JP4718473B2 - ディーゼル型ピストンエンジンおよびディーゼル型ピストンエンジンの制御方法 - Google Patents
ディーゼル型ピストンエンジンおよびディーゼル型ピストンエンジンの制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
- F02B37/02—Gas passages between engine outlet and pump drive, e.g. reservoirs
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- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/02—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
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- F01D5/048—Form or construction
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- F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
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- F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
- F02B23/0672—Omega-piston bowl, i.e. the combustion space having a central projection pointing towards the cylinder head and the surrounding wall being inclined towards the cylinder center axis
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- F02B29/0493—Controlling the air charge temperature
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- F02B37/004—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust with exhaust drives arranged in series
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
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- F02B37/025—Multiple scrolls or multiple gas passages guiding the gas to the pump drive
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- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
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- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
- F02M26/22—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
- F02M26/23—Layout, e.g. schematics
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- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
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- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
- F04D29/28—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps
- F04D29/284—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps for compressors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/08—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
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- F01N13/107—More than one exhaust manifold or exhaust collector
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- F02B2275/00—Other engines, components or details, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F02B2275/14—Direct injection into combustion chamber
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- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0002—Controlling intake air
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- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/02—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
- F02M26/04—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines with a single turbocharger
- F02M26/05—High pressure loops, i.e. wherein recirculated exhaust gas is taken out from the exhaust system upstream of the turbine and reintroduced into the intake system downstream of the compressor
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- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/02—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
- F02M26/08—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines for engines having two or more intake charge compressors or exhaust gas turbines, e.g. a turbocharger combined with an additional compressor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
- F02M26/22—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
- F02M26/33—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage controlling the temperature of the recirculated gases
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- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
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- F05D2220/00—Application
- F05D2220/40—Application in turbochargers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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Description
ψspec=ψinj/BMEP・υp[°υυ/(バール・m/秒)]
BMEPは以下のように定義される。
BMEP=Tbrake・4π/V・10−5[バール]
但し、Tbrakeは、クランクシャフトで測定したNm単位のブレーキトルク、Vは、m3単位の排気量である。したがって、BMEPは、エンジンサイズに関係なく、吸入段階、圧縮段階、膨張段階および排出段階を含めた完全な1サイクル中に伝達されたクランクシャフトトルクの平均値である。
Claims (46)
- シリンダ(52)によって形成された少なくとも1つの燃焼室と、各シリンダ内に移動可能に配置され、かつクランクシャフト(54)に連結されているピストン(53)と、前記燃焼室内へ直接的に燃料を噴射するように構成された噴射装置(56)とを備えるディーゼル形ピストンエンジンを制御する方法であって、
前記噴射装置(56)からの燃料の噴射は、7バールBMEPを超えるエンジン負荷における内燃機関の動作範囲内で0.12クランク角度/(バール×m/秒)未満の特定の噴射時間を決定する値(ψ spec )を有し、
特定の噴射時間を決定する値(ψ spec )は、クランク角度単位の噴射時間(ψ inj )、バール単位の平均有効圧力(BMEP)、およびm/秒単位の平均ピストン速度(υ p )によって以下の式に当てはめられる、
ψ spec =ψ inj /BMEP・υ p [°υυ/(バール・m/秒)]
ことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記噴射装置(56)からの燃料の噴射は、7バールBMEPを超えるエンジン負荷における内燃機関の動作範囲内で0.10クランク角度/(バール×m/秒)未満の特定の噴射時間を決定する値を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記噴射装置(56)からの燃料の噴射は、12バールBMEPを超えるエンジン負荷における内燃機関の動作範囲内で0.095クランク角度/(バール×m/秒)未満の特定の噴射時間を決定する値を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記噴射装置(56)からの燃料の噴射は、6m/秒を超える平均ピストン速度における内燃機関の動作範囲内で0.095クランク角度/(バール×m/秒)未満の特定の噴射時間を決定する値を有することを特徴とする請求項1、2または3に記載の方法。
- 前記噴射装置(56)からの燃料の噴射は、18バールBMEPを超えるエンジン負荷における内燃機関の動作範囲内で0.09クランク角度/(バール×m/秒)未満の特定の噴射時間を決定する値を有することを特徴とする請求項1ないし4のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 低圧ターボ(22)、該低圧ターボの下流側に配置された第2の高圧ターボ(18)、および前記低圧ターボ(22)および高圧ターボ(18)間に配置された給気冷却器(27)を有するターボシステムを介して前記燃焼室に供給されることを特徴とする請求項1ないし5のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記低圧ターボ(22)および高圧ターボ(18)の各々は、最大ターボマップ効率が60%を超えることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記低圧ターボ(22)および高圧ターボ(18)の各々は、最大ターボマップ効率が65%を超えることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記低圧ターボ(22)および高圧ターボ(18)の各々は、最大ターボマップ効率が70%を超えることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記燃焼室に取り付けられたガス交換弁(57、58)は、ガス容積効率が85%未満になるように制御されることを特徴とする請求項6ないし9のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記燃焼室に取り付けられたガス交換弁(57、58)は、ガス容積効率がエンジンの動作状態に応じて45%〜85%の間で変化するように制御されることを特徴とする請求項6ないし9のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記ガス交換弁(57、58)の制御機構は、6m/秒を超える平均ピストン速度、かつ15バールBMEPを超えるエンジン負荷において内燃機関に少なくとも第1動作範囲を与えるように構成され、この場合、前記第1範囲内のガス容積効率は、70%未満であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記燃焼室に取り付けられた吸入弁(57)の閉鎖は、内燃機関の動作状態に応じて変化することを特徴とする請求項6ないし12のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記燃焼室に取り付けられた吸入弁(57)は、内燃機関に最大ガス容積効率を与える閉鎖時間の前あるいは後に閉鎖されることを特徴とする請求項6ないし13のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記燃焼室への空気および燃料の供給は、18〜30バールBMEPの範囲内のエンジン負荷において1.7〜2.05の範囲内の等価空気余剰率を与えるように調節されることを特徴とする請求項1ないし14のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 燃料供給は、上死点の手前0〜10クランク角度、好ましくは2.5〜7.5クランク角度の範囲内に開始されることを特徴とする請求項1ないし15のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記噴射装置の最大噴射圧力は、1600バールを超えることを特徴とする請求項1ないし16のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 最高ニードル開口圧力NOPおよび最大噴射圧力maxIPの比が0.7を超える、すなわち、NOP/maxIP>0.7であることを特徴とする請求項1ないし17のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記燃焼室内の燃焼プロセスからの排出ガスは、少なくとも部分的に断熱された排気ダクトを通過することを特徴とする請求項1ないし18のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記燃焼室への空気および燃料の供給は、燃焼中の最大シリンダ圧力が8・BMEPを超えることができるように調節されることを特徴とする請求項1ないし19のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記燃焼室への空気および燃料の供給は、燃焼中の最大シリンダ圧力が9・BMEPを超えることができるように調節されることを特徴とする請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記燃焼室への空気および燃料の供給は、燃焼中の最大シリンダ圧力が10・BMEPを超えることができるように調節されることを特徴とする請求項21に記載の方法。
- シリンダ(52)によって形成された少なくとも1つの燃焼室と、各シリンダ内に移動可能に配置され、かつクランクシャフト(54)に連結されているピストン(53)と、前記燃焼室内へ直接的に燃料を噴射するように構成された噴射装置(56)とを備えるディーゼル形ピストンエンジンであって、
前記噴射装置(56)は、7バールBMEPを超えるエンジン負荷における内燃機関の動作範囲内で0.12クランク角度/(バール×m/秒)未満の特定の噴射時間を決定する値(ψ spec )を有するように構成され、
特定の噴射時間を決定する値(ψ spec )は、クランク角度単位の噴射時間(ψ inj )、バール単位の平均有効圧力(BMEP)、およびm/秒単位の平均ピストン速度(υ p )によって以下の式に当てはめられる、
ψ spec =ψ inj /BMEP・υ p [°υυ/(バール・m/秒)]
ことを特徴とするディーゼル形ピストンエンジン。 - 前記噴射装置(56)は、7バールBMEPを超えるエンジン負荷における内燃機関の動作範囲内で0.10クランク角度/(バール×m/秒)未満の特定の噴射時間を決定する値を有するように構成されることを特徴とする請求項23に記載のピストンエンジン。
- 前記噴射装置(56)は、12バールBMEPを超えるエンジン負荷における内燃機関の動作範囲内で0.095クランク角度/(バール×m/秒)未満の特定の噴射時間を決定する値を有するように構成されることを特徴とする請求項23に記載のピストンエンジン。
- 前記噴射装置(56)は、6m/秒を超える平均ピストン速度における内燃機関の動作範囲内で0.095クランク角度/(バール×m/秒)未満の特定の噴射時間を決定する値を有するように構成されることを特徴とする請求項23または25に記載のピストンエンジン。
- 前記噴射装置(56)は、18バールBMEPを超えるエンジン負荷における内燃機関の動作範囲内で0.09クランク角度/(バール×m/秒)未満の特定の噴射時間を決定する値を有するように構成されることを特徴とする請求項23ないし26のいずれかに記載のピストンエンジン。
- 低圧ターボ(22)、該低圧ターボ(22)の下流側に配置された高圧ターボ(18)、および前記低圧ターボ(22)および高圧ターボ(18)間に配置された給気冷却器(27)を有するターボシステムを介して前記燃焼室に供給されることを特徴とする請求項23ないし27のいずれかに記載のピストンエンジン。
- 前記低圧ターボ(22)および高圧ターボ(18)の各々は、最大ターボマップ効率が60%を超えることを特徴とする請求項28に記載のピストンエンジン。
- 前記低圧ターボ(22)および高圧ターボ(18)の各々は、最大ターボマップ効率が65%を超えることを特徴とする請求項28に記載のピストンエンジン。
- 前記低圧ターボ(22)および高圧ターボ(18)の各々は、最大ターボマップ効率が70%を超えることを特徴とする請求項28に記載のピストンエンジン。
- 前記燃焼室に取り付けられたガス交換弁(57、58)が、85%未満のガス容積効率を与えるように制御されるように構成されることを特徴とする請求項28ないし31のいずれかに記載のピストンエンジン。
- 前記燃焼室に取り付けられたガス交換弁(57、58)が、エンジンの動作状態に応じて45%〜85%の間で変化するガス容積効率を与えるように制御されるように構成されることを特徴とする請求項28ないし32のいずれか記載のピストンエンジン。
- 前記ガス交換弁(57、58)の制御機構は、6m/秒を超える平均ピストン速度、かつ15バールBMEPを超えるエンジン負荷において内燃機関に少なくとも第1動作範囲を与えるように構成され、この場合、前記第1範囲内のガス容積効率は、70%未満であることを特徴とする請求項33に記載のピストンエンジン。
- 前記燃焼室に取り付けられた吸入弁(57)の閉鎖時間は、内燃機関の動作状態に応じて変化するように構成されることを特徴とする請求項33または34に記載のピストンエンジン。
- 前記燃焼室に取り付けられた吸入弁(57)は、内燃機関の最大ガス容積効率を生じる閉鎖時間の前あるいは後に閉鎖されるように構成されることを特徴とする請求項28ないし35のいずれかに記載のピストンエンジン。
- 前記燃焼室に取り付けられた吸入弁(57)は、下死点の前に閉鎖されるように構成されることを特徴とする請求項28ないし36のいずれかに記載のピストンエンジン。
- 前記燃焼室に取り付けられた吸入弁(57)の閉鎖は、内燃機関の動作状態に応じて変化することを特徴とする請求項28ないし37のいずれかに記載のピストンエンジン。
- 前記燃焼室への空気および燃料の供給は、18〜30バールBMEPの範囲内のエンジン負荷において1.7〜2.05の範囲内の等価空気余剰率を与えるように調節されることを特徴とする請求項23ないし38のいずれかに記載のピストンエンジン。
- 前記噴射装置(56)は、燃料供給を上死点の手前0〜10クランク角度、好ましくは2.5〜7.5クランク角度の範囲内に開始するように構成されることを特徴とする請求項23ないし39のいずれかに記載のピストンエンジン。
- 前記噴射装置(56)は、1600バールを超える最大噴射圧力を与えるように構成されることを特徴とする請求項23ないし40のいずれかに記載のピストンエンジン。
- 前記噴射装置(56)は、ニードル開口圧力NOPおよび最大噴射圧力maxIPの比が0.7を超える、すなわち、NOP/maxIP>0.7であるように構成されることを特徴とする請求項23ないし41のいずれかに記載のピストンエンジン。
- 少なくとも部分的に断熱された排気ダクトが、前記燃焼室に設けられた排気ポートに接続されることを特徴とする請求項23ないし42のいずれかに記載のピストンエンジン。
- 前記燃焼室への空気および燃料の供給は、燃焼中の最大シリンダ圧力が8・BMEPを超えることができるように調節されることを特徴とする請求項23ないし43のいずれかに記載のピストンエンジン。
- 前記燃焼室への空気および燃料の供給は、燃焼中の最大シリンダ圧力が9・BMEPを超えることができるように調節されることを特徴とする請求項44に記載のピストンエンジン。
- 前記燃焼室への空気および燃料の供給は、燃焼中の最大シリンダ圧力が10・BMEPを超えることができるように調節されることを特徴とする請求項44に記載のピストンエンジン。
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