JPH04299921A - Device of medium and method for cultivating plant - Google Patents
Device of medium and method for cultivating plantInfo
- Publication number
- JPH04299921A JPH04299921A JP3061797A JP6179791A JPH04299921A JP H04299921 A JPH04299921 A JP H04299921A JP 3061797 A JP3061797 A JP 3061797A JP 6179791 A JP6179791 A JP 6179791A JP H04299921 A JPH04299921 A JP H04299921A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- plant
- membrane
- medium
- plant cultivation
- plants
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 31
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 11
- 244000195452 Wasabia japonica Species 0.000 description 8
- 235000000760 Wasabia japonica Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000733302 Lysichiton Species 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003986 novolac Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y02P60/216—
Landscapes
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Hydroponics (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】0001
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、成育にきれいな水を必
要とする植物のための栽培装置もしくは栽培地および栽
培方法に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a cultivation device or a cultivation site, and a cultivation method for plants that require clean water for growth.
【０００２】0002
【従来の技術】育成に際し、きれいな水を必要とする植
物に山葵、水芭蕉などがある。これらの植物の栽培可能
な場所は、山からの清冽な湧き水が得られる所などに限
られ、そのため、これらの植物は高価なものであった。[Prior Art] Plants that require clean water to grow include wasabi and skunk cabbage. The places where these plants could be grown were limited to places where clear spring water from the mountains could be obtained, and as a result, these plants were expensive.
【０００３】上述の問題点を改善する目的で、ゼオライ
トを培土中に含有せしめ、水溶液中に含まれる汚れ成分
をゼオライトに吸着させ、水の浄化を図ることにより植
物の成長を促進しようという試みがある。しかしながら
、この方法において、ゼオライトは供給される水に含ま
れる汚れ成分を常時吸着することになるので、ゼオライ
ト吸着能力は経時的に劣化し、植物の育成環境が時間の
経過とともに劣化することは不可避であった。また、一
般にゼオライトは粒子径に対する吸着選択性が高すぎて
、吸着物質が特定の大きさの物質にのみ限定されてしま
うといった困難があった。[0003] In order to improve the above-mentioned problems, an attempt has been made to promote plant growth by incorporating zeolite into the soil and allowing the zeolite to adsorb the dirt components contained in the aqueous solution, thereby purifying the water. be. However, in this method, zeolite constantly adsorbs dirt components contained in the supplied water, so the zeolite adsorption ability deteriorates over time, and it is inevitable that the plant growing environment will deteriorate over time. Met. In addition, zeolites generally have too high adsorption selectivity with respect to particle size, resulting in the difficulty that adsorbed substances are limited to substances of a specific size.
【０００４】あるいはまた、特開昭６１−１３２１２３
号公報には、イオン交換槽により、水を浄化する方法が
開示されている。この方法によれば、浄化された水は得
られるもののモジュール装置が大がかりなものとなり設
備の保守が大変なため、装置のランニングコストが高く
つくという欠点があった。また苗の移送時に苗が汚染さ
れ、苗の歩止まり率が低下しがちであるという欠点があ
った。[0004] Alternatively, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-132123
The publication discloses a method for purifying water using an ion exchange tank. According to this method, although purified water can be obtained, the module device is large-scale and the maintenance of the equipment is difficult, so the running cost of the device is high. Another disadvantage is that the seedlings are contaminated during transportation, which tends to reduce the yield rate of the seedlings.
【０００５】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明の目的は、かか
る従来技術の問題点を解決せんとするものであり、濾過
性能の経時的劣化が実質的に皆無でありながら、苗の移
送を簡便に行うことができる植物の育成に好適な栽培装
置、もしくは栽培地および栽培方法を提供することにあ
る。[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] It is an object of the present invention to solve the problems of the prior art, and to provide a method for easily transporting seedlings while virtually causing no deterioration of filtration performance over time. An object of the present invention is to provide a cultivation device, a cultivation site, and a cultivation method suitable for growing plants.
【０００６】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】かかる目的に対し、本発
明者は、長年に亘り鋭意検討した結果、ついに本発明に
到達した。その骨子は次の通りである。[Means for Solving the Problems] To achieve this purpose, the present inventor has finally arrived at the present invention after many years of intensive study. The outline is as follows.
【０００７】すなわち、植物を保持する培地が選択的透
過性を有する膜状物により囲まれてなることを特徴とす
る植物の栽培装置である。That is, the apparatus for cultivating plants is characterized in that a medium for holding plants is surrounded by a membrane-like material having selective permeability.
【０００８】また、かかる本発明の植物の栽培装置にお
いて、好ましくは、選択的透過性を有する膜状物が実質
的に粒径１μｍ以上の粒子を通過させないものであるこ
とを特徴とする植物の栽培装置である。あるいはまた好
ましくは、選択的透過性を有する膜状物が実質的に粒径
１００ｎｍ以上の粒子を通過させないものであることを
特徴とする植物の栽培装置である。あるいはまた好まし
くは、選択的透過性を有する膜状物が実質的に粒径１０
ｎｍ以上の粒子を通過させないものであることを特徴と
する植物の栽培装置である。[0008] Furthermore, in the plant cultivation apparatus of the present invention, preferably, the membrane material having selective permeability substantially does not allow particles having a particle size of 1 μm or more to pass through. It is a cultivation device. Alternatively, preferably, the plant cultivation device is characterized in that the membrane material having selective permeability substantially does not allow particles having a particle size of 100 nm or more to pass through. Alternatively, preferably, the selectively permeable membrane has a particle size of substantially 10
This is a plant cultivation device characterized in that it does not allow particles of nm or larger to pass through.
【０００９】あるいはまた、好ましくは、これら本発明
の植物の栽培装置において、培地の少なくとも一部がフ
ェノール樹脂発泡体により構成されることを特徴とする
もの、あるいは、培地の少なくとも一部が、フェノール
樹脂発泡体とゼオライトにより構成されることを特徴と
するもの、あるいはまた、培地の少なくとも一部が、フ
ェノール樹脂発泡体とゼオライトと活性炭により構成さ
れることを特徴とするものである。Alternatively, preferably, in the plant cultivation apparatus of the present invention, at least a part of the medium is composed of a phenol resin foam, or at least a part of the medium is preferably composed of a phenol resin foam. It is characterized in that it is composed of a resin foam and zeolite, or it is characterized in that at least a part of the culture medium is composed of a phenolic resin foam, zeolite, and activated carbon.
【００１０】また、本発明の植物の栽培地は、植物の培
地が選択的透過性を有する膜状物により囲まれてなるこ
とを特徴とする植物の栽培地である。[0010] Furthermore, the plant cultivation area of the present invention is characterized in that the plant medium is surrounded by a membrane-like material having selective permeability.
【００１１】また、本発明の植物の栽培方法は、選択的
透過性を有する膜状物を透過した水を栽培水に用いるこ
とを特徴とする植物の栽培方法である。[0011] Furthermore, the method for cultivating plants of the present invention is characterized in that water that has passed through a selectively permeable membrane material is used as cultivation water.
【００１２】0012
【作用】以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。[Operation] The present invention will be explained in detail below.
【００１３】本発明における最大の特徴は、選択的透過
性を有する膜を利用することによって、植物に好ましく
ない成分が植物に吸収されることを効果的に防止する点
にある。The greatest feature of the present invention is that by utilizing a selectively permeable membrane, components that are undesirable for plants are effectively prevented from being absorbed by the plants.
【００１４】本発明において、膜状物の構造形態に制限
は特にない。水分が膜外部より、植物の存在する膜内部
へ通過する際に望ましくない異物が膜内部の側へ実質的
に通過しなければどのような形態のものであっても構わ
ない。例えば図１に示すような、植木鉢形態のものを好
ましく使用できる。言うまでもなく、このときに上の口
は必ずしも、解放された形態になっていなくてもよく、
植物の茎まわりをぴっちり覆うような形態であっても構
わない。膜を隔てて、植物側の圧と外側の圧力に大きな
差異はないために、膜が目詰まりをおこし、性能劣化を
おこすことは実質的に皆無である。もちろん、膜状物内
部の培土に植物の育成に好ましい栄養分を予め含有させ
たり、育成過程で養分を補給してやることは好ましいこ
とである。また、本発明にかかる膜状物を複数重ね合わ
せて使用できることは言うまでもない。[0014] In the present invention, there are no particular limitations on the structural form of the film-like material. Any form may be used as long as undesirable foreign substances do not substantially pass into the membrane when water passes from the outside of the membrane to the inside of the membrane where plants are present. For example, a flowerpot-shaped container as shown in FIG. 1 can be preferably used. Needless to say, the upper mouth does not necessarily have to be in an open position at this time.
It may be in a form that tightly covers the stem of the plant. Since there is no large difference between the pressure on the plant side and the pressure on the outside across the membrane, there is virtually no chance of membrane clogging and performance deterioration. Of course, it is preferable to pre-contain nutrients preferable for growing plants in the culture soil inside the membrane, or to supply nutrients during the growing process. Moreover, it goes without saying that a plurality of film-like materials according to the present invention can be used in a stacked manner.
【００１５】植物の育成に当たっては、一ないし複数の
植物を一つの膜状構造物内に保持しておけば、植物を痛
めることなく植物の運搬・移送を行うことが可能である
。この点は、イオン交換槽を用いた育成法からは到底得
ることのできない大きな長所である。[0015] When growing plants, if one or more plants are held within one membrane-like structure, it is possible to transport and transport the plants without damaging them. This point is a major advantage that cannot be obtained from a growth method using an ion exchange tank.
【００１６】本発明において使用する膜の種類に特別な
限定はされない。要は植物育成にあたり、好ましくない
成分を効果的に除去できる多孔質膜であればよいのであ
る。膜の素材に特別な限定はない。ポリテトラフルオロ
エチレン、ポリカーボネート、酢酸セルロースなどの公
知の材料を用いることができる。選択的透過性を付与す
るにあたっても延伸、電子線、放射線による孔あけ、溶
媒へ浸すことにより、厚み方向に対しての粗密の変化を
持たせるなどの公知の方法を用いることができる。[0016] There are no particular limitations on the type of membrane used in the present invention. In short, any porous membrane that can effectively remove undesirable components for growing plants is sufficient. There are no particular limitations on the material of the membrane. Known materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene, polycarbonate, and cellulose acetate can be used. To impart selective permeability, known methods can be used, such as stretching, perforation with an electron beam or radiation, or immersion in a solvent to create a change in density in the thickness direction.
【００１７】膜にあける孔の大きさに特別な限定はない
が、実質的に粒径１μｍ以上の粒子を通過させないもの
であることが好ましい。より好ましくは、実質的に粒径
１００ｎｍ以上の粒子を通過させない膜状物であり、さ
らに好ましくは、実質的に粒径１０ｎｍ以上の粒子を通
過させないものである。孔の大きさを小さくすれば、も
ちろん選択性能は向上するが、コスト的に高くなり、水
の循環効率も悪くなるため、植物の種類、育成環境に応
じて孔の大きさを選択することが好ましい。[0017] There is no particular limitation on the size of the pores formed in the membrane, but it is preferable that they do not substantially allow particles with a particle size of 1 μm or more to pass through. More preferably, it is a film-like material that substantially does not allow particles with a particle size of 100 nm or more to pass through, and even more preferably, it substantially does not allow particles with a particle size of 10 nm or more to pass through. Of course, reducing the pore size will improve selection performance, but it will also increase cost and reduce water circulation efficiency, so it is important to select the pore size depending on the type of plant and growing environment. preferable.
【００１８】本発明は、選択的透過性を有する膜を使用
することで、従来には無い良好な育成環境を得ることが
できるものであるが、より清浄な環境を得るには、膜状
物容器内の培土として予め汚染物質を含まないものを使
用することが好ましい。培土として、オートクレーブス
チーム処理した土壌などを用いることもできるが、殺菌
処理を施す手間を省く目的で、保水性の高いゼオライト
、フェノール発泡体、活性炭などを組み合わせて、ある
いはまた単独で使用することは好ましいことである。
これらの材料を使用することによって栄養素を効果的に
保持させることが可能となる。連続気泡を多く含む、フ
ェノール樹脂発泡体の製造方法については、例えば、米
国特許第２７５３２７７号明細書、あるいは特開昭５８
−７６４３２号公報に開示されているような公知の方法
に従えば良い。[0018] The present invention uses a selectively permeable membrane to provide a favorable growth environment that was not available in the past. However, in order to obtain a cleaner environment, it is necessary to It is preferable to use soil that does not contain contaminants in advance as the soil in the container. Autoclave steam-treated soil can be used as culture soil, but in order to avoid the hassle of sterilization, it is not recommended to use zeolite, phenol foam, activated carbon, etc., which have high water retention properties, in combination or alone. This is desirable. By using these materials, nutrients can be effectively retained. For a method for manufacturing a phenolic resin foam containing many open cells, see, for example, U.S. Pat.
A known method such as that disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 76432 may be followed.
【００１９】上述した如き選択的透過性を有する膜状物
によって植物を保持する培地を囲むことにより、本発明
にかかる植物の栽培装置あるいは栽培地が提供されるも
のである。The plant cultivation apparatus or cultivation area according to the present invention is provided by surrounding a medium for holding plants with a membrane material having selective permeability as described above.
【００２０】[0020]
【実施例】以下、実施例を用いて本発明を更に詳細に説
明するが、本発明の有効性や権利の範囲はこれによって
限定されたり、制限を受けるものではない。EXAMPLES The present invention will be explained in more detail below using examples, but the validity and scope of rights of the present invention are not limited or restricted thereby.
【００２１】実施例１東レ株式会社製の非対称複合膜Ｐ
ＥＣ−１０００を用い、図１のごとき形状となるように
形成した。容器の内壁側が目の細かい側である。Example 1 Asymmetric composite membrane P manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.
Using EC-1000, it was formed into the shape shown in FIG. The inner wall side of the container is the fine-mesh side.
【００２２】かかる膜状物容器１を用いて、かつ、その
中に入れる培土３としては、ゼオライト、活性炭、ノボ
ラック型フェノール樹脂発泡体の粉砕物を、重量比で、
７：２：１の比で混合したものを使用した。[0022] Using such a membrane-like material container 1, and as the culture soil 3 to be placed therein, pulverized products of zeolite, activated carbon, and novolak type phenolic resin foam are used in a weight ratio of
A mixture in a ratio of 7:2:1 was used.
【００２３】図２に示すごとく、該培土３に山葵の苗２
を固定し、通常の山葵の成育条件下で山葵の栽培を行っ
た。４は一般土壌、５は水である。育成時の水温は１５
℃である。As shown in FIG. 2, wasabi seedlings 2 were planted in the soil 3.
were fixed and cultivated wasabi under normal wasabi growth conditions. 4 is general soil and 5 is water. The water temperature during cultivation is 15
It is ℃.
【００２４】このようにして行った山葵の発育は、従来
法によるものと比較した場合、はるかに良好であり病気
に犯されることもなかった。また、山葵の風味・味覚も
非常に優れたものであった。また山葵を育成容器ごと移
動させることも問題なく容易に行うことができた。[0024] The growth of wasabi produced in this manner was much better and free from diseases when compared with that produced by conventional methods. In addition, the flavor and taste of wasabi were also very excellent. Furthermore, it was possible to easily move the wasabi together with the growing container without any problems.
【００２５】[0025]
【発明の効果】本発明にかかる植物の育成装置、育生方
法を用いることにより、優れた品質の植物を速やかに、
かつ高い歩止まり率で育成することが可能となる。また
苗の運搬、移送も容易に行えるという特徴を有する。[Effect of the invention] By using the plant growing device and growing method according to the present invention, plants of excellent quality can be quickly grown.
It also becomes possible to grow at a high yield rate. It also has the characteristic that seedlings can be easily transported and transported.
【図１】本発明の一実施態様を示す概略斜視図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing one embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】本発明にかかる装置を用いた植物の一育成例の
横断面図である。FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an example of growing plants using the apparatus according to the present invention.
１：膜状物容器 ２：山葵の苗 ３：培土 ４：一般土壌 ５：水 1: Film container 2: Wasabi seedlings 3: Cultivating soil 4: General soil 5: Water
Claims (9)
る膜状物により囲まれてなることを特徴とする植物の栽
培装置。1. A plant cultivation device characterized in that a medium for holding plants is surrounded by a membrane-like material having selective permeability.
粒径１μｍ以上の粒子を通過させないものであることを
特徴とする請求項１記載の植物の栽培装置。2. The plant cultivation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the membrane material having selective permeability substantially does not allow particles having a particle size of 1 μm or more to pass through.
粒径１００ｎｍ以上の粒子を通過させないものであるこ
とを特徴とする請求項１記載の植物の栽培装置。3. The plant cultivation device according to claim 1, wherein the membrane material having selective permeability substantially does not allow particles having a particle size of 100 nm or more to pass through.
粒径１０ｎｍ以上の粒子を通過させないものであること
を特徴とする請求項１記載の植物の栽培装置。4. The plant cultivation device according to claim 1, wherein the membrane material having selective permeability substantially does not allow particles having a particle size of 10 nm or more to pass through.
発泡体により構成されることを特徴とする請求項１、２
、３または４記載の植物の栽培装置。5. Claims 1 and 2, wherein at least a portion of the medium is composed of a phenolic resin foam.
, 3 or 4. The plant cultivation device according to .
発泡体とゼオライトにより構成されることを特徴とする
請求項１、２、３または４記載の植物の栽培装置。6. The plant cultivation device according to claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the medium is composed of a phenolic resin foam and zeolite.
発泡体とゼオライトと活性炭により構成されることを特
徴とする請求項１、２、３または４記載の植物の栽培装
置。7. The plant cultivation device according to claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the medium is composed of a phenolic resin foam, zeolite, and activated carbon.
により囲まれてなることを特徴とする植物の栽培地。8. A plant cultivation area, characterized in that the plant medium is surrounded by a membrane-like material having selective permeability.
を栽培水に用いることを特徴とする植物の栽培方法。9. A method for cultivating plants, characterized in that water that has passed through a selectively permeable membrane material is used as cultivation water.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3061797A JPH04299921A (en) | 1991-03-26 | 1991-03-26 | Device of medium and method for cultivating plant |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3061797A JPH04299921A (en) | 1991-03-26 | 1991-03-26 | Device of medium and method for cultivating plant |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH04299921A true JPH04299921A (en) | 1992-10-23 |
Family
ID=13181456
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3061797A Pending JPH04299921A (en) | 1991-03-26 | 1991-03-26 | Device of medium and method for cultivating plant |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH04299921A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002065055A (en) * | 2000-08-31 | 2002-03-05 | Kanai Hiroaki | Artificial culture medium |
-
1991
- 1991-03-26 JP JP3061797A patent/JPH04299921A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002065055A (en) * | 2000-08-31 | 2002-03-05 | Kanai Hiroaki | Artificial culture medium |
| JP4594502B2 (en) * | 2000-08-31 | 2010-12-08 | 金井 宏彰 | Artificial medium |
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