JP3964925B2 - イメージおよびビデオコード化方法 - Google Patents
イメージおよびビデオコード化方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP3964925B2 JP3964925B2 JP2006279188A JP2006279188A JP3964925B2 JP 3964925 B2 JP3964925 B2 JP 3964925B2 JP 2006279188 A JP2006279188 A JP 2006279188A JP 2006279188 A JP2006279188 A JP 2006279188A JP 3964925 B2 JP3964925 B2 JP 3964925B2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
- G06F17/10—Complex mathematical operations
- G06F17/14—Fourier, Walsh or analogous domain transformations, e.g. Laplace, Hilbert, Karhunen-Loeve, transforms
- G06F17/147—Discrete orthonormal transforms, e.g. discrete cosine transform, discrete sine transform, and variations therefrom, e.g. modified discrete cosine transform, integer transforms approximating the discrete cosine transform
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/42—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals characterised by implementation details or hardware specially adapted for video compression or decompression, e.g. dedicated software implementation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
- H04N19/124—Quantisation
- H04N19/126—Details of normalisation or weighting functions, e.g. normalisation matrices or variable uniform quantisers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/60—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/60—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding
- H04N19/61—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding in combination with predictive coding
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Description
背景として、離散コサイン変換(DCT)は、線形変換X=Hxによって長さNのベクトルxを変換係数の新しいベクトルXに写像する。ここで、Hの第k行第n列の要素は、k=0、1、...、N−1、n=0、1、...、N−1に対して、
Q(k、n)=round(a^H(k、n))
を使用することである。ここでa^は倍率変更パラメータである。
A=13a+13b+13c+13d
B=17a+7b−7c−17d
C=13a−13b−13c+13d
D=7a−17b+17c−7d
A=a+b+c+d
B=2a+b−c−2d
C=a−b−c+d
D=a−2b+2c−d
v=b+c、
y=b−c、
z=a−d、
A=u+v、
C=u−v、
B=y+(z<<1)、
D=z−(y<<1)
ここでLは量子化済み係数、Kは変換済み係数、A(QP、r)は量子化パラメータQPおよびrによってインデックス付けされた増倍率であり、rはどのテーブル(QO、Ql、Q2)を使用するかを識別し、fXは範囲[0〜0.5]×220(fXはKと同じ符号を有する)、>>20は数を倍率縮小するために右に20個シフトすること(1,048,576で除すること)を意味する。したがって量子化処理には、誤差が持ち込まれる。量子化のために32ビット演算が使用されるが、これは、符号化のときにのみ必要であり、それは復号化のときほどには重要ではない(非量子化は、以下に述べるように16ビットの正確さしか必要ではない)ことに留意されたい。
係数が位置{(0、2)、(0、3)、(1、2)、(1、3)、(2、0)、(2、1)、(3、0)、(3、1)}から来た場合、r=1(Q1を使用)
係数が位置{(2、2)、(2、3)、(3、2)、(3、3)}から来た場合、r=2(Q2を使用)
20ビット右にシフトの後に、それぞれの量子化済み結果Lは16ビット整数に適合する。
A(QP=0..31,r=0)={104858,93418,83226,
74146,66056,58849,52429,46709,41613,
37073,33028,29425,26214,23354,20806,
18536,16514,14712,13107,11677,10403,
9268,8257,7356,6554,5839,5202,4634,
4129,3678,3277,2919};
A(QP=0..31,r=1)={66318,59082,52636,
46894,41778,37220,33159,29541,26318,
23447,20889,18610,16579,14771,13159,
11723,10444,9305,8290,7385,6580,
5862,5222,4652,4145,3693,3290,2931,
2611,2326,2072,1846};
A(QP=0..31,r=2)={41943,37367,33290,
29658,26422,23540,20972,18684,16645,
14829,13211,11770,10486,9342,8323,
7415,6606,5885,5243,4671,4161,3707,
3303,2942,2621,2335,2081,1854,1651,
1471,1311,1168}.
K′=L×B(QP、r)
を実行する非量子化処理228によって再構築された(非量子化された)値K′に変換される。ここで、増倍率Bは、符号化時に使用されるインデックスQPに依存し、rは、(3ノルムに適合するための)テーブルD0、D1、D2の1つからパラメータを選択することによって、非量子化パラメータ230を決定する。おそらくデコーダ上の計算の複雑性を減らすが、少なくともrを識別するために係数毎に2ビット余計に送ることが必要なこのr値をエンコーダから送ることは実現可能であるが、量子化に関して上述したように、ブロック内の非量子化されている係数の位置からrを導き出すことができることに留意されたい。
B(QP=0..31,r=0)={80,90,101,113,127,
143,160,180,202,226,254,285,320,359,
403,453,508,570,640,718,806,905,
1016,1140,1280,1437,1613,1810,2032,
2281,2560,2874};
B(QP=0..31,r=1)={101,114,127,143,
161,180,202,227,255,286,321,361,405,
454,510,572,643,721,810,909,1020,
1145,1285,1443,1619,1817,2040,2290,
2570,2885,3239,3635};
B(QP=0..31,r=2)={128,144,161,181,
203,228,256,287,323,362,406,456,512,
575,645,724,813,912,1024,1149,1290,
1448,1625,1825,2048,2299,2580,2896,
3252,3650,4095,4596}.
u=A+C;
v=A−C;
y=(B>>1)−D;
z=(D>>1)+B;
a′=u+z;
b′=v+y;
c′=v−y;
d′=u−z;
によって計算され、ここでu、v、yおよびzは補助変数であり、>>1は1ビット右にシフト(1/2を乗算することに等価)することを意味する。符号化と同様に、図4に表されるバタフライ構造を介して、これらの方程式は実際に、係数当たりすべて16ビット演算の4つの加算演算および1つのシフト演算に減少させる。最後に、逆変換処理234(図2)は、再構築済み画素値を2−7だけ倍率変更する(7ビット右にシフト演算を介して実行される)。
202 入力画素データ
204 画素変換処理
206 行変換処理
208 列変換処理
210 変換係数
212 量子化処理
214 量子化パラメータ
216 量子化済み係数(整数)
218 エントロピエンコーダ
222 ブロック変換デコーダ
224 エントロピデコーダ
226 量子化済み係数(整数)
228 非量子化処理
230 非量子化パラメータ
232 変換係数
234 逆変換処理
236 列逆変換処理
238 行逆変換処理
240 出力画素データ
Claims (12)
- 離散コサイン変換の整数近似を使用して符号化されたビデオまたはイメージの情報を復号化する方法であって、
復号化される前記ビデオまたはイメージの情報のための量子化変換係数を受信するステップと、
前記復号化されるビデオまたはイメージの情報のための非量子化変換係数に当該受信した量子化変換係数を非量子化するステップと、
前記復号化されるビデオまたはイメージの情報のための非量子化変換係数に逆変換処理を適用するステップとを有し、そこでは、前記逆変換処理は、
u=A+C;
v=A−C;
y=(B>>1)−D;
z=(D>>1)+B;
a‘=u+z;
b‘=v+y;
c‘=v−y;
d‘=u−z
の式により与えられる結果を生成する逆変換計算を含み、A、B、CおよびDは逆変換されるべき値を示し、u、v、yおよびzは補助変数を示し、およびa‘、b‘、c‘およびd‘は逆変換値を示し、前記逆変換計算は異なるノルムを有する複数の列を持つ逆変換行列の計算であり、前記非量子化するステップで少なくとも部分的に前記異なるノルムについての補正が行われることを特徴とする方法。 - 前記逆変換処理は行および列の変換処理を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記逆変換処理の第1の処理中で前記逆変換されるべき値は非量子化変換数であり、前記逆変換処理の第2の処理中で逆変換されるべき値は前記第1の処理からの逆変換値であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記逆変換処理はバタフライ構造を使用して実行されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記量子化変換係数は論理的に1つのブロックに構成され、非量子化処理で、倍率要素の複数のグループから選択された倍率要素により量子化変換係数を調整し、前記倍率要素の複数のグループの各々は異なる1つまたは異なる複数のノルムと関連し、その選択は前記ブロック内の量子化変換係数の相対位置および量子化パラメータに基づくことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記非量子化変換係数は4×4ブロックの再構築の予測誤差情報のためのものであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記非量子化変換係数は4×4ブロックの再構築の画素値のためのものであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記逆変換処理は4×4ブロックの16右シフト演算、複数の加算演算および複数の減算演算で構成されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 離散コサイン変換の整数近似を使用して符号化されたビデオ情報を復号化するビデオデコーダであって、
復号化される前記ビデオ情報のための非量子化変換係数に量子化変換係数を非量子化する手段と、
前記復号化されるビデオまたはイメージの情報のための非量子化変換係数に逆変換処理を適用する手段を備え、前記逆変換処理は、
u=A+C;
v=A−C;
y=(B>>1)−D;
z=(D>>1)+B;
a‘=u+z;
b‘=v+y;
c‘=v−y;
d‘=u−z
の式により与えられる結果を生成する逆変換計算を含み、A、B、CおよびDは逆変換されるべき値を示し、u、v、yおよびzは補助変数を示し、およびa‘、b‘、c‘およびd‘は逆変換値を示し、前記逆変換計算は異なるノルムを有する複数の列を持つ逆変換行列の計算であり、前記非量子化する処理で少なくとも部分的に前記異なるノルムについての補正が行われることを特徴とするビデオデコーダ。 - 前記量子化変換係数は論理的に1つのブロックに構成され、非量子化処理で、倍率要素の複数のグループから選択された倍率要素により量子化変換係数を調整し、前記倍率要素の複数のグループの各々は異なる1つまたは異なる複数のノルムと関連し、その選択は前記ブロック内の量子化変換係数の相対位置および量子化パラメータに基づくことを特徴とする請求項9に記載のビデオデコーダ。
- 前記逆変換処理の第1の処理中で前記逆変換されるべき値は非量子化変換数であり、前記逆変換処理の第2の処理中で逆変換されるべき値は前記第1の処理からの逆変換値であることを特徴とする請求項9に記載のビデオデコーダ。
- 前記非量子化変換係数は4×4ブロックの再構築の予測誤差情報のためのものであることを特徴とする請求項11に記載のビデオデコーダ。
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US09/955,577 US6882685B2 (en) | 2001-09-18 | 2001-09-18 | Block transform and quantization for image and video coding |
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JP2006279189A Expired - Lifetime JP4560028B2 (ja) | 2001-09-18 | 2006-10-12 | イメージおよびビデオコード化方法 |
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EP (4) | EP1750450B1 (ja) |
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KR (4) | KR100839311B1 (ja) |
CN (4) | CN100463522C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE20222025U1 (ja) |
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JP2007122711A (ja) * | 2001-09-18 | 2007-05-17 | Microsoft Corp | イメージおよびビデオコード化方法 |
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JP4560033B2 (ja) * | 2001-09-18 | 2010-10-13 | マイクロソフト コーポレーション | ビデオまたはイメージのデータを復号化するための方法 |
JP4560027B2 (ja) * | 2001-09-18 | 2010-10-13 | マイクロソフト コーポレーション | イメージおよびビデオコード化方法 |
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