JP4068268B2 - Lead-acid battery charging method - Google Patents
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- JP4068268B2 JP4068268B2 JP25368199A JP25368199A JP4068268B2 JP 4068268 B2 JP4068268 B2 JP 4068268B2 JP 25368199 A JP25368199 A JP 25368199A JP 25368199 A JP25368199 A JP 25368199A JP 4068268 B2 JP4068268 B2 JP 4068268B2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、蓄電池の充電方法に関し、サイクル使用される蓄電池の充電方法に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
近年、鉛電池においては１．０Ｃ以上の比較的大きな定電流による急速充電が行われている。しかしながら、１．０Ｃ以上の比較的大きな定電流による急速充電方式では、十分な充電量を充電する前に電池電圧がガス発生電圧以上となり、酸素ガス及び水素ガスが発生して充電効率の低下とともに寿命特性の低下を引き起こす。
【０００３】
高効率な急速充電方式としてパルス充電が提案されている。この充電方式はアルカリ蓄電池を含む蓄電池一般に対して、比較的大きな定電流を通電と停止を短時間で交互に繰り返すことにより、急激な電池電圧の上昇とガス発生を抑止させた高効率な充電方法である（特開昭６４−８１６２８号公報）。
【０００４】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上記のパルス充電を鉛電池に適用すると、ある程度充電が進んだ状態では、通電中、分極成分により電圧の急激な上昇が起こってガス発生電圧以上となり、電極よりガス発生が起こって充電効率が低下する。
【０００５】
上記した、充電が進んだ状態では、通電中、分極成分により電圧の急激な上昇が起こってガス発生電圧以上となり、電極よりガス発生が起こって充電効率が低下するという課題は、特に高率電流パルスを用いた場合だけではなく、通電時間Ｔ1と停止時間Ｔ2との関係がＴ1＞Ｔ2であるパルスを用いた場合においてもみられる。
【０００６】
本発明の目的は、鉛電池に対して効率の良い鉛電池の充電方法を提供することにある。
【０００７】
本発明の他の目的は、通電中に電極よりガスが発生しない鉛電池の充電方法を提供することにある。
【０００８】
本発明のさらに他の目的は、通電中に分極成分により電圧の急激な上昇が起こらない鉛電池の充電方法を提供することにある。
【０００９】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明に係る鉛蓄電池の充電方法は、通電と停止の充電パルスをなす１．０Ｃ以上の定電流により鉛蓄電池を充電する鉛蓄電池の充電方法であって、所定の通電時間Ｔ１の間前記鉛蓄電池を充電するステップと、所定の停止時間Ｔ２の間前記鉛蓄電池の充電を停止するステップとを包含し、分極成分による好ましくない電圧上昇が発生しないように、前記通電時間Ｔ１ を、０．００５秒以上０．１秒未満の範囲に、かつ、前記停止時間Ｔ ２ を０．１秒未満に設定し、前記通電時間Ｔ 1 と前記停止時間Ｔ 2 とを、Ｔ １ ≦Ｔ ２ ≦３Ｔ １ なる関係を満足するように設定するものであり、そのことにより上記目的が達成される。
【００１２】
本発明のある局面に従えば、従来のパルス充電において、通電時間Ｔ1及び停止時間Ｔ2を短縮することによって分極成分による電圧上昇を抑制し、効率良く充電させることが可能となる。
【００１３】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明は、蓄電池に対するパルス充電の通電時間Ｔ1と停止時間Ｔ2に関するものである。
【００１４】
鉛電池に対して、通電と停止からなるパルス電流によって効率良く充電を実施する場合、通電時間Ｔ1と停止時間Ｔ2及び電流値Ｉpを決定することが求められる。
【００１５】
通常、充電と停止からなるパルス電流を鉛電池に印加したときの電圧挙動は図１のようになる。図１において、パルス電流１１を印加した直後の電圧１２の上昇は、電極や導電体・電解液などによる抵抗成分に起因する。通電時間に依存する電圧１２の上昇は、電極界面での電荷や物質の移動による分極成分に起因する。
【００１６】
前者のパルス電流１１を印加した直後の抵抗成分は、充電の進行に伴い殆ど変化しない。しかし、後者の電極界面での電荷や物質の移動による分極成分は、充電の進行に伴い増大する。
【００１７】
このことから、通電時間を短く制御する程、分極成分に起因する電圧上昇が抑制される。
【００１８】
公称電圧１２Ｖ、定格容量６０Ａｈ（３ＨＲ）の制御弁式鉛電池において、２５℃雰囲気下、１／３Ｃ定電流でＳＯＣが５０％になるまで放電させ、図２に示すパルス波形定電流２１を用いて、表１に示す通電時間Ｔ1及び停止時間Ｔ2を実施例Ａ〜実施例Ｌ及び実施例ＸおよびＹ、電流値Ｉp＝３．０Ｃでパルス充電を行った。
【００１９】
【表１】
通常、充電末期には充電反応以外に副反応が起こり電極よりガスが発生する。そのため、本実施例の充電停止条件は充電効率がほぼ１００％となるように、制御弁式鉛電池の安全弁が開弁し、鉛電池の外にガスが放出された時とした。
【００２１】
図３より明らかなように、通電時間Ｔ1及び停止時間Ｔ2に関して実施例Ａから実施例Ｇを実施するにつれて、パルス充電後のＳＯＣが６８％から８５％まで上昇し、通電時間Ｔ1及び停止時間Ｔ2が０．１０秒未満の実施例Hから実施例Ｌでは８３％以上の高いＳＯＣを確保することが可能であることがわかる。
【００２２】
このことから、充電効率がほぼ１００％である充電において、効率の良いパルス波形はＴ1＜０．１秒かつＴ2＜０．１秒である。
【００２３】
逆に、Ｔ1＜０．００５秒かつＴ2＜０．００５秒の一例である実施例Ｙでは充電反応が十分に行われないためＳＯＣは７０％以下まで低下した。
【００２４】
従って、本実施の形態に係る鉛電池の充電方法では、通電時間Ｔ1は、０．００５秒以上０．１秒未満の範囲に設定される。
【００２５】
また、Ｉpを１．０Ｃ、２．０Ｃ、３．０Ｃ、４．０Ｃのように変化させても、実施例Ｇから実施例Ｌで同様の高いＳＯＣを確保することが可能であるため、Ｉpを変化させても同様の効果があることを確認した。さらに、環境温度、放電パターン、充電開始ＳＯＣを変化させても同様の効果があることを確認した。
【００２６】
また、表２に示すように実施例ａから実施例ｅにおいて、電流値Ｉp＝４．０Ｃでパルス充電を行った。本試験においても充電停止条件は充電効率がほぼ１００％となるように、制御弁式鉛電池の安全弁が開弁し、電池外にガスが放出された時に設定した。
【００２７】
【表２】
図４から明らかなように実施例ａから実施例ｃでは、通電時間Ｔ1＝０．０１秒で停止時間Ｔ2を０．０１秒から０．０３秒へ増大させるとＳＯＣが７５％から８５％へ増大し、Ｔ1≦Ｔ2でＳＯＣ増大に対する効果がみられた。
【００２９】
逆に、実施例ｄ、ｅでは停止時間Ｔ2＝０．０１秒で通電時間Ｔ1を０．０１秒から０．０３秒へ増大させると、図５に示すようにＳＯＣは７５％から６０％まで減少し、Ｔ1＞Ｔ2においてはＳＯＣ増加に対する効果は見られなかった。
【００３０】
従って、本実施の形態に係る鉛電池の充電方法では、通電時間Ｔ1と停止時間Ｔ2とは、Ｔ1≦Ｔ2なる関係を満足するように設定される。
【００３１】
以上のように本実施の形態によれば、所定の通電時間Ｔ1の間蓄電池を充電するステップと、所定の停止時間Ｔ2の間蓄電池の充電を停止するステップとを包含し、通電時間Ｔ1は、分極成分による好ましくない電圧上昇が発生しないように十分短く設定されるので、通電中に電極よりガスが発生せず、鉛電池に対して効率の良い鉛電池の充電方式を提供することができる。
【００３２】
【発明の効果】
以上のように本発明によれば、鉛電池に対して効率の良い鉛電池の充電方法を提供することができる。
【００３３】
また本発明によれば、通電中に電極よりガスが発生しない鉛電池の充電方法を提供することができる。
【００３４】
さらに本発明によれば、通電中に分極成分により電圧の急激な上昇が起こらない鉛電池の充電方法を提供することができる。
【００３５】
以上の通り本発明は、特定条件のパルス波形となる定電流により蓄電池を効率良く急速充電することができるため、実用上極めて有用である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】実施の形態に係るパルス充電時の電圧変化を示すグラフ。
【図２】実施の形態に係る鉛電池の充電方法におけるパルス電流波形を示すグラフ。
【図３】実施の形態に係るパルス幅に対する充電特性（Ｔ1：Ｔ2＝１：１）を示すグラフ。
【図４】実施の形態に係るパルス幅に対する充電特性（Ｔ1≦Ｔ2）を示すグラフ。
【図５】実施の形態に係るパルス幅に対する充電特性（Ｔ1＞Ｔ2）を示すグラフ。
【符号の説明】
Ｔ1 通電時間
Ｔ2 停止時間[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for charging a storage battery, and relates to a method for charging a storage battery used in a cycle.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, lead batteries have been rapidly charged with a relatively large constant current of 1.0 C or more. However, in the quick charge method with a relatively large constant current of 1.0C or more, the battery voltage becomes equal to or higher than the gas generation voltage before charging a sufficient charge amount, and oxygen gas and hydrogen gas are generated, resulting in a decrease in charging efficiency. It causes a decrease in life characteristics.
[0003]
Pulse charging has been proposed as a highly efficient rapid charging method. This charging method is a highly efficient charging method that suppresses sudden battery voltage rise and gas generation by repeating energization and stopping alternately in a short time with a relatively large constant current for general storage batteries including alkaline storage batteries. (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 64-81628).
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, when the above pulse charging is applied to a lead battery, in a state where the charging has progressed to some extent, a sudden increase in voltage occurs due to the polarization component during energization, resulting in a gas generation voltage or more, and gas generation occurs from the electrode, resulting in charging efficiency. Decreases.
[0005]
In the state where the charging is advanced as described above, the problem that the voltage suddenly rises due to the polarization component and becomes higher than the gas generation voltage during energization, and gas generation occurs from the electrode and the charging efficiency decreases, particularly the high rate current. Not only when the pulse is used, but also when the pulse whose relationship between the energization time T 1 and the stop time T 2 is T 1 > T 2 is used.
[0006]
An object of the present invention is to provide a lead battery charging method that is more efficient than lead batteries.
[0007]
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for charging a lead battery in which gas is not generated from an electrode during energization.
[0008]
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method for charging a lead battery in which a sudden increase in voltage does not occur due to a polarization component during energization.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
A method of charging a lead storage battery according to the present invention is a method of charging a lead storage battery to charge the lead-acid battery by 1.0C or more constant current forming the charge pulse energization and stop, during said predetermined energization time T 1 a step of charging the lead-acid battery, includes a step of stopping the charging of predetermined said lead-acid battery during the stop time T 2, as undesirable voltage rise due to the polarization component does not occur, the energization time T 1, the range of less than 0.005 seconds 0.1 seconds, and the stopping time T 2 is set to less than 0.1 seconds, the energization time T 1 and the said stop time T 2, T 1 ≦ T 2 It is set so as to satisfy the relationship of ≦ 3T 1 , thereby achieving the above object.
[0012]
According to an aspect of the present invention, in conventional pulse charging, it is possible to suppress the voltage increase due to the polarization component by shortening the energization time T 1 and the stop time T 2, and to charge efficiently.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an energization time T 1 and a stop time T 2 of pulse charging for a storage battery.
[0014]
When the lead battery is efficiently charged with a pulse current composed of energization and stop, it is required to determine the energization time T 1 , the stop time T 2, and the current value I p .
[0015]
Normally, the voltage behavior when a pulse current consisting of charging and stopping is applied to a lead battery is as shown in FIG. In FIG. 1, the increase in the
[0016]
The resistance component immediately after the
[0017]
For this reason, as the energization time is controlled to be shorter, the voltage increase due to the polarization component is suppressed.
[0018]
In a control valve type lead-acid battery with a nominal voltage of 12V and a rated capacity of 60Ah (3HR), discharge was performed at 25C in an atmosphere at 1 / 3C constant current until the SOC reached 50%, and a pulse waveform
[0019]
[Table 1]
Usually, at the end of charging, side reactions occur in addition to charging reactions, and gas is generated from the electrodes. For this reason, the charging stop condition of this example was set to be when the safety valve of the control valve type lead battery was opened and gas was released out of the lead battery so that the charging efficiency was almost 100%.
[0021]
As is clear from FIG. 3, as Example A to Example G are performed with respect to the energization time T 1 and the stop time T 2 , the SOC after pulse charging increases from 68% to 85%, and the energization time T 1 and It can be seen that in Examples H to L where the stop time T 2 is less than 0.10 seconds, a high SOC of 83% or more can be secured.
[0022]
From this, in charging where the charging efficiency is almost 100%, efficient pulse waveforms are T 1 <0.1 seconds and T 2 <0.1 seconds.
[0023]
Conversely, in Example Y, which is an example of T 1 <0.005 seconds and T 2 <0.005 seconds, the SOC was lowered to 70% or less because the charging reaction was not sufficiently performed.
[0024]
Therefore, in the lead battery charging method according to the present embodiment, the energization time T 1 is set in the range of 0.005 seconds or more and less than 0.1 seconds.
[0025]
Further, even if I p is changed to 1.0C, 2.0C, 3.0C, 4.0C, it is possible to ensure the same high SOC in Example G to Example L. It was confirmed that the same effect was obtained even when I p was changed. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the same effect was obtained even when the environmental temperature, the discharge pattern, and the charge start SOC were changed.
[0026]
Further, as shown in Table 2, in Examples a to e, pulse charging was performed at a current value I p = 4.0C. Also in this test, the charge stop condition was set when the safety valve of the control valve type lead battery was opened and gas was released out of the battery so that the charge efficiency was almost 100%.
[0027]
[Table 2]
As is apparent from FIG. 4, in Examples a to c, when the energization time T 1 = 0.01 seconds and the stop time T 2 is increased from 0.01 seconds to 0.03 seconds, the SOC is increased from 75% to 85%. %, And an effect on increasing SOC was observed when T 1 ≦ T 2 .
[0029]
On the other hand, in Examples d and e, when the energization time T 1 is increased from 0.01 seconds to 0.03 seconds with the stop time T 2 = 0.01 seconds, the SOC decreases from 75% to 60 as shown in FIG. %, And no effect on increasing SOC was found at T 1 > T 2 .
[0030]
Therefore, in the lead battery charging method according to the present embodiment, the energization time T 1 and the stop time T 2 are set so as to satisfy the relationship T 1 ≦ T 2 .
[0031]
As described above, according to the present embodiment, the method includes the step of charging the storage battery for a predetermined energization time T 1 and the step of stopping the charging of the storage battery for a predetermined stop time T 2. 1 is set sufficiently short so as not to cause an undesired voltage increase due to the polarization component, so that no gas is generated from the electrode during energization, and an efficient lead battery charging method is provided for lead batteries Can do.
[0032]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a lead battery charging method that is more efficient than lead batteries.
[0033]
Moreover, according to this invention, the charging method of the lead battery which does not generate | occur | produce gas from an electrode during electricity supply can be provided.
[0034]
Furthermore, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a method for charging a lead battery in which a sudden increase in voltage does not occur due to a polarization component during energization.
[0035]
As described above, the present invention is extremely useful in practice because the storage battery can be quickly and efficiently charged with a constant current having a pulse waveform under a specific condition.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing a voltage change during pulse charging according to an embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing a pulse current waveform in the lead battery charging method according to the embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing charging characteristics with respect to pulse width (T 1 : T 2 = 1: 1) according to the embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing charging characteristics with respect to pulse width (T 1 ≦ T 2 ) according to the embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing charging characteristics with respect to pulse width (T 1 > T 2 ) according to the embodiment.
[Explanation of symbols]
T 1 energization time T 2 stop time
Claims (1)
所定の通電時間Ｔ１の間前記鉛蓄電池を充電するステップと、
所定の停止時間Ｔ２の間前記鉛蓄電池の充電を停止するステップとを包含し、
分極成分による好ましくない電圧上昇が発生しないように、前記通電時間Ｔ１ を、０．００５秒以上０．１秒未満の範囲に、かつ、前記停止時間Ｔ ２ を０．１秒未満に設定し、
前記通電時間Ｔ 1 と前記停止時間Ｔ 2 とを、Ｔ １ ≦Ｔ ２ ≦３Ｔ １ なる関係を満足するように設定する、鉛蓄電池の充電方法。The 1.0C above constant current forming the charge pulse energization and stop a charging method for lead-acid battery to charge the lead-acid battery,
A step of charging the lead storage battery for a predetermined energization time T 1,
Includes a step of stopping the predetermined charging of the lead acid battery during the stop time T 2,
The energization time T 1 is set in the range of 0.005 seconds or more and less than 0.1 seconds, and the stop time T 2 is set to less than 0.1 seconds so that an undesirable voltage increase due to the polarization component does not occur. ,
The lead- acid battery charging method , wherein the energization time T 1 and the stop time T 2 are set so as to satisfy a relationship of T 1 ≦ T 2 ≦ 3T 1 .
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP25368199A JP4068268B2 (en) | 1999-09-07 | 1999-09-07 | Lead-acid battery charging method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP25368199A JP4068268B2 (en) | 1999-09-07 | 1999-09-07 | Lead-acid battery charging method |
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| JP2001078369A JP2001078369A (en) | 2001-03-23 |
| JP4068268B2 true JP4068268B2 (en) | 2008-03-26 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| SI21248B (en) * | 2002-06-20 | 2008-12-31 | Mikro + Polo Druĺ˝Ba Za Inĺ˝Eniring, Proizvodnjo In Trgovino D.O.O. | Method and device for fast recharging of batteries |
| JP2007012546A (en) * | 2005-07-04 | 2007-01-18 | Gs Yuasa Corporation:Kk | Method of charging lead accumulator and charger for lead accumulator |
| US8933662B2 (en) | 2012-07-26 | 2015-01-13 | Daifuku Co., Ltd. | Charging apparatus for lead storage battery |
| JP5982317B2 (en) * | 2013-03-29 | 2016-08-31 | Ｋｙｂ株式会社 | Charge control device and hybrid construction machine |
| CN106058347B (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2018-12-14 | 济源市万洋绿色能源有限公司 | A kind of lead-acid accumulator is internalized into pulse charge method |
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