JP5043047B2 - 周囲空気を用いたlngの直接及び間接併用再ガス化 - Google Patents
周囲空気を用いたlngの直接及び間接併用再ガス化 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5043047B2 JP5043047B2 JP2008558920A JP2008558920A JP5043047B2 JP 5043047 B2 JP5043047 B2 JP 5043047B2 JP 2008558920 A JP2008558920 A JP 2008558920A JP 2008558920 A JP2008558920 A JP 2008558920A JP 5043047 B2 JP5043047 B2 JP 5043047B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- ambient air
- heater
- vaporizer
- lng
- intermediate fluid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 title claims description 183
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 claims description 83
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 80
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 79
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008234 soft water Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 68
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 13
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- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 alkali metal formate Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium acetate Chemical compound [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- WFIZEGIEIOHZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium formate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C=O WFIZEGIEIOHZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium acetate Chemical compound N.CC(O)=O USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005695 Ammonium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004280 Sodium formate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001508 alkali metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008045 alkali metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019257 ammonium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940043376 ammonium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium formate Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]C=O VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
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- HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium formate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C=O HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000019254 sodium formate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
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Description
本発明は、気化のための主要な熱源として周囲空気に依存した液化天然ガス(LNG)再ガス化のための方法及び装置に関する。周囲空気は、LNGと直接、又は中間的流体を使用することにより間接的に熱交換する。
天然ガスは、石炭又は油のいずれよりも生ずる排気物及び汚染物質が少ないので、最もクリーンな燃焼用石化燃料である。天然ガス(NG)は、「液化天然ガス(LNG)」として液体状態で或る場所から別の場所へ輸送されるのが慣例である。天然ガスの液化は、LNGが、同じ量の天然ガスがそのガス状態で占める体積の約1/600しか占めないので輸送するのに一層経済的である。或る場所から別の場所へのLNGの輸送は、「LNGC」と呼ばれている低温貯蔵能力を有する二重船郭海洋航行船舶を用いて達成されるのが最も一般的である。LNGは、LNGC船上低温貯蔵タンク中に入れて貯蔵されるのが典型的であり、その貯蔵タンクは、大気圧か又はそれより僅かに高い圧力で操作される。現存するLNGCの大部分は、120,000m3〜150,000m3の範囲の大きさのLNG積み荷貯蔵容量を有し、或るLNGCは、264,000m3までの貯蔵容量を有する。
本発明の一つの態様に従い、主要熱源として周囲空気を用いてLNGを再ガス化して天然ガスを形成する方法において:
(a) LNGを周囲空気による気化器を通って流れるように送り、LNGと周囲空気との間の直接熱交換により天然ガス流を形成する工程;
(b) 前記天然ガス流の温度を、トリムヒーターで循環する中間的流体との熱交換により予め定められた配送温度へ調節する工程;
(c) 前記中間的流体を周囲空気ヒーターを通って流れるように送り、前記中間的流体を周囲空気と熱交換させる工程;及び
(d) 一つ以上の強制通風扇風機を用いて周囲空気ヒーター及び周囲空気による気化器の上に周囲空気の流れを送り、熱交換を補助し、前記周囲空気ヒーターを前記周囲空気による気化器よりも前記強制通風扇風機に一層近接して配置し、空気を前記周囲空気ヒーターを横切って流れるように送り、前記空気を冷却及び乾燥し、然る後、前記空気を周囲空気による気化器に到達させる工程;
を含む再ガス化方法が与えられる。
LNGを天然ガスへ再ガス化するための周囲空気による気化器;
循環する中間的流体との熱交換により前記天然ガスの温度を上昇させるためのトリムヒーター;
前記中間的流体を加熱するための周囲空気ヒーター;
前記トリムヒーターと前記周囲空気ヒーターとの間に前記中間的流体を循環させるための循環用ポンプ;及び
周囲空気ヒーター及び周囲空気による気化器の上に周囲空気の流れを送る一つ以上の強制通風扇風機で、前記周囲空気ヒーターが前記周囲空気による気化器よりも前記強制通風扇風機に一層近接して配置されており、空気を前記周囲空気ヒーターを横切って流れるように送り、前記空気を冷却及び乾燥し、然る後、前記空気を周囲空気による気化器に到達させる、強制通風扇風機;
を含む再ガス化施設が与えられる。
気化するための主要熱源として周囲空気を用いてLNGを再ガス化するための方法及び装置の特別の態様を次に記述する。本発明は、陸上再ガス化施設で使用するために、或は沖合の固定プラットホーム、又ははしけ、又は船上再ガス化施設を配備したLNG運搬船で使用するために、適用することができる。ここで用いる用語は、特別な態様を記述する目的のためだけのものであり、本発明の範囲を限定するためのものではない。別に定義しない限り、ここで用いる技術的及び科学的用語は、全て本発明が属する分野の当業者によって普通に理解されるものと同じ意味を有する。図面において、同じ番号は同様な部材を指すことを理解すべきである。
Claims (14)
- 主要熱源として周囲空気を用いてLNGを再ガス化して天然ガスを形成する方法において:
(a) LNGを周囲空気による気化器を通って流れるように送り、LNGと周囲空気との間の直接熱交換により天然ガス流を形成する工程;
(b) 前記天然ガス流の温度を、トリムヒーターで循環する中間的流体との熱交換により予め定められた配送温度へ調節する工程;
(c) 前記中間的流体を周囲空気ヒーターを通って流れるように送り、前記中間的流体を周囲空気と熱交換させる工程;及び
(d) 一つ以上の強制通風扇風機を用いて周囲空気ヒーター及び周囲空気による気化器の上に周囲空気の流れを送り、熱交換を補助し、前記周囲空気ヒーターを前記周囲空気による気化器よりも前記強制通風扇風機に一層近接して配置し、空気を前記周囲空気ヒーターを横切って流れるように送り、前記空気を冷却及び乾燥し、然る後、前記空気を周囲空気による気化器に到達させる工程;
を含み、
一つ以上の強制通風扇風機を周囲空気ヒーターの上に設置し、その周囲空気ヒーターを今度は周囲空気による気化器の上に設置し、空気を前記周囲空気ヒーターを横切って下方へ流し、然る後、周囲空気による気化器に到達させる、再ガス化方法。 - 周囲空気ヒーター及び周囲空気による気化器を一つのシステムとして構成し、共通の強制通風扇風機を共有させる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 中間的流体の温度を0℃より高く維持し、周囲空気ヒーターが水平管束を含む、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 周囲空気ヒーターが水平管束を含み、周囲空気による気化器が垂直管束を含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 中間的流体の温度を、補助熱源を用いて0℃より高く維持する、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 補助熱を:排気ガスヒーター;電気による水又は流体ヒーター;船の推進ユニット;ディーゼルエンジン;又はガスタービン推進プラント;又は発電プラントからの排気ガス流;からなる群から選択する、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 更に、LNGの迂回流を中間的流体気化器を通って流れるように送り、LNGが、循環する中間的流体の一部分と熱交換する工程を含む、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 中間的流体を、グリコール、グリコール・水混合物、メタノール、プロパノール、プロパン、ブタン、アンモニア、ホルメート、淡水又は軟水、からなるリストから選択する、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- LNGを、主要熱源として周囲空気を用いて再ガス化して天然ガスを形成するための再ガス化施設において、その装置が:
LNGを天然ガスへ再ガス化するための周囲空気による気化器;
循環する中間的流体との熱交換により前記天然ガスの温度を上昇させるためのトリムヒーター;
前記中間的流体を加熱するための周囲空気ヒーター;
前記トリムヒーターと前記周囲空気ヒーターとの間に前記中間的流体を循環させるための循環用ポンプ;及び
前記周囲空気ヒーター及び前記周囲空気による気化器の上に周囲空気の流れを送るための一つ以上の強制通風扇風機で、前記周囲空気ヒーターが前記周囲空気による気化器よりも前記強制通風扇風機に一層近接して配置されており、空気を前記周囲空気ヒーターを横切って流れるように送り、前記空気を冷却及び乾燥し、然る後、前記空気を周囲空気による気化器に到達させる、強制通風扇風機;
を含み、
周囲空気ヒーターを、周囲空気による気化器より上に強制通風扇風機に一層近接して設置し、空気を前記周囲空気ヒーターを横切って下方へ流し、然る後、周囲空気による気化器に到達させるようにしてある、装置。 - 周囲空気ヒーターが水平管束を含み、周囲空気による気化器が垂直管束を含む、請求項9に記載の装置。
- 周囲空気ヒーターが水平管束を含み、前記周囲空気ヒーターへ送られた中間的流体の温度を補助熱源を用いて0℃より高い温度へ調節するための制御機構を更に含む、請求項9又は10に記載の装置。
- 補助熱源が:排気ガスヒーター;電気による水又は流体ヒーター;船の推進ユニット;燃焼ヒーター;ディーゼルエンジン;又はガスタービン推進プラント;又は発電プラントからの排気ガス流;からなるリストから選択されている、請求項9〜11のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 再ガス化施設がLNG運搬船の船上に配置されており、補助熱源がLNG運搬船のエンジンから回収した熱である、請求項11に記載の装置。
- 更に、LNGが、循環する中間的流体の一部分と熱交換する、LNGの迂回流を気化するための、中間的流体気化器を含む、請求項9〜13のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
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US11/559,144 | 2006-11-13 | ||
US11/559,144 US20070214805A1 (en) | 2006-03-15 | 2006-11-13 | Onboard Regasification of LNG Using Ambient Air |
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JP2008558588A Abandoned JP2009529455A (ja) | 2006-03-15 | 2007-02-28 | 周囲空気を用いたlngの船上再ガス化中のバラスト水管理 |
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2006
- 2006-11-13 US US11/559,144 patent/US20070214805A1/en not_active Abandoned
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KR101296822B1 (ko) | 2013-08-14 |
JP2009530549A (ja) | 2009-08-27 |
AU2007226253B2 (en) | 2011-08-25 |
EP1994326A1 (en) | 2008-11-26 |
WO2007104077A1 (en) | 2007-09-20 |
JP2009529455A (ja) | 2009-08-20 |
US8607580B2 (en) | 2013-12-17 |
EP1994327A1 (en) | 2008-11-26 |
AU2007224991A1 (en) | 2007-09-20 |
KR20080113039A (ko) | 2008-12-26 |
US20070214805A1 (en) | 2007-09-20 |
KR20080111456A (ko) | 2008-12-23 |
WO2007105042A1 (en) | 2007-09-20 |
AU2007226253A1 (en) | 2007-09-20 |
EP1994326B1 (en) | 2018-10-31 |
US20070214807A1 (en) | 2007-09-20 |
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