JP4594502B2 - Artificial medium - Google Patents

Artificial medium Download PDF

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JP4594502B2
JP4594502B2 JP2000262502A JP2000262502A JP4594502B2 JP 4594502 B2 JP4594502 B2 JP 4594502B2 JP 2000262502 A JP2000262502 A JP 2000262502A JP 2000262502 A JP2000262502 A JP 2000262502A JP 4594502 B2 JP4594502 B2 JP 4594502B2
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plant
water
medium
fiber
artificial
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JP2002065055A (en
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久幸 瀧川
豊 河原
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金井 宏彰
河原 豊
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、植物工場の養液栽培、家庭用植物栽培コンテナ、育苗ポットの灌水マットや人工土壌として用いる人工培地の改良に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、この種人工培地としては、砂、礫の他に顆粒状の人工土壌が使用されている。しかし、この種人工土壌は、顆粒状であるため、▲1▼育苗ポットに詰めるのに手数を要し、作業性が悪い、▲2▼吸水によって移動し、発根・成育環境が安定せず、育苗期間が長くなる、▲3▼育苗ポットからの定植時に脱落して根を損傷しやすく、定植期間が長くなるという問題があった。
【0003】
そこで、上記人工土壌の有する問題を解決するために、マット状のロックウール培地が開発された。このロックウール培地は、吸水性、保水性が良好で、かつ吸水による形態変化がなくて発根・成育環境が安定するため、汎用されている。しかし、ロックウール培地は、▲1▼製造時における岩綿(玄武岩)の溶解に多量の熱量を消費し、大気中に大量の炭酸ガスを放出して大気汚染の一因になる、▲2▼使用済後廃棄しても土中で分解しないという問題がある。
【0004】
近年、ロックウール培地の問題を解消するため、植物繊維を用いたものが種々開発されているが、次のような問題がある。
例えば、椰子殻繊維を樹脂成型した培地は、繊維の洗浄、成型に手間と時間を要し、また繊維径が太く、吸水性、保水性等がロックウール培地に比べて悪くて、低目付品、形状の小さな育苗ポット、灌水マットには適さない。
【0005】
また、ジュート繊維とコイヤ繊維を混合した不織布シート(特開平6−181629号公報)は、混合繊維が吸水性を有しているが、保水性が悪くて灌水マット等には適さない。
【0006】
さらに、生分解性繊維を使用して主体繊維を結合するバインダーとした布帛(特開平6−248511号公報)は、シート状であり、培地として使用した場合、保水・吸水により移動するため、発根・成育環境が安定しないだけでなく、植物活性の有効成分を含有していないため、栽培期間が長くなる傾向にある。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、吸水による形態変化がなくて発根・成育環境を一定に維持しつつ、ロックウール培地よりも保水性、吸水性を向上し、また植物活性の有効成分を長期間保持して、育苗・栽培期間を大幅に短縮可能にすると共に、繰返し使用を可能にし、さらに安価に任意の大きさ・形状に成形可能にした環境に優しい人工培地を提供することを課題とする。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明に係る人工培地は、巻回又は積重された繊維交絡シートを骨格としたフェノール樹脂発泡成形体であり、上記繊維交絡シートを植物繊維で構成し、かつ植物繊維に植物炭化粉末と吸水性樹脂とを固着して成る。
【0009】
この手段によれば、培地として優れた吸水性と保水性が確保され、植物活性の有効成分と酸素が長期間にわたって微細空隙から植物の根に供給され、育苗・栽培期間が大幅に短縮されると共に、植物成育機能を低下することなく連続栽培(少なくとも2〜5年間繰返し使用)が可能になる。また、吸水による形態変化がなく、発根・成育環境の安定性が維持されると共に、任意の立体形状に炭酸ガスを発生することなく安価に成形される。さらに、使用済後は土壌に埋設するだけで、植物炭化粉末による微生物担持機能と、植物繊維と吸水性樹脂による吸水・保水機能とによって、微生物が活発に活動して比較的短期間で炭酸ガスと水とに分解される。
【0010】
本発明において、フェノール樹脂発泡成形体における植物繊維の割合としては、50〜70重量%の範囲が好適である。植物繊維の割合が50重量%未満になると、繊維充填本数が少なくなって、熱成形により樹脂化して脆くなるため、取扱い性が低下する傾向になり、70重量%を越えると、樹脂接着力が低下して成形性が悪くなるため、高密度培地の成形が困難になるだけでなく、吸水による形態変化が生じたり、植物炭化粉末と吸水性樹脂が培地外へ流出し易くなり、育苗・栽培期間が長くなり、連続栽培が困難になる傾向になるからである。
ところで、本発明において、フェノール樹脂を使用したのは、人工培地としての保形性・剛性を付与できると共に、発泡成形体が容易に得られ、安価で、組成的に環境に優しい樹脂であるからである。
【0011】
また、発泡成形体の見掛け密度は、0.05〜0.30g/cm3 の範囲が好ましく、0.05g/cm3 未満であると保水性が低下し、0.30g/cm3 を越えると空隙率が低下し、根の成育が悪くなり、また酸素供給不足による成育障害が発生し易くなるからである。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
発明の実施の形態を図面を参照して説明する。
【0013】
本発明に用いる繊維交絡体は、予め不純物を除去し、平滑性を付与するために油剤処理を施した植物繊維100%からなる繊維ウェッブを、ニードルパンチ法、ウォータジェットパンチ法、スパンレース法等から適宜選択した交絡手段によって交絡して不織布シート状に形成したものである。ところで、上記植物繊維としては、ジュート、パーム、コットン等を用いることができるが、均一なシート化及びコストの点を考慮すると、ジュート繊維が特に好ましい。
【0014】
また、本発明に用いるフェノール樹脂混合液は、発泡剤を含有して発泡性能を付与したフェノール樹脂(以下、発泡フェノール樹脂という)に植物炭化粉末と吸水性樹脂を所定割合で混合したものである。
【0015】
上記植物炭化粉末の素材としては、水草の一種であるコカナダ藻や成長の早い竹の炭化物を用いると好適である。というのは、これらの炭化物が水や土壌中の色々な成分を吸収してミネラルや無機物等の植物活性の有効成分を多く含有しているからである。これらに対して、紙や植物繊維等の加工品の炭化物は、植物活性の有効成分が少ないから、好ましくない。
【0016】
この場合、上記植物炭化粉末は、均一に分散して付着するためには微粉末であることが好ましいが、その粒子径は粉砕費用を考慮すると、含浸加工できる程度であればよく特に限定するものではない。また、炭化物としては、高温で炭化したものであればあるほど好ましいが、コストの点を考慮すると、600℃前後で炭化したものが好適である。というのは、400℃以下の低温で炭化した場合、微細な多孔質構造のものが得られ難く、酸素不足になり、植物の成育が遅くなる傾向になるからである。
【0017】
また、植物炭化粉末の混合割合は、植物活性効果、脱落等を考慮すると、発泡フェノール樹脂100重量部に対して1〜10重量部程度の範囲が好適である。
【0018】
さらに、吸水性樹脂としては、ポリビニルアルコール、カルボキシメチルセルロース等を用いることができる。そして、その混合割合は、培地としての保水性を考慮すると、発泡フェノール樹脂100重量部に対して5〜10重量部程度の範囲が好適である。
【0019】
次に、本発明に係る人工培地Sは、発泡フェノール樹脂混合液を含浸した不織布マット状の繊維交絡体を、図1(a)に示すように、帯状に裁断して渦巻き状に緊密に巻回して略円柱状か、図1(b)に示すように、例えば3枚重ねて略四角形に打ち抜くか又は略四角形の打ち抜き品を積重して略立方体状に熱成形加工した後、発泡加工を施して成る。
【0020】
この場合、人工培地Sの大きさ・形状は、帯状の巾と巻回回数、一辺の長さと積重枚数、打ち抜き形状、発泡倍率等を変えることにより適宜調整することができる。
【0021】
次に、本発明の人工培地Sの使用方法の一例を図2に基づいて説明する。
図2(a)は水耕栽培、図2(b)はコンテナ栽培の使用例を示し、図2(a)において、人工培地Sは、上部に反射カバー材Bを設けた水耕栽培槽Aの内部適所に配置したマット台C上に、一部を肥料液Dに浸漬した吸水不織布シートEを介して載置したものである。なお、図中、Tは播種して発芽した苗である。
また、図2(b)において、人工培地Sは、コンテナポットP内に装填して、その一部に設けた凹部内に土壌Uで育苗された苗Tを装填したものである。
【0022】
【実施例】
(実施例1)
ジュート繊維100%をウェッブ形成装置(カード)にかけて、重量300g/m2 の繊維ウェッブを形成した。次に、上記繊維ウェブをニードルパンチ装置にかけて、両面に各々パンチ数50p/m2 ,打ち込み深さ15mmの加工を施して、厚み3mmに調整したニードルパンチ加工不織布を形成した。
【0023】
上記ニードルパンチ加工不織布を下記配合条件の混合液に含浸加工し、付着量180g/m2 になるようにマングルを調整し、発泡フェノール樹脂の発泡温度以下(100℃)にて乾燥して、繊維交絡シートを作製した。
【0024】
配合条件 重量部
発泡フェノール樹脂(水溶性フェノール樹脂+発泡剤) 100部
触媒 1部
吸水性樹脂(ポリビニルアルコール) 5部
植物炭化粉末(コカナダ藻炭化粉末) 5部
pH調整剤 少量

濃度 40%
【0025】
そして、上記繊維交絡シートを所定巾に裁断して、所定の大きさになるように渦巻状に巻回した後、発泡フェノール樹脂の発泡温度以上(150℃)にて発泡成型加工を施して、直径3.0cm×高さ2.0cmの円柱状の人工培地を作製した。
【0026】
(実施例2)
ジュート繊維100%をウェッブ形成装置(ランド)にかけて、重量300g/m2 の繊維ウェッブを形成した。次に、上記繊維ウェブをスパンレース装置にかけて、片面からウォータジェットパンチ加工を施して、目付300g/m2 ,厚み3mmに調整したニードルパンチ加工不織布を作製した。
【0027】
上記ニードルパンチ加工不織布を下記配合条件の混合液に含浸加工し、付着量を240g/m2 になるようにマングルを調整した後、発泡フェノール樹脂の発泡温度以下(100℃)にて乾燥して、繊維交絡シートを作製した。
【0028】
配合条件 重量部
発泡フェノール樹脂(水溶性フェノール樹脂+発泡剤) 100部
触媒 1部
吸水性樹脂(カルボキシメチルセルロース) 10部
植物炭化粉末 (竹炭) 1部
pH調整剤 少量

濃度 40%
【0029】
上記繊維交絡シートの複数枚(例:3枚)を積重して円形、四角形、多角形等所定形状に打ち抜いて、発泡フェノール樹脂の発泡温度以上(150℃)にて発泡成型加工を施して、縦5.0cm×横5.0cm×厚み5.0cmの立方体状の人工培地を作製した。
【0030】
次に、本発明品である実施例1の人工培地(直径3.0cm×高さ2.0cmの円柱状)と下記の比較品1,2,3及び従来品1,2を用いて、下記の保水性試験と吸水性試験を行ったところ、表1の結果を得た。
【0031】
比較品1:低融点生分解性繊維100%の繊維ウェブに植物炭化粉末を含有して、ニードルパンチ加工・熱融着処理を施したもの
比較品2:ジュート繊維50%と低融点生分解性繊維50%の混合繊維ウェブをニードルパンチ加工・熱融着処理を施したもの
比較品3:低融点生分解性繊維100%の繊維ウェブをニードルパンチ加工・熱融着処理を施したもの
従来品1:ロックウール培地(フェノール樹脂成型)
従来品2:椰子殻繊維培地(樹脂圧縮成型)
【0032】
吸水性試験:各試料を肥料養液に下端一部を浸漬して、10分間放置後の液の吸い上げ高さを測定した。
保水性試験:各試料に水を十分に吸収させて1分間吊るして、水を切った前後の重量を測定して、保水率(%)=(吸水後の重量/吸水前の重量)×100により求めた。
【0033】
【表1】

Figure 0004594502
【0034】
表1から明らかなように、本発明品は、低密度品であり、吸水性及び保水性が比較品1〜3及び従来品1,2に比較して優れていることが判明した。
【0035】
次に、本発明品と比較例品1〜3と従来品1,2とを用いて、水耕栽培試験とコンテナ栽培試験とを行ったところ、表2の結果を得た。なお、評価方法は、従来品1の生育状態を標準(4)にして、5段階評価によって行った。
水耕栽培試験:育苗トレーに充填された各種培地に播種(サラダナ)し10日間育苗後、水耕栽培槽の定植場所に移植して、20日間経過後の成育状態を比較した。
コンテナ栽培試験:各種培地を装填したコンテナポットに一般土壌で育苗された苗を装填して、約10〜20日間の成育状態を比較した。
【0036】
【表2】
Figure 0004594502
【0037】
表2の結果から明らかなように、本発明品は、水耕栽培及びコンテナ栽培のいづれにおいても比較品や従来品に比較して、成長が早く、苗が良く成育することが判明した。
【0038】
【発明の効果】
本発明によるときは、培地として優れた吸水性と保水性が確保され、吸水による形態変化がなく、植物活性の有効成分と酸素が長期間にわたって微細空隙から植物の根に供給されるから、発根・成育環境の安定性が維持でき、育苗・栽培期間が大幅に短縮できると共に、植物成育機能を低下することなく連続栽培(少なくとも2〜5年間繰返し使用)をすることができる。また、巻回又は積重された繊維交絡シートを一種の骨格材としたフェノール樹脂発泡成形体であるから、任意の大きさ・形状の立体形状に炭酸ガスを発生することなく軽量で安価なものを製造することができる。さらに、植物炭化粉末による微生物担持機能と、植物繊維と吸水性樹脂による吸水・保水機能とを有するから、使用済後は土壌に埋設するだけで、微生物が活発に活動して比較的短期間で炭酸ガスと水とに分解され、また簡単に粉砕でき、かつ生分解性能を有しているから、粉砕品を一般土壌に混入して一種のコンポスト化して再利用することができ、製品の完全リサイクル化を達成することができる。
【0039】
また、立体形状の樹脂発泡成形品であるから、軽量で、任意の大きさ・形状に加工できるから、一般家庭用植物栽培用コンテナポットの人工土壌や灌水マットとして利用でき、また苗ポットの形状にくり抜いてそのまま装填してもよく、さらに、植物の成長が早く生産性の高い植物工場や野菜工場の人工培地として使用することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】(a)(b)は人工培地の一実施の形態を夫々示す斜視図である。
【図2】本発明に係る人工培地の使用方法の一例を示し、(a)は水耕栽培、(b)はコンテナ栽培の使用状態を示す説明図である。
【符号の説明】
A・・・水耕栽培槽
B・・・反射カバー材
C・・・マット台
D・・・肥料液
E・・・吸水不織布シート
S・・・人工培地
T・・・苗
U・・・土壌[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an improvement of an artificial culture medium used as a hydroponic cultivation in a plant factory, a plant cultivation container for household use, a watering mat for a seedling pot or artificial soil.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as this kind of artificial culture medium, granular artificial soil is used in addition to sand and gravel. However, since this kind of artificial soil is granular, (1) it takes a lot of work to pack it into a seedling pot, and workability is poor, (2) it moves by water absorption, and the rooting and growth environment is not stable. (3) There is a problem in that the seedling period becomes longer, and (3) the rooting period tends to be lost when planting from the seedling pot, and the rooting period is prolonged.
[0003]
Accordingly, in order to solve the problems of the artificial soil, a mat-like rock wool medium has been developed. This rock wool medium is widely used because it has good water absorption and water retention, and there is no form change due to water absorption, and the rooting and growth environment is stable. However, rockwool medium consumes a large amount of heat for dissolution of rock wool (basalt) during production, and releases a large amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, contributing to air pollution. There is a problem that even after disposal after use, it does not decompose in the soil.
[0004]
In recent years, in order to solve the problem of rock wool medium, various types using plant fibers have been developed. However, there are the following problems.
For example, a medium in which coconut shell fibers are resin-molded requires labor and time to clean and mold the fibers, and the fiber diameter is large. Not suitable for nursery pots and irrigation mats.
[0005]
In addition, a nonwoven fabric sheet (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-181629) in which jute fibers and coir fibers are mixed has water absorption, but is not suitable for irrigation mats and the like due to poor water retention.
[0006]
Furthermore, a fabric (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-248511) that uses biodegradable fibers to bind the main fibers is a sheet, and when used as a culture medium, it moves due to water retention and water absorption. Not only is the root / growth environment unstable, but the plant does not contain active ingredients for plant activity, so the cultivation period tends to be longer.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has no morphological change due to water absorption and maintains a constant rooting / growth environment, while improving water retention and water absorption over rock wool medium, and holding active ingredients of plant activity for a long period of time, It is an object of the present invention to provide an environmentally friendly artificial medium that can greatly shorten the raising seedling and cultivation period, can be repeatedly used, and can be formed into an arbitrary size and shape at a low cost.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The artificial medium according to the present invention is a phenolic resin foam molded body having a wound or stacked fiber entangled sheet as a skeleton, the fiber entangled sheet is composed of plant fibers, and plant carbonized powder and water absorption are added to the plant fibers. It is formed by adhering to a functional resin.
[0009]
According to this means, excellent water absorption and water retention as a medium are ensured, plant active ingredients and oxygen are supplied to the root of the plant from a fine space over a long period of time, and the seedling and cultivation period is greatly shortened. At the same time, continuous cultivation (repeated use for at least 2 to 5 years) becomes possible without deteriorating the plant growth function. Further, there is no change in form due to water absorption, the stability of rooting / growth environment is maintained, and an arbitrary three-dimensional shape is formed at low cost without generating carbon dioxide gas. Furthermore, just by burying it in the soil after use, the microorganisms are actively activated by the function of supporting microorganisms by the carbonized plant powder and the function of water absorption and water retention by the plant fibers and the water-absorbent resin. And water.
[0010]
In the present invention, the proportion of the plant fiber in the phenol resin foam molded article is preferably in the range of 50 to 70% by weight. When the proportion of the plant fiber is less than 50% by weight, the number of fibers filled is reduced, and the resin becomes brittle by thermoforming, so that the handleability tends to be lowered. Lowering the moldability and making the high-density medium difficult to form, not only changes in form due to water absorption, but also makes it easy for plant carbonized powder and water absorbent resin to flow out of the medium, raising seedlings and cultivation This is because the period becomes longer and continuous cultivation becomes difficult.
By the way, in the present invention, the phenol resin is used because it can impart shape retention and rigidity as an artificial medium, and can easily obtain a foamed molded article, and is inexpensive and compositionally environmentally friendly. It is.
[0011]
Further, the apparent density of the expanded molded article, preferably in the range of 0.05~0.30g / cm 3, water retention is reduced to be less than 0.05 g / cm 3, exceeds 0.30 g / cm 3 This is because the porosity is lowered, the growth of roots is deteriorated, and the growth failure due to insufficient oxygen supply is likely to occur.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0013]
The fiber entangled body used in the present invention is a fiber web made of 100% plant fiber that has been previously treated with an oil agent to remove impurities and impart smoothness to a needle punch method, a water jet punch method, a spun lace method, etc. Are entangled by an appropriately selected entanglement means and formed into a nonwoven fabric sheet. By the way, although jute, palm, cotton, etc. can be used as said plant fiber, when the point of uniform sheet formation and cost is considered, a jute fiber is especially preferable.
[0014]
The phenol resin mixture used in the present invention is a mixture of a plant carbonized powder and a water-absorbent resin mixed with a phenol resin containing a foaming agent and imparting foaming performance (hereinafter referred to as foamed phenol resin). .
[0015]
As a material for the carbonized plant powder, it is preferable to use cocanada algae, which is a kind of aquatic plants, or a fast-growing bamboo carbide. This is because these carbides absorb various components in water and soil and contain a large amount of plant active active ingredients such as minerals and inorganic substances. On the other hand, carbides of processed products such as paper and plant fibers are not preferable because there are few plant active active ingredients.
[0016]
In this case, the plant carbonized powder is preferably a fine powder in order to uniformly disperse and adhere, but the particle diameter is particularly limited as long as it can be impregnated in consideration of grinding costs. is not. Further, as the carbide, it is preferable that it is carbonized at a high temperature, but in view of cost, a carbonized at around 600 ° C. is preferable. This is because, when carbonized at a low temperature of 400 ° C. or lower, it is difficult to obtain a fine porous structure, oxygen becomes insufficient, and plant growth tends to be delayed.
[0017]
In addition, the mixing ratio of the carbonized plant powder is preferably in the range of about 1 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the foamed phenol resin in consideration of the plant activity effect, dropout, and the like.
[0018]
Furthermore, as the water absorbent resin, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, or the like can be used. The mixing ratio is preferably in the range of about 5 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the foamed phenol resin in consideration of water retention as a medium.
[0019]
Next, in the artificial medium S according to the present invention, the nonwoven fabric mat-like fiber entangled body impregnated with the foamed phenol resin mixture is cut into a strip shape and tightly wound in a spiral shape as shown in FIG. Turn to approximately cylindrical shape, or as shown in FIG. 1 (b), for example, three sheets are stacked and punched into a substantially square shape, or a substantially rectangular shape is stacked and thermoformed into a substantially cubic shape, and then foamed. It is made by applying.
[0020]
In this case, the size and shape of the artificial medium S can be appropriately adjusted by changing the width of the belt and the number of windings, the length of one side and the number of stacked sheets, the punching shape, the expansion ratio, and the like.
[0021]
Next, an example of how to use the artificial medium S of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
2A shows an example of use in hydroponics, and FIG. 2B shows an example of use in container cultivation. In FIG. 2A, the artificial medium S is a hydroponics tank A provided with a reflective cover material B on the top. Is placed on a mat base C placed in a proper position through a water-absorbing nonwoven fabric sheet E that is partially immersed in the fertilizer liquid D. In the figure, T is a seedling that has been sown and germinated.
Moreover, in FIG.2 (b), the artificial culture medium S is loaded in the container pot P, and the seedling T raised by the soil U is loaded in the recessed part provided in the part.
[0022]
【Example】
Example 1
100% of jute fiber was applied to a web forming apparatus (card) to form a fiber web having a weight of 300 g / m 2 . Next, the fiber web was subjected to a needle punching device, and processing was performed on both sides with a punch number of 50 p / m 2 and a driving depth of 15 mm to form a needle punched nonwoven fabric adjusted to a thickness of 3 mm.
[0023]
The needle punched non-woven fabric is impregnated into a mixed solution having the following blending conditions, the mangle is adjusted so that the adhesion amount is 180 g / m 2, and dried at a temperature lower than the foaming temperature of the foamed phenol resin (100 ° C.). A entangled sheet was prepared.
[0024]
Compounding conditions Part by weight Foamed phenolic resin (water-soluble phenolic resin + foaming agent) 100 parts Catalyst 1 part Water-absorbing resin (polyvinyl alcohol) 5 parts Plant carbonized powder (Cocanada alga carbonized powder) 5 parts pH adjuster Small amount of water concentration 40%
[0025]
And after cutting the fiber entangled sheet into a predetermined width and winding it in a spiral shape to give a predetermined size, subjected to a foam molding process at a temperature equal to or higher than the foaming temperature of the foamed phenol resin (150 ° C.), A cylindrical artificial medium having a diameter of 3.0 cm and a height of 2.0 cm was prepared.
[0026]
(Example 2)
A 100% jute fiber was applied to a web forming apparatus (land) to form a fiber web having a weight of 300 g / m 2 . Next, the fiber web was subjected to a spun lace apparatus, and water jet punching was performed from one side to prepare a needle punched nonwoven fabric adjusted to a basis weight of 300 g / m 2 and a thickness of 3 mm.
[0027]
The needle punched non-woven fabric is impregnated into a mixed solution having the following blending conditions, and the mangle is adjusted so that the adhesion amount is 240 g / m 2, and then dried at a temperature lower than the foaming temperature of the foamed phenol resin (100 ° C.). A fiber entangled sheet was prepared.
[0028]
Compounding conditions Part by weight Foamed phenol resin (water-soluble phenolic resin + foaming agent) 100 parts Catalyst 1 part Water-absorbing resin (carboxymethylcellulose) 10 parts Plant carbonized powder (bamboo charcoal) 1 part pH adjuster Small amount of water concentration 40%
[0029]
A plurality of the above fiber entangled sheets (for example, 3 sheets) are stacked and punched into a predetermined shape such as a circle, a rectangle, a polygon, etc., and subjected to a foam molding process at a temperature equal to or higher than the foaming temperature of the foamed phenol resin (150 ° C.). A cubic artificial medium having a length of 5.0 cm, a width of 5.0 cm, and a thickness of 5.0 cm was prepared.
[0030]
Next, using the artificial medium of Example 1 which is the product of the present invention (column shape of diameter 3.0 cm × height 2.0 cm), the following comparative products 1, 2, 3 and the conventional products 1, 2, When the water retention test and the water absorption test were conducted, the results shown in Table 1 were obtained.
[0031]
Comparative product 1: 100% low-melting biodegradable fiber web containing plant carbonized powder and subjected to needle punching and heat-sealing treatment Comparative product 2: 50% jute fiber and low-melting biodegradability Comparison product: mixed fiber web of 50% fiber subjected to needle punching and heat-sealing treatment Comparative product 3: fiber web of 100% low melting point biodegradable fiber subjected to needle punching and heat-sealing treatment Conventional product 1: Rock wool medium (phenol resin molding)
Conventional product 2: Eggplant fiber culture medium (resin compression molding)
[0032]
Water absorption test: Each sample was dipped in a fertilizer nutrient solution, and the suction height of the solution after standing for 10 minutes was measured.
Water retention test: Each sample was sufficiently absorbed with water and suspended for 1 minute, and the weight before and after the water was cut off was measured. Water retention rate (%) = (weight after water absorption / weight before water absorption) × 100 Determined by
[0033]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004594502
[0034]
As is apparent from Table 1, the product of the present invention was a low-density product, and it was found that the water absorption and water retention were superior to those of Comparative Products 1 to 3 and Conventional Products 1 and 2.
[0035]
Next, when the hydroponics cultivation test and the container cultivation test were performed using this invention product, comparative products 1-3 and the conventional products 1, 2, the result of Table 2 was obtained. In addition, the evaluation method was performed by 5-step evaluation with the growth state of the conventional product 1 as the standard (4).
Hydroponic cultivation test: seeded (saladana) in various media filled in a seedling tray, raised for 10 days, transplanted to a fixed planting place in a hydroponic cultivation tank, and compared the growth state after 20 days.
Container cultivation test: A seedling grown in general soil was loaded into a container pot filled with various media, and the growth state of about 10 to 20 days was compared.
[0036]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004594502
[0037]
As is clear from the results in Table 2, it was found that the product of the present invention grew faster and the seedlings grew well in comparison with the comparative product and the conventional product in both hydroponics and container cultivation.
[0038]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, excellent water absorption and water retention are ensured as a medium, there is no change in form due to water absorption, and the active ingredients of plant activity and oxygen are supplied to the roots of plants from fine voids over a long period of time. The stability of the root / growth environment can be maintained, the seedling / cultivation period can be greatly shortened, and continuous cultivation (repeated use for at least 2 to 5 years) can be performed without deteriorating the plant growth function. In addition, because it is a phenolic resin foam molded body using a wound or stacked fiber entangled sheet as a kind of skeleton material, it is lightweight and inexpensive without generating carbon dioxide gas in a three-dimensional shape of any size and shape Can be manufactured. In addition, it has a function of supporting microorganisms with plant carbonized powder and a function of absorbing and retaining water with plant fibers and water-absorbing resin. Since it is decomposed into carbon dioxide and water, can be easily pulverized, and has biodegradability, the pulverized product can be mixed into general soil and converted into a kind of compost for reuse. Recycling can be achieved.
[0039]
In addition, since it is a three-dimensional resin foam molded product, it is lightweight and can be processed into any size and shape, so it can be used as artificial soil and irrigation mats for container pots for general household plant cultivation, and the shape of the seedling pot It may be hollowed out and loaded as it is, and further, it can be used as an artificial medium for plant factories and vegetable factories where plant growth is fast and productivity is high.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIGS. 1A and 1B are perspective views showing one embodiment of an artificial medium, respectively.
FIG. 2 shows an example of a method for using an artificial medium according to the present invention, where (a) is a hydroponic culture, and (b) is an explanatory diagram showing a usage state of container culture.
[Explanation of symbols]
A ... Hydroponic cultivation tank B ... Reflective cover material C ... Mat stand D ... Fertilizer solution E ... Absorbent nonwoven sheet S ... Artificial medium T ... Seedling U ... Soil

Claims (3)

巻回又は積重された繊維交絡シートを骨格としたフェノール樹脂発泡成形体であり、上記繊維交絡シートが植物繊維から成り、かつ植物繊維に植物炭化粉末と吸水性樹脂とが固着されたことを特徴とする人工培地。  It is a phenolic resin foam molded article having a wound or stacked fiber entangled sheet as a skeleton. A featured artificial medium. フェノール樹脂発泡成形体における植物繊維の割合が、50〜70重量%である請求項1に記載の人工培地。  The artificial medium according to claim 1, wherein the proportion of plant fibers in the phenolic resin foam molded article is 50 to 70% by weight. 見掛け密度が、0.05〜0.30g/cm3 である請求項1に記載の人工培地。The artificial medium according to claim 1, wherein the apparent density is 0.05 to 0.30 g / cm 3 .
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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5245635U (en) * 1975-09-25 1977-03-31
JPH04179419A (en) * 1990-11-15 1992-06-26 Nippon Steel Chem Co Ltd Method for raising seedling of plant
JPH04299921A (en) * 1991-03-26 1992-10-23 Toray Ind Inc Device of medium and method for cultivating plant
JPH06181629A (en) * 1992-12-16 1994-07-05 Koizumi Seima Kk Artificial culture medium for plant
JPH06256558A (en) * 1993-03-03 1994-09-13 Achilles Corp Biodegradable foam
JPH11137075A (en) * 1997-11-13 1999-05-25 Matsumura Aqua Kk Artificial soil for cultivation
JP2000041480A (en) * 1998-07-31 2000-02-15 Kao Corp Plant supporting material

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5245635U (en) * 1975-09-25 1977-03-31
JPH04179419A (en) * 1990-11-15 1992-06-26 Nippon Steel Chem Co Ltd Method for raising seedling of plant
JPH04299921A (en) * 1991-03-26 1992-10-23 Toray Ind Inc Device of medium and method for cultivating plant
JPH06181629A (en) * 1992-12-16 1994-07-05 Koizumi Seima Kk Artificial culture medium for plant
JPH06256558A (en) * 1993-03-03 1994-09-13 Achilles Corp Biodegradable foam
JPH11137075A (en) * 1997-11-13 1999-05-25 Matsumura Aqua Kk Artificial soil for cultivation
JP2000041480A (en) * 1998-07-31 2000-02-15 Kao Corp Plant supporting material

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