JP3683727B2 - How to close the penetration - Google Patents

How to close the penetration Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3683727B2
JP3683727B2 JP01182399A JP1182399A JP3683727B2 JP 3683727 B2 JP3683727 B2 JP 3683727B2 JP 01182399 A JP01182399 A JP 01182399A JP 1182399 A JP1182399 A JP 1182399A JP 3683727 B2 JP3683727 B2 JP 3683727B2
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cylinder
peripheral surface
hole
inorganic foam
outer peripheral
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JP2000000326A (en
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昭八 清水
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Mirai Kogyo KK
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Mirai Kogyo KK
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Priority to JP01182399A priority Critical patent/JP3683727B2/en
Priority to KR1019990009975A priority patent/KR19990082762A/en
Priority to TW088105280A priority patent/TW508419B/en
Priority to US09/285,856 priority patent/US6530187B2/en
Priority to DE19917127A priority patent/DE19917127B4/en
Priority to FR9904742A priority patent/FR2777627B1/en
Publication of JP2000000326A publication Critical patent/JP2000000326A/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C2/00—Fire prevention or containment
    • A62C2/04—Removing or cutting-off the supply of inflammable material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L5/00—Devices for use where pipes, cables or protective tubing pass through walls or partitions
    • F16L5/02—Sealing
    • F16L5/04—Sealing to form a firebreak device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L5/00—Devices for use where pipes, cables or protective tubing pass through walls or partitions
    • F16L5/02—Sealing

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、建築物の壁、床等の区画部に形成された貫通孔の内周面と、そこに貫通支持される配管や電気配線等の外周面との間に形成される隙間を充填閉鎖するための貫通部閉鎖方法に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
図８に示すように、従来、貫通部閉鎖装置３７は、区画部３２に形成された貫通孔３４に管３３を貫通させ、その外周面と貫通孔３４の内周面との隙間にモルタル、ロックウール等の不燃材料３５を充填していた。そして、管３３内に被貫通体としてケーブル３６等を通していた。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところが、貫通孔３４の内周面と、管３３の外周面との間の隙間に不燃材料３５を充填する作業は、管３３等を所望位置となるように人手により保持しながら行わなければならず、非常に面倒かつ困難であった。さらに、不燃材料３５が完全に硬化するのに２〜３日間必要とし、その間はケーブル３６等を通すことができず、施工において時期的制約を受けるものであった。
【０００４】
また、貫通孔３４の内周面と、管３３の外周面との間の隙間に不燃材料３５を充填した後であっても、不燃材料３５が硬化する前に、管３３等の自重により不燃材料３５が沈み込むおそれがあった。その場合には、管３３と不燃材料３５の間に新たに隙間が生じてしまうとともに、管３３を貫通孔３４に強固に固定することができないという問題があった。さらに、その隙間を埋めるために不燃材料３５を再度充填する作業が必要となり、作業効率が低下するとともに、施工コストの上昇を招くという問題もあった。
【０００５】
この発明は、このような従来技術に存在する問題に着目してなされたものである。その目的とするところは、区画部の貫通孔の内周面と、その内側に挿通される貫通筒体の外周面との間に形成される隙間を確実に充填閉鎖するとともに、貫通孔に貫通筒体を強固に貫通支持することができるようにすることにある。その他の目的は、作業効率を向上させることができるとともに、施工コストの低減を図ることができるようにすることにある。
【０００６】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記の目的を達成するために、請求項１に記載の貫通部閉鎖方法は、建築物の壁、床等の区画部に形成された貫通孔に貫通筒体を挿通し、前記貫通孔の内周面と貫通筒体の外周面との間に形成される隙間に設けられた耐火充填形成材を膨張させ、前記隙間を埋めて貫通筒体を貫通孔に貫通支持させるものである。
【００２２】
請求項２に記載の貫通部閉鎖方法は、請求項１に記載の発明において、前記耐火充填形成材は、貫通筒体の外周面に予め被覆形成されるものである。
請求項３に記載の貫通部閉鎖方法は、請求項１又は２に記載の発明において、耐火充填形成材として加熱により膨張する材料を使用するものである。
【００２３】
請求項４に記載の貫通部閉鎖方法は、請求項１〜３のいずれかに記載の発明において、前記貫通筒体を直接加熱して耐火充填形成材を膨張させるものである。
請求項５に記載の貫通部閉鎖方法は、請求項４に記載の発明において、耐火充填形成材の膨張は、前記貫通筒体の内側からの加熱によるものである。
【００２５】
【発明の実施の形態】
（第１実施形態）
以下、この発明の第１実施形態について詳細に説明する。
【００２６】
図１及び図２に示すように、区画部１２は、建築物等の壁、床、天井等である。貫通孔１３は、区画部１２に貫通形成され、区画部１２を施工する際、ボイド管１４により形成される。前記ボイド管１４は、紙により円筒状に形成され、その外周面には、断面山形状をなす金属リング１５が複数個嵌着されている。
【００２７】
そして、一対の型枠１７が所定間隔をおいて配置され、その間にコンクリートが打設される。その際、ボイド管１４が、型枠１７間にセットされる。
コンクリート硬化後に、型枠１７を取り外し、ボイド管１４及び金属リング１５を除去する又はボイド管１４のみを除去することにより、区画部１２に貫通孔１３が形成されるとともに、金属リング１５により貫通孔１３の内周面に複数の環状凹部１８が形成される。
【００２８】
図３に示すように、貫通部閉鎖具１９は、前記区画部１２の貫通孔１３に挿通される貫通筒体２０と、貫通筒体２０の外周面に付着され、膨張状態において前記貫通孔１３の内周面と貫通筒体２０の外周面との間に形成される隙間を充填する耐火充填形成材２１とよりなる。貫通筒体２０は、金属材料により円筒状に形成され、図１に示すように、その内側に被貫通体としてのケーブル２２を通すことができる。
【００２９】
耐火充填形成材としての無機発泡材２１（株式会社常盤電機製 ＧＲＡＮＤＥＸ ＦＪ５１５）は、貫通筒体２０の中央部外周に付着されている。この無機発泡材２１は、合成膨潤性雲母をアルカリ塩の水溶液に分散したものを主成分としたものである。前記合成膨潤性雲母は固相反応によって合成された微粉ナトリウム・フッ素雲母であり、平均粒径は１〜５μｍ、層厚さが１０オングストローム（Å）のものである。そして、層間に無機・有機物をインターカレートして複合体を形成する特性を有する。アルカリ塩としては珪酸ソーダが使用される。
【００３０】
次に、無機発泡材２１の製造方法について説明する。合成膨潤性雲母を珪酸ソーダの水溶液に分散すると、合成膨潤性雲母は水分を層間に吸着して膨潤し、層間のナトリウムイオンあるいはリチウムイオンなどの陽イオンが水中に溶解して、微細にへき開し始める。このため、合成膨潤性雲母の結晶は層間部分が陰イオンに帯電し、鱗片の反対側の面が陽イオンに帯電する。この状態で、珪酸ソーダのナトリウムイオンが合成膨潤性雲母の陰イオンに帯電している層間に電気的に吸引されてインターカレートされ複合化し、液状の無機発泡材２１が得られる。
【００３１】
次に、合成膨潤性雲母と珪酸ソーダの混合液を乾燥して水分を蒸発させると、濃縮によって合成膨潤性雲母の結晶鱗片相互が水を内部に包含しながら接近し、ゲル化する。このとき、へき開した合成膨潤性雲母の結晶鱗片は層間部分が陰イオン、反対面が陽イオンに帯電しているので、相互が静電気的に引き寄せられ、結晶鱗片の平面部と端面部とがランダムに当接してカードハウス状に組み立てられた構造で結合し、ゲル状の無機発泡材２１が得られる。
【００３２】
そして、ゲル状の無機発泡材２１を貫通筒体２０の外周面に塗布した後、乾燥させて固化させることにより貫通部閉鎖具１９を得ることができる。この無機発泡材２１は、１５０℃〜２００℃、必要であればそれ以上の温度に加熱することにより、その体積が加熱前の３〜５倍に発泡し、数十分後に硬化する。
【００３３】
そのため、貫通筒体２０を貫通孔１３に強固に固定することができ、その抜け落ちを防止することができる。また、無機質材料により形成されているため、加熱等により炭化することはない。
【００３４】
無機発泡材２１と対応するように、貫通筒体２０の外周面にはローレット等により凹凸（図示しない）が形成されている。貫通筒体２０の両端には耐火材２５が充填される。この耐火材２５は、パテ等の難燃性材料よりなり、例えば、クロロプレンゴムに含水ケイ酸ソーダ（水ガラス）を含ませたものが使用される。
【００３５】
さて、図３に示すように、貫通筒体２０の外周面に予め無機発泡材２１が付着された貫通部閉鎖具１９を、貫通孔１３に挿通し、無機発泡材２１を貫通孔１３の内周面に対応させる。そして、貫通筒体２０の内側にバーナー２９等を挿入して加熱する。その結果、熱が貫通筒体２０の内側から貫通筒体２０全体に伝達し、無機発泡材２１が加熱される。
【００３６】
このとき、無機発泡材２１の結晶間に残留していた水分が完全に蒸発し、結晶間が急激に膨張して、水分の飛散後に連続的に連なる微細な空隙が残る。このような無機発泡材２１の均等な連続発泡により、図４に示すように、貫通孔１３の内周面及び複数の環状凹部１８と貫通筒体２０との間の隙間が無機発泡体により充填閉鎖され、数十分後に硬化して耐火充填材２３となり、貫通部閉鎖装置１１が構成される。そのため、少量の無機発泡材２１により耐火充填材２３を形成し、貫通孔１３の内周面及び複数の環状凹部１８と貫通筒体２０との間の隙間を充填することができ、施工コストの低減を図ることができる。
【００３７】
このとき、貫通孔１３の内周面には、複数の環状凹部１８が形成されているため、耐火充填材２３の引き抜き強度を向上させることができる。また、貫通筒体２０の外周面にも凹凸が形成されているため、貫通筒体２０の引き抜き強度を向上させることができる。
【００３８】
耐火充填材２３の形成後、図１に示すように、貫通孔１３に貫通支持された貫通筒体２０の内側に被貫通体としてのケーブル２２等を通す。そして、貫通筒体２０の両端内側面とケーブル２２との間に耐火材２５を充填し、貫通筒体２０の内周面とケーブル２２の外周面との間の隙間を充填する。
【００３９】
その結果、貫通孔１３と貫通筒体２０との間の隙間には耐火充填材２３が、貫通筒体２０とケーブル２２との間の隙間には耐火材２５が充填される。そのため、上記貫通部閉鎖装置１１が設置された建築物に万一火災が発生した場合、貫通孔１３や貫通筒体２０が、延焼や煙の経路となるのを防止することができる。
【００４０】
第１実施形態によれば、次のような効果が発揮される。
・ 区画部１２の貫通孔１３の内周面と、貫通筒体２０の外周面との間の隙間は、耐火充填材２３により充填閉鎖されている。そのため、前記隙間を確実に充填閉鎖することができる。
【００４１】
・ 貫通孔１３と、貫通筒体２０との間の隙間に充填された無機発泡材２１は加熱と同時に発泡し、それが急速に硬化する。そのため、作業効率を向上させることができるとともに、施工コストの低減を図ることができる。しかも、貫通筒体２０の自重により、耐火充填材２３と貫通筒体２０の間に新たに隙間が生じるのを未然に防止することができる。その結果、再度隙間に無機発泡材２１を充填する必要がなく、前記と同様に作業効率の向上及び施工コストの低減を図ることができる。
【００４２】
・ 貫通筒体２０は金属材料により形成されている。そのため、貫通筒体２０をその内側から加熱したとき、熱が貫通筒体２０を介して無機発泡材２１に効率良く伝達される。その結果、無機発泡材２１が効率良く発泡し、隙間を耐火充填材２３により確実に充填閉鎖することができる。
【００４３】
・ 貫通筒体２０の両端内側とケーブル２２との間の隙間には耐火材２５が充填されている。そのため、貫通部閉鎖装置１１が設置された建築物に万一火災が発生しても、延焼経路や煙の経路になるのを防止することができる。
【００４４】
・ 無機発泡材２１の連続発泡により無機発泡体を形成し、貫通孔１３の内周面及び複数の環状凹部１８と貫通筒体２０との間の隙間が無機発泡体により充填閉鎖され、数十分後に硬化して耐火充填材２３となる。そのため、少量の無機発泡材２１により、耐火充填材２３を形成して貫通孔１３の内周面及び複数の環状凹部１８と貫通筒体２０との間の隙間を充填することができ、施工コストの低減を図ることができる。
【００４５】
・ 無機発泡材２１が発泡した無機発泡体により形成される耐火充填材２３は、１００％無機質材料により形成されている。そのため、貫通部閉鎖装置１１が設置された建築物に万一火災が発生しても、耐火充填材２３は炭化せず所要の防火機能を維持することができる。
【００４６】
・ 無機発泡材２１は、加熱したとき、貫通筒体２０の全周にわたってほぼ均等に連続発泡するため、貫通筒体２０は無機発泡材２１の発泡により貫通孔１３の中央に自然に配置される。そのため、貫通筒体２０が貫通孔１３の中央に位置するように人手で保持する手間を省くことができ、作業効率を向上させることができる。
【００４７】
・ 無機発泡材２１は合成膨潤性雲母を珪酸ソーダに分散してゲル化し、さらに乾燥して固化したものを主成分としているため、加熱により確実に発泡する。
・ 貫通部閉鎖具１９は、貫通筒体２０の外周面に無機発泡材２１を付着して構成されている。そのため、貫通部閉鎖具１９は部品点数が少なく、取り扱いが容易である。
【００４８】
・ 無機発泡材２１は、貫通筒体２０の外周面に予め付着されている。そのため、無機発泡材２１を、貫通孔１３と貫通筒体２０との間に充填する作業が不要となり、作業時間の短縮を図ることができる。
【００４９】
・ 無機発泡材２１は加熱されることにより、体積が約３〜５倍に、数十分後に硬化する。その結果、貫通筒体２０内にケーブル２２を通す作業を即座に行うことができ、作業時間の短縮を図ることができる。
【００５０】
・ 貫通孔１３の内周面には、複数の環状凹部１８が形成されている。そのため、耐火充填材２３の引き抜き強度が向上する。
・ 貫通筒体２０の外周面には凹凸が形成されている。そのため、耐火充填材２３の引き抜き強度が向上する。
【００５１】
（第２実施形態）
以下の各実施形態では、前記第１実施形態と異なる部分を主に説明する。
図５に示すように、第２実施形態では、耐火充填形成材としての無機発泡材２１が貫通筒体２０の外周面に付着されていない状態で貫通孔１３内に挿通される。その後、貫通孔１３の内周面と貫通筒体２０の外周面との間の隙間に、充填器２６等によりゲル状又は液状の無機発泡材２１が充填される。
【００５２】
さらに、バーナー２９等を貫通筒体２０の内側に挿入し、貫通筒体２０を加熱するとともに、無機発泡材２１を加熱して発泡させる。このため、前記隙間が無機発泡材２１が発泡して形成された無機発泡体により充填閉鎖され、数十分後に硬化して耐火充填材２３になる。その結果、貫通筒体２０を貫通孔１３に貫通支持することができる。
【００５３】
第２実施形態によれば、ゲル状又は液状の無機発泡材２１が貫通孔１３の内周面と貫通筒体２０の外周面との間の隙間に充填される。そのため、前記隙間の大きさに対応させて充填される無機発泡材２１の量を調節することができる。従って、貫通孔１３の内周面と貫通筒体２０の外周面との間の隙間を、耐火充填材２３により確実に充填閉鎖することができる。また、無機発泡材２１の浪費を防止して施工コストの低減を図ることができる。
【００５４】
また、無機発泡材２１が貫通筒体２０の外周面に予め付着されていることに基づく効果を除いて、前記第１実施形態と同様な効果を発揮する。
（第３実施形態）
第３実施形態では、図６に示すように、貫通筒体２０を貫通孔１３内に挿通したとき、貫通孔１３の両開口部に対応する貫通筒体２０の外周面に２箇所に耐火充填形成材としての無機発泡材２１を予め付着した。
【００５５】
従って、第３実施形態によれば、無機発泡材２１を節約して製造コストの低減を図ることができる。
（第４実施形態）
第４実施形態では、図７（ａ）、（ｂ）に示すように、耐火充填形成材としてゴム等の軟質材料を含有する熱膨張材２７を使用した。そして、筒状に形成された熱膨張材２７を貫通筒体２０の外周面に予め嵌着する若しくは施工時に熱膨張材２７を貫通筒体２０の外周に嵌着しても良く、又は施工時に板状の熱膨脹材２７を貫通筒体２０の外周面に巻装しても良い。熱膨張材２７の両側において、貫通筒体２０の外周面には、連結体としてのビス３０により、断面Ｌ字状をなす金属製の固定筒体２８が固定されている。
【００５６】
そして、熱膨張材２７を備えた貫通筒体２０が貫通孔１３に挿通される。次いで、固定筒体２８をビス３０により、区画部１２に固定する。さらに、貫通筒体２０及び固定筒体２８を加熱し、熱膨張材２７を膨張させて耐火充填材２３を形成し、隙間を充填閉鎖させる。
【００５７】
その結果、熱膨張材２７及び固定筒体２８の協働により、貫通筒体２０を貫通孔１３に強固に貫通支持させることができる。
尚、前記各実施形態を次のように変更して具体化することも可能である。
【００５８】
・ 第１〜第３実施形態において、耐火充填形成材としての液状又はゲル状の無機発泡材２１を、施工時に貫通筒体２０の外周面に塗布した後、乾燥し、固化させて無機発泡材２１を形成すること。
【００５９】
このように構成した場合も、貫通筒体２０の外周面に付着された耐火充填形成材としての無機発泡材２１を発泡させて、貫通孔１３の内周面と貫通筒体２０の外周面との隙間を耐火充填材２３により充填閉鎖することができる。
【００６０】
・ 第２実施形態において、無機発泡材２１を貫通孔１３の内周面に塗布すること。このとき、無機発泡材２１を直接加熱する。
・ 各実施形態において、ボイド管１４の外周面の金属リング１５を省略すること。
【００６１】
・ 各実施形態において、無機発泡材２１に対する加熱を、同発泡材２１に対して直接行うこと。
・ 第１〜第３実施形態において、ゲル状又は液状の無機発泡材２１を筒状に乾燥固化して形成された無機発泡材２１を貫通筒体２０の外周面に予め嵌着する若しくは施工時に前記無機発泡材２１を貫通筒体２０の外周に嵌着しても良い。又はゲル状又は液状の無機発泡材２１を板状に乾燥固化して形成された無機発泡材２１を貫通筒体２０の外周面に巻装すること。
【００６２】
・ 各実施形態において、耐火充填形成材２１として、例えば気泡コンクリートのように化学反応により膨張、硬化する材料を使用すること。
まず、ポルトランド・セメント、生石灰、硅石、水、アルミニウム、泡安定剤及び屑を混合、攪拌する。そして、得られたスラリーを貫通筒体２０の外周面と貫通孔１３との間の隙間に充填する。
【００６３】
このとき、スラリー中では、生石灰（ＣａＯ）の水和及びポルトランド・セメント中の硅酸三石灰（３ＣａＯ・ＳｉＯ2）や硅酸二石灰（２ＣａＯ・ＳｉＯ2 ）の水和により消石灰｛Ｃａ（ＯＨ）2｝が生成する。さらに、この消石灰、アルミニウム（２Ａｌ）及び水との反応又はアルミニウムと水との反応により水素ガス（Ｈ2 ）が発生する。この水素ガスの発生により、スラリー中に気泡が生成され、所定の体積までスラリーが膨張する。
【００６４】
また、発泡と同時に、ポルトランド・セメント中の硅酸三石灰や硅酸二石灰の水和により生成されるコロイド状鉱物質の膠（３ＣａＯ・２ＳｉＯ2 ・３Ｈ2Ｏ）によりスラリーの硬化が生じる。
【００６５】
その結果、貫通筒体２０の外周面と貫通孔１３との間の隙間を、化学反応により形成された気泡コンクリートにより充填閉鎖することができるとともに、貫通筒体２０を貫通孔１３に強固に貫通支持させることができる。
【００６６】
・ 貫通筒体２０を四角筒や三角筒状に変更すること。
・ 第１〜第３実施形態において、第４実施形態で用いた固定筒体２８を、同様にして用いること。
【００６７】
このように構成した場合、耐火充填材２３及び固定筒体２８の協働により、貫通筒体２０を貫通孔１３に強固に貫通支持させることができる。
さらに、前記実施形態より把握される技術的思想について以下に記載する。
【００６８】
・ 前記耐火充填形成材は、化学反応により膨張する材料により構成されたものである請求項１に記載の貫通部閉鎖方法。
【００６９】
【発明の効果】
この発明は、以上のように構成されているため、次のような効果を奏する。
請求項１に記載の発明の貫通部閉鎖方法によれば、貫通筒体を貫通孔に確実に貫通支持させることができるとともに、貫通部を容易に閉鎖することができる。
【００８７】
請求項２に記載の発明の貫通部閉鎖方法によれば、請求項１に記載の発明の効果に加え、耐火充填形成材を、貫通孔と貫通筒体との間に充填する作業が不要となり、作業時間の短縮を図ることができる。
【００８８】
請求項３に記載の発明の貫通部閉鎖方法によれば、請求項１又は２に記載の発明の効果に加え、耐火充填形成材は加熱により、体積が約３〜５倍に、数十分後に硬化する。そのため、貫通筒体内にケーブルを通す作業を即座に行うことができ、作業時間の短縮を図ることができる。
【００８９】
請求項４に記載の発明の貫通部閉鎖方法によれば、請求項１〜３のいずれかに記載の発明の効果に加え、耐火充填形成材を均等に加熱することができ、形成された耐火充填材の大きさを均等にすることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】 第１実施形態の貫通部閉鎖装置を示す断面図。
【図２】 区画部にボイド管を貫通支持させた状態を示す断面図。
【図３】 貫通孔に貫通部閉鎖具を挿通した状態を示す断面図。
【図４】 無機発泡材を発泡させた状態を示す断面図。
【図５】 貫通孔に無機発泡材を充填した状態の断面図。
【図６】 第３実施形態の貫通部閉鎖具を示す断面図。
【図７】 （ａ）は区画部に固定筒体を取り付けた状態を示す断面図、（ｂ）は、第４実施形態の貫通部閉鎖装置を示す断面図。
【図８】 従来の貫通部閉鎖装置を示す断面図。
【符号の説明】
１１…貫通部閉鎖装置、１２…区画部、１３…貫通孔、１８…凹凸を構成する環状凹部、１９…貫通部閉鎖具、２０…貫通筒体、２１…耐火充填形成材としての無機発泡材、２２…被貫通体としてのケーブル、２３…耐火充填材、２５…耐火材、２７…耐火充填形成材としての熱膨張材、２８…固定具としての固定筒体。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention fills a gap formed between an inner peripheral surface of a through hole formed in a partition such as a wall or a floor of a building and an outer peripheral surface of a pipe or electric wiring that is penetrated and supported therein. it relates penetrating portion closed chain method for closing.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As shown in FIG. 8, conventionally, the penetrating portion closing device 37 has a through hole 34 formed in the partitioning portion 32 penetrating the tube 33, and a mortar in the gap between the outer peripheral surface and the inner peripheral surface of the through hole 34. Incombustible material 35 such as rock wool was filled. And the cable 36 etc. were passed through the pipe | tube 33 as to-be-penetrated body.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the operation of filling the gap between the inner peripheral surface of the through hole 34 and the outer peripheral surface of the tube 33 with the non-combustible material 35 must be performed while manually holding the tube 33 and the like so as to be in a desired position. It was very troublesome and difficult. Furthermore, it took 2 to 3 days for the non-combustible material 35 to be completely cured, and during that time, the cable 36 and the like could not be passed, and the construction was subject to time restrictions.
[0004]
Even after the nonflammable material 35 is filled in the gap between the inner peripheral surface of the through hole 34 and the outer peripheral surface of the tube 33, the nonflammable material 35 is incombustible before the nonflammable material 35 is cured. There was a risk of the material 35 sinking. In that case, there is a problem that a new gap is generated between the tube 33 and the noncombustible material 35 and the tube 33 cannot be firmly fixed to the through hole 34. Furthermore, in order to fill the gap, the work of refilling the non-combustible material 35 is required, and there is a problem that the work efficiency is lowered and the construction cost is increased.
[0005]
The present invention has been made paying attention to such problems existing in the prior art. The purpose is to reliably fill and close the gap formed between the inner peripheral surface of the through hole in the partitioning portion and the outer peripheral surface of the through cylinder inserted through the inside of the partition portion, and to penetrate the through hole. The object is to enable the cylindrical body to be firmly penetrated and supported. Another object is to improve the work efficiency and to reduce the construction cost.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the through part closing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that a through cylinder is inserted into a through hole formed in a partition part such as a wall or a floor of a building , A refractory filling forming material provided in a gap formed between the peripheral surface and the outer peripheral surface of the through cylinder is expanded to fill the gap and support the through cylinder through the through hole .
[0022]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, the penetrating portion closing method according to the first aspect of the invention is such that the refractory filling forming material is previously coated on the outer peripheral surface of the penetrating cylinder.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the invention of the first or second aspect , a material that expands by heating is used as the fireproof filling material.
[0023]
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the invention according to any one of the first to third aspects, the through cylinder is directly heated to expand the refractory filling forming material.
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the invention of the fourth aspect , the penetration portion closing method is such that the expansion of the refractory filling forming material is due to heating from the inside of the through cylinder.
[0025]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
(First embodiment)
Hereinafter, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.
[0026]
As shown in FIG.1 and FIG.2, the division part 12 is walls, floors, ceilings, etc., such as a building. The through-hole 13 is formed through the partition portion 12 and is formed by the void tube 14 when the partition portion 12 is constructed. The void tube 14 is formed in a cylindrical shape from paper, and a plurality of metal rings 15 having a mountain-shaped cross section are fitted on the outer peripheral surface thereof.
[0027]
And a pair of formwork 17 is arrange | positioned at predetermined intervals, and concrete is laid in between. At that time, the void tube 14 is set between the molds 17.
After the concrete is hardened, the mold 17 is removed, and the void tube 14 and the metal ring 15 are removed, or only the void tube 14 is removed, whereby the through hole 13 is formed in the partition portion 12 and the through hole is formed by the metal ring 15. A plurality of annular recesses 18 are formed on the inner peripheral surface of 13.
[0028]
As shown in FIG. 3, the through-hole closing tool 19 is attached to the through cylinder 20 inserted through the through hole 13 of the partition section 12 and the outer peripheral surface of the through cylinder 20, and in the expanded state, the through hole 13. And a refractory filling forming material 21 that fills a gap formed between the inner circumferential surface and the outer circumferential surface of the through cylinder 20. The through cylinder 20 is formed in a cylindrical shape from a metal material, and as shown in FIG. 1, the cable 22 as the through body can be passed through the inside.
[0029]
An inorganic foam material 21 (GRANDEX FJ515, manufactured by Tokiwa Electric Co., Ltd.) as a fireproof filling material is attached to the outer periphery of the central portion of the through cylinder 20. The inorganic foam material 21 is mainly composed of a synthetic swellable mica dispersed in an alkali salt aqueous solution. The synthetic swellable mica is finely powdered sodium / fluorine mica synthesized by solid phase reaction, having an average particle diameter of 1 to 5 μm and a layer thickness of 10 angstroms (Å). And it has the characteristic of forming a complex by intercalating inorganic / organic matter between layers. Sodium silicate is used as the alkali salt.
[0030]
Next, the manufacturing method of the inorganic foam material 21 is demonstrated. When the synthetic swellable mica is dispersed in an aqueous solution of sodium silicate, the synthetic swellable mica swells by adsorbing moisture between the layers, and cations such as sodium ions or lithium ions between the layers dissolve in the water and cleave finely. start. For this reason, in the synthetic swelling mica crystal, the interlayer portion is charged with an anion and the opposite surface of the scale is charged with a cation. In this state, sodium ions of sodium silicate are electrically attracted and intercalated between the layers charged with the anions of the synthetic swellable mica to form a liquid inorganic foam 21.
[0031]
Next, when the mixed liquid of the synthetic swellable mica and sodium silicate is dried to evaporate the water, the crystal scales of the synthetic swellable mica come close to each other while containing water inside and gelate. At this time, the cleaved synthetic swelling mica crystal scales are charged with anions on the interlayer and cations on the opposite side, so they are attracted electrostatically, and the plane part and end face part of the crystal scales are random. The gel-like inorganic foamed material 21 is obtained by bonding with a structure assembled in a card house shape.
[0032]
And after apply | coating the gel-like inorganic foam material 21 to the outer peripheral surface of the penetration cylinder 20, the penetration part closure tool 19 can be obtained by making it dry and solidify. The inorganic foamed material 21 is heated to 150 ° C. to 200 ° C., and if necessary, to a temperature higher than that, the volume is expanded to 3 to 5 times that before heating, and is cured after several tens of minutes.
[0033]
Therefore, the through cylinder 20 can be firmly fixed to the through hole 13 and can be prevented from falling off. Moreover, since it is formed of an inorganic material, it is not carbonized by heating or the like.
[0034]
Concavities and convexities (not shown) are formed on the outer peripheral surface of the through cylinder 20 by knurling or the like so as to correspond to the inorganic foam material 21. Both ends of the through cylinder 20 are filled with a refractory material 25. The refractory material 25 is made of a flame-retardant material such as putty, and for example, chloroprene rubber containing hydrated sodium silicate (water glass) is used.
[0035]
Now, as shown in FIG. 3, a penetration part closure 19 having an inorganic foam material 21 attached in advance to the outer peripheral surface of the through cylinder 20 is inserted into the through hole 13, and the inorganic foam material 21 is inserted into the through hole 13. Correspond to the peripheral surface. And the burner 29 grade | etc., Is inserted inside the penetration cylinder 20, and it heats. As a result, heat is transmitted from the inside of the through cylinder 20 to the entire through cylinder 20 and the inorganic foam material 21 is heated.
[0036]
At this time, the water remaining between the crystals of the inorganic foam 21 is completely evaporated, and the space between the crystals expands abruptly, leaving fine voids continuously connected after the water is scattered. Due to the uniform continuous foaming of the inorganic foam material 21, as shown in FIG. 4, the inner peripheral surface of the through hole 13 and the gaps between the plurality of annular recesses 18 and the through cylinder 20 are filled with the inorganic foam. It is closed and cured after several tens of minutes to become a refractory filler 23, and the penetrating portion closing device 11 is configured. Therefore, the fireproof filler 23 can be formed with a small amount of the inorganic foam material 21, and the gap between the inner peripheral surface of the through hole 13 and the plurality of annular recesses 18 and the through cylinder 20 can be filled. Reduction can be achieved.
[0037]
At this time, since the plurality of annular recesses 18 are formed on the inner peripheral surface of the through-hole 13, the pull-out strength of the refractory filler 23 can be improved. Moreover, since the unevenness | corrugation is formed also in the outer peripheral surface of the penetration cylinder 20, the extraction strength of the penetration cylinder 20 can be improved.
[0038]
After the formation of the refractory filler 23, as shown in FIG. 1, a cable 22 or the like as a through body is passed through the inside of the through cylinder 20 that is supported by the through hole 13. Then, a refractory material 25 is filled between the inner side surfaces of both ends of the through cylinder 20 and the cable 22, and a gap between the inner circumference surface of the through cylinder 20 and the outer circumference surface of the cable 22 is filled.
[0039]
As a result, the gap between the through hole 13 and the through cylinder 20 is filled with the refractory filler 23, and the gap between the through cylinder 20 and the cable 22 is filled with the refractory material 25. Therefore, in the unlikely event that a fire occurs in the building where the penetrating part closing device 11 is installed, it is possible to prevent the through-hole 13 and the penetrating cylindrical body 20 from becoming a fire and smoke path.
[0040]
According to the first embodiment, the following effects are exhibited.
The gap between the inner peripheral surface of the through hole 13 of the partition 12 and the outer peripheral surface of the through cylinder 20 is filled and closed with a fireproof filler 23. Therefore, the gap can be reliably filled and closed.
[0041]
The inorganic foam material 21 filled in the gap between the through hole 13 and the through cylinder 20 is foamed simultaneously with heating, and is rapidly cured. Therefore, work efficiency can be improved and construction cost can be reduced. In addition, it is possible to prevent a new gap from being generated between the refractory filler 23 and the through cylinder 20 due to the weight of the through cylinder 20. As a result, it is not necessary to fill the gap with the inorganic foam material 21 again, and the work efficiency can be improved and the construction cost can be reduced as described above.
[0042]
The through cylinder 20 is made of a metal material. Therefore, when the through cylinder 20 is heated from the inside, the heat is efficiently transmitted to the inorganic foam material 21 through the through cylinder 20. As a result, the inorganic foam material 21 is efficiently foamed, and the gap can be reliably filled and closed by the fireproof filler 23.
[0043]
A refractory material 25 is filled in the gap between the inner ends of the through cylinder 20 and the cable 22. Therefore, even if a fire should occur in the building where the penetrating part closing device 11 is installed, it can be prevented that it becomes a fire spread route or a smoke route.
[0044]
An inorganic foam is formed by continuous foaming of the inorganic foam material 21, and the inner peripheral surface of the through hole 13 and the gaps between the plurality of annular recesses 18 and the through cylinder 20 are filled and closed by the inorganic foam. It hardens after a minute and becomes a refractory filler 23. Therefore, with a small amount of the inorganic foam material 21, the fireproof filler 23 can be formed to fill the inner peripheral surface of the through hole 13 and the gaps between the plurality of annular recesses 18 and the through cylindrical body 20. Can be reduced.
[0045]
The refractory filler 23 formed of an inorganic foam obtained by foaming the inorganic foam 21 is made of 100% inorganic material. Therefore, even if a fire occurs in the building where the penetrating part closing device 11 is installed, the fireproof filler 23 is not carbonized and can maintain the required fireproof function.
[0046]
When the inorganic foam material 21 is heated, it continuously foams almost uniformly over the entire circumference of the through cylinder 20, so that the through cylinder 20 is naturally disposed in the center of the through hole 13 by the foaming of the inorganic foam material 21. . Therefore, it is possible to save the labor of manually holding the through cylinder 20 so as to be positioned at the center of the through hole 13 and to improve the working efficiency.
[0047]
The inorganic foam material 21 is foamed surely by heating because it is composed mainly of a material obtained by dispersing synthetic swelling mica in sodium silicate, gelling, and drying and solidifying.
The penetrating part closing tool 19 is configured by attaching an inorganic foam material 21 to the outer peripheral surface of the penetrating cylindrical body 20. Therefore, the penetrating part closure 19 has a small number of parts and is easy to handle.
[0048]
The inorganic foam material 21 is attached in advance to the outer peripheral surface of the through cylinder 20. Therefore, the work of filling the inorganic foam material 21 between the through hole 13 and the through cylinder 20 is not necessary, and the working time can be shortened.
[0049]
The inorganic foam material 21 is heated to be about 3 to 5 times the volume, and is cured after several tens of minutes. As a result, the operation of passing the cable 22 into the through cylinder 20 can be performed immediately, and the operation time can be shortened.
[0050]
A plurality of annular recesses 18 are formed on the inner peripheral surface of the through hole 13. Therefore, the pulling strength of the refractory filler 23 is improved.
An unevenness is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the through cylinder 20. Therefore, the pulling strength of the refractory filler 23 is improved.
[0051]
(Second Embodiment)
In the following embodiments, portions different from the first embodiment will be mainly described.
As shown in FIG. 5, in the second embodiment, the inorganic foam material 21 as the refractory filling forming material is inserted into the through hole 13 without being attached to the outer peripheral surface of the through cylinder 20. Thereafter, the gap between the inner peripheral surface of the through hole 13 and the outer peripheral surface of the through cylinder 20 is filled with a gel-like or liquid inorganic foam material 21 by the filler 26 or the like.
[0052]
Furthermore, a burner 29 or the like is inserted inside the through cylinder 20 to heat the through cylinder 20 and to heat and foam the inorganic foam material 21. For this reason, the gap is filled and closed by the inorganic foam formed by foaming the inorganic foam material 21, and cured after several tens of minutes to become the fireproof filler 23. As a result, the through cylinder 20 can be supported through the through hole 13.
[0053]
According to the second embodiment, the gel-like or liquid inorganic foam material 21 is filled in the gap between the inner peripheral surface of the through-hole 13 and the outer peripheral surface of the through-cylinder 20. Therefore, the amount of the inorganic foam material 21 to be filled can be adjusted according to the size of the gap. Therefore, the gap between the inner peripheral surface of the through hole 13 and the outer peripheral surface of the through cylinder 20 can be reliably filled and closed by the fireproof filler 23. Moreover, the waste of the inorganic foam material 21 can be prevented and construction cost can be reduced.
[0054]
Moreover, the same effects as those of the first embodiment are exhibited except for the effect based on the fact that the inorganic foam material 21 is attached to the outer peripheral surface of the through cylinder 20 in advance.
(Third embodiment)
In the third embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, when the through cylinder 20 is inserted into the through hole 13, the outer peripheral surface of the through cylinder 20 corresponding to both openings of the through hole 13 is fire-proof filled in two places. An inorganic foam material 21 as a forming material was attached in advance.
[0055]
Therefore, according to the third embodiment, the inorganic foam material 21 can be saved and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.
(Fourth embodiment)
In 4th Embodiment, as shown to Fig.7 (a), (b), the thermal expansion material 27 containing soft materials, such as rubber | gum, was used as a fireproof filling formation material. And the thermal expansion material 27 formed in the cylindrical shape may be fitted in advance to the outer peripheral surface of the through cylinder 20 or the thermal expansion material 27 may be fitted to the outer circumference of the through cylinder 20 at the time of construction, or at the time of construction The plate-shaped thermal expansion material 27 may be wound around the outer peripheral surface of the through cylinder 20. On both sides of the thermal expansion material 27, a metal fixed cylinder 28 having an L-shaped cross section is fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the through cylinder 20 by a screw 30 as a connecting body.
[0056]
Then, the through cylinder 20 including the thermal expansion material 27 is inserted through the through hole 13. Next, the fixed cylinder 28 is fixed to the partition portion 12 with screws 30. Further, the through cylinder 20 and the fixed cylinder 28 are heated, the thermal expansion material 27 is expanded to form the refractory filler 23, and the gap is filled and closed.
[0057]
As a result, the through cylinder 20 can be firmly penetrated and supported in the through hole 13 by the cooperation of the thermal expansion material 27 and the fixed cylinder 28.
It should be noted that the embodiments described above can be modified and embodied as follows.
[0058]
-In 1st-3rd embodiment, after apply | coating the liquid or gel-like inorganic foam material 21 as a refractory filling formation material to the outer peripheral surface of the penetration cylinder 20 at the time of construction, it is dried and solidified, and an inorganic foam material 21 is formed.
[0059]
Also when comprised in this way, the inorganic foam material 21 as a fireproof filling forming material attached to the outer peripheral surface of the through cylinder 20 is foamed, and the inner peripheral surface of the through hole 13 and the outer peripheral surface of the through cylinder 20 These gaps can be filled and closed by the refractory filler 23.
[0060]
In the second embodiment, the inorganic foam material 21 is applied to the inner peripheral surface of the through hole 13. At this time, the inorganic foam material 21 is directly heated.
In each embodiment, the metal ring 15 on the outer peripheral surface of the void tube 14 is omitted.
[0061]
In each embodiment, heating the inorganic foam material 21 is performed directly on the foam material 21.
In the first to third embodiments, the inorganic foamed material 21 formed by drying and solidifying the gel-like or liquid inorganic foamed material 21 into a cylindrical shape is fitted in advance on the outer peripheral surface of the penetrating cylinder 20 or at the time of construction. The inorganic foam material 21 may be fitted to the outer periphery of the through cylinder 20. Alternatively, the inorganic foamed material 21 formed by drying and solidifying the gel-like or liquid inorganic foamed material 21 into a plate shape is wound around the outer peripheral surface of the penetrating cylinder 20.
[0062]
In each embodiment, a material that expands and hardens by a chemical reaction such as cellular concrete is used as the fireproof filling material 21.
First, Portland cement, quicklime, meteorite, water, aluminum, foam stabilizer and waste are mixed and stirred. Then, the obtained slurry is filled in the gap between the outer peripheral surface of the through cylinder 20 and the through hole 13.
[0063]
At this time, the slurry, hydration of quicklime silicate tricalcium hydration and Portland cement in (CaO) (3CaO · SiO 2 ) or silicate dicalcium (2CaO · SiO 2) slaked lime {Ca ( OH) 2 } is produced. Further, hydrogen gas (H 2 ) is generated by the reaction between the slaked lime, aluminum (2Al) and water, or the reaction between aluminum and water. Due to the generation of hydrogen gas, bubbles are generated in the slurry, and the slurry expands to a predetermined volume.
[0064]
Simultaneously with foaming, the slurry is hardened by the colloidal mineral glue (3CaO · 2SiO 2 · 3H 2 O) produced by hydration of trilime oxalate and dilime oxalate in Portland cement. .
[0065]
As a result, the gap between the outer peripheral surface of the through cylinder 20 and the through hole 13 can be filled and closed with cellular concrete formed by a chemical reaction, and the through cylinder 20 penetrates the through hole 13 firmly. Can be supported.
[0066]
-Changing the through cylinder 20 into a square cylinder or a triangular cylinder.
In the first to third embodiments, the fixed cylinder body 28 used in the fourth embodiment is used in the same manner.
[0067]
When configured in this way, the through cylinder 20 can be firmly penetrated and supported in the through hole 13 by the cooperation of the refractory filler 23 and the fixed cylinder 28.
Furthermore, the technical idea grasped from the embodiment will be described below.
[0068]
The penetrating portion closing method according to claim 1, wherein the refractory filling forming material is made of a material that expands by a chemical reaction.
[0069]
【The invention's effect】
Since this invention is comprised as mentioned above, there exist the following effects.
According to the penetrating portion closing method of the first aspect of the invention, the penetrating cylindrical body can be surely supported by penetrating through the through hole, and the penetrating portion can be easily closed.
[0087]
According to the penetrating portion closing method of the invention described in claim 2 , in addition to the effect of the invention described in claim 1 , the work of filling the fireproof filling forming material between the through hole and the penetrating cylindrical body becomes unnecessary. The working time can be shortened.
[0088]
According to the penetration part closing method of the invention described in claim 3 , in addition to the effect of the invention described in claim 1 or 2 , the volume of the refractory filling forming material is approximately 3 to 5 times, several tens of minutes by heating. It hardens later. Therefore, the operation of passing the cable through the through cylinder can be performed immediately, and the operation time can be shortened.
[0089]
According to the penetrating portion closing method of the invention described in claim 4 , in addition to the effect of the invention of any one of claims 1 to 3 , the fireproof filling material can be heated evenly, and the formed fireproof The size of the filler can be made uniform.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a penetration portion closing apparatus according to a first embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a state where a void tube is penetrated and supported in a partition part.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a state where a penetrating part closing tool is inserted into a through hole.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a state where an inorganic foam material is foamed.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a state in which an inorganic foam material is filled in a through hole.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a penetrating portion closure according to a third embodiment.
FIG. 7A is a cross-sectional view showing a state where a fixed cylinder is attached to a partition portion, and FIG. 7B is a cross-sectional view showing a penetrating portion closing device according to a fourth embodiment.
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a conventional penetration portion closing device.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 ... Through-part closure apparatus, 12 ... Partition part, 13 ... Through-hole, 18 ... Ring-shaped recessed part which comprises unevenness, 19 ... Through-part closure tool, 20 ... Through-tube body, 21 ... Inorganic foam as fireproof filling formation material , 22 ... cable as a penetration body, 23 ... fireproof filler, 25 ... fireproof material, 27 ... thermal expansion material as fireproof filler forming material, 28 ... fixed cylinder as a fixture.

Claims (5)

建築物の壁、床等の区画部に形成された貫通孔に貫通筒体を挿通し、前記貫通孔の内周面と貫通筒体の外周面との間に形成される隙間に設けられた耐火充填形成材を膨張させ、前記隙間を埋めて貫通筒体を貫通孔に貫通支持させる貫通部閉鎖方法。 A through cylinder is inserted into a through hole formed in a partition such as a wall or floor of a building, and provided in a gap formed between the inner peripheral surface of the through hole and the outer peripheral surface of the through cylinder. A penetrating portion closing method in which a fireproof filling material is expanded to fill the gap and support the penetrating cylinder through the through hole . 前記耐火充填形成材は、貫通筒体の外周面に予め被覆形成される請求項１に記載の貫通部閉鎖方法。 The penetrating portion closing method according to claim 1, wherein the fireproof filling forming material is previously coated on the outer peripheral surface of the penetrating cylinder . 耐火充填形成材として加熱により膨張する材料を使用するものである請求項１又は請求項２に記載の貫通部閉鎖方法。The penetration part closing method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a material that expands by heating is used as the refractory filling forming material . 前記貫通筒体を直接加熱して耐火充填形成材を膨張させる請求項１〜３のいずれかに記載の貫通部閉鎖方法。The penetration part closing method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the penetration cylinder is directly heated to expand the fireproof filling material . 耐火充填形成材の膨張は、前記貫通筒体の内側からの加熱によるものである請求項４に記載の貫通部閉鎖方法。The penetration part closing method according to claim 4 , wherein the expansion of the refractory filling forming material is caused by heating from the inside of the through cylinder .
JP01182399A 1998-04-17 1999-01-20 How to close the penetration Expired - Fee Related JP3683727B2 (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP01182399A JP3683727B2 (en) 1998-04-17 1999-01-20 How to close the penetration
KR1019990009975A KR19990082762A (en) 1998-04-17 1999-03-24 An apparatus, structure and method for closing a through opening
TW088105280A TW508419B (en) 1998-04-17 1999-04-02 Partition passage and sealing method thereof
US09/285,856 US6530187B2 (en) 1998-04-17 1999-04-02 Partition passage and method of installing
DE19917127A DE19917127B4 (en) 1998-04-17 1999-04-15 Fireproof seal for a pipe passed through a through hole in a partition
FR9904742A FR2777627B1 (en) 1998-04-17 1999-04-15 PASSAGE STRUCTURE IN A PARTITION AND ITS INSTALLATION METHOD

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP10-124076 1998-04-17
JP12407698 1998-04-17
JP01182399A JP3683727B2 (en) 1998-04-17 1999-01-20 How to close the penetration

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JP2005014368A Division JP4287384B2 (en) 1998-04-17 2005-01-21 Penetration closure

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JP3683727B2 true JP3683727B2 (en) 2005-08-17

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TW508419B (en) 2002-11-01
US20010001355A1 (en) 2001-05-24
KR19990082762A (en) 1999-11-25
DE19917127B4 (en) 2004-05-06
JP2000000326A (en) 2000-01-07
FR2777627A1 (en) 1999-10-22
US6530187B2 (en) 2003-03-11
DE19917127A1 (en) 1999-10-21

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