JP5384771B1 - ハイブリッド車両の制御装置 - Google Patents
ハイブリッド車両の制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5384771B1 JP5384771B1 JP2013506402A JP2013506402A JP5384771B1 JP 5384771 B1 JP5384771 B1 JP 5384771B1 JP 2013506402 A JP2013506402 A JP 2013506402A JP 2013506402 A JP2013506402 A JP 2013506402A JP 5384771 B1 JP5384771 B1 JP 5384771B1
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- voltage
- command value
- generator
- value
- rotational speed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/46—Series type
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- B60L15/02—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles characterised by the form of the current used in the control circuit
- B60L15/025—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles characterised by the form of the current used in the control circuit using field orientation; Vector control; Direct Torque Control [DTC]
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- B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
- Control Of Charge By Means Of Generators (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
Description
図1は、この発明の実施の形態1に係るハイブリッド車両の制御装置を含むハイブリッド車両システムの全体構成を示すブロック図である。図1において、ハイブリッド車両システムは、エンジン1と、エンジン1によって駆動される発電機2と、電力変換装置としてのコンバータ3と、コンバータ3に接続された負荷装置4と、負荷装置4と同様にコンバータ3に接続された電力貯蔵装置としてのバッテリ5と、エンジン1を制御するエンジン制御部6と、発電機2の発電量を制御するためにエンジン1およびコンバータ3を制御する発電制御部7と、バッテリ5の電力調整を行うバッテリ制御部8と、負荷装置4を制御する負荷装置制御部9と、図示しない運転台からの運転指令Do_1や、電圧センサ11、速度センサ12などからの各種センサ出力に基づいて、エンジン制御部6、発電制御部7、バッテリ制御部8および負荷装置制御部9を制御する上位制御部10を備えて構成される。
この区間においては、直流電圧指令値生成器7a_1が出力する直流電圧指令値Vdc_refは、直流電圧Vdcと一致した値が出力される。
この区間においては、直流電圧指令値生成器7a_1が出力する直流電圧指令値Vdc_refは、直流電圧Vdcに依らず過電圧閾値Vdc_limの値が出力される。
電動機4dの回生動作時に直流電圧Vdcが過電圧閾値Vdc_lim以上となり、かつ、発電機回転数ωcがアイドリング回転数以上になると、エンジンブレーキ信号EBのON信号が上位制御部10に出力される。このとき、上位制御部10は、エンジン制御部6に「0(零)」のエンジントルク指令Te_ref(図1参照)を出力する。零のエンジントルク指令Te_refが出力されたエンジン制御部6は、エンジン1のスロットル開度St(図1参照)を閉じるようにエンジン1に指令を送り、エンジン1への燃料供給を停止させる。その後、負荷装置4からの回生電力はバッテリ5に充電されず、エンジン1の摩擦負荷によって消費され、バッテリ5が過電圧となるのを防止できる。
上記の制御を行う一方で、上位制御部10は、速度リミット器7b_1からの発電機リミット信号ωc_limに応じて、負荷装置4からの回生電力を抑えるように負荷装置制御部9からの負荷トルク指令値Ti_ref(図1参照)を絞る。そして、負荷トルク指令値Ti_refの減少量に応じて、機械ブレーキ力を増大させ余剰な回生電力を機械ブレーキで消費する。また、発電機リミット信号ωc_limは、上位制御部10を介し図示しない運転台等に通知しランプ表示等にて運転手に報知する。
つぎに、この発明の実施の形態2に係るハイブリッド車両の制御装置について説明する。図6は、この発明の実施の形態2に係るハイブリッド車両の制御装置の要部を成す発電制御部7の構成を示すブロック図である。実施の形態2では、実施の形態1の発電制御部7と比較して、排気弁操作制御部7dから速度制御部7bに弁操作信号Bsが伝達されることと、速度制御部7bの内部処理とが相違点である。
つぎに、この発明の実施の形態3に係るハイブリッド車両の制御装置について説明する。図9は、この発明の実施の形態3に係るハイブリッド車両の制御装置を含むハイブリッド車両システムの全体構成を示すブロック図である。この実施の形態3では、実施の形態1のシステム制御部と比較して、バッテリ5と、コンバータ3と、負荷装置4のインバータ4eとの間に遮断器14を設けている点と、上位制御部10からバッテリ5に対しバッテリ開放制御信号線が結線されている点とが相違点である。
Claims (15)
- エンジンで駆動される発電機と、
前記発電機が出力する交流電力を直流電力に変換するコンバータと、
前記コンバータと電気的に接続された電力貯蔵装置と、
前記コンバータが出力する電力および前記電力貯蔵装置からの電力のうちの少なくとも1つを用いて駆動され回生動作を行う負荷装置と、
を備えたハイブリッド車両に適用され、
前記コンバータを制御して前記発電機の発電量を制御する発電制御部と、
少なくとも前記発電制御部の動作を制御する上位制御部と、
を備えたハイブリッド車両の制御装置であって、
前記発電制御部は、
前記電力貯蔵装置の電気的接続端に対して満充電の電圧値以下である過電圧閾値を超えない範囲で設定される直流電圧指令値と、前記電気的接続端の直流電圧との差分電圧値の情報を用いて前記発電機に対する回転速度指令値を算出し、
前記直流電圧が前記過電圧閾値以上になると、前記差分電圧値を前記回転速度指令値として、前記コンバータの出力をPWM制御して前記発電機の回転速度を前記回転速度指令値に追従させることにより前記直流電圧を前記直流電圧指令値に追従させる過電圧防止部を備え、
前記上位制御部は、前記負荷装置が回生動作中に前記直流電圧が前記過電圧閾値以上になり前記発電機の回転速度がアイドリング回転数以上になると、前記エンジンにエンジンブレーキ動作を促すための零のエンジントルク指令を出力することを特徴とするハイブリッド車両の制御装置。 - 前記過電圧防止部は、
前記直流電圧指令値と前記直流電圧とを用いて前記回転速度指令値を算出する回転速度指令値算出部と、
前記回転速度指令値と前記発電機の回転速度との差分値に基づいて、前記発電機に対するトルク指令値を生成する速度制御部と、
前記トルク指令値に基づいて前記コンバータをPWM制御する電圧制御部と、
を備えたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のハイブリッド車両の制御装置。 - 前記回転速度指令値算出部は、
前記直流電圧指令値を生成する直流電圧指令生成器と、
前記差分電圧値に基づいて前記回転速度指令値を算出する電圧PI制御器と、
を備えたことを特徴とする請求項2に記載のハイブリッド車両の制御装置。 - 前記直流電圧指令生成器には、前記直流電圧指令値の制限を開始する過電圧閾値が設定されていることを特徴とする請求項3に記載のハイブリッド車両の制御装置。
- 前記過電圧閾値は、前記電力貯蔵装置の内部抵抗と、前記電力貯蔵装置の最大吸収電流とから予め想定される電圧変動幅を加味して設定されていることを特徴とする請求項4に記載のハイブリッド車両の制御装置。
- 前記速度制御部は、
前記回転速度指令値に対する下限値と上限値とのうちの少なくとも一方をリミットする速度リミット器と、
前記速度リミット器を介して入力された回転速度指令値に基づいて前記トルク指令値を算出する速度PI制御器と、
を備えたことを特徴とする請求項2に記載のハイブリッド車両の制御装置。 - 前記速度リミット器における前記回転速度指令値に対する下限値は、前記エンジンのアイドリング回転数以上に設定されていることを特徴とする請求項6に記載のハイブリッド車両の制御装置。
- 前記速度リミット器における前記回転速度指令値に対する上限値は、エンジンブレーキ動作時の許容回転数以下に設定されていることを特徴とする請求項6に記載のハイブリッド車両の制御装置。
- 前記速度リミット器のリミット処理情報を前記上位制御部に伝送することを特徴とする請求項6に記載のハイブリッド車両の制御装置。
- 前記上位制御部は、前記リミット処理情報に基づいて、負荷装置が発生する回生電力を調整すること特徴とする請求項9に記載のハイブリッド車両の制御装置。
- 前記上位制御部は、前記速度リミット器のリミット処理情報に基づいて、前記電力貯蔵装置と前記コンバータとの電気的接続端を開放する信号を出力することを特徴とする請求項9に記載のハイブリッド車両の制御装置。
- 前記発電制御部は、前記直流電圧、前記発電機の回転速度および前記過電圧閾値に基づいて、前記エンジンの排気弁操作指令を出力する排気弁操作制御部をさらに具備することを特徴とする請求項6に記載のハイブリッド車両の制御装置。
- 前記エンジンのトルク指令特性を有し、前記発電機の回転速度に基づいてトルク補正値を出力するトルク補正器をさらに備え、
前記電圧制御部は、前記速度リミット器を介して入力された前記回転速度指令値と、前記トルク補正器から出力された前記トルク補正値とに基づいて前記コンバータの出力をPWM制御することを特徴とする請求項6に記載のハイブリッド車両の制御装置。 - 前記排気弁操作指令の有無に基づいた複数のトルク指令特性を有し、前記エンジンの排気弁操作に基づいて前記複数のトルク指令特性のうちの一つを選択し、この選択したトルク指令特性に基づいてトルク補正値を出力するトルク補正器をさらに備え、
前記電圧制御部は、前記速度リミット器を介して入力された前記回転速度指令値と、前記トルク補正器から出力された前記トルク補正値とに基づいて、前記コンバータの出力をPWM制御することを特徴とする請求項12に記載のハイブリッド車両の制御装置。 - 前記エンジンの許容最大回転数以上の速度領域では、前記トルク補正器から出力されるトルク補正値が零に設定されていることを特徴とする請求項13に記載のハイブリッド車両の制御装置。
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