JP2811372B2 - ２表面間の機械的ロック法 - Google Patents

２表面間の機械的ロック法

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Publication number
JP2811372B2
JP2811372B2 JP7500709A JP50070994A JP2811372B2 JP 2811372 B2 JP2811372 B2 JP 2811372B2 JP 7500709 A JP7500709 A JP 7500709A JP 50070994 A JP50070994 A JP 50070994A JP 2811372 B2 JP2811372 B2 JP 2811372B2
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
panel
panels
edge
microgranules
granules
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP7500709A
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English (en)
Other versions
JPH08510698A (ja
Inventor
エイ スイーニィ、ユーゲン
エイ ペルツ、グレゴリー
Original Assignee
ロード コーポレーション
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Publication of JPH08510698A publication Critical patent/JPH08510698A/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP2811372B2 publication Critical patent/JP2811372B2/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B17/00—Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by a part of or on one member entering a hole in the other and involving plastic deformation
    • F16B17/008—Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by a part of or on one member entering a hole in the other and involving plastic deformation of sheets or plates mutually
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D39/00—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders
    • B21D39/02—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders of sheet metal by folding, e.g. connecting edges of a sheet to form a cylinder
    • B21D39/028—Reinforcing the connection otherwise than by deforming, e.g. welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P11/00—Connecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques not otherwise provided for 
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C37/00—Component parts, details, accessories or auxiliary operations, not covered by group B29C33/00 or B29C35/00
    • B29C37/0078—Measures or configurations for obtaining anchoring effects in the contact areas between layers
    • B29C37/0082—Mechanical anchoring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/483—Reactive adhesives, e.g. chemically curing adhesives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4865—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding containing additives
    • B29C65/487—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding containing additives characterised by their shape, e.g. being fibres or being spherical
    • B29C65/4875—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding containing additives characterised by their shape, e.g. being fibres or being spherical being spherical, e.g. particles or powders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4865—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding containing additives
    • B29C65/4885—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding containing additives characterised by their composition being non-plastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/562—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using extra joining elements, i.e. which are not integral with the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/564—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using extra joining elements, i.e. which are not integral with the parts to be joined hidden in the joint, e.g. dowels or Z-pins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7802—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring
    • B29C65/782—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring by setting the gap between the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/7823—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring by setting the gap between the parts to be joined by using distance pieces, i.e. by using spacers positioned between the parts to be joined and forming a part of the joint
    • B29C65/7826—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring by setting the gap between the parts to be joined by using distance pieces, i.e. by using spacers positioned between the parts to be joined and forming a part of the joint said distance pieces being non-integral with the parts to be joined, e.g. particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/135—Single hemmed joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being hemmed in the joint area
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/303—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect
    • B29C66/3034—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of additional elements, e.g. meshes
    • B29C66/30341—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of additional elements, e.g. meshes non-integral with the parts to be joined, e.g. making use of extra elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D27/00—Connections between superstructure or understructure sub-units
    • B62D27/02—Connections between superstructure or understructure sub-units rigid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B2/00—Friction-grip releasable fastenings
    • F16B2/005—Means to increase the friction-coefficient
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/483—Reactive adhesives, e.g. chemically curing adhesives
    • B29C65/485—Multi-component adhesives, i.e. chemically curing as a result of the mixing of said multi-components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7212—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7394—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7394—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset
    • B29C66/73941—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset characterised by the materials of both parts being thermosets
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
    • Y10T156/1089—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor of discrete laminae to single face of additional lamina
    • Y10T156/109—Embedding of laminae within face of additional laminae
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49908—Joining by deforming
    • Y10T29/49936—Surface interlocking

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
  • Cable Accessories (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Glanulating (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Flanged Joints, Insulating Joints, And Other Joints (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 技術分野 この発明は、２表面間の相互移動を防止すべく２表面
間に機械的ロックを得る方法に関する。特に、本発明
は、２つの表面に微細顆粒を埋め込むことによって２表
面間に機械的ロックを得る方法に関する。
背景技術 多数の工業的技術および方法において、隣接面の相互
移動を防止する必要がしばしばある。これらの工業技術
の１つは自動車や他の輸送車両用ドアまたはフードのよ
うなクロージュアの製造に見られる。これらのクロージ
ュアは、典型的に鋼の２つの平らな面またはパネルを接
合することによって形成される鋼の２重層を必要とす
る。外パネル内に内パネルを配置し、外パネルの縁部を
内パネルの縁部を越えて延在させる。その外パネルの縁
部は折り曲げ加工として知られる工程において内パネル
の縁部の上に折り曲げまたは縁曲げされる、そして得ら
れた構造物がいわゆるヘム・フランジである。
ヘム・フランジの外パネルに関して内パネルを永久固
定するために、重複している金属表面間に接着剤を塗布
して、硬化する、または２つのパネルを一緒に溶接して
永久ヘム・フランジ組立物を形成する。ヘム・フランジ
の形成後で接着剤の硬化または溶接直前に、ヘム・フラ
ンジは輸送および取扱いを受けて、パネルの相互移動が
しばしば生じて、製造過程で多数の問題が生じる。従っ
て、永久硬化または溶接直前のパネルの移動を防ぐため
に、ある程度の初生（未処理）強さまたは取扱い強さを
有する接着剤組成物または他の手段を利用して、ある程
度の即座の取扱い強さを得る必要がある。
ヘム・フランジの形成に望ましい初取扱い強さを与え
る試みにおいて種々の接着剤組成物が開発されてきた。
これらの接着剤組成物の例は、例えば米国特許番号4,70
3,809;4,855,001;4,857,131;および5,096,962に見られ
る。高取扱い強さと十分な安定性または貯蔵寿命特性の
両方をもった一液型接着剤組成物を配合することは困難
であることが立証されている。適当な取扱い強さと貯蔵
寿命をもった接着剤組成物の大部分が二液型配合物のみ
に利用され、それらは高価な塗布技術および装置を要し
かつ２部の接着剤の混合および塗布後、短時間内にパネ
ルを嵌合させる必要がある。
ヘム・フランジ初取扱い強さを与える別の方法は、接
着剤組成物と共に誘導硬化装置の利用である。その誘導
硬化装置は、取扱い強さを得るために、ヘム・フランジ
の金属パネルを加熱して接着剤組成物を予備ゲル化させ
るために使用する。しかしながら、誘導硬化装置は高価
で厄介である。
ヘム・フランジの形成に接着剤組成物を利用する場
合、金属パネルの間に塗布された接着剤組成物の一定の
厚さを維持するために、球状ガラスビーズを使用するこ
とが提案されている。そのガラスビーズはスペーサーと
して作用して、金属パネルが押し出す（それは接着層の
破壊をもたらす）のを防ぐ。
発明の開示 ガラスビーズのような微顆粒を適切に利用すると、２
表面に塗布した接着剤組成物の強さに無関係にそれらの
表面に実際に取扱い強さを提供できることが発見され
た。従って、本発明は、高取扱い強さの接着剤組成物お
よび対応する高価な塗布および誘導高価装置の必要性を
なくす。さらに詳しくは、本発明は、２つの表面の間の
該表面の各々の降伏強さより高い圧縮強さを有する微顆
粒を提供し、該表面の両方に相当数の微顆粒を埋め込む
のに十分な圧力で２つの表面を相互の方向へ押圧する工
程から成る２表面間の機械的ロック法に関する。驚くこ
とに、両表面に相当数の微顆粒を埋め込むことによっ
て、接着剤の強度に無関係にかなりの機械的ロックまた
は取扱い強さが得られることが発見された。
本発明の方法はヘム・フランジの成形に利用するのが
望ましい。従って、また本発明は、 （ａ）第１のパネルの縁を越えて第２のパネルの縁が延
在するように、第１のパネルを第２のパネルに隣接して
配置する工程； （ｂ）２つの表面の各々の降伏強さより高い圧縮強さを
有する微顆粒を２つのパネルの重複部に提供する工程； （ｃ）第１のパネルの縁の上に第２のパネルの非重複部
を折り曲げる工程；および （ｄ）相当数の微顆粒が両パネルに埋め込まれるよう
に、両パネルの重複部に圧力を加える工程、から成るヘ
ム・フランジの成形法に関する。
図面の簡単な説明 図１は、ヘム加工ダイによって圧力を加える直前に２
つの金属パネルの間に微顆粒を設けたヘム・フランジの
略図である。
図２は、金属パネルの両方に微顆粒を埋設したことを
示すヘム加工用ダイによる圧力印加後のヘム・フランジ
の略図である。
発明を実施するための最良の形態 本発明は、２つの表面の各々の降伏強度より高い圧縮
強度をもった微顆粒を２つの表面に提供し、該表面の両
方に相当数の微顆粒を埋め込むのに十分な圧力で２つの
表面を相互の方向に押圧する工程から成る２つの表面の
機械的固定法に関する。
本発明の方法に使用するのに適した表面は、本質的に
微顆粒を埋め込むことができる十分な厚さをもった表面
にすることができる、そしてパネルのような平らな表面
が望ましい。その表面は金属表面のような展延性の表面
が望ましく、鋼、鉄、アルミニウム、黄銅、銅、等を含
む各種金属にすることができる。その表面は、熱硬化性
樹脂および熱可塑性樹脂のような種々の非金属材料から
も成りうる。熱硬化性樹脂の例は、ガラス充てんエポキ
シ樹脂およびガラス充てんポリエステルを含み、熱可塑
性樹脂の例はポリ尿素およびポリカーボネートを含む。
本法は２つの同一、２つの類似または２つの異なる表面
を機械的に固定するために利用される。現在のところ、
輸送車両のヘム・フランジの製造に利用される冷延鋼お
よび亜鉛メッキ鋼のような平らな鋼板を本発明に利用す
るのが望ましい。ヘム・フランジの成形に利用される鋼
板は、典型的に約0.051〜0.152cm望ましくは約0.071〜
0.081の範囲の厚さを有する。
前述のように、表面の降伏強度は微顆粒の圧縮強度よ
り低くなければならない。表面の降伏強度は、典型的に
特定表面の供給者から入手できる。技術的に既知のよう
に、一般に表面を構成する材料の応力−歪曲線から得ら
れる。
本発明の方法に有用な微顆粒は、埋め込まれる表面の
降伏強度より高い圧縮強度を有する材料から構成される
ことができる。顆粒を誘導できる材料の例はガラス、セ
ラミックスおよびステンレス鋼またはチタンのような硬
質金属を含む。微顆粒は対向する２つの表面に部分的ま
たは完全に埋め込む形状または大きさを有し、実質的に
球状が望ましい。現在のところ、本発明の微顆粒として
は球状ガラスビーズを利用するのが望ましい。
球状の場合、微顆粒は埋込み後２つの表面の間に必要
なスペースに依存して必要な直径を有する。実質的に球
状の顆粒を利用するヘム・フランジの場合の球状顆粒は
典型的に約0.013〜0.13cm、望ましくは約0.025〜0.050c
mの範囲の直径を有する。所定の用途に利用される顆粒
はできる限り均一な直径分布を有する必要があるが、顆
粒間の直径の若干の変動は許容される。直径の変動ある
場合、大きい直径の顆粒はヘム・フランジの成形中に小
さい直径の顆粒より前に埋め込まれる。
前述のように、顆粒の圧縮強度は２つの表面の各々の
降伏強度より大きくしなければならない。異なる降伏強
度を有する２つの異なる表面を機械的に固定するとき、
微顆粒の圧縮強度は２つの表面のそれぞれの降伏強度の
各々より高くなければならない。この場合、各表面に埋
め込む度合は特定の表面の降伏強度に関連して変わる。
微顆粒の圧縮強度は、典型的に特定顆粒の供給者から入
手できる、そして技術的に既知のように、硬化表面間の
顆粒が破壊するまで負荷を与えることによって決定され
る。
微顆粒は、２つの表面の間に種々の方法で提供でき
る。例えば、顆粒は純粋な形で表面の間に提供したり、
またキヤリヤー材料と組合せて表面の間に提供すること
ができる。そのキヤリヤー材料は本質的に液体または粘
性媒体のタイプにすることができる。本発明に有用なキ
ヤリヤー材料の例はポリウレタン、エポキシ樹脂および
アクリル重合体のような種々の重合体材料を含む。
ヘム・フランジの製造の場合のキヤリヤー材料は、ヘ
ム・フランジを接着するために従来から利用されている
接着剤組成物にすることができる。しかしがら、埋込ま
れた微顆粒は独立して取扱い強度を与えるから、接着剤
自身が相当な初取扱い強さを有する必要はない。ヘム・
フランジ用にキヤリヤー材料として利用する接着剤組成
物はヘム・フランジの操作に利用される従来の接着剤組
成物、例えば米国特許番号4,703,809;4,855,001;4,857,
131;および5,096,962に記載されいるアクリル樹脂組成
物にすることができる。その接着剤組成物は、技術的に
周知のように一液型や二液型接着剤組成物として使用さ
れる。そして微顆粒は二液型の場合に二液の片方または
両方に含有されることができる。微顆粒を含有する接着
剤組成物は、ヘム・フランジを成形する前に固定するパ
ネルに塗布するが、または微顆粒を埋め込むヘムイング
ダイによって圧力を加える前に予備形成したヘム・フラ
ンジに注入する。
２つの表面の間に提供される微顆粒の量は、用途およ
び必要な効果に依存して変わる。球状微顆粒を利用する
ヘム・フランジの場合、球状微顆粒は典型的にキヤリヤ
ー材料の約２〜25、望ましくは３〜10体積％の範囲内の
濃度でキヤリヤー材料と共に使用する。
機械的に固定する２つの表面は、ダイ、プレスまたは
他の有効な手段を利用することによって相互に押圧され
る。前述のように、２つの表面は相当数の微顆粒を各表
面に埋め込むのに十分な圧力で相互押圧されなければな
らない。ここでの用「相当数」は、所定の用途において
十分な機械的ロックを得るために埋め込まねばならない
微顆粒の数、そして典型的に微顆粒の少なくとも大多数
を意味する。相当数の微顆粒を埋め込むのに必要な力
は、必要な埋め込み度および固定させる特定表面の降伏
応力に依存して変わる。鋼板を利用するヘム・フランジ
用の場合、内パネルと外パネルは、外パネルに関して内
パネルを移動させるのに必要な圧力（以下「移動力」と
記す）が約22.7kg以上のとき機械的に固定されると考え
られる。従って、ヘム・フランジ用に関して、用語「相
当数」は、約3.5kg/cm2（50psi）以上の移動力を得るた
めに埋め込まなければならない微顆粒の数を意味する。
鋼板を含むヘム・フランジ用の場合、球状微顆粒を利
用するときには典型的に約245〜770kg/cm2望ましくは約
420〜560kg/cm2の範囲内の圧力が必要である。その圧力
は、相当数の微顆粒が確実に埋め込まれるようにパネル
の重複部の上に均一に加わると共に、少数の顆粒は固定
強度に悪影響を与えることなく破砕するけれども微顆粒
を完全に破砕しないように加える必要がある。さらに、
その圧力は微顆粒がパネルの反対側に出てヘム・フラン
ジの外表面に不体裁な***をもたらさなういように加え
ることが望ましい。典型的に、ガラスビーズの高濃度ま
たは大直径は所定の埋込み度を得るのに高い圧力を必要
とする。
上記の埋め込み圧力は、接着剤の厚さを一定に保つた
めに機械的スペーサーとしてのみ作用するガラスビーズ
でヘム・フランジ・アセンブリを作るために利用する圧
力と区別する必要がある。（後者の圧力は35〜210kg/cm
2の範囲にある）。少数の大きいガラスビーズは所定の
用途で機械的スペーサーとしてガラスビーズを利用する
ヘム・フランジ工程中に不規則に部分的に埋め込まれる
ことに注意する必要がある。しかしながら、この不規則
で少数の埋込みは決して本発明による機械的ロックをさ
せない。
ヘム・フランジに実質的に球状の微顆粒を埋込む手順
を図１および図２に示す。図１に示すように、内パネル
10は外パネル12に隣接して配置されている。そして内パ
ネル10の縁を越えて延在する外パネル12の縁は内パネル
10の縁の上に折り曲げまたは縁曲げ（クリンプ）されて
外パネル上部14と外パネル下部16を形成する。ガラスビ
ーズ18は内パネル10と外パネル12の重複部の間に設けら
れた。ヘム加工ダイが外パネル上部14に力を加えて、内
パネル10を外パネル下部16方向へ押し付ける。図２は、
球状顆粒18が内パネル10と外パネル下部16の両方に埋め
込まれたことを示す。球状の顆粒は２つのパネル間に機
械的ロックを形成してせん断力Ｆに抵抗する。
特に非ヘム・フランジ用に本発明の方法を実施する場
合、対向する２つの表面に所定の力で必要な機械的ロッ
クを与えるのに必要な顆粒の最適サイズおよび量を決定
するために、わずかの実験が必要である。
次の実施例は本発明の説明のために示すものであっ
て、請求の範囲に規定されている発明の範囲を限定する
ものではない。
実施例 １ この実施例の手順の記載における参考のために図１と
図２を用いる。厚さが0.076cmで降伏強さが1890kg/cm2
の1in×4in（2.54cm×10.16cm）の鋼クーポン２枚を縦
に重ねて、図１に示したようにヘム・フランジの形に成
形した。ヘム・フランジの成形直前に、3850kg/cm2の圧
縮強度および0.025cmの平均直径を有する球状ガラスビ
ーズ約10体積％を含有するアクリル接着剤組成物（ロー
ド社の商品名VERSILOK252）を内パネル10と外パネル12
の重複部の間に塗布する。接着剤は硬化性の存在しない
ときに使用して、キヤリヤー材のみとして作用する。パ
ネルの間の1.27cm×2.54cmの矩形重複部の間に約0.0327
cm3の接着剤を塗布する。次に約252kg/cm2の圧力Ｐを外
パネル上部14に均一に加えてガラスビーズを埋め込む。
比較例 ２ キヤリヤー材にガラスビーズが含まれないことを除い
て、実施例１に従ってヘム・フランジ・アセンブリを製
造する。
引張試験 実施例１および比較例に従って製造したヘム・フラン
ジ・アセンブリは、外パネル下部に第３の金属クーポン
を接続させることによって引張強さを試験する。次に、
インストロン引張試験機の使用によって図２に示したよ
うに、せん断力Ｆとして圧力を加える。次に実施例１お
よび比較例２の両方の試料８個について、内パネルを外
パネルから引っ張るのに必要な力を記録する。実施例１
のヘム・フランジ・アセンブリのパネルを分離するのに
必要な力の平均値は22.5kgであるのに対して、比較例２
のヘム・フランジ・アセンブリのパネルを分離するのに
必要な力の平均値は2.9kgである。
上記実施例は、本発明の方法によるヘム・フランジの
成形において埋め込まれた微顆粒によって、単独に提供
される実質的な取扱い強度を示す。
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (56)参考文献 特開 昭63−242635（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭58−210234（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭61−60772（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 平５−495（ＪＰ，Ａ) 実開 昭61−20813（ＪＰ，Ｕ) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.6，ＤＢ名) B32B 7/08 B32B 15/01 B32B 27/20 B32B 31/10

Claims (10)

    (57)【特許請求の範囲】
  1. 【請求項１】（ａ）第２のパネルの縁が第１のパネルの
    縁を越えて延在するように、第２のパネルに隣接するが
    接触しない第１のパネルを配置する工程； （ｂ）前記２つのパネルの各々の降伏強さより大きい圧
    縮強さを有する微顆粒と接着剤を該２つのパネルの重複
    部の間に提供する工程； （ｃ）前記第１のパネルの縁の上に第２のパネルの非重
    複部を折り曲げる工程； （ｄ）前記パネルの重複部をダイまたはプレスに配置す
    る工程；および （ｅ）前記両パネルが一定の間隔を保ったまま所定の点
    まで相互の方向に移動されかつ相当数の微顆粒が該両方
    のパネルに埋め込まれて機械的ロックを形成し、第２の
    パネルに関して第１のパネルを移動させるのに必要な圧
    力が3.5kg/cm2より高い移動力を必要とし、かつ前記機
    械的ロックが実質的に前記微顆粒のみによって得られる
    ように、パネルの重複部にダイまたはプレスを介して24
    5〜770kg/cm2の圧力を加える工程から成ることを特徴と
    する第１のパネルと第２のパネル間に機械的ロックを形
    成する方法。
  2. 【請求項２】微顆粒が実質的に球状である請求項１の方
    法。
  3. 【請求項３】ダイまたはプレスがヘム加工用ダイまたは
    プレスである請求項１または請求項２の方法。
  4. 【請求項４】パネルが金属材料から成る請求項１の方
    法。
  5. 【請求項５】前記工程（ｅ）で加える圧力がパネルの重
    複部の上に均一に加えられる請求項１の方法。
  6. 【請求項６】（ａ）第２のパネルの縁が第１のパネルの
    縁を越えて延在するように、第２のパネルに隣接するの
    が接触しない第１のパネルを配置する工程； （ｂ）前記２つのパネルの各々の降伏応力よりも大きい
    圧縮強さを有する微顆粒と接着剤を２つのパネルの重複
    部の間に提供する工程； （ｃ）第１のパネルの縁の上に第２のパネルの非重複部
    を折り曲げる工程； （ｄ）パネルが一定の間隔を保ったままかつ相当数の微
    顆粒が両方のパネルに埋め込まれる点まで相互の方向に
    移動し、第２のパネルに関して第１のパネルを移動させ
    るのに必要な圧力が3.5kg/cm2より大きい移動力を必要
    とするように、パネルの重複部に245〜770kg/cm2の圧力
    を加えて、両パネルの間に一時的な機械的ロックをもた
    らす工程から成ることを特徴とするヘム・フランジ・ア
    センブリの成形法。
  7. 【請求項７】微顆粒が実質的に球状である請求項６の方
    法。
  8. 【請求項８】パネルが金属材料から成る請求項６の方
    法。
  9. 【請求項９】工程（ｄ）で加える圧力がパネルの重複部
    の上に均一に加えられる請求項６の方法。
  10. 【請求項１０】さらに、工程（ｄ）の後、工程（ｅ）に
    おける最終的ロックを達成する前に輸送および取扱いを
    受けることから成る請求項６の方法。
JP7500709A 1993-05-25 1994-05-16 ２表面間の機械的ロック法 Expired - Lifetime JP2811372B2 (ja)

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US08/067,501 1993-05-25

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DE69431752D1 (de) 2003-01-02
EP0700337A1 (en) 1996-03-13
EP0700337B1 (en) 2002-11-20
ATE228214T1 (de) 2002-12-15
DE700337T1 (de) 1996-10-10
DE69431752T2 (de) 2003-07-10
US5487803A (en) 1996-01-30
EP0700337A4 (en) 1998-04-15
ES2187523T3 (es) 2003-06-16
CA2163647C (en) 2000-10-31
CA2163647A1 (en) 1994-12-08
WO1994027817A1 (en) 1994-12-08
JPH08510698A (ja) 1996-11-12
EP0825351A1 (en) 1998-02-25

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