JP2017113756A - SOLDER ALLOY INCLUDING Sn EXCELLENT IN SURFACE PROPERTY AS MAIN COMPONENT, AND SELECTION METHOD THEREFOR - Google Patents

SOLDER ALLOY INCLUDING Sn EXCELLENT IN SURFACE PROPERTY AS MAIN COMPONENT, AND SELECTION METHOD THEREFOR Download PDF

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JP2017113756A
JP2017113756A JP2015248494A JP2015248494A JP2017113756A JP 2017113756 A JP2017113756 A JP 2017113756A JP 2015248494 A JP2015248494 A JP 2015248494A JP 2015248494 A JP2015248494 A JP 2015248494A JP 2017113756 A JP2017113756 A JP 2017113756A
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JP6892568B2 (en
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井関 隆士
Takashi Izeki
隆士 井関
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Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an Sn-based solder alloy having excellent wet spreadability, bondability and high joint reliability, minor in quality variation and secular change of various characteristics, and excellent in storability.SOLUTION: In the display of a measured surface color of a solder alloy by the L*a*b* display system of JIS Z8781-4, L* is in the range of 29.0 to 51.0; a* is in the range of -3.05 to -0.05; and b* is in the range of -5.2 to 0.8 in the case of the Sn-Ag-Cu based solder alloy having a prescribed composition. In the case of the Sn-Sb based solder alloy having the prescribed composition, L* is in the range of 14.5 to 38.5; a* is in the range of -2.45 to -0.85; and b* is in the range of -14.6 to -0.6.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

本発明は、基板と電子部品等の接合用などに使用されるSnを主成分とするSn系はんだ合金及び該はんだ合金の選別方法に関する。   The present invention relates to an Sn-based solder alloy containing Sn as a main component and used for joining a substrate and an electronic component and a method for selecting the solder alloy.

従来、はんだ合金には柔らかくて加工しやすいPbが主成分として用いられていたが、近年は環境汚染に対する配慮からPbの使用を制限する動きが強くなってきており、例えばRoHS指令などではPbは規制対象物質になっている。こうした動きに対応して、電子部品などの組立の分野においても、Pbを含まない(無鉛)はんだ合金、即ちPbフリーはんだ合金が求められており、既に中低温用(約140〜230℃)のはんだ合金ではSnを主成分とするPbフリーのはんだ合金が実用化されている。   Conventionally, Pb, which is soft and easy to process, has been used as a main component in solder alloys. However, in recent years, there has been a strong movement to limit the use of Pb due to consideration for environmental pollution. It is a regulated substance. Corresponding to these movements, in the field of assembly of electronic parts and the like, a Pb-free (lead-free) solder alloy, that is, a Pb-free solder alloy has been demanded, and already used for medium and low temperatures (about 140 to 230 ° C.). As a solder alloy, a Pb-free solder alloy containing Sn as a main component has been put into practical use.

例えば特許文献1にはSnを主成分とし、Agを1.0〜4.0質量%、Cuを2.0質量%以下、Niを0.5質量%以下、Pを0.2質量%以下含有するPbフリーのはんだ合金が記載されている。また、特許文献2にはAgを0.5〜3.5質量%、Cuを0.5〜2.0質量%含有し、残部がSnからなるPbフリーのはんだ合金が記載されている。   For example, in Patent Document 1, Sn is the main component, Ag is 1.0 to 4.0 mass%, Cu is 2.0 mass% or less, Ni is 0.5 mass% or less, and P is 0.2 mass% or less. A Pb-free solder alloy is described. Patent Document 2 describes a Pb-free solder alloy containing 0.5 to 3.5% by mass of Ag, 0.5 to 2.0% by mass of Cu, and the balance being Sn.

更に、特許文献3には上記のようなPbフリーはんだ合金の接合性を向上させるため、はんだ合金及び被接合部材の両方とも前処理を行うことなくフラックスレスではんだ接続する技術が開示されている。このはんだ接合方法は、力を加えることにより溶融はんだの表面被膜が破れて濡れ性を確保することができるので、より高い酸素濃度でLSI、回路基板等の電子回路の被接合部材の接合部間をフラックスレスではんだ接合することができる。具体的には、この電子回路のフラックスレスはんだ接合方法は、被接合部材の両方の接合面にAuめっきを施す工程と、上記接合面に接合用のはんだを供給する工程と、上記接合用のはんだを非酸化性若しくは還元性の雰囲気下で加熱溶融して、はんだの新生面を露出させてはんだの濡れ性を確保する工程とを含むことを特徴としている。   Furthermore, Patent Document 3 discloses a technique for soldering in a fluxless manner without performing pretreatment on both the solder alloy and the member to be joined in order to improve the jointability of the Pb-free solder alloy as described above. . In this soldering method, by applying force, the surface film of the molten solder is torn and the wettability can be ensured. Therefore, the bonding between the joined parts of the electronic circuit members such as LSIs and circuit boards at a higher oxygen concentration is possible. Can be soldered without flux. Specifically, the electronic circuit fluxless solder bonding method includes a step of applying Au plating to both bonding surfaces of the members to be bonded, a step of supplying solder for bonding to the bonding surfaces, and the bonding And a step of heating and melting the solder in a non-oxidizing or reducing atmosphere to expose the new surface of the solder to ensure the wettability of the solder.

特開平11−077366号公報Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-077366 特開平8−215880号公報JP-A-8-215880 特開平6−326448号広報JP-A-6-326448

上記の特許文献3の技術は、フラックスレスで濡れ性を確保することができる上、ボイドの巻き込みやフラックス残渣に由来する様々な不具合がなくなり、また、フラックス残渣の洗浄工程が不要になるので非常にメリットがある。しかし、特許文献3の技術では、被接合部材の両方の接合面に非常に高価なAuを用いてAuめっきを施す必要があり、コスト高になるという問題をかかえている。   The technique of the above-mentioned Patent Document 3 can ensure wettability with no flux, eliminates various problems caused by void entrainment and flux residue, and eliminates the need for a flux residue cleaning step. There are merits. However, in the technique of Patent Document 3, it is necessary to perform Au plating on both joint surfaces of the members to be joined using very expensive Au, which raises a problem of high cost.

また、近年の技術の進歩により電子機器はより過酷な条件下で使用される場合が増えており、そのため、電子機器に搭載される電子部品等の接合等に使用されるSnを主成分とするはんだ合金には、優れた濡れ広がり性や接合性に加えて、諸特性の経時変化が少なく、保管性に優れていることが求められるようになってきている。このような背景のもと、本発明は優れた濡れ広がり性や接合性を有することにより高い接合信頼性が得られることに加えて、諸特性の経時変化が少なく、長期に亘って高品質の状態を保つことが可能なSn系はんだ合金を提供することを目的としている。   Further, due to recent technological advances, electronic devices are increasingly used under harsher conditions, and therefore, Sn as a main component is used for joining electronic components and the like mounted on electronic devices. In addition to excellent wetting and spreading properties, solder alloys are required to have little change with time in various characteristics and to have excellent storage properties. Against such a background, the present invention has high wettability and bondability, so that high bonding reliability can be obtained. An object of the present invention is to provide a Sn-based solder alloy capable of maintaining the state.

上記目的を達成するため、本発明が提供するSn系はんだ合金の第1の実施形態は、表面の色をJIS Z8781−4のL*a*b*表示系で表したときにL*が29.0以上51.0以下、a*が−3.05以上−0.05以下、b*が−5.2以上0.8以下であり、Agを0.1質量%以上6.5質量%以下、Cuを0.01質量%以上5.0質量%以下含有し、残部が製造上、不可避的に含まれる元素を除きSnからなることを特徴としている。   In order to achieve the above object, according to the first embodiment of the Sn-based solder alloy provided by the present invention, L * is 29 when the surface color is expressed by the L * a * b * display system of JIS Z8781-4. 0.0 to 51.0, a * is −3.05 to −0.05, b * is −5.2 to 0.8, and Ag is 0.1% to 6.5% by mass. Hereinafter, Cu is contained in an amount of 0.01% by mass or more and 5.0% by mass or less, and the balance is made of Sn except for elements that are inevitably included in production.

また、本発明が提供するSn系はんだ合金の第2の実施形態は、 表面の色をJIS Z8781−4のL*a*b*表示系で表したときにL*が14.5以上38.5以下、a*が−2.45以上−0.85以下、b*が−14.6以上−0.6以下であり、Sbを0.01質量%以上20.00質量%以下含有し、残部が製造上、不可避的に含まれる元素を除きSnからなることを特徴としている。   In addition, in the second embodiment of the Sn-based solder alloy provided by the present invention, when the surface color is expressed by the L * a * b * display system of JIS Z8781-4, L * is 14.5 or more and 38. 5 or less, a * is -2.45 or more and -0.85 or less, b * is -14.6 or more and -0.6 or less, Sb is contained 0.01 mass% or more and 20.00 mass% or less, The remainder is characterized by being composed of Sn except for elements inevitably included in production.

更に、本発明が提供するSn系はんだ合金の選別方法の第1の実施形態は、Agを0.1質量%以上6.5質量%以下、Cuを0.01質量%以上5.0質量%以下含有し、残部が製造上、不可避的に含まれる元素を除きSnからなるSn−Ag−Cu系はんだ合金の選別方法であって、はんだ合金の表面の色を測定してJIS Z8781−4のL*a*b*表示系で表したとき、L*が29.0以上51.0以下、a*が−3.05以上−0.05以下、及びb*が−5.2以上0.8以下のうちの少なくともいずれかを満たさない場合は取り除くことを特徴としている。   Furthermore, in the first embodiment of the Sn-based solder alloy selection method provided by the present invention, Ag is 0.1% by mass to 6.5% by mass and Cu is 0.01% by mass to 5.0% by mass. A method for selecting Sn—Ag—Cu based solder alloy containing Sn except for elements inevitably contained in the production, the balance of which is as follows. When expressed in the L * a * b * display system, L * is 29.0 to 51.0, a * is −3.05 to −0.05, and b * is −5.2 to 0.5. If at least one of 8 or less is not satisfied, it is removed.

また、本発明が提供するSn系はんだ合金の選別方法の第2の実施形態は、Sbを0.01質量%以上20.00質量%以下含有し、残部が製造上、不可避的に含まれる元素を除きSnからなるSn−Sb系はんだ合金の選別方法であって、はんだ合金の表面の色を測定してJIS Z8781−4のL*a*b*表示系で表したとき、L*が14.5以上38.5以下、a*が−2.45以上−0.85以下、及びb*が−14.6以上−0.6以下のうち少なくともいずれかを満たさない場合は取り除くことを特徴としている。   In addition, the second embodiment of the Sn-based solder alloy selection method provided by the present invention is an element containing Sb in an amount of 0.01% to 20.00% by weight, and the remainder inevitably included in production. In this method, the surface color of the solder alloy is measured and expressed in the L * a * b * display system of JIS Z8781-4. It is removed if at least one of .5 to 38.5, a * is -2.45 to -0.85, and b * is -14.6 to -0.6 is not satisfied. It is said.

本発明によれば、優れた濡れ広がり及び接合性を有することにより高い接合信頼性が得られることに加えて、品質のバラつきや諸特性の経時変化が少なく、保管性に優れたSn系はんだ合金を提供することができる。   According to the present invention, in addition to obtaining high joint reliability by having excellent wetting spread and jointability, there is little variation in quality and change over time of various characteristics, and Sn-based solder alloy having excellent storage properties Can be provided.

NiめっきしたCu基板の上にはんだ合金が接合された接合体の断面図である。It is sectional drawing of the joined body with which the solder alloy was joined on Cu board | substrate which carried out Ni plating. 縦横比の計算に用いる最大のはんだ濡れ広がり長さの長径(X1)及び最小のはんだ濡れ広がり長さの短径(X2)を模式的に示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows typically the major axis (X1) of the maximum solder wetting spread length used for calculation of an aspect ratio, and the short axis (X2) of the minimum solder wetting spreading length. NiめっきしたCu基板とSiチップとをはんだ合金で接合した接合体の断面図である。It is sectional drawing of the joined body which joined Cu board | substrate and Ni chip | tip which plated Ni, and the solder alloy.

本発明はSnを主成分とするSn系はんだ合金のうちSn−Ag−Cu系はんだ合金及びSn−Sb系はんだ合金を対象としており、これらはいずれも固相線温度がおおよそ210℃以上である。そして、JIS Z8781−4のL*a*b*表示系ではんだ合金の表面の色を表したときにL*、a*、及びb*がそれぞれ所定の範囲内であることを必須の条件としている。これは、Sn系はんだ合金でははんだ表面に酸化物や不純物が存在するとはんだ合金の表面特性が好ましい状態ではなくなり、濡れ特性などの諸特性が経時変化し易い不安定な状態になるが、このような不安定な状態ではSn系はんだ合金の表面の色を上記のL*a*b*表示系で表した時、L*、a*及びb*の少なくともいずれかが予め定めておいた範囲から外れることを発明者は見出した。   The present invention is intended for Sn-Ag-Cu solder alloys and Sn-Sb solder alloys among Sn solder alloys mainly composed of Sn, both of which have a solidus temperature of approximately 210 ° C or higher. . In addition, when the color of the surface of the solder alloy is expressed by the L * a * b * display system of JIS Z8781-4, it is an essential condition that L *, a *, and b * are each within a predetermined range. Yes. This is because, in the case of Sn-based solder alloys, if oxides or impurities are present on the solder surface, the surface characteristics of the solder alloy are not favorable, and various characteristics such as wetting characteristics tend to change with time. In an unstable state, when the surface color of the Sn-based solder alloy is represented by the above L * a * b * display system, at least one of L *, a * and b * is within a predetermined range. The inventor has found that it is off.

すなわち、はんだの表面特性が良好な状態のまま安定的に保たれているか否かの判断を、単にはんだ合金の表面の色を把握することで簡易に行い得ることを見出した。但し、このように加工性、応力緩和性、信頼性等の諸特性に影響を及ぼすはんだの表面特性をL*、a*、b*で把握するには、はんだ合金の組成を所定の範囲内にする必要がある。以下、かかる本発明のSn系はんだ合金の必須元素及び必要に応じて含有させる元素並びにL*a*b*表示系のL*、a*、b*について詳細に説明する。   That is, it has been found that it is possible to easily determine whether or not the solder surface characteristics are stably maintained in a good state by simply grasping the surface color of the solder alloy. However, in order to grasp the surface characteristics of the solder that affect various properties such as workability, stress relaxation, and reliability in this way by L *, a *, b *, the composition of the solder alloy is within a predetermined range. It is necessary to. Hereinafter, essential elements of the Sn-based solder alloy of the present invention, elements to be contained as necessary, and L *, a *, b * of the L * a * b * display system will be described in detail.

<L*、a*、b*>
はんだ合金の濡れ性や接合性をバラツキなく安定させるためにはその表面状態を一定に維持するのが好ましい。一般的に、はんだ合金の表面は酸化物層や僅かではあるが不純物が不可避的に付着しているため、それらがどのような状態で付着しているかを明確に把握することができれば品質管理上好ましい。そこで、例えば電界放射型オージェ電子分光装置などではんだ表面付近の酸化物層や炭素量、はんだ成分などを測定することが考えられるが、このような分析装置を製造ラインに入れてはんだ合金の品質管理を行うのはコストがかかり過ぎて現実的ではない。
<L *, a *, b *>
In order to stabilize the wettability and bondability of the solder alloy without variation, it is preferable to keep the surface state constant. In general, the surface of the solder alloy has an oxide layer and a small amount of impurities inevitably adhered, so if you can clearly grasp the state in which they adhere, it is necessary for quality control. preferable. Therefore, for example, it is conceivable to measure the oxide layer, carbon content, solder composition, etc. near the solder surface with a field emission Auger electron spectrometer, etc. Management is too costly and impractical.

本発明者はSn系はんだ合金において濡れ性や接合性に大きく影響するはんだ合金の表面特性をはんだ合金の表面の色(明度、色相、彩度)を測定することにより簡易に把握して制御できることを見出した。すなわち、本発明のSn系はんだ合金は、その表面の色を測定してこれをJIS Z8781−4のL*a*b*表示系で表した時、Sn−Ag−Cu系はんだ合金の場合は、L*が29.0以上51.0以下、a*が−3.05以上−0.05以下、b*が−5.2以上0.8以下の範囲であり、Sn−Sb系はんだ合金の場合は、L*が14.5以上38.5以下、a*が−2.45以上−0.85以下、b*が−14.6以上−0.6以下の範囲内であることを特徴としている。   The present inventor can easily grasp and control the surface characteristics of a solder alloy that greatly affects wettability and bondability in a Sn-based solder alloy by measuring the surface color (brightness, hue, saturation) of the solder alloy. I found. That is, when the Sn-based solder alloy of the present invention measures the color of the surface and expresses this in the L * a * b * display system of JIS Z8781-4, the Sn-Ag-Cu-based solder alloy , L * is in the range of 29.0 to 51.0, a * is in the range of −3.05 to −0.05, b * is in the range of −5.2 to 0.8, and Sn—Sb solder alloy In the case of L *, L * is in the range of 14.5 to 38.5, a * is in the range of −2.45 to −0.85, and b * is in the range of −14.6 to −0.6. It is a feature.

ここでL*、a*、b*はJIS Z8781において定義される色に関するL*a*b*表示系であり、明度をL*、色相と彩度をa*及びb*で表現したものである。Sn系はんだ合金の表面の色のL*、a*、b*を上記の範囲内とすることにより、はんだ合金の表面層における濡れ性や接合性に悪影響を及ぼす酸化層や不純物の付着状態が許容範囲内になり、また、この良好なはんだ表面状態をほぼ均一な状態に保つことができる。その結果、濡れ広がりや被接合体との合金生成をほぼ均一にでき、ボイドの形成を抑えることができる。よって高い接合信頼性を得ることが可能になる。   Here, L *, a *, and b * are L * a * b * display systems related to colors defined in JIS Z8781, where brightness is represented by L * and hue and saturation are represented by a * and b *. is there. By setting the surface color L *, a *, and b * of the Sn-based solder alloy within the above range, the adhesion state of oxide layers and impurities that adversely affect the wettability and bondability of the surface layer of the solder alloy can be obtained. This is within the allowable range, and this good solder surface state can be kept almost uniform. As a result, wetting and spreading and alloy formation with the joined body can be made almost uniform, and void formation can be suppressed. Therefore, it is possible to obtain high bonding reliability.

本発明のSn系はんだ合金は、このように高品質の状態を安定的に保てるので、収率や生産性が高くなり、コスト的なメリットが得られる。また、表面状態が清浄であることによって酸化や腐食等が進行しにくくなり、保管性や耐食性等にも優れたはんだ合金を提供することができる。Sn系はんだ合金においてL*、a*及びb*の少なくともいずれかが上記の範囲を外れていると、酸化物層が厚かったり、不純物が許容範囲を超えて存在したりする可能性が高くなり、そのようなはんだ合金は高い頻度で濡れ性や接合性に劣るため、結果的に接合信頼性が低いものになる。   Since the Sn-based solder alloy of the present invention can stably maintain a high quality state as described above, the yield and productivity are increased, and a cost advantage can be obtained. Moreover, since the surface state is clean, oxidation, corrosion, and the like are unlikely to proceed, and a solder alloy having excellent storability and corrosion resistance can be provided. If at least one of L *, a *, and b * is out of the above range in the Sn-based solder alloy, there is a high possibility that the oxide layer is thick or impurities are present beyond the allowable range. Such solder alloys frequently have poor wettability and bondability, resulting in low bonding reliability.

これは、はんだ合金の表面が製造初期段階において既に酸化が進行していたり表面に不純物が多く付着していたりすると、その部分を起点としてその後の酸化や腐食が進行し易くなり、よってはんだ合金の諸特性の経時変化が著しくなって、保管性に劣ることになると考えられる。逆に、はんだ表面の酸化がほとんど進行していなかったり不純物がほとんどない場合は、更なる酸化や腐食が比較的緩やかに進行するので優れた濡れ性や接合性を有するはんだ合金になると考えられる。   This is because if the surface of the solder alloy has already been oxidized at the initial stage of manufacture or if a large amount of impurities are attached to the surface, the subsequent oxidation or corrosion tends to proceed from that point, and therefore the solder alloy It is thought that the change over time of various characteristics becomes remarkable and the storage property is inferior. On the contrary, when the oxidation of the solder surface hardly progresses or there are almost no impurities, further oxidation and corrosion proceed relatively slowly, so that it is considered that the solder alloy has excellent wettability and bondability.

従って、分光色測計などのL*、a*、b*の測定が可能な装置を用いて、製造段階のSn系はんだ合金を定期的若しくはロット毎にサンプリングし、その表面のL*、a*、b*を測定し、それらの少なくとも1つが上記した範囲を外れていればそのサンプリングした試料の母集団となるはんだ合金については以降の製造を中断し、不純物の付着状況等についてより精密な検査を行うような簡易且つ迅速な選別工程を製造ラインに加えることができる。これにより、コストをあまりかけることなく高品質のはんだ合金製品を提供することができる。   Therefore, using an apparatus capable of measuring L *, a *, b * such as a spectrocolorimeter, Sn-based solder alloys in the production stage are sampled periodically or for each lot, and the surface L *, a * And b * are measured, and if at least one of them is out of the above range, the subsequent production of the solder alloy which is the population of the sampled sample is interrupted, and the adhesion situation of impurities is more precise. A simple and quick sorting process for performing an inspection can be added to the production line. Thereby, a high quality solder alloy product can be provided without much cost.

<Sn>
Snは本発明のSn系はんだ合金において主成分をなす元素である。Snは融点が231℃と比較的低温である上、柔らかい金属であるため、Snを主成分とし、はんだ合金の用途等に応じて適宜他の元素を含有させて合金化することによって、中温域用のはんだ合金に必要な種々の特性を備えたはんだ合金を得ることができる。本発明では、このように用途等に応じて適宜含有される下記の各種元素の含有量によってSnの含有量が定まる。
<Sn>
Sn is an element constituting the main component in the Sn-based solder alloy of the present invention. Since Sn has a relatively low melting point of 231 ° C. and is a soft metal, Sn is the main component, and it is alloyed by adding other elements as appropriate according to the use of the solder alloy, etc. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a solder alloy having various characteristics necessary for a solder alloy for use in a general purpose. In the present invention, the content of Sn is determined by the content of the following various elements that are appropriately contained depending on the application and the like.

<Ag>
Agは本発明のSn系はんだ合金の第1の実施形態であるSn−Ag−Cu系はんだ合金においては必須元素であり、本発明のSn系はんだ合金の第2の実施形態であるSn−Sb系はんだ合金においては必要に応じて含有される任意元素である。Sn−Ag状態図に示されるように、SnとAgはSn−3.5質量%Agでβ−Sn相とAgSnから成る共晶合金を生成する。このため、一般にSn−Ag系はんだ合金は共晶はんだとして使用される。その共晶点温度は221℃とSn単体より10℃程度下がり、はんだ合金として使い易くなる。さらにAgは酸化されにくくて反応性の高い金属であるため、はんだに含有させると濡れ性や接合性を向上させる。さらにはんだ中にAgSn金属化合物が分散していることにより高い信頼性が得られる。
<Ag>
Ag is an essential element in the Sn-Ag-Cu solder alloy which is the first embodiment of the Sn solder alloy of the present invention, and Sn-Sb which is the second embodiment of the Sn solder alloy of the present invention. In a solder alloy, it is an optional element contained as necessary. As shown in the Sn-Ag phase diagram, Sn and Ag are Sn-3.5% by mass Ag to form a eutectic alloy composed of a β-Sn phase and Ag 3 Sn. For this reason, Sn—Ag solder alloys are generally used as eutectic solder. The eutectic point temperature is 221 ° C., which is about 10 ° C. lower than that of Sn alone, making it easy to use as a solder alloy. Furthermore, since Ag is a metal that is not easily oxidized and has high reactivity, when it is contained in solder, wettability and bondability are improved. Furthermore, high reliability is obtained by the Ag 3 Sn metal compound being dispersed in the solder.

Cuが含有されたSn−Ag−Cu系合金においても上記の性質は基本的に維持される。但し、Sn−Ag−Cu系合金において上記した優れた特性を示すAgの含有量は0.1質量%以上6.5質量%以下である。Ag含有量が0.1質量%未満では含有量が少なすぎて実質的に含有させた効果が現れない。一方、Ag含有量が6.5質量%を超えると粗大なAgSnが生成してチップ傾きの原因になったり、はんだ合金が硬くて脆くなるので好ましくない。 In the Sn-Ag-Cu-based alloy containing Cu, the above properties are basically maintained. However, the content of Ag exhibiting the above-described excellent characteristics in the Sn—Ag—Cu alloy is 0.1% by mass or more and 6.5% by mass or less. If the Ag content is less than 0.1% by mass, the content is too small, and the effect of substantial inclusion does not appear. On the other hand, if the Ag content exceeds 6.5% by mass, coarse Ag 3 Sn is generated and causes chip tilt, and the solder alloy becomes hard and brittle, which is not preferable.

本発明の第2の実施形態のSn−Sb系はんだ合金においてAgを含有させる目的は、濡れ性の向上と信頼性の向上にある。すなわち、Agを含有させることで前述した酸化されにくくて反応性の高いAgの特徴を発揮させることができ、また、はんだ合金内で生成されるAgSnによりクラックの進展抑制効果が期待できる。Sn−Ag−Cu系はんだ合金とSn−Sb系はんだ合金の主な違いはその融点にあり、Sn−Sb系はんだ合金の方がSn−Ag−Cu系はんだ合金に比べて融点が10〜30℃程度高い。主なAgの効果については両合金とも似ているが、その含有量は異なる。すなわち、Sn−Sb系はんだ合金においてAgを含有する場合はその含有量は0.1質量%以上5.0質量%以下である。この範囲内であれば過剰な金属化合物の生成や固相線温度と液相線温度との差も許容範囲内になるので良好な接合ができ、よって高い信頼性を得ることができる。 The purpose of containing Ag in the Sn—Sb solder alloy of the second embodiment of the present invention is to improve wettability and reliability. That is, by containing Ag, the characteristics of Ag which is difficult to be oxidized and has high reactivity described above can be exhibited, and the effect of suppressing the progress of cracks can be expected by Ag 3 Sn generated in the solder alloy. The main difference between the Sn—Ag—Cu solder alloy and the Sn—Sb solder alloy is in its melting point, and the Sn—Sb solder alloy has a melting point of 10 to 30 compared to the Sn—Ag—Cu solder alloy. About ℃. The main Ag effect is similar to both alloys, but their contents are different. That is, when Ag is contained in the Sn—Sb solder alloy, the content thereof is 0.1 mass% or more and 5.0 mass% or less. Within this range, the formation of excess metal compound and the difference between the solidus temperature and the liquidus temperature are within the allowable range, so that good bonding can be achieved, and thus high reliability can be obtained.

<Cu>
Cuは本発明のSn系はんだ合金の第1の実施形態であるSn−Ag−Cu系はんだ合金においては必須元素である。Cuを含有させることによってCuSnなどの金属間化合物が生成され、機械的強度が向上するとともに接合信頼性が増す。但し、Cuの含有量が多すぎると金属間化合物が多くなりすぎ、はんだ合金が硬くて脆くなってしまう。よって、Cuの含有量は0.01質量%以上5.0質量%以下である。0.01質量%未満では含有量が少なすぎて実質的に含有させた効果が現れない。一方、5.0質量%を超えると既に述べたようにCuSn金属間化合物の量が多くなりすぎて硬くて脆くなったり、さらには接合時に十分に溶融しなかったり、金属間化合物が粗大化してチップ傾きやボイド発生の原因となったりしてしまう。Cu含有量が0.1質量%以上1.50質量%以下の範囲であれば、上記したCuの含有効果がより一層顕著に現われるので好ましい。
<Cu>
Cu is an essential element in the Sn—Ag—Cu solder alloy which is the first embodiment of the Sn solder alloy of the present invention. By containing Cu, an intermetallic compound such as Cu 6 Sn 5 is generated, and mechanical strength is improved and bonding reliability is increased. However, when there is too much content of Cu, an intermetallic compound will increase too much and a solder alloy will become hard and brittle. Therefore, the Cu content is 0.01% by mass or more and 5.0% by mass or less. If it is less than 0.01% by mass, the content is too small, and the effect of substantial inclusion does not appear. On the other hand, if it exceeds 5.0% by mass, the amount of the Cu 6 Sn 5 intermetallic compound becomes too large and hard and brittle as described above. It becomes coarse and causes tip tilt and voids. It is preferable if the Cu content is in the range of 0.1% by mass or more and 1.50% by mass or less because the above Cu content effect appears more remarkably.

<Ni、Ge>
Niは本発明のSn系はんだ合金の第1及び第2の実施形態であるSn−Ag−Cu系はんだ合金及びSn−Sb系はんだ合金のいずれにおいても必要に応じて含有される任意元素である。また、Geは前者のSn−Ag−Cu系はんだ合金において必要に応じて含有される任意元素である。Sn−Ag−Cu系はんだ合金においてNiやGeを含有させる効果はほぼ同様であり、両方を同時に含有させてもよい。
<Ni, Ge>
Ni is an optional element contained as necessary in both the Sn-Ag-Cu solder alloy and the Sn-Sb solder alloy which are the first and second embodiments of the Sn solder alloy of the present invention. . Further, Ge is an optional element contained as necessary in the former Sn—Ag—Cu based solder alloy. The effect of containing Ni or Ge in the Sn—Ag—Cu solder alloy is substantially the same, and both may be contained simultaneously.

NiやGeをSn−Ag−Cu系はんだ合金中に含有させることにより接合時のはんだ凝固時にそれが核となって結晶が微細化してクラックが進展しにくくなり、信頼性が向上する。さらにCu面との接合において接合界面のCuSnの成長を抑え、クリープ特性や疲労特性が向上する。このように優れた効果を付与できるNiやGeの含有量は、Niを含有する場合は0.01質量%以上2.00質量%以下、Geを含有する場合は0.01質量%以上2.00質量%以下である。この範囲内であれば、良好な接合が可能となるので好ましい。 By including Ni or Ge in the Sn—Ag—Cu based solder alloy, it becomes a nucleus at the time of solder solidification at the time of bonding, the crystal becomes finer, and cracks hardly progress, and the reliability is improved. Further, the growth of Cu 6 Sn 5 at the bonding interface is suppressed in the bonding with the Cu surface, and the creep characteristics and fatigue characteristics are improved. The content of Ni or Ge that can give such an excellent effect is 0.01 mass% or more and 2.00 mass% or less when Ni is contained, and 0.01 mass% or more and 2.0 when Ge is contained. It is 00 mass% or less. Within this range, it is preferable because good bonding can be achieved.

一方、Sn−Sb系はんだ合金は包晶合金であるが、Niの効果は上記したSn−Ag−Cu系はんだ合金の場合と似通っている。すなわち、Niを含有させることにより、Niが核となり結晶が微細化したりCu面との過剰な金属間化合物の生成を抑制したりして接合信頼性等を向上させる。Sn−Sb系はんだ合金にNiを含有させる場合は、その含有量は0.01質量%以上2.00質量%以下である。この範囲内であれば少なすぎことも多すぎることもなく良好な接合が可能となる。   On the other hand, the Sn—Sb solder alloy is a peritectic alloy, but the effect of Ni is similar to that of the Sn—Ag—Cu solder alloy described above. That is, by including Ni, Ni becomes a nucleus and the crystal is refined, or generation of excessive intermetallic compounds with the Cu surface is suppressed, thereby improving the bonding reliability and the like. When Ni is contained in the Sn—Sb solder alloy, the content is 0.01 mass% or more and 2.00 mass% or less. Within this range, good bonding is possible without being too little or too much.

<Sb>
Sbは本発明のSn系はんだ合金の第1の実施形態であるSn−Ag−Cu系はんだ合金では必要に応じて含有される任意元素であり、本発明のSn系はんだ合金の第2の実施形態であるSn−Sb系はんだ合金では必須元素である。Sn−Ag−Cu系はんだ合金においてSbを含有させる効果は主に信頼性の向上である。すなわち、Sbを含有させることによりはんだ合金の機械的特性が改善され、これにより接合信頼性等の改善が期待できる。Sn−Ag−Cu系はんだ合金にSbを含有させる場合は、その含有量は0.01質量%以上8.00質量%以下である。この範囲内であれば上記した効果が良好に奏される。
<Sb>
Sb is an optional element contained as necessary in the Sn-Ag-Cu solder alloy which is the first embodiment of the Sn solder alloy of the present invention, and the second embodiment of the Sn solder alloy of the present invention. It is an essential element in the Sn—Sb solder alloy in the form. The effect of containing Sb in the Sn—Ag—Cu based solder alloy is mainly an improvement in reliability. That is, by including Sb, the mechanical properties of the solder alloy are improved, and this can be expected to improve bonding reliability and the like. When Sb is contained in the Sn—Ag—Cu based solder alloy, the content is 0.01 mass% or more and 8.00 mass% or less. If it is in this range, the above-mentioned effect is exhibited satisfactorily.

一方、Sn−Sb系はんだ合金においてSbは主成分をなすため、その役割は、例えばSn−Ag−Cu系はんだ合金より融点を高くしたり、硬い包晶金属にすることなどを挙げることができる。このように、Sn−Sb系はんだ合金ではSbはSn−Ag−Cu系はんだ合金とは異なる役割を担っており、その含有量は0.01質量%以上20.00質量%以下である。このSb含有量が0.1質量%未満では含有量が少なすぎて実質的に効果が現れず、一方、20.0質量%を超えると含有量が多すぎて液相線温度が高くなりすぎたり金属間化合物の生成量が許容範囲を超えてしまったりして良好な接合ができなくなってしまう。Sb含有量が2.00質量%以上12.00質量%以下であれば含有させた効果が顕著に現れるので好ましい。   On the other hand, since Sb is a main component in the Sn—Sb solder alloy, its role can be exemplified by making the melting point higher than that of the Sn—Ag—Cu solder alloy or making it a hard peritectic metal. . Thus, in the Sn—Sb solder alloy, Sb plays a role different from that of the Sn—Ag—Cu solder alloy, and its content is 0.01 mass% or more and 20.00 mass% or less. If the Sb content is less than 0.1% by mass, the content is too small and substantially no effect appears. On the other hand, if it exceeds 20.0% by mass, the content is too high and the liquidus temperature becomes too high. Or the amount of intermetallic compound produced exceeds the allowable range, and good bonding cannot be performed. If the Sb content is 2.00% by mass or more and 12.00% by mass or less, the contained effect is remarkably exhibited, which is preferable.

<P>
Pは本発明のはんだ合金において濡れ性等の諸特性を向上させるために必要に応じて添加される任意元素である。Pが濡れ性を向上させるメカニズムは以下のとおりである。Pは還元性が強く、Sn、Ag、Cu、Ni、Ge、Sbなどよりも優先して自らが酸化するため、はんだ母相の酸化を防ぐ効果がある。また、半導体素子等の接合面を還元して濡れ性を確保する効果も有している。この接合の際にはんだ合金の表面や接合面の表面の酸化物層がなくなるため、酸化膜によって起こる接合不良が発生しにくくなり、その結果、接合性及び信頼性等が向上する。
<P>
P is an optional element added as necessary in order to improve various properties such as wettability in the solder alloy of the present invention. The mechanism by which P improves wettability is as follows. P is highly reducible and has the effect of preventing oxidation of the solder mother phase because it oxidizes itself in preference to Sn, Ag, Cu, Ni, Ge, Sb and the like. In addition, it has the effect of reducing the bonding surface of a semiconductor element or the like to ensure wettability. Since the surface of the solder alloy and the oxide layer on the surface of the bonding surface are eliminated during the bonding, bonding defects caused by the oxide film are less likely to occur, and as a result, the bonding property and reliability are improved.

Pの含有量が0.500質量%以下であれば、Pの含有量が多ければ多いほど上記の濡れ性向上の効果は大きくなる。従って、Pの含有量を制御することにより、濡れ性を任意に制御することが可能になる。一方、0.500質量%を超えて含有しても濡れ性向上の効果はあまり変わらず、過剰な含有によってかえってPやP酸化物の気体が多量に発生して接合に支障をきたす虞があることからPを含有する場合は0.500質量%以下が好ましい。なお、Pの含有量は、0.001質量%未満では含有量が少なすぎて実質的に含有させた効果が現れない虞があるので0.001質量%以上であるのが好ましい。   If the P content is 0.500% by mass or less, the higher the P content, the greater the effect of improving the wettability. Therefore, the wettability can be arbitrarily controlled by controlling the P content. On the other hand, even if the content exceeds 0.50% by mass, the effect of improving the wettability does not change so much, and excessive content may cause a large amount of P or P oxide gas to cause problems in joining. Therefore, when it contains P, 0.500 mass% or less is preferable. The P content is preferably 0.001% by mass or more because if the content is less than 0.001% by mass, the content may be too small and the effect of substantial inclusion may not appear.

原料として、それぞれ純度99.99質量%以上のSn、Ag、Cu、Ni、Ge、Sb及びPを準備した。大きな薄片やバルク状の原料については、溶解後の合金においてサンプリング場所による組成のバラツキがなく、均一になるように留意しながら、切断及び粉砕などにより3mm以下の大きさに細かくした。次に、これら原料から所定量を秤量して、高周波溶解炉用のグラファイト製坩堝に入れた。   As raw materials, Sn, Ag, Cu, Ni, Ge, Sb and P each having a purity of 99.99% by mass or more were prepared. Large flakes and bulk-shaped raw materials were reduced to a size of 3 mm or less by cutting and crushing while paying attention to ensure that the alloy after melting did not vary in composition depending on the sampling location. Next, a predetermined amount of these raw materials was weighed and put into a graphite crucible for a high-frequency melting furnace.

上記各原料の入った坩堝を高周波溶解炉に入れ、酸化を抑制するために窒素を原料1kg当たり0.7リットル/分以上の流量で流した。この状態で溶解炉の電源を入れ、原料を加熱溶融させた。原料が溶融しはじめたら混合棒でよく撹拌し、局所的な組成のばらつきが起きないように均一に混合した。十分溶融したことを確認した後、高周波電源を切り、速やかに坩堝を取り出し、坩堝内の溶湯をはんだ母合金の鋳型に流し込んだ。鋳型は、鋳造後に圧延、プレスを行うことを考慮し、幅45mm×厚さ5mm×長さ250mmものを用い、各試料の長さが150±5mmとなるように製造した。   The crucible containing the raw materials was placed in a high-frequency melting furnace, and nitrogen was flowed at a flow rate of 0.7 liter / min or more per kg of the raw materials in order to suppress oxidation. In this state, the melting furnace was turned on to heat and melt the raw material. When the raw material began to melt, it was thoroughly stirred with a mixing rod and mixed uniformly so as not to cause local compositional variations. After confirming sufficient melting, the high frequency power supply was turned off, the crucible was quickly taken out, and the molten metal in the crucible was poured into the mold of the solder mother alloy. In consideration of rolling and pressing after casting, a mold having a width of 45 mm, a thickness of 5 mm, and a length of 250 mm was used, and the length of each sample was 150 ± 5 mm.

このようにして、上記各原料の混合比率を種々に変えた試料1〜51のSn−Ag−Cu系はんだ合金、及び試料52〜87のSn−Sb系はんだ母合金を作製した。得られた試料1〜87の各はんだ母合金の組成をICP発光分光分析器(SHIMAZU S−8100)を用いて組成分析した。得られた組成分析結果を下記表1〜4に示す。   In this way, Sn—Ag—Cu solder alloys of Samples 1 to 51 and Sn—Sb solder mother alloys of Samples 52 to 87, in which the mixing ratios of the respective raw materials were variously changed, were produced. The composition of each solder mother alloy of the obtained samples 1 to 87 was subjected to composition analysis using an ICP emission spectroscopic analyzer (SHIMAZU S-8100). The obtained composition analysis results are shown in Tables 1 to 4 below.

Figure 2017113756
Figure 2017113756

Figure 2017113756
Figure 2017113756

Figure 2017113756
Figure 2017113756

Figure 2017113756
Figure 2017113756

次に、上記試料1〜51のSn−Ag−Cu系はんだ合金及び試料52〜87のSn−Sb系はんだ母合金の各々について、下記のごとく圧延機でシート状に加工し、さらにプレス機で打抜いて、直径3.0mmの円板形状(以下、Φ3mm品)と8.0mm×8.0mmの四角形状(以下、□8mm品)の2種類の打抜き品を製造した。そしてこれら打抜き品について分光色測計を用いてL*、a*、b*を測定した。さらにΦ3mm品を基板と接合して濡れ広がり性を評価した。さらに□8mm品を用いて、基板とチップの接合体を作り接合性、保管性、及び信頼性を評価した。以下、打抜き品の製造方法、そして各種評価方法について詳述する。   Next, each of the Sn-Ag-Cu solder alloys of Samples 1 to 51 and the Sn-Sb solder mother alloys of Samples 52 to 87 are processed into a sheet shape by a rolling mill as described below, and further, a press machine. Punching was performed to produce two types of punched products having a disc shape with a diameter of 3.0 mm (hereinafter referred to as Φ3 mm product) and a square shape with 8.0 mm × 8.0 mm (hereinafter referred to as □ 8 mm product). These punched products were measured for L *, a *, and b * using a spectrocolorimeter. Further, a Φ3 mm product was bonded to the substrate to evaluate the wetting and spreading property. Furthermore, using a □ 8 mm product, a bonded body of a substrate and a chip was made, and the bondability, storage property, and reliability were evaluated. Hereinafter, a manufacturing method of a punched product and various evaluation methods will be described in detail.

なお、表面状態を調整するため、50〜200℃の温度で大気、窒素、水素中での熱処理を行った。さらに比較例において故意に表面状態を悪くする必要がある試料についてはオイルに漬けた後、軽い洗浄を行い、故意にオイルがはんだ表面に残るように調整した。   In addition, in order to adjust a surface state, the heat processing in air | atmosphere, nitrogen, and hydrogen were performed at the temperature of 50-200 degreeC. Further, in the comparative example, a sample that needs to be intentionally deteriorated in surface condition was immersed in oil and then lightly washed to adjust the oil to intentionally remain on the solder surface.

<打抜き品の製造方法>
上記表1〜4に示す試料1〜87のはんだ母合金(厚さ5mmの板状インゴット)の各々を、圧延機を用いて厚さ50μmまで圧延した。圧延作業には関しては以下に注意を払い加工した。まず、試料がロールに貼り付かないように必要に応じて潤滑油を適量かけながら圧延した。このようにロールとシート及びシートとシートの間に油膜を作ることによって、ロールとシート又はシート同士が貼り付くことを抑えることができる。そして、試料の送り速度にも配慮が必要であり、送り速度が速すぎるとシート同士が貼り付きやすくなったり、張力がかかりすぎて切れてしまったりする。逆に送り速度が遅すぎると撓みが発生して巻きずれを起こしたり、均一な厚みのシートが得られなかったりする。
<Punched product manufacturing method>
Each of the solder mother alloys (plate-like ingots having a thickness of 5 mm) of Samples 1 to 87 shown in Tables 1 to 4 was rolled to a thickness of 50 μm using a rolling mill. Regarding the rolling operation, the following attention was paid to the processing. First, rolling was performed while applying an appropriate amount of lubricating oil as required so that the sample did not stick to the roll. Thus, by making an oil film between a roll and a sheet | seat and between a sheet | seat and a sheet | seat, it can suppress that a roll, a sheet | seat, or sheets adhere. Consideration is also required for the feed rate of the sample, and if the feed rate is too fast, the sheets are likely to stick to each other, or too much tension is applied and the sheets are cut off. On the other hand, if the feeding speed is too slow, bending may occur and winding may be lost, or a sheet having a uniform thickness may not be obtained.

得られた各シートはプレス機を用いて打抜き品に加工した。具体的にはシートをプレス機にセットして、その後、潤滑油を供給しながら打抜いていき、打抜き品を有機溶剤の入った容器に回収していった。形状は各試料について、Φ3mm品、□8mm品の2種類の形状に加工した。その後、打抜き品を有機溶剤によって洗浄し、真空乾燥機で真空引きしながら2時間乾燥し、評価用の試料を得た。そして、表面状態を調整するため必要に応じて50〜200℃の温度で大気、窒素、又は水素中で熱処理したり、オイルに漬けたりした後、軽い洗浄を行った。   Each obtained sheet was processed into a punched product using a press. Specifically, the sheet was set in a press machine and then punched while supplying lubricating oil, and the punched product was collected in a container containing an organic solvent. Each sample was processed into two types of shapes, Φ3 mm product and □ 8 mm product. Thereafter, the punched product was washed with an organic solvent, and dried for 2 hours while being evacuated with a vacuum dryer to obtain a sample for evaluation. And in order to adjust a surface state, it heat-processed in air | atmosphere, nitrogen, or hydrogen at the temperature of 50-200 degreeC as needed, or after having immersed in oil, the light washing was performed.

<L*、a*、b*の測定>
上記した試料1〜87について、L*、a*、b*を分光色測計(コニカミノルタオプティクス株式会社製、型式:CM−5)を用いて測定した。まず、標準光源によって装置の校正を行った。その後、試料を測定台に載せ、蓋を閉じて自動で測定を行った。測定は正反射光を除去した測定とした(本装置においてSCEモード、正反射光を除去する測定モード)。各試料の測定結果は上記表1〜4に示した。
<Measurement of L *, a *, b *>
About the above-mentioned samples 1-87, L *, a *, and b * were measured using the spectrocolorimeter (the Konica Minolta Optics make, model: CM-5). First, the apparatus was calibrated with a standard light source. Thereafter, the sample was placed on a measurement table, the lid was closed, and the measurement was performed automatically. The measurement was performed by removing regular reflection light (SCE mode in this apparatus, measurement mode for removing regular reflection light). The measurement results of each sample are shown in Tables 1 to 4 above.

<濡れ広がり性の評価(縦横比の測定)>
濡れ性試験機(装置名:雰囲気制御式濡れ性試験機)を起動し、加熱するヒーター部分に2重のカバーをしてヒーター部の周囲4箇所から窒素ガスを12L/分の流量で流した。その後、ヒーター設定温度を各試料の融点より50℃高い温度にして加熱した。ヒーター温度が設定値で安定した後、Niめっき(膜厚:3.0μm)したCu基板(板厚:0.3mm)をヒーター部にセッティングして25秒加熱し、次にΦ3mm品のはんだ合金試料をCu基板上に載せて25秒加熱した。この加熱が完了した後、Cu基板をヒーター部から取り上げ、その横の窒素雰囲気が保たれている場所に一旦設置して冷却し、十分に冷却した後大気中に取り出した。
<Evaluation of wettability (measurement of aspect ratio)>
A wettability tester (device name: atmosphere control type wettability tester) was started, a double cover was applied to the heater part to be heated, and nitrogen gas was allowed to flow from four locations around the heater part at a flow rate of 12 L / min. . Thereafter, the heater was set at a temperature higher by 50 ° C. than the melting point of each sample. After the heater temperature has stabilized at the set value, a Ni substrate (film thickness: 3.0 μm) Cu substrate (plate thickness: 0.3 mm) is set in the heater part and heated for 25 seconds, and then a Φ3 mm solder alloy The sample was placed on a Cu substrate and heated for 25 seconds. After this heating was completed, the Cu substrate was picked up from the heater part, once installed in a place where the nitrogen atmosphere next to it was maintained, cooled, and after sufficiently cooled, taken out into the atmosphere.

得られた図1に示すようなCu基板のNi層にはんだ合金が接合された接合体について、濡れ広がったはんだ合金の縦横比を求めた。具体的には、図2に示す最大のはんだ濡れ広がり長さを長径(X1)、最小のはんだ濡れ広がり長さ短径(X2)を測定し、下記計算式1により縦横比を算出した。計算式1の縦横比が1に近いほど基板上に真円状に濡れ広がっており、濡れ広がり性がよいと判断できる。逆に1よりも大きくなるに従い濡れ広がり形状が真円からずれていき、溶融はんだの移動距離にバラつきがでて反応が不均一になり、合金層の厚みや成分にバラつきが大きくなって均一で良好な接合ができなくなってしまう。さらにある方向に多くのはんだが流れるように広がってはんだ量が過剰な箇所とはんだが無い箇所ができ、接合不良や場合よっては接合できなかったりしてしまう。   About the joined body in which the solder alloy was joined to the Ni layer of the Cu substrate as shown in FIG. Specifically, the longest solder wetting spread length shown in FIG. 2 (X1) and the minimum solder wetting spread length short axis (X2) were measured, and the aspect ratio was calculated by the following formula 1. It can be determined that the closer the aspect ratio of Formula 1 is to 1, the more wetting and spreading on the substrate is, and the better the wetting and spreading property is. On the other hand, the wetting and spreading shape deviates from the perfect circle as it becomes larger than 1, the movement distance of the molten solder varies, the reaction becomes non-uniform, and the thickness and components of the alloy layer vary widely and are uniform. Good bonding will not be possible. Furthermore, it spreads so that a lot of solder flows in a certain direction, and a portion where the amount of solder is excessive and a portion where there is no solder are formed.

[計算式1]
縦横比=長径÷短径
[Calculation Formula 1]
Aspect ratio = major axis / minor axis

<接合性の評価(ボイド率の測定)>
接合性の評価には上記の□8mm品を用いて行った。まず、ダイボンダー(ウウェストボンド社製、MODEL:7327C)を起動し、加熱するヒーター部分にカバーをしてヒーター部の周囲から窒素を流した(窒素流量:合計8L/分)。その後、ヒーター設定温度を融点より50℃高い温度にして加熱した。ヒーター温度が設定値で安定した後、Niめっき(膜厚:3.0μm)したCu基板(板厚:0.3mm)をヒーター部にセッティングして25秒加熱した。次に、□8mm品のはんだ合金試料をCu基板の上に載せて25秒加熱し、その直後にSiチップを載せて3秒間スクラブした。スクラブが終了した後はCu基板をヒーター部から取り上げてその横の窒素雰囲気が保たれている場所に一旦設置して冷却した。十分に冷却した後、Siチップ接合体を大気中に取り出した(図3参照)。
<Evaluation of bondability (measurement of void fraction)>
For the evaluation of bondability, the above-mentioned □ 8 mm product was used. First, a die bonder (Model: 7327C, manufactured by Westwest Bond Co., Ltd.) was activated, and the heater part to be heated was covered and nitrogen was allowed to flow from around the heater part (nitrogen flow rate: 8 L / min in total). Thereafter, the heater was set to a temperature higher than the melting point by 50 ° C. and heated. After the heater temperature was stabilized at a set value, a Cu substrate (plate thickness: 0.3 mm) plated with Ni (film thickness: 3.0 μm) was set in the heater part and heated for 25 seconds. Next, a □ 8 mm solder alloy sample was placed on a Cu substrate and heated for 25 seconds. Immediately thereafter, a Si chip was placed and scrubbed for 3 seconds. After scrubbing was completed, the Cu substrate was picked up from the heater portion, and once installed in a place where the nitrogen atmosphere next to it was maintained, it was cooled. After sufficiently cooling, the Si chip joined body was taken out into the atmosphere (see FIG. 3).

濡れ性を確認するため、得られたSiチップ接合体のボイド率をX線透過装置(株式会社東芝製、TOSMICRON−6125)を用いて測定した。具体的にははんだ合金試料でSiチップとCu基板とが接合されたSiチップ接合体の接合面に向けてSiチップの真上から垂直にX線を透過し、以下の計算式2を用いてボイド率を算出した。   In order to confirm wettability, the void ratio of the obtained Si chip joined body was measured using an X-ray transmission device (TOSMICRON-6125, manufactured by Toshiba Corporation). Specifically, X-rays are transmitted vertically from directly above the Si chip toward the bonding surface of the Si chip bonded body in which the Si chip and the Cu substrate are bonded with the solder alloy sample, and the following calculation formula 2 is used. The void ratio was calculated.

[計算式2]
ボイド率=ボイド面積÷(ボイド面積+はんだとCu基板との接合面積)×100(%)
[Calculation Formula 2]
Void ratio = void area / (void area + joint area between solder and Cu substrate) × 100 (%)

<保管性の評価>
はんだ試料を長期間保管した場合、はんだ表面が腐食したり、酸化したりして表面状態が変わってしまうと濡れ性や接合性を低下させてしまい、良好な接合ができなくなってしまう。さらにはんだ表面が経時変化してしまうと接合状態にバラつきを生じてしまう。従って、はんだ表面が環境によって変化しないことは良好な接合を得るために重要なことである。この保管性を評価するため、恒温恒湿下での試験を行った。
<Evaluation of storage>
When the solder sample is stored for a long period of time, if the surface of the solder is corroded or oxidized and the surface state is changed, the wettability and the bondability are lowered, and good bonding cannot be performed. Furthermore, if the solder surface changes with time, the joining state will vary. Therefore, it is important to obtain a good joint that the solder surface does not change depending on the environment. In order to evaluate this storability, a test under constant temperature and humidity was performed.

具体的には各□8mm品を恒温恒湿槽(ヤマト科学株式会社製、型式:IW242)に入れ、85℃−85%RH−1000時間の試験を行った。試料1の恒温恒湿試験前の酸化膜厚の厚さを100として、各試料の恒温恒湿試験前後の酸化膜厚を相対評価した。酸化膜厚の定義ははんだ合金表面付近の最高酸化濃度を100%として、はんだ表面から深さ方向に酸素濃度を測定していったときに酸素濃度が50%まで減少したときのはんだ表面からの深さ(距離)とした。はんだ合金表面付近の酸化物層の厚さは電界放射型オージェ電子分光装置(ULVAC−PHI製、型式:SAM−4300)により行った。   Specifically, each □ 8 mm product was put into a constant temperature and humidity chamber (manufactured by Yamato Kagaku Co., Ltd., model: IW242), and a test at 85 ° C.-85% RH-1000 hours was performed. The thickness of the oxide film before the constant temperature and humidity test of Sample 1 was set to 100, and the oxide film thickness before and after the constant temperature and humidity test of each sample was relatively evaluated. The definition of the oxide film thickness is that the maximum oxidation concentration near the surface of the solder alloy is 100%, and when the oxygen concentration is measured in the depth direction from the solder surface, the oxygen concentration decreases from the solder surface to 50%. Depth (distance). The thickness of the oxide layer near the surface of the solder alloy was measured by a field emission Auger electron spectrometer (manufactured by ULVAC-PHI, model: SAM-4300).

<信頼性の評価(ヒートサイクル試験)>
はんだ接合の信頼性を評価するためにヒートサイクル試験を行った。この試験は、上記した接合性の評価においてはんだ合金がCu基板に接合できた試料(濡れ性の評価が○又は△の試料)を各々2個ずつ用いて行った。即ち、各試料のはんだ合金が接合されたCu基板2個のうちの1個に対しては、−40℃の冷却と+150℃の加熱を1サイクルとするヒートサイクル試験を途中確認のため500サイクルまで繰り返した。残る1個に対しては、同様のヒートサイクル試験を1000サイクルまで繰り返した。
<Reliability evaluation (heat cycle test)>
A heat cycle test was conducted to evaluate the reliability of solder joints. This test was performed using two samples each of which the solder alloy could be bonded to the Cu substrate in the above-described evaluation of the bondability (samples with a wettability evaluation of ◯ or Δ). That is, for one of the two Cu substrates to which the solder alloy of each sample is bonded, 500 cycles are used for confirmation in the middle of a heat cycle test in which cooling at −40 ° C. and heating at + 150 ° C. are performed as one cycle. Repeat until. For the remaining one, the same heat cycle test was repeated up to 1000 cycles.

その後、500サイクル及び1000サイクルのヒートサイクル試験を実施した各試料について、はんだ合金が接合されたCu基板を樹脂に埋め込み、断面研磨を行い、SEM(装置名:HITACHI S−4800)により接合面の観察を行った。この観察の結果、接合面に剥がれが生じるか又ははんだにクラックが入った場合を「×」、そのような不良がなく、初期状態と同様の接合面を保っていた場合を「○」とした。
得られた信頼性の評価結果を上記の濡れ広がり性等の評価結果と共に下記の表5〜8に示す。
Then, about each sample which performed the heat cycle test of 500 cycles and 1000 cycles, the Cu board | substrate with which the solder alloy was joined was embedded in resin, cross-section grinding | polishing was performed, and SEM (device name: HITACHI S-4800) performed the joining surface. Observations were made. As a result of this observation, the case where the joint surface peeled or the solder cracked was indicated as “X”, and the case where there was no such defect and the same joint surface as in the initial state was indicated as “◯”. .
The obtained evaluation results of reliability are shown in the following Tables 5 to 8 together with the evaluation results of the above-described wettability and the like.

Figure 2017113756
Figure 2017113756

Figure 2017113756
Figure 2017113756

Figure 2017113756
Figure 2017113756

Figure 2017113756
Figure 2017113756

上記表5〜8から分るように、本発明による試料1〜35及び52〜76の各Sn系はんだ合金の試料は、濡れ広がり性、接合性、保管性、及び信頼性の全ての評価項目において良好な特性を示している。即ち、濡れ広がり性の評価では、縦横比が1.04以下であり、接合性評価ではボイド率が0.2%以下であり、均一な濡れ広がり、非常に優れた接合性を示した。さらに保管性の評価では試験前後で酸化膜厚がほとんど変化なく、はんだ合金表面が変化しづらく非常に優れた保管性を示し、信頼性評価では1000サイクルまでに不良は一切発生しなかった。このように優れた結果が得られた理由は本発明のはんだ合金においてL*、a*、b*が適正な範囲内にあり、かつはんだ合金組成が適切な範囲にあるためだと考えられる。   As can be seen from Tables 5 to 8 above, the Sn-based solder alloy samples of Samples 1 to 35 and 52 to 76 according to the present invention are all evaluated for wet spreadability, bondability, storability, and reliability. Shows good characteristics. That is, in the evaluation of wetting and spreading property, the aspect ratio was 1.04 or less, and in the bonding property evaluation, the void ratio was 0.2% or less, showing uniform wetting and spreading and very good bonding properties. Furthermore, in the evaluation of storability, the oxide film thickness hardly changed before and after the test, and the surface of the solder alloy was hardly changed. The storability evaluation showed very good storability, and in the reliability evaluation, no defect occurred by 1000 cycles. The reason why such an excellent result was obtained is thought to be that L *, a *, b * are in an appropriate range and the solder alloy composition is in an appropriate range in the solder alloy of the present invention.

一方、比較例である試料36〜51及び77〜87の各はんだ合金は、L*、a*、b*が適切な範囲にないか、又は、Ag、Cu、Ni、Ge、Sb及びPのうちのいずれかの含有量が適切でなかったため、各種評価で好ましくない結果となった。すなわち、濡れ広がり性評価では全ての試料が1.2以上であり、接合性の評価ではボイド率が8%以上であり、保管性の評価では試験前の酸化膜が相対比較で試料1の3倍以上あり、さらに試験後で5倍以上に厚くなっている。そして、信頼性評価では500サイクルまでに不良が発生した。   On the other hand, each of the solder alloys of Samples 36 to 51 and 77 to 87, which are comparative examples, does not have L *, a *, b * in an appropriate range, or Ag, Cu, Ni, Ge, Sb, and P. Since any one of the contents was not appropriate, unfavorable results were obtained in various evaluations. That is, in the wettability evaluation, all the samples are 1.2 or more, in the bondability evaluation, the void ratio is 8% or more, and in the storability evaluation, the oxide film before the test is 3 in comparison with the sample 1. More than double, and more than 5 times thicker after the test. In the reliability evaluation, defects occurred up to 500 cycles.

1 Cu基板
2 Ni層
3 はんだ合金
4 Siチップ


1 Cu substrate 2 Ni layer 3 Solder alloy 4 Si chip


Claims (6)

表面の色をJIS Z8781−4のL*a*b*表示系で表したときにL*が29.0以上51.0以下、a*が−3.05以上−0.05以下、b*が−5.2以上0.8以下であり、Agを0.1質量%以上6.5質量%以下、Cuを0.01質量%以上5.0質量%以下含有し、残部が製造上、不可避的に含まれる元素を除きSnからなることを特徴とするSn−Ag−Cu系はんだ合金。   When the surface color is expressed in the L * a * b * display system of JIS Z8781-4, L * is 29.0 or more and 51.0 or less, a * is -3.05 or more and -0.05 or less, b * Is -5.2 or more and 0.8 or less, Ag is contained in an amount of 0.1% to 6.5% by mass, Cu is contained in an amount of 0.01% to 5.0% by mass, and the balance is manufactured. A Sn—Ag—Cu based solder alloy characterized by being composed of Sn except elements inevitably included. Ni、Ge、Sb及びPの内の1種以上を、Niの場合は0.01質量%以上2.00質量%以下、Geの場合は0.01質量%以上2.00質量%以下、Sbの場合は0.01質量%以上8.00質量%以下、Pの場合は0.500質量%以下さらに含有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のSn−Ag−Cu系はんだ合金。   One or more of Ni, Ge, Sb, and P are added in the case of Ni, 0.01 mass% to 2.00 mass%, and in the case of Ge, 0.01 mass% to 2.00 mass%, Sb 2. The Sn—Ag—Cu based solder alloy according to claim 1, further containing 0.01 mass% or more and 8.00 mass% or less in the case of P, and 0.500 mass% or less in the case of P. 3. 表面の色をJIS Z8781−4のL*a*b*表示系で表したときにL*が14.5以上38.5以下、a*が−2.45以上−0.85以下、b*が−14.6以上−0.6以下であり、Sbを0.01質量%以上20.00質量%以下含有し、残部が製造上、不可避的に含まれる元素を除きSnからなることを特徴とするSn−Sb系はんだ合金。   When the surface color is expressed in the L * a * b * display system of JIS Z8781-4, L * is 14.5 or more and 38.5 or less, a * is -2.45 or more and -0.85 or less, b * Is not less than -14.6 and not more than -0.6, contains Sb in an amount of not less than 0.01% by mass and not more than 20.00% by mass, and the balance is made of Sn except for elements inevitably included in production. Sn—Sb solder alloy. Ag、Ni及びPのいずれか1種以上を、Agの場合は0.1質量%以上5.0質量%以下、Niの場合は0.01質量%以上2.00質量%以下、Pの場合は0.500質量%以下さらに含有することを特徴とする、請求項3に記載のSn−Sb系はんだ合金。   Any one or more of Ag, Ni and P, 0.1% to 5.0% by mass in the case of Ag, 0.01% to 2.00% by mass in the case of Ni, P The Sn—Sb solder alloy according to claim 3, further containing 0.5 mass% or less. Agを0.1質量%以上6.5質量%以下、Cuを0.01質量%以上5.0質量%以下含有し、残部が製造上、不可避的に含まれる元素を除きSnからなるSn−Ag−Cu系はんだ合金の選別方法であって、はんだ合金の表面の色を測定してJIS Z8781−4のL*a*b*表示系で表したとき、L*が29.0以上51.0以下、a*が−3.05以上−0.05以下、及びb*が−5.2以上0.8以下のうちの少なくともいずれかを満たさない場合は取り除くことを特徴とするSn−Ag−Cu系はんだ合金の選別方法。   Sn—comprising Sn, except for elements containing 0.1% to 6.5% by weight of Ag and 0.01% to 5.0% by weight of Cu, with the balance being inevitably included in the production. This is a method for selecting an Ag-Cu solder alloy. When the color of the surface of the solder alloy is measured and expressed in the L * a * b * display system of JIS Z8781-4, L * is 29.0 or more and 51. Sn-Ag that is removed if it does not satisfy at least one of 0 or less, a * of −3.05 or more and −0.05 or less, and b * of −5.2 or more and 0.8 or less. -Selection method of Cu-based solder alloy. Sbを0.01質量%以上20.00質量%以下含有し、残部が製造上、不可避的に含まれる元素を除きSnからなるSn−Sb系はんだ合金の選別方法であって、はんだ合金の表面の色を測定してJIS Z8781−4のL*a*b*表示系で表したとき、L*が14.5以上38.5以下、a*が−2.45以上−0.85以下、及びb*が−14.6以上−0.6以下のうち少なくともいずれかを満たさない場合は取り除くことを特徴とするSn−Sb系はんだ合金の選別方法。


A method for selecting a Sn-Sb solder alloy containing Sn except for elements which are contained in an amount of 0.01 mass% or more and 20.00 mass% or less, and the remainder is inevitably contained in the production. When the color is measured and expressed in the L * a * b * display system of JIS Z8781-4, L * is 14.5 or more and 38.5 or less, a * is -2.45 or more and -0.85 or less, And b * is removed if it does not satisfy at least one of −14.6 or more and −0.6 or less.


JP2015248494A 2015-12-21 2015-12-21 A method for selecting a solder alloy containing Sn as a main component, which has excellent surface properties. Active JP6892568B2 (en)

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WO2024029258A1 (en) * 2022-08-01 2024-02-08 富士電機株式会社 Semiconductor module and method for manufacturing semiconductor module

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