JP2016075278A - 圧縮着火エンジンを動作させるための方法 - Google Patents
圧縮着火エンジンを動作させるための方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2016075278A JP2016075278A JP2015196661A JP2015196661A JP2016075278A JP 2016075278 A JP2016075278 A JP 2016075278A JP 2015196661 A JP2015196661 A JP 2015196661A JP 2015196661 A JP2015196661 A JP 2015196661A JP 2016075278 A JP2016075278 A JP 2016075278A
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- cylinder
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- combustion
- emissions
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 56
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 16
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 5
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F02B7/00—Engines characterised by the fuel-air charge being ignited by compression ignition of an additional fuel
- F02B7/06—Engines characterised by the fuel-air charge being ignited by compression ignition of an additional fuel the fuel in the charge being gaseous
- F02B7/08—Methods of operating
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- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
- F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
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- F02D13/0265—Negative valve overlap for temporarily storing residual gas in the cylinder
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Abstract
Description
第1の燃料は、天然ガスまたは、CO2およびCH4の量が80%超であるような、天然ガスとCO2との混合物とすることができる。
・噴射される第2の燃料の量ならびに/もしくはタイミング、および/または
・シリンダ給気の温度
を変化させ、排出物および/または機械的応力が、それぞれ所定の閾値未満に下がり、さまざまな周囲状況、例えば、エンジンが動作している周囲温度、湿度、標高で燃焼エンジンをより良好に動作させることを可能にすることが実現される。
・噴射される第2の燃料の量を減らす、および/または
・噴射タイミングを早める、および/または
・シリンダ給気の温度を下げる。
上記の処置を実行した後、ループは、NOx排出物と所定の閾値との比較に戻る。
・噴射される第2の燃料の量を増やす、および/または
・第2の燃料の噴射タイミングを遅らせる、および/または
・シリンダ給気の温度を上げる。
上記の処置を実行した後、ループは、HC排出物と所定の閾値との比較に戻る。
・噴射される第2の燃料の量を減らす、および/または
・シリンダ給気の温度を下げる。
上記の処置を実行した後、ループは、機械的応力に対する値と所定の閾値との比較に戻る。
Claims (19)
- 圧縮着火エンジンを動作させるための方法であって、前記エンジンは、少なくとも1つのシリンダと、前記少なくとも1つのシリンダ内で可動するピストンとを有し、前記方法は、
・第1の燃料と空気とを概ね均質に混ぜることによって可燃混合物を形成し、この混合物を前記少なくとも1つのシリンダに導入するステップと、
・圧縮行程において、前記可燃混合物を、前記ピストンで圧縮するステップと、
・前記第1の燃料に比べて容易に自動着火する第2の燃料を、前記圧縮行程中の燃焼開始前であって、シリンダ給気を生成する前に、前記第2の燃料の噴射時に前記可燃混合物に噴射するステップと、
・前記第2の燃料の濃度が最も高くなるおよび/または前記混合物の前記温度が最も高くなる、前記少なくとも1つのシリンダ内の位置で燃焼が始まるまで、前記圧縮行程を続けるステップとを備え、
前記燃焼に起因する前記少なくとも1つのシリンダの排出物および/または前記少なくとも1つのシリンダの機械的応力を監視し、排出物および/または機械的応力がそれぞれ所定の閾値を超える場合、前記少なくとも1つのシリンダに対して個別に、
・噴射される前記第2の燃料の量ならびに/もしくはタイミング、および/または
・前記シリンダ給気の温度
を変化させ、排出物および/または機械的応力を、各所定の閾値未満に下げることを特徴とする、方法。 - 前記第1の燃料は、天然ガスまたは、CO2およびCH4の量が80%超であるような、天然ガスとCO2との混合物である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の燃料は、セタン数が30から70の間、好ましくは、40から60の間である、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記燃焼に起因する前記少なくとも1つのシリンダの排出物および/または前記少なくとも1つのシリンダの機械的応力を監視するステップは、前記少なくとも1つのシリンダにおける前記燃焼事象にとって特有の信号を測定することによって実行される、請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つのシリンダにおける前記燃焼事象にとって特有の信号を測定する前記ステップが、前記燃焼事象の時間および/または前記燃焼事象の持続時間における特性位置を判断することを備える、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 噴射される前記第2の燃料の前記量を変える前記ステップは、前記機械的応力が非常に高い場合に前記第2の燃料の前記量を低減することを備える、請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記シリンダ給気の前記温度を変える前記ステップは、前記機械的応力が非常に高い場合、前記シリンダ給気の前記温度を下げることを備える、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記シリンダ給気の前記温度が、第1の燃料および空気の前記吸気温度を下げることによって下げられる、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つのシリンダの排出物を監視する前記ステップは、NOx排出物とHC排出物とを区別することを備える、請求項1から8のいずれかに記載の方法。
- NOx排出物が非常に高い場合、噴射される前記第2の燃料の前記量は減らされており、および/または前記第2の燃料の前記噴射タイミングは早められており、および/または前記シリンダ給気の前記温度は下げられている、請求項9に記載の方法。
- HC排出物が非常に高い場合、噴射される前記第2の燃料の前記量は増やされており、および/または前記第2の燃料の前記噴射タイミングは遅らせられており、および/または前記シリンダ給気の前記温度は上げられている、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記シリンダ内温度が、ガス交換処理の間に前記燃焼室内で保持される内部EGR率によって、または前記吸気系内を循環する外部EGR率によって、制御されることを特徴とする、請求項1から11のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記エンジンは、前記少なくとも1つのシリンダに対して、前記排気弁ならびに/もしくは吸気弁タイミングおよび/または弁リフト曲線を個別に変えることを可能にする可変動弁装置を備える、請求項1から12のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記シリンダ給気の前記温度を変える前記ステップは、前記可変動弁装置によってもたらされ、好ましくは、それぞれ、前記内部EGRが増加し、前記シリンダ給気の前記温度を上げるように前記排気弁を閉じることによって、または、前記内部EGRを下げて、前記シリンダ給気の温度を下げるように前記排気弁を閉じることによってもたらされる、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記シリンダ給気の前記温度を変える前記ステップは、前記ピストンの前記吸気行程においてすでに閉じられた排気弁を再び開くことによって、前記可変動弁装置によってもたらされ、それにより、前記シリンダ給気の前記温度が上昇する、請求項13または14に記載の方法。
- 前記シリンダ給気の前記温度を変える前記ステップは、前記ピストンの前記排気行程の間に閉じられた吸気弁を再び開くことによって、前記可変動弁装置によってもたらされ、それにより、前記シリンダ給気の前記温度が上昇する、請求項13から15のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記シリンダ給気の前記温度を変える前記ステップは、前記シリンダ給気の前記温度を上げるよう背圧を上げることか、または前記シリンダ給気の前記温度を下げるために前記背圧を下げることを備える、請求項1から16のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記シリンダ給気の前記温度を変える前記ステップは、前記吸気弁および前記排気弁が閉じている間、前記第2の燃料の追加噴射および前記ガス交換TDC(上死点)での燃焼により影響される、請求項1から17のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 圧縮着火エンジンであって、前記エンジンは、少なくとも1つのシリンダと、前記少なくとも1つのシリンダ内で可動するピストンと、前記第2の燃料を噴射するための噴射器とを有し、請求項1から18の少なくとも一項による方法に従って動作するよう構成される電子制御ユニットを有する、圧縮着火エンジン。
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KR20210016475A (ko) * | 2018-07-04 | 2021-02-15 | 바르실라 핀랜드 오이 | 4행정 내연 기관에서 부하를 증가시키는 방법 |
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KR20160041010A (ko) | 2016-04-15 |
EP3006707A1 (de) | 2016-04-13 |
AT516320B1 (de) | 2016-07-15 |
CN105545459A (zh) | 2016-05-04 |
US9810139B2 (en) | 2017-11-07 |
BR102015025312A2 (pt) | 2016-07-19 |
US20160097316A1 (en) | 2016-04-07 |
EP3006707B1 (de) | 2020-03-25 |
CN105545459B (zh) | 2019-10-11 |
AT516320A1 (de) | 2016-04-15 |
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