JP2895087B2 - Method for separating lignocellulosic material into polyphenol and carbohydrate and polyphenolic material obtained by this method - Google Patents

Method for separating lignocellulosic material into polyphenol and carbohydrate and polyphenolic material obtained by this method

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Publication number
JP2895087B2
JP2895087B2 JP1055686A JP5568689A JP2895087B2 JP 2895087 B2 JP2895087 B2 JP 2895087B2 JP 1055686 A JP1055686 A JP 1055686A JP 5568689 A JP5568689 A JP 5568689A JP 2895087 B2 JP2895087 B2 JP 2895087B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
lignin
cresol
carbohydrate
polyphenol
acid
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Expired - Fee Related
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JP1055686A
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Japanese (ja)
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JPH02233701A (en
Inventor
正光 船岡
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Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 本発明は、炭水化物およびリグニンなどのポリフェノ
ールからなる木材あるいはリグノセルロース系物質を、
その構成成分へと室温で迅速かつ定量的に、しかも成分
の不活性化を伴うことなく分離する方法に関するもので
ある。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a wood or lignocellulosic material comprising carbohydrates and polyphenols such as lignin,
The present invention relates to a method for rapidly and quantitatively separating components into their constituents at room temperature without inactivating the components.

石油依存社会への反省から、近年、化学工業原料とし
て再生産可能なバイオマスへの関心が高まっている。し
かし、リグノセルロース系物質、たとえば木材は、構造
および性質の全く異なる炭水化物およびリグニンの複合
体であり、構成成分の完全有効利用を達成するために
は、まず木材をその構成成分へと分離することが必要と
なる。この観点から、近年成分分離手法として、オルガ
ノソルブ法、ソルボリシス法あるいは前処理法として爆
砕法、オートハイドロリシス法などが提案されている。
しかし,これらの方法による成分分離は高エネルギーを
要し、しかも分離は完全には進行しない。これは細胞壁
中で、炭水化物およびリグニンが分子レベルで複雑に絡
みあっていることによる。したがって、完全な成分分離
を達成するためには、細胞壁構造を分子レベルで破壊す
ることが必要である。
In recent years, interest in renewable biomass as a raw material for the chemical industry has increased due to reflection on the oil-dependent society. However, lignocellulosic materials, such as wood, are a complex of carbohydrates and lignins that have completely different structures and properties, and in order to achieve full effective utilization of the components, the wood must first be separated into its components. Is required. From this viewpoint, recently, an organosolve method, a solvolysis method, or a pretreatment method such as an explosion crushing method and an autohydrolysis method have been proposed as component separation techniques.
However, component separation by these methods requires high energy, and the separation does not proceed completely. This is due to the complex intertwining of carbohydrates and lignin at the molecular level in the cell wall. Therefore, to achieve complete component separation, it is necessary to disrupt the cell wall structure at the molecular level.

木材の組織構造を分子レベルで破壊する一つの方法
は、濃酸による処理である。例えば濃硫酸処理によっ
て、セルロースは膨潤し、さらに部分的な加水分解およ
び溶解が生じ、結果として細胞壁構造は破壊される。濃
硫酸による木材の加水分解手法は、すでに技術的にほぼ
確立されており、さらに本法は成分分離という意味にお
いて、完璧かつ安価な方法である。しかし、木材の完全
利用を目ざした成分分離手法として、酸加水分解法は、
縮合によるリグニンの不活性化という重大な欠点を有す
る。この種の高縮合リグニンは分子が剛直であるため、
通常、構造修飾による活性化あるいはその解重合は困難
であり、これが酸加水分解を核とする木材工業がこれま
で成立しなかった一つの理由である。
One method of destroying the wood tissue structure at the molecular level is treatment with concentrated acid. For example, the treatment with concentrated sulfuric acid causes the cellulose to swell, further causing partial hydrolysis and dissolution, resulting in the destruction of the cell wall structure. The method of hydrolyzing wood with concentrated sulfuric acid is almost established in the art, and the present method is a perfect and inexpensive method in terms of component separation. However, as a component separation method aiming at complete utilization of wood, acid hydrolysis method,
It has the serious disadvantage of inactivating lignin by condensation. This type of highly condensed lignin has a rigid molecule,
Usually, activation by structural modification or depolymerization thereof is difficult, which is one reason that the wood industry centering on acid hydrolysis has not been established until now.

本発明は、濃酸による炭水化物の膨潤にもとずく組織
構造の破壊と、フェノール誘導体によるリグニンの溶媒
和のコンビネーションにより、従来の酸加水分解処理に
よる木材利用の欠点であるリグニンの不活性化を抑え、
リグノセルロース系物質を迅速にその構成成分に分離す
る手法に関するものである。
The present invention provides a combination of destruction of tissue structure based on swelling of carbohydrates with concentrated acid and solvation of lignin with phenol derivatives, thereby inactivating lignin, which is a drawback of using wood by conventional acid hydrolysis treatment. Hold down,
The present invention relates to a technique for rapidly separating a lignocellulosic substance into its constituent components.

濃酸処理過程におけるリグニンの不活性化は、反応系
にリグニンに対する媒体がないことに基づく。フェノー
ル誘導体、例えばクレゾールはリグニンの良溶媒であ
り、しかもその反応性はリグニン芳香核のそれに類似し
ている。さらにクレゾールは濃酸と混合しない。
Lignin inactivation during the concentrated acid treatment process is based on the absence of a medium for lignin in the reaction system. Phenol derivatives, such as cresol, are good solvents for lignin, and their reactivity is similar to that of lignin aromatic nuclei. In addition, cresol does not mix with concentrated acids.

木粉をまずクレゾールで処理し、木粉内部にクレゾー
ルを十分浸透させる。その後、混合物を室温で激しく撹
拌しながら、濃酸を加える。濃酸は炭水化物との親和性
が高く、セルロースは速やかに膨潤し、これによって組
織構造が破壊される。他方クレゾールはリグニンとの親
和性が高く、反応系においては常にリグニンと共存す
る。言換えれば、リグニンは常に濃酸と混合しないクレ
ゾールによって取囲まれており、これによって、酸とリ
グニンの接触は可及的に抑制される。また、処理過程で
リグニンは部分的に解重合されるが、その際生成したカ
ルボニウムイオンはクレゾールにより速やかに安定化さ
れ、リグニンの自己縮合は抑制される。処理後、撹拌を
停止することにより、反応混合物は速やかにクレゾール
層と水層に分離する。リグニンはクレゾール層に含まれ
ており、また炭水化物は水層に存在する。クレゾールを
留去することにより、MWL(Milled Wood Lignin)より
も明色で活性なリグニンが得られる。他方、酸溶液中の
炭水化物はさらに処理を継続することにより、工業原料
として有用な単糖に変換される。
The wood flour is first treated with cresol, and cresol is sufficiently penetrated into the wood flour. Thereafter, the concentrated acid is added while the mixture is vigorously stirred at room temperature. Concentrated acids have a high affinity for carbohydrates, and cellulose swells quickly, which destroys the tissue structure. Cresol, on the other hand, has a high affinity for lignin and always coexists with lignin in the reaction system. In other words, the lignin is surrounded by cresol, which is always immiscible with the concentrated acid, thereby minimizing contact between the acid and the lignin. In addition, lignin is partially depolymerized in the treatment process, and the carbonium ion generated at that time is rapidly stabilized by cresol, and self-condensation of lignin is suppressed. After the treatment, the reaction mixture is quickly separated into a cresol layer and an aqueous layer by stopping the stirring. Lignin is contained in the cresol layer, and carbohydrates are present in the aqueous layer. By removing cresol, lignin which is lighter and more active than MWL (Milled Wood Lignin) can be obtained. On the other hand, the carbohydrate in the acid solution is converted into a monosaccharide useful as an industrial raw material by continuing the treatment.

以下本発明の方法を実施例をもって詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, the method of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.

実施例1 木粉に対し、クレゾールおよび72%硫酸を10および20
(ml/g)の比率で混合し、室温において撹拌すると、第
1表に示すように、リグニン収率は処理20分ですでに10
8%(対リグニン)に達する。しかも分離されたリグニ
ンはきわめて明色かつ活性であり、メタノール、エタノ
ール等種々の溶媒に容易に溶解する。
Example 1 10 and 20% of cresol and 72% sulfuric acid were added to wood flour.
(Ml / g), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature. As shown in Table 1, the lignin yield was already 10 minutes after the treatment.
Reaches 8% (vs. lignin). Moreover, the separated lignin is very bright and active, and easily dissolves in various solvents such as methanol and ethanol.

実施例2 木粉に対し72%硫酸20(ml/g)、室温、60分の条件
で、クレゾール添加率を20〜3(3ml/g)まで変化させ
た場合(第2表)、クレゾール添加率5以上でリグニン
収率はほぼ一定である。すなわち、わずかなクレゾール
の添加で、リグニンの自己縮合が抑制され、効率よく分
離が進行している。
Example 2 When the addition ratio of cresol was changed to 20 to 3 (3 ml / g) under the conditions of 20% of sulfuric acid 20 (ml / g) and room temperature for 60 minutes with respect to wood powder (Table 2), cresol was added. At a rate of 5 or more, the lignin yield is almost constant. That is, with the addition of a small amount of cresol, the self-condensation of lignin is suppressed, and the separation proceeds efficiently.

実施例3 木粉に対し、クレゾール10(ml/g)、室温、60分の条
件で、72%硫酸添加率を2〜20(ml/g)まで変化させた
場合(第3表)、添加率5以上でリグニン収率に大差は
認められない。すなわち、炭水化物の完全な膨潤および
溶解は,迅速分離に必要とされない。
Example 3 In the case where the 72% sulfuric acid addition rate was changed from 2 to 20 (ml / g) under the conditions of cresol 10 (ml / g), room temperature and 60 minutes for wood flour (Table 3), At a rate of 5 or more, there is no significant difference in lignin yield. That is, complete swelling and dissolution of the carbohydrate is not required for rapid separation.

実施例4 木粉に対し、クレゾールおよび硫酸の配合率それぞれ
10および20(ml/g)、室温、60分の条件で、硫酸濃度を
60〜72%に変化させた場合(第4表)、温度60%では炭
水化物の膨潤が不完全であるため、リグニン収率はきわ
めて低い。65%硫酸でリグニンの分離は促進されるが、
リグニンの分子量はなお高い。72%硫酸によってリグニ
ン収率はさらに増大し、リグニンの分子量も大幅に低下
する。すなわち、迅速分離のためには、炭水化物の膨潤
により成分の会合をゆるめること、およびリグニンの部
分的解重合の両者が重要である。
Example 4 The blending ratio of cresol and sulfuric acid to wood flour, respectively
Under the conditions of 10 and 20 (ml / g), room temperature and 60 minutes,
When changed to 60-72% (Table 4), the lignin yield is very low at 60% temperature due to incomplete swelling of the carbohydrates. Lignin separation is promoted by 65% sulfuric acid,
The molecular weight of lignin is still high. Lignin yield is further increased by 72% sulfuric acid, and the molecular weight of lignin is also greatly reduced. That is, for rapid separation, it is important to loosen the association of the components by swelling of the carbohydrate and to partially depolymerize lignin.

本法による処理過程で、エーテル結合の解裂によりリ
グニンは解重合され、さらに側鎖活性位置にはクレゾー
ルが導入されるため、分離によりリグニンのフェノール
化合物としての反応性は飛躍的に高まる。
In the treatment process according to the present method, lignin is depolymerized by cleavage of the ether bond, and cresol is introduced into the active position of the side chain, so that the reactivity of lignin as a phenolic compound is dramatically increased by separation.

本手法によるリグノセルロース物質の成分分離は、濃
酸による炭水化物の膨潤に基づく組織構造の破壊を伴う
ため、本手法はいかなる種類のバイオマスにも適用可能
であり、完璧な分離が得られる。
Since the separation of the components of the lignocellulosic material by the present method involves the destruction of the tissue structure based on the swelling of the carbohydrate by the concentrated acid, the present method is applicable to any kind of biomass, and perfect separation is obtained.

Claims (5)

(57)【特許請求の範囲】(57) [Claims] 【請求項1】フェノール誘導体が添加されたリグノセル
ロース系物質に酸を添加し混合して、リグノセルロース
系物質をポリフェノール系物質と炭水化物とに分離する
方法。
A method for separating a lignocellulosic material into a polyphenolic material and a carbohydrate by adding and mixing an acid to a lignocellulosic material to which a phenol derivative has been added.
【請求項2】請求項1において、 前記酸は、65wt%以上の濃硫酸であることを特徴とする
方法。
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said acid is 65% by weight or more of concentrated sulfuric acid.
【請求項3】請求項1または2において、 前記フェノール誘導体は、クレゾールであることを特徴
とする方法。
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the phenol derivative is cresol.
【請求項4】請求項1ないし3のいずれかに記載の方法
において、前記混合は加熱することなく行うことを特徴
とする方法。
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mixing is performed without heating.
【請求項5】請求項1ないし4のいずれかに記載の方法
によって得られたポリフェノール系物質。
5. A polyphenol-based substance obtained by the method according to claim 1.
JP1055686A 1989-03-08 1989-03-08 Method for separating lignocellulosic material into polyphenol and carbohydrate and polyphenolic material obtained by this method Expired - Fee Related JP2895087B2 (en)

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