JP4317878B2 - Air conditioner and method for judging refrigerant amount - Google Patents

Air conditioner and method for judging refrigerant amount Download PDF

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JP4317878B2
JP4317878B2 JP2007000303A JP2007000303A JP4317878B2 JP 4317878 B2 JP4317878 B2 JP 4317878B2 JP 2007000303 A JP2007000303 A JP 2007000303A JP 2007000303 A JP2007000303 A JP 2007000303A JP 4317878 B2 JP4317878 B2 JP 4317878B2
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refrigerant
indoor
amount
expansion device
outdoor
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JP2008164265A (en
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川口博之
永松信一郎
伏見直之
浦田和幹
遠藤剛
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Hitachi Appliances Inc
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Hitachi Appliances Inc
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/005—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices of safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
    • F25B2313/023—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple indoor units
    • F25B2313/0233—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple indoor units in parallel arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
    • F25B2313/027—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means
    • F25B2313/02741—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means using one four-way valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/19—Calculation of parameters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/22—Preventing, detecting or repairing leaks of refrigeration fluids
    • F25B2500/222—Detecting refrigerant leaks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/04—Refrigerant level
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2106—Temperatures of fresh outdoor air

Description

本発明は、空気調和機内に充填されている冷媒量の適否を判定できるようにした空気調和機及びその冷媒量判定方法に関し、特に、空気調和機設置後において適正な冷媒量が封入されているか、或いは冷媒の漏れはないかを判定することができるようにしたものである。   The present invention relates to an air conditioner and a method for determining the amount of refrigerant that can determine the suitability of the amount of refrigerant charged in an air conditioner, and in particular, whether an appropriate amount of refrigerant is sealed after the air conditioner is installed. Alternatively, it is possible to determine whether or not there is a refrigerant leak.

室外機と室内機を有する空気調和機の中でも特に室内機を複数台接続するセパレートタイプの空気調和機の場合、室内機と室外機の設置条件が多岐にわたることから空気調和機に必要な冷媒を全て室外機に充填した状態で出荷することは困難である。このため、室外機に所定量の冷媒を充填し、現地施工時に必要な冷媒を追加封入する必要がある。   Among the air conditioners that have outdoor units and indoor units, especially in the case of a separate type air conditioner that connects multiple indoor units, the installation conditions for the indoor units and outdoor units are diverse. It is difficult to ship all of them filled in the outdoor unit. For this reason, it is necessary to fill the outdoor unit with a predetermined amount of refrigerant, and additionally enclose the refrigerant necessary for local construction.

これに対し、特許文献１に記載のもののように、現地施工後の試運転時に、室外機の冷媒量調節器（受液器）と室内機の間に副流部を備えた過冷却熱交換器の主流部を配置し、この主流部出口側の冷媒過冷却度により空気調和機（冷凍サイクル）内の冷媒量の適否を判定するようにしたものがある。   On the other hand, like the thing of patent document 1, the subcooling heat exchanger provided with the subflow part between the refrigerant | coolant amount regulator (liquid receiver) of the outdoor unit and the indoor unit at the time of the test run after field construction The main flow part is arranged, and the suitability of the refrigerant amount in the air conditioner (refrigeration cycle) is determined based on the refrigerant supercooling degree on the outlet side of the main flow part.

特開２００５−１１４１８４号公報JP 2005-114184 A

上記特許文献１のものでは、試運転時に冷媒量判定運転を実施することにより空気調和機に接続された室内機を全て冷房運転し、冷凍サイクルの状態が安定した状態で冷媒量の判定を行う必要がある。このため、試運転を完了し、通常運転を開始した後に、冷媒回路内の冷媒が外部に漏洩した場合の冷媒量判定を行うことは困難であった。特に、個別に発停可能な複数の室内機を備えた空気調和機では、各室内機により運転状態が異なるため、冷媒量判定精度の低下を招く。   In the thing of the said patent document 1, it is necessary to perform air_conditionaing | cooling operation | movement of all the indoor units connected to the air conditioner by implementing refrigerant | coolant amount determination driving | operation at the time of trial operation, and to perform refrigerant | coolant amount determination in the state where the state of the refrigerating cycle was stabilized. There is. For this reason, it is difficult to determine the refrigerant amount when the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit leaks to the outside after completing the test operation and starting the normal operation. In particular, in an air conditioner provided with a plurality of indoor units that can be started and stopped individually, the operation state differs depending on each indoor unit, which causes a decrease in refrigerant amount determination accuracy.

本発明の目的は、通常運転を開始した後に、空気調和機内の冷媒が外部に漏洩した場合にこれを検知できるようにした空気調和機及びその冷媒量判定方法を得ることにある。   An object of the present invention is to obtain an air conditioner and a refrigerant amount determination method for the air conditioner that can detect when refrigerant in the air conditioner leaks outside after starting normal operation.

本発明の他の目的は、通常運転を開始した後に、冷媒漏れが発生した場合に逸早くこれを検出することのできるようにすることにある。   Another object of the present invention is to make it possible to detect a refrigerant leak as soon as possible after starting normal operation.

本発明の更に他の目的は、通常運転開始後の冷媒量判定を早期に発見できるようにすると共に、精度の良い冷媒量判定も可能にすることにある。   Still another object of the present invention is to enable early detection of the refrigerant amount determination after the start of normal operation and to enable accurate refrigerant amount determination.

上記課題を解決するため本発明は、圧縮機、四方弁、室外熱交換器、室外膨張装置及び室外送風機を備えた室外機と、室内膨張装置、室内熱交換器及び室内送風機を備えた室内機とを、液接続配管及びガス接続配管で接続した空気調和機において、前記室内膨張装置又は前記室外膨脹装置への出力量と、圧縮機への出力量に基づいた係数χを求める手段と、外気温度を検出する外気温度検出手段と、前記求められた係数χと前記検出された外気温度に基づいて冷媒量を判定する手段とを備えていることを特徴とする。   In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides an outdoor unit including a compressor, a four-way valve, an outdoor heat exchanger, an outdoor expansion device, and an outdoor blower, and an indoor unit including an indoor expansion device, an indoor heat exchanger, and an indoor blower. In an air conditioner connected by a liquid connection pipe and a gas connection pipe, means for obtaining a coefficient χ based on the output amount to the indoor expansion device or the outdoor expansion device and the output amount to the compressor, An outside air temperature detecting means for detecting a temperature, and a means for determining a refrigerant amount based on the obtained coefficient χ and the detected outside air temperature.

ここで、前記係数χは、
係数χ＝室内又は室外膨張装置への出力量／圧縮機への出力量
により求めるようにすると良い。なお、室内又は室外膨張装置への出力量としては、膨脹装置の開度やパルス数（電動膨脹弁の場合）などを使用すると良く、圧縮機への出力量としては、圧縮機の回転数（回転数制御圧縮機の場合）や駆動される圧縮機の台数（複数の圧縮機を備えるものである場合）を使用すると良い。 Where the coefficient χ is
The coefficient χ is preferably obtained from the output amount to the indoor or outdoor expansion device / output amount to the compressor. As the output amount to the indoor or outdoor expansion device, the opening degree of the expansion device or the number of pulses (in the case of an electric expansion valve) may be used, and the output amount to the compressor may be the rotational speed of the compressor ( It is preferable to use the number of compressors to be driven (in the case of a rotational speed control compressor) and the number of compressors to be driven (in the case of having a plurality of compressors).

また、前記冷媒量を判定する手段は、予め適正冷媒量の状態で空気調和機を運転して外気温度に対する係数χの値と、この係数χの許容範囲の上限値を求めて記憶しておき、通常運転時に求められた係数χと外気温度に基づいて冷媒量を判定するようにすると良い。   The means for determining the amount of refrigerant calculates and stores in advance the value of the coefficient χ with respect to the outside air temperature and the upper limit value of the allowable range of the coefficient χ by operating the air conditioner in the state of the appropriate amount of refrigerant. The refrigerant amount may be determined based on the coefficient χ obtained during normal operation and the outside air temperature.

なお、前記係数χを求めるに際し、冷房運転時には室内膨脹装置への出力量を用い、暖房運転時には室外膨脹装置への出力量を用いるのが良い。
更に、前記冷媒量の判定に、室外機から室内機までの配管長或いは室外機と室内機との高低差のデータも追加して行うようにすると精度の良い冷媒量の判定が可能となる。
冷媒量が減少したと判定された場合、冷媒漏洩がある旨の表示を行うと共に、自動的に運転停止するようにすると良い。 In obtaining the coefficient χ, it is preferable to use the output amount to the indoor expansion device during the cooling operation and the output amount to the outdoor expansion device during the heating operation.
Furthermore, when the refrigerant amount is determined by adding the pipe length from the outdoor unit to the indoor unit or the height difference data between the outdoor unit and the indoor unit, the refrigerant amount can be accurately determined.
When it is determined that the refrigerant amount has decreased, it is preferable to display that there is a refrigerant leak and to automatically stop the operation.

更に、全室内機を強制的に運転して冷媒量を判定する冷媒量判定運転モードを備えるようにし、通常運転中に冷媒量が減少したと判定された場合、自動的に前記冷媒量判定運転モードを実施して冷媒量適否の判定を精度良く行なうようにすると尚良い。
上記の冷媒量判定の情報を、インターネットを介してサービス部門の端末に表示させるようにすることもできる。 Further, a refrigerant amount determination operation mode for forcibly operating all indoor units to determine the refrigerant amount is provided, and when it is determined that the refrigerant amount has decreased during normal operation, the refrigerant amount determination operation is automatically performed. It is more preferable to carry out the mode so as to accurately determine whether or not the refrigerant amount is appropriate.
The refrigerant amount determination information may be displayed on a service department terminal via the Internet.

本発明の他の特徴は、圧縮機、四方弁、室外熱交換器、室外膨張装置及び室外送風機を備えた室外機と、室内膨張装置、室内熱交換器及び室内送風機を備えた室内機とを、液接続配管及びガス接続配管で接続した空気調和機において、前記室内膨張装置への出力量と、圧縮機への出力量に基づいた係数χを、
係数χ＝室内膨張装置への出力量／圧縮機への出力量
により求める演算手段と、外気温度を検出する外気温度検出手段と、前記求められた係数χと前記検出された外気温度とにより冷媒量を判定する手段とを備えたことにある。 Another feature of the present invention includes an outdoor unit including a compressor, a four-way valve, an outdoor heat exchanger, an outdoor expansion device, and an outdoor fan, and an indoor unit including an indoor expansion device, an indoor heat exchanger, and an indoor fan. In the air conditioner connected with the liquid connection pipe and the gas connection pipe, the output amount to the indoor expansion device, and the coefficient χ based on the output amount to the compressor,
Coefficient χ = arithmetic means determined by the output amount to the indoor expansion device / output amount to the compressor, the outside air temperature detecting means for detecting the outside air temperature, the refrigerant by the obtained coefficient χ and the detected outside air temperature And a means for determining the amount.

本発明の更に他の特徴は、圧縮機、四方弁、室外熱交換器、室外膨張装置及び室外送風機を備えた室外機と、室内膨張装置、室内熱交換器及び室内送風機を備えた室内機とを、液接続配管及びガス接続配管で接続した空気調和機において、適正な冷媒を封入した状態での前記室内膨張装置又は前記室外膨脹装置への出力量と圧縮機への出力量との比に関連した値と、外気温度との関係を予め求めておき、空気調和機運転中に求めた前記室内膨張装置又は前記室外膨脹装置への出力量と圧縮機への出力量との比に関連した値が、その時の外気温度に対して前記予め求めておいた値と比較することにより、冷媒量を判定する空気調和機の冷媒量判定方法にある。   Still another feature of the present invention includes an outdoor unit including a compressor, a four-way valve, an outdoor heat exchanger, an outdoor expansion device, and an outdoor fan, and an indoor unit including an indoor expansion device, an indoor heat exchanger, and an indoor fan. In the air conditioner connected by the liquid connection pipe and the gas connection pipe, the ratio of the output amount to the indoor expansion device or the outdoor expansion device and the output amount to the compressor in a state where an appropriate refrigerant is sealed. The relationship between the related value and the outside air temperature was obtained in advance, and related to the ratio between the output amount to the indoor expansion device or the outdoor expansion device and the output amount to the compressor obtained during the operation of the air conditioner. The value is in the refrigerant amount determination method of the air conditioner for determining the refrigerant amount by comparing the value with the value obtained in advance with respect to the outside air temperature at that time.

ここで、前記値は次の係数χ、即ち
係数χ＝室内又は室外膨張装置への出力量／圧縮機への出力量
として求められた値であり、前記式において、冷房運転時には室内膨脹装置への出力量を用い、暖房運転時には室外膨脹装置への出力量を用いるようにすると良い。 Here, the value is a value obtained as the following coefficient χ, that is, the coefficient χ = the output amount to the indoor or outdoor expansion device / the output amount to the compressor. The output amount to the outdoor expansion device is preferably used during heating operation.

本発明によれば、通常運転を開始した後に、空気調和機内の冷媒が外部に漏洩した場合にこれを早期に或いは逸早く検知できる効果がある。   According to the present invention, after normal operation is started, when the refrigerant in the air conditioner leaks to the outside, this can be detected early or quickly.

また、通常運転開始後の冷媒量判定を早期に発見できると共に、冷媒量が減少したと判定された場合、更に冷媒量判定運転モードを実施するようにしたものでは、冷媒量適否の判定を精度良く行なうこともできる効果がある。   In addition, the refrigerant amount determination after the start of normal operation can be detected at an early stage, and if it is determined that the refrigerant amount has decreased, the refrigerant amount determination operation mode is further implemented. There is an effect that can be performed well.

以下、図面に基づき本発明の具体的実施例を説明する。   Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

図１において、室外機２２は、運転周波数をインバータで可変して制御される容量可変式の圧縮機1及び容量固定式の圧縮機２を備え、これら圧縮機１，２は図に示すように、並列に配置されて四方弁３に接続されている。四方弁３は室外熱交換器４側及びガス阻止弁１１側に配管接続されている。また、室外熱交換器４からは室外膨張装置５を介して冷媒量調節器（受液器）６、過冷却熱交換器７、液阻止弁８へと配管接続されている。   In FIG. 1, an outdoor unit 22 includes a variable capacity compressor 1 and a fixed capacity compressor 2 that are controlled by varying an operating frequency with an inverter. The compressors 1 and 2 are shown in the figure. These are arranged in parallel and connected to the four-way valve 3. The four-way valve 3 is piped to the outdoor heat exchanger 4 side and the gas blocking valve 11 side. The outdoor heat exchanger 4 is connected to a refrigerant amount regulator (liquid receiver) 6, a supercooling heat exchanger 7, and a liquid blocking valve 8 through an outdoor expansion device 5.

室内機２３は図に示すように複数台が並列に液配管３０とガス配管３１を介して前記室外機２２に接続されており、各室内機２３は、室内膨脹装置９、室内熱交換器１０及び室内送風機（図示せず）などから構成されている。   As shown in the figure, a plurality of indoor units 23 are connected in parallel to the outdoor unit 22 via a liquid pipe 30 and a gas pipe 31, and each indoor unit 23 includes an indoor expansion device 9 and an indoor heat exchanger 10. And an indoor blower (not shown).

室外機２２の圧縮機１，２の吐出側配管には、圧縮機から吐出される冷媒ガスの圧力を検出する吐出圧力センサ１３、及び冷媒ガスの温度を検出する吐出温度センサ１５を有し、過冷却熱交換器７と液阻止弁８の間には液配管（液冷媒）の温度を検出するための温度センサ１７を設けている。また、室内機２３には室内熱交換器１０に流入する空気の温度を検出する吸込温度センサ（室内温度サーミスタ）３２や室内熱交換器１０から吹き出す空気の温度を検出する吹出し温度センサ（室外温度サーミスタ）２４を備え、更に室内熱交換器１０に接続されたガス配管にはガス温度センサ１９が、室内膨張装置９と液阻止弁８との間の液配管には液温度センサ１８を備えている。
なお、１６，１８，１９は温度センサ、２１は空気調和機を制御する演算装置である。 The discharge side piping of the compressors 1 and 2 of the outdoor unit 22 has a discharge pressure sensor 13 for detecting the pressure of the refrigerant gas discharged from the compressor, and a discharge temperature sensor 15 for detecting the temperature of the refrigerant gas. A temperature sensor 17 for detecting the temperature of the liquid pipe (liquid refrigerant) is provided between the supercooling heat exchanger 7 and the liquid blocking valve 8. Further, the indoor unit 23 includes a suction temperature sensor (indoor temperature thermistor) 32 that detects the temperature of air flowing into the indoor heat exchanger 10 and a blowout temperature sensor (outdoor temperature) that detects the temperature of air blown from the indoor heat exchanger 10. A gas temperature sensor 19 in the gas pipe connected to the indoor heat exchanger 10, and a liquid temperature sensor 18 in the liquid pipe between the indoor expansion device 9 and the liquid blocking valve 8. Yes.
Reference numerals 16, 18, and 19 denote temperature sensors, and reference numeral 21 denotes an arithmetic unit that controls the air conditioner.

次に、上記構成の空気調和機を通常の冷房運転をする場合について説明する。
冷房運転の場合、冷媒は図１の実線矢印の方向に流れ、圧縮機１，２から吐出されたガス冷媒は四方弁３を通過して室外熱交換器４に流入し、凝縮する。凝縮された液冷媒は冷媒量調節器６に入り、この冷媒量調整器６から導出された液冷媒は、過冷却熱交換器７により過冷却され、室外機２２と室内機２３を接続する液配管３０を経て室内膨脹装置９に流入する。室内膨張装置９は任意の絞り量に設定可能な膨脹装置であり、室内膨脹装置９で減圧された冷媒は室内熱交換器１０に送られて蒸発することで、室内空気を冷却する。蒸発した冷媒はガス配管３１を通って、圧縮機１，２の吸入側に戻る。 Next, the case where the air conditioner having the above configuration is subjected to normal cooling operation will be described.
In the cooling operation, the refrigerant flows in the direction of the solid arrow in FIG. 1, and the gas refrigerant discharged from the compressors 1 and 2 passes through the four-way valve 3 and flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 4 to condense. The condensed liquid refrigerant enters the refrigerant quantity regulator 6, and the liquid refrigerant derived from the refrigerant quantity regulator 6 is supercooled by the supercooling heat exchanger 7 and is connected to the outdoor unit 22 and the indoor unit 23. It flows into the indoor expansion device 9 through the pipe 30. The indoor expansion device 9 is an expansion device that can be set to an arbitrary throttle amount. The refrigerant decompressed by the indoor expansion device 9 is sent to the indoor heat exchanger 10 to evaporate, thereby cooling the indoor air. The evaporated refrigerant returns to the suction side of the compressors 1 and 2 through the gas pipe 31.

上記空気調和機を通常の暖房運転をする場合について説明する。暖房運転では、四方弁３を切換えることにより、図１の点線矢印の向きに冷媒が流れ、圧縮機１，２から吐出された冷媒は四方弁３、ガス阻止弁１１を通過し、室内熱交換器１０で放熱して凝縮することで室内空気を加熱し、暖房を行う。凝縮された液冷媒は、液配管３０を経て室外機２２へ流れ、冷媒量調整器６に入り、この冷媒量調整器６から液冷媒が導出されて室外膨張装置５に入る。室外膨張装置５も任意の絞り量に設定可能な膨張装置であり、室外膨張装置５で減圧された冷媒は室外熱交換器４に流入して蒸発し、かわき度の大きな状態となり、四方弁３を通過して圧縮機１，２に戻る。   The case where the said air conditioner carries out normal heating operation is demonstrated. In the heating operation, the refrigerant flows in the direction of the dotted arrow in FIG. 1 by switching the four-way valve 3, and the refrigerant discharged from the compressors 1 and 2 passes through the four-way valve 3 and the gas blocking valve 11 to exchange the heat in the room. The room air is heated by heat dissipation and condensation in the vessel 10 to perform heating. The condensed liquid refrigerant flows into the outdoor unit 22 through the liquid pipe 30 and enters the refrigerant amount adjuster 6. The liquid refrigerant is led out from the refrigerant amount adjuster 6 and enters the outdoor expansion device 5. The outdoor expansion device 5 is also an expansion device that can be set to an arbitrary throttle amount, and the refrigerant depressurized by the outdoor expansion device 5 flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 4 and evaporates to become a state with a high degree of cuteness. And return to the compressors 1 and 2.

また、本実施例では、上記冷房運転及び暖房運転とは別に行う冷媒量判定運転モードを備えており、以下この冷媒量判定運転モードについて図１により説明する。冷媒量判定運転モードでは、空気調和機に接続されている室内機２３を全て冷房運転させる(実線矢印のように冷媒を流す)。冷房運転中に圧縮機１，２の吐出ガス温度や吐出ガス圧力の変化が小さくなる状態、即ち冷凍サイクルが安定するまで室内膨張弁９により吐出ガス過熱度が設定値以上となるように制御する。吐出ガス過熱度が設定値以上の状態（圧縮機吐出加熱度が安定化した状態）で、吐出圧力センサ１３から演算される飽和温度と過冷却熱交換器７出口の温度センサ１７で検出された温度から求められた過冷却度の値が予め設定された範囲以内であれば適性冷媒量と判定する。   In addition, the present embodiment includes a refrigerant amount determination operation mode that is performed separately from the cooling operation and the heating operation. Hereinafter, the refrigerant amount determination operation mode will be described with reference to FIG. In the refrigerant quantity determination operation mode, all the indoor units 23 connected to the air conditioner are operated for cooling (flowing refrigerant as indicated by solid line arrows). Control is performed so that the degree of superheat of the discharge gas becomes equal to or higher than the set value by the indoor expansion valve 9 until the changes in the discharge gas temperature and discharge gas pressure of the compressors 1 and 2 become small during the cooling operation, that is, until the refrigeration cycle is stabilized . Detected by the saturation temperature calculated from the discharge pressure sensor 13 and the temperature sensor 17 at the outlet of the supercooling heat exchanger 7 when the discharge gas superheat degree is equal to or higher than the set value (state where the compressor discharge heating degree is stabilized). If the value of the degree of supercooling obtained from the temperature is within a preset range, it is determined that the amount of refrigerant is appropriate.

上述した冷媒量判定運転モードは、空気調和機に接続されている室内機２３を全て冷房運転させることで封入されている冷媒量の適否を判定するものであるが、このモードを実施するには通常の空調運転を一次中止して行わなければならない。本実施例では通常運転を継続したままでも冷媒量適否の判定（或いは冷媒の漏れはないかの判定）をできるように構成している。以下、通常運転中の冷媒量判定について図１〜図４により説明する。   The refrigerant amount determination operation mode described above is for determining the suitability of the amount of refrigerant enclosed by cooling all the indoor units 23 connected to the air conditioner. Normal air-conditioning operation must be temporarily stopped. In the present embodiment, it is configured so that it is possible to determine whether or not the refrigerant amount is appropriate (or to determine whether or not there is a refrigerant leak) even if normal operation is continued. Hereinafter, refrigerant amount determination during normal operation will be described with reference to FIGS.

まず、通常の冷房運転中の冷媒量判定について説明する。冷房運転では、吐出ガス過熱度が予め設定した範囲になるよう室内膨張装置の絞り量を調整する。吐出ガス過熱度が設定温度範囲内に入り、吐出圧力及び吐出温度の変動が少なくなった場合に、室内膨張装置９への出力量（膨脹弁開度或いは電動膨脹弁の場合にはパルス数等、室内機が複数ある場合には室内膨脹弁の開度を合計した合計開度となる）と、圧縮機への出力量(回転数制御圧縮機の場合であれば周波数等)に基づいた係数χを例えば次式(１)により求める。   First, the refrigerant amount determination during the normal cooling operation will be described. In the cooling operation, the throttle amount of the indoor expansion device is adjusted so that the degree of superheat of the discharge gas falls within a preset range. When the discharge gas superheat degree falls within the set temperature range, and the fluctuations in the discharge pressure and discharge temperature decrease, the output amount to the indoor expansion device 9 (in the case of an expansion valve opening or an electric expansion valve, the number of pulses, etc.) If there are multiple indoor units, this is the total opening of the indoor expansion valves) and a coefficient based on the output to the compressor (frequency, etc. in the case of a rotational speed control compressor) For example, χ is obtained by the following equation (1).

係数χ＝室内膨張装置への出力量／圧縮機への出力量 …（１）
また、室外機２２の雰囲気温度（外気温度）を室外温度サーミスタ２４により検出する。そして、上記係数χが外気温度から予め設定した値以上となった場合に冷媒不足と判定する。この判定をするための例を図３に示す。予め、適正冷媒量の状態で空気調和機を運転し、外気温度に対する係数χの値を図３の実線で示すように求めておく。また、外気温度に対する係数χの許容範囲の上限を図３の点線で示すように求めておく。次に、通常運転時に上記式（１）に基づく係数χと外気温度を求め、求めた係数χが図３の冷媒不足領域にあれば冷媒不足と判定し、係数χの許容範囲の上限以下であれば適性冷媒量と判定する。なお、冷媒不足と判定された場合には冷媒を空気調和機に封入した時点よりも冷媒が漏れていることを意味する。 Coefficient χ = Output amount to the indoor expansion device / Output amount to the compressor (1)
In addition, the outdoor temperature thermistor 24 detects the ambient temperature (outside temperature) of the outdoor unit 22. When the coefficient χ becomes equal to or greater than a preset value from the outside air temperature, it is determined that the refrigerant is insufficient. An example for making this determination is shown in FIG. In advance, the air conditioner is operated in a state of an appropriate refrigerant amount, and the value of the coefficient χ with respect to the outside air temperature is obtained as shown by the solid line in FIG. Further, the upper limit of the allowable range of the coefficient χ with respect to the outside air temperature is obtained as indicated by the dotted line in FIG. Next, the coefficient χ based on the above equation (1) and the outside air temperature are obtained during normal operation, and if the obtained coefficient χ is in the refrigerant shortage region of FIG. If there is, it is determined that the amount of refrigerant is appropriate. In addition, when it determines with a refrigerant | coolant shortage, it means that the refrigerant | coolant has leaked from the time of enclosing a refrigerant | coolant in an air conditioner.

なお、上記例において、室内機２３への吸込温度（室内温度）も室内温度サーミスタ３２により検出し、上記係数χと、外気温度及び室内温度との関係を求めるように構成すれば更に精度の高い冷媒量判定が可能となる。また、圧縮機への出力量としては回転数制御圧縮機の場合であれば周波数としたが、容量固定式圧縮機を１台または複数台備えるものでは圧縮機の運転台数とすることもできる。即ち、全ての圧縮機からの総吐出流量に関連するパラメータを使用すれば良い。   In the above example, if the suction temperature (room temperature) into the indoor unit 23 is also detected by the room temperature thermistor 32 and the relationship between the coefficient χ, the outside air temperature and the room temperature is obtained, the accuracy is further increased. The refrigerant amount can be determined. The output amount to the compressor is a frequency in the case of a rotational speed control compressor, but in the case of providing one or a plurality of fixed capacity compressors, the number of compressors can be operated. That is, a parameter related to the total discharge flow rate from all the compressors may be used.

次に、通常の暖房運転中の冷媒量判定について説明する。暖房運転では、吐出ガス過熱度が予め設定した範囲になるよう室外膨張装置５の絞り量を調整する。吐出ガス過熱度が設定温度範囲内に入り、吐出圧力及び吐出温度の変動が少なくなった場合に室外膨張装置５への出力量と圧縮機への出力量に基づいた係数χを例えば次式(２)により求める。   Next, refrigerant amount determination during normal heating operation will be described. In the heating operation, the throttle amount of the outdoor expansion device 5 is adjusted so that the discharge gas superheat degree is in a preset range. When the discharge gas superheat degree falls within the set temperature range and the fluctuations in the discharge pressure and the discharge temperature decrease, the coefficient χ based on the output amount to the outdoor expansion device 5 and the output amount to the compressor is expressed by the following equation ( Obtained by 2).

係数χ＝室外膨張装置への出力量／圧縮機への出力量 …（２）
また、室外機２２の雰囲気温度（外気温度）を室外温度サーミスタ２４により検出する。更に、上記冷房運転の場合と同様に、適正冷媒量の状態で空気調和機を運転して、外気温度に対する係数χの値を図４に示すように予め求めておき（実線は最適値、点線は許容範囲の上限値）、冷媒量の適否を判定する。
図２は、上述した本実施例の冷媒量の適否判定についての一連の動作を纏めたフローチャートである。 Coefficient χ = Output amount to outdoor expansion device / Output amount to compressor (2)
In addition, the outdoor temperature thermistor 24 detects the ambient temperature (outside temperature) of the outdoor unit 22. Further, as in the case of the cooling operation, the air conditioner is operated in the state of the appropriate refrigerant amount, and the value of the coefficient χ with respect to the outside air temperature is obtained in advance as shown in FIG. 4 (the solid line is the optimum value, the dotted line) Is the upper limit value of the allowable range), and the suitability of the refrigerant amount is determined.
FIG. 2 is a flowchart summarizing a series of operations for determining whether or not the refrigerant amount is appropriate according to this embodiment.

なお、上記において、判定の条件として外気温度（及び室内温度）のみを使用したが、空気調和機の施工条件(配管長/室外機と室内機の高低差等)により膨張装置への出力が変化することが考えられるため、空気調和機の施工条件を判定条件として追加するようにすれば判定精度を更に向上できる。また、空気調和機を制御する演算装置２１（図１参照）にメモリを設け、係数χの変化を記録して係数χの時間変化の情報を判定に加えるようにしても良い。   In the above, only the outside air temperature (and the room temperature) was used as the judgment condition. However, the output to the expansion device changed depending on the construction conditions of the air conditioner (pipe length / height difference between the outdoor unit and the indoor unit). Therefore, if the construction condition of the air conditioner is added as a determination condition, the determination accuracy can be further improved. Further, a memory may be provided in the arithmetic unit 21 (see FIG. 1) that controls the air conditioner, and a change in the coefficient χ may be recorded to add information on a time change in the coefficient χ to the determination.

上述した通常運転中の冷媒量判定において、冷媒不足と判定された場合には、リモコンスイッチ（図示せず）等に表示して、空気調和機の利用者に冷媒漏洩を報告し、空気調和機の運転を停止するようにすると良い。また、警報器により警告音を発生させることで利用者への冷媒漏れを報告するようにしても良い。更に、空気調和機をインターネット等に接続することで、冷媒漏洩の情報をサービス部門の端末に表示させることもでき、サービスマンを素早く派遣することが可能になる。   In the above-described refrigerant amount determination during normal operation, when it is determined that the refrigerant is insufficient, it is displayed on a remote control switch (not shown) or the like, the refrigerant leak is reported to the user of the air conditioner, and the air conditioner It is better to stop driving. Moreover, you may make it report the refrigerant | coolant leak to a user by generating a warning sound with an alarm device. Furthermore, by connecting the air conditioner to the Internet or the like, information on refrigerant leakage can be displayed on the terminal of the service department, and a service person can be dispatched quickly.

また、上述した通常運転中の冷媒量判定において、冷媒不足と判定された場合には、前述した冷媒量判定運転モードを自動的に強制的に実施するように構成し、空気調和機に接続されている全室内機を強制的に冷房運転するようにして冷媒量判定すれば、更に冷媒量判定の精度を向上させることができる。なお、この場合の冷媒量判定運転モードを自動的に行うようにするのではなく、サービスマン等が室外機に設置されたスイッチ等を操作したり、或いは空気調和機にパーソナルコンピュータを接続し、パーソナルコンピュータから冷媒量判定運転モードへの切替を行うようにしても良い。更に、空気調和機をネットワークコンピュータまたは集中コントローラ等に接続し、これらのものから前記冷媒量判定運転モードに切替えるようにしても良い。   Further, in the refrigerant amount determination during the normal operation described above, when it is determined that the refrigerant is insufficient, the refrigerant amount determination operation mode described above is automatically and forcibly implemented and connected to the air conditioner. If the refrigerant amount is determined by forcibly cooling all the indoor units, the accuracy of the refrigerant amount determination can be further improved. In addition, instead of automatically performing the refrigerant amount determination operation mode in this case, a service person or the like operates a switch or the like installed in the outdoor unit, or connects a personal computer to the air conditioner, Switching from the personal computer to the refrigerant amount determination operation mode may be performed. Furthermore, the air conditioner may be connected to a network computer or a centralized controller, and the refrigerant amount determination operation mode may be switched from these.

本実施例によれば、空気調和機の運転中に、運転状態量(膨張装置出力量及び圧縮機出力量等)を検出することにより、冷媒回路内（接続配管または空気調和機）の冷媒量が減少した場合これを早期に判定することが可能となる。冷媒量が減少したと判断された場合には、冷媒漏洩している旨を表示し、運転を停止することで、冷媒漏れを逸早く知らせ、また更なる冷媒漏れを防止するための-対策を講じることができる。冷媒量が減ったと判定された場合には、更に冷媒量判定運転モードを実施することで、冷媒量の適否を更に高精度に判定することも可能になる。   According to this embodiment, during operation of the air conditioner, the amount of refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit (connection pipe or air conditioner) is detected by detecting the operation state amount (expansion device output amount, compressor output amount, etc.). This can be determined at an early stage when the value decreases. If it is determined that the amount of refrigerant has decreased, a message indicating that the refrigerant is leaking is displayed, and the operation is stopped to quickly notify the refrigerant leakage and to take further measures to prevent further refrigerant leakage. be able to. When it is determined that the refrigerant amount has decreased, it is possible to determine the suitability of the refrigerant amount with higher accuracy by further performing the refrigerant amount determination operation mode.

本発明の空気調和機の実施例を示す冷凍サイクル構成図。The refrigeration cycle block diagram which shows the Example of the air conditioner of this invention. 通常運転中の冷媒量判定の手順を説明するフローチャート。The flowchart explaining the procedure of refrigerant | coolant amount determination during normal driving | operation. 通常の冷房運転中における冷媒量判定をするための外気温度と係数χとの関係を示す線図。The diagram which shows the relationship between the external temperature for performing refrigerant | coolant amount determination in normal cooling operation, and the coefficient (chi). 通常の暖房運転中における冷媒量判定をするための外気温度と係数χとの関係を示す線図。The diagram which shows the relationship between the external temperature for performing refrigerant | coolant amount determination in normal heating operation, and the coefficient (chi).

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１…容量可変式圧縮機、２…容量固定式圧縮機、３…四方弁、４…室外熱交換器、５…室外膨張装置、６…冷媒量調節器（受液器）、７…過冷却熱交換器、８…液阻止弁、９…室内膨脹装置（電動膨張弁）、１０…室内熱交換器、１１…ガス阻止弁、１２…アキュムレータ、１３…吐出圧力センサ、１４…吸入圧力センサ、１５…吐出温度センサ、１６〜１９…温度センサ、２０…室外送風機、２１…演算装置、２２…室外機、２３…室内機、２４…室外温度サーミスタ、３０…液配管、３１…ガス配管、３２…室内温度サーミスタ。   DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Variable capacity type compressor, 2 ... Fixed capacity type compressor, 3 ... Four-way valve, 4 ... Outdoor heat exchanger, 5 ... Outdoor expansion device, 6 ... Refrigerant amount regulator (liquid receiver), 7 ... Supercooling Heat exchanger, 8 ... Liquid blocking valve, 9 ... Indoor expansion device (electric expansion valve), 10 ... Indoor heat exchanger, 11 ... Gas blocking valve, 12 ... Accumulator, 13 ... Discharge pressure sensor, 14 ... Suction pressure sensor, DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 15 ... Discharge temperature sensor, 16-19 ... Temperature sensor, 20 ... Outdoor fan, 21 ... Arithmetic unit, 22 ... Outdoor unit, 23 ... Indoor unit, 24 ... Outdoor temperature thermistor, 30 ... Liquid piping, 31 ... Gas piping, 32 ... Indoor temperature thermistor.

Claims (11)

圧縮機、四方弁、室外熱交換器、室外膨張装置及び室外送風機を備えた室外機と、室内膨張装置、室内熱交換器及び室内送風機を備えた室内機とを、液接続配管及びガス接続配管で接続した空気調和機において、
前記室内膨張装置又は前記室外膨脹装置への出力量と、圧縮機への出力量に基づいた係数χを求める手段と、
外気温度を検出する外気温度検出手段と、
前記求められた係数χと前記検出された外気温度に基づいて冷媒量を判定する手段とを備えていることを特徴とする空気調和機。 Compressor, four-way valve, outdoor heat exchanger, outdoor expansion device, outdoor unit provided with outdoor blower, and indoor unit provided with indoor expansion device, indoor heat exchanger, indoor blower, liquid connection pipe and gas connection pipe In the air conditioner connected with
Means for obtaining a coefficient χ based on the output amount to the indoor expansion device or the outdoor expansion device and the output amount to the compressor;
Outside temperature detecting means for detecting outside temperature;
An air conditioner comprising: means for determining a refrigerant amount based on the obtained coefficient χ and the detected outside air temperature. 請求項１において、前記係数χは、
係数χ＝室内又は室外膨張装置への出力量／圧縮機への出力量
により求めることを特徴とする空気調和機。 In claim 1, the coefficient χ is
An air conditioner characterized in that the coefficient χ = the output amount to the indoor or outdoor expansion device / the output amount to the compressor. 請求項２において、前記冷媒量を判定する手段は、予め適正冷媒量の状態で空気調和機を運転して外気温度に対する係数χの値と、この係数χの許容範囲の上限値を求めて記憶しておき、通常運転時に求められた係数χと外気温度に基づいて冷媒量を判定するようにしたものであることを特徴とする空気調和機。   The means for determining the amount of refrigerant according to claim 2, wherein the air conditioner is operated in advance in a state of an appropriate amount of refrigerant, and the value of the coefficient χ with respect to the outside air temperature and the upper limit value of the allowable range of the coefficient χ are obtained and stored. The air conditioner is characterized in that the refrigerant amount is determined based on the coefficient χ obtained during normal operation and the outside air temperature. 請求項２において、冷房運転時には室内膨脹装置への出力量を用い、暖房運転時には室外膨脹装置への出力量を用いることを特徴とする空気調和機。   The air conditioner according to claim 2, wherein an output amount to the indoor expansion device is used during cooling operation, and an output amount to the outdoor expansion device is used during heating operation. 請求項１において、前記冷媒量の判定に、室外機から室内機までの配管長或いは室外機と室内機との高低差のデータも追加して行うようにしたことを特徴とする空気調和機。   2. The air conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the refrigerant amount is determined by adding a pipe length from an outdoor unit to the indoor unit or height difference data between the outdoor unit and the indoor unit. 請求項１において、冷媒量が減少したと判定された場合、冷媒漏洩がある旨の表示を行うと共に、自動的に運転停止することを特徴とする空気調和機。   2. The air conditioner according to claim 1, wherein when it is determined that the refrigerant amount has decreased, an indication that there is a refrigerant leak is displayed and the operation is automatically stopped. 請求項１において、全室内機を強制的に運転して冷媒量を判定する冷媒量判定運転モードを備え、通常運転中に冷媒量が減少したと判定された場合、自動的に前記冷媒量判定運転モードを実施して冷媒量適否の判定をすることを特徴とする空気調和機。   2. The refrigerant amount determination mode according to claim 1, further comprising: a refrigerant amount determination operation mode for determining the refrigerant amount by forcibly operating all the indoor units, and automatically determining the refrigerant amount when it is determined that the refrigerant amount has decreased during normal operation. An air conditioner characterized by carrying out an operation mode to determine whether the refrigerant amount is appropriate. 請求項１において、冷媒量判定の情報をインターネットを介してサービス部門の端末に表示させるようにしたことを特徴とする空気調和機。   2. The air conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the refrigerant amount determination information is displayed on a terminal of a service department via the Internet. 圧縮機、四方弁、室外熱交換器、室外膨張装置及び室外送風機を備えた室外機と、室内膨張装置、室内熱交換器及び室内送風機を備えた室内機とを、液接続配管及びガス接続配管で接続した空気調和機において、
前記室内膨張装置への出力量と、圧縮機への出力量に基づいた係数χを、
係数χ＝室内膨張装置への出力量／圧縮機への出力量
により求める演算手段と、
外気温度を検出する外気温度検出手段と、
前記求められた係数χと前記検出された外気温度とにより冷媒量を判定する手段とを備えたことを特徴とする空気調和機。 Compressor, four-way valve, outdoor heat exchanger, outdoor expansion device, outdoor unit provided with outdoor blower, and indoor unit provided with indoor expansion device, indoor heat exchanger, indoor blower, liquid connection pipe and gas connection pipe In the air conditioner connected with
A coefficient χ based on the output amount to the indoor expansion device and the output amount to the compressor,
Coefficient χ = calculation means for obtaining by the output amount to the indoor expansion device / output amount to the compressor;
Outside temperature detecting means for detecting outside temperature;
An air conditioner comprising: means for determining a refrigerant amount from the obtained coefficient χ and the detected outside air temperature. 圧縮機、四方弁、室外熱交換器、室外膨張装置及び室外送風機を備えた室外機と、室内膨張装置、室内熱交換器及び室内送風機を備えた室内機とを、液接続配管及びガス接続配管で接続した空気調和機において、
適正な冷媒を封入した状態での前記室内膨張装置又は前記室外膨脹装置への出力量と圧縮機への出力量との比に関連した値と、外気温度との関係を予め求めておき、
空気調和機運転中に求めた前記室内膨張装置又は前記室外膨脹装置への出力量と圧縮機への出力量との比に関連した値が、その時の外気温度に対して前記予め求めておいた値と比較することにより、冷媒量を判定することを特徴とする空気調和機の冷媒量判定方法。 Compressor, four-way valve, outdoor heat exchanger, outdoor expansion device, outdoor unit provided with outdoor blower, and indoor unit provided with indoor expansion device, indoor heat exchanger, indoor blower, liquid connection pipe and gas connection pipe In the air conditioner connected with
A value related to the ratio between the output amount to the indoor expansion device or the outdoor expansion device and the output amount to the compressor in a state where an appropriate refrigerant is sealed, and the relationship between the outdoor air temperature and
The value related to the ratio of the output amount to the indoor expansion device or the outdoor expansion device and the output amount to the compressor obtained during the operation of the air conditioner was previously obtained with respect to the outdoor temperature at that time. A refrigerant amount determination method for an air conditioner, wherein the refrigerant amount is determined by comparing with a value. 請求項１０において、前記値は次の係数χ、即ち
係数χ＝室内又は室外膨張装置への出力量／圧縮機への出力量
として求められた値であり、前記式において、冷房運転時には室内膨脹装置への出力量を用い、暖房運転時には室外膨脹装置への出力量を用いることを特徴とする空気調和機の冷媒量判定方法。 In Claim 10, the said value is the value calculated | required as the following coefficient χ, ie, coefficient χ = output amount to the indoor or outdoor expansion device / output amount to the compressor. A refrigerant amount determination method for an air conditioner, characterized in that an output amount to an outdoor expansion device is used during heating operation using an output amount to the device.
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