JP2013503457A - 再生可能エネルギーの統合フルスペクトル生産を通じた持続可能な経済開発のためのシステム及び方法 - Google Patents
再生可能エネルギーの統合フルスペクトル生産を通じた持続可能な経済開発のためのシステム及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/04—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using pressure differences or thermal differences occurring in nature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N5/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using heat
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
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- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2010年2月13日に出願されたFULL SPECTRUM ENERGY AND RESOURCE INDEPENDENCEと題する米国特許仮出願第61/304,403号、2010年2月17日に出願されたELECTROLYTIC CELL AND METHOD OF USE THEREOFと題する米国特許出願第12/707,651号、2010年2月17日に出願されたELECTROLYTIC CELL AND METHOD OF USE THEREOFと題するPCT出願番号PCT/US10/24497号、2010年2月17日に出願されたAPPARATUS AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING NUCLEATION DURING ELECTROLYSISと題する米国特許出願第12/707,653号、2010年2月17日に出願されたAPPARATUS AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING NUCLEATION DURING ELECTROLYSISと題するPCT出願番号PCT/US10/24498号、2010年2月17日に出願されたAPPARATUS AND METHOD FOR GAS CAPTURE DURING ELECTROLYSISと題する米国特許出願第12/707,656号、2010年2月17日に出願されたAPPARATUS AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING NUCLEATION DURING ELECTROLYSISと題するPCT出願番号PCT/US10/24499号、及び2009年8月27日に出願されたELECTROLYZER AND ENERGY INDEPENDENCE TECHNOLOGIESと題する米国特許仮出願第61/237,476号に基づく優先権及びその利益を主張するものである。これらの出願は、参照によりその全体が組み込まれる。
2C+1.5O2→CO+CO2 式1
CH4+H2O→CO+3H2 式2
M(混和剤);H(伝熱剤);F(燃料)
効率=1−(TL/TH)又は1−(311/422)=26% 式3
効率=1−(TL/TH)又は1−(283/422)=33% 式4
効率=1−(TL/TH)又は1−(311/1088)=71% 式5
効率=1−(TL/TH)又は1−(283/1088)=74% 式6
ΔH=ΔG+TΔS 式7
式5.2 285.83kJ/mol=237.13kJ/mol+48.7kJ/mol。
ΔG=−nFE0 式8
Ep=E0+RT/nF ln PH2(PO2)/PH2O 式9
Ep=E0+3RT/4F(ln Pi/Patm) 式10
3RT/4F ln Pi/Patm=3RT/4F ln680.3=3(8.3144J/molK)298K(6.522)/4(9.648×104)=0.125V 式5
285.83kJ/mol/0.1634kJ/mol=1,749K又は1,476℃(2,689°F)
CnHmOx+熱1→xCO+m/2H2+(n−x)C 式11
C6H10O5+熱2→5CO+5H2+C 式12
n(C6H10O5)+nH2O+熱3→n(C6H12O6) 式13
n(C6H12O6)→3n(CH4)+3nCO2+熱4 式14
CH4+熱5→C+2H2 式15
C6H10O5+熱6→CH3OH+4CO+3H2+C 式16
4CO+3H2→4CH3OH+H2+熱7 式17
2CO→C+CO2+熱8 式18
CO+H2O→CO2+H2+熱9 式19
CH4+熱→C+2H2 式20
CH4+C→C2H4 式21
nC2H4→(C2H4)n 式22
C6H12O6+(嫌気性酸生成菌、通性細菌)→CH3COOH 式1
CH3COOH+NH4HC6O3→CH3COONH4+H2O+CO2 式2
3CH3COONH4+3H2O(細菌)→3CH4+3NH4HCO3 式3
CH3COOH→CH3COO-+H+ 式4
2H++2e-→H2 式5
CH3COO-+2H2O→2CO2+7H++電子 式6
炭素+2H2O→CO2+4H++4電子 式8
CH3COOH+2H2O=2CO2+4H2 式9
1)高い圧力で生産される水素は、多段水素ガス圧縮機を作動するために資本費用、メンテナンス、又はエネルギー費を被ることなく、コンパクトな加圧された貯蔵部に送達することができる。
2)高い圧力で生産される水素は、市場に伝送するための加圧されたパイプラインに直接採り入れることができる。
3)高い圧力で生産される水素は、他の反応物を加圧して、反応できるようにする又は反応を加速するために用いることができる。例証すると、加圧された水素は、適切な反応器の中の窒素に加えて、アンモニア又は他の生成物を生じることができる。
4)電解槽の電極表面上での二酸化炭素の放出を防ぐ又は最小にするために加圧することは、電解槽の設計を大いに簡素化する。
5)加圧された電解槽又は適切なサブシステムからの高い圧力での水素の収集と別の場所での減圧後の又は別のサブシステムによる二酸化炭素の収集による水素と二酸化炭素の生産の分離
CxHy+熱axC+0.5yH2 式10
CO+熱aC+0.5O2 式11
Claims (43)
- 再生可能エネルギー源を用いてエネルギー供給を提供するための方法であって、 第1の再生可能エネルギー源であり、間欠的であるか又は十分な量のエネルギーを提供しない第1の再生可能エネルギー源を提供するステップと、
電気分解を通じてエネルギーキャリアを生産するために前記第1の再生可能エネルギー源から電解槽にエネルギーを提供するステップと、
燃料電池として用いるために前記電解槽を選択可能に逆転させるステップと、
前記エネルギーの生産のために前記電解槽に前記エネルギーキャリアを提供するステップと、を含む方法。 - 前記第1の再生可能エネルギー源が太陽エネルギーであり、燃料電池として用いるために前記電解槽を逆転させる前記ステップと、前記エネルギーの生産のために前記電解槽に前記エネルギーキャリアを提供する前記ステップが、前記第1の再生可能エネルギー源が十分に入手可能でないときに実施される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の再生可能エネルギー源が、太陽、風、流水、有機、又は地熱エネルギー源からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記エネルギーキャリアが水素を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記エネルギーキャリアが炭素ベースの材料を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記エネルギーキャリアが窒素ベースの材料を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記エネルギーキャリアがアンモニアを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記エネルギーキャリアが炭化水素を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の再生可能エネルギー源、前記電解槽、又は前記エネルギーキャリアが、第1の熱源から補足的な熱を受け取る、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の熱源が、地熱、太陽、又は他の熱機関からなる群から選択される、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の熱源が第2の再生可能エネルギー源を含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の再生可能エネルギー源が地層を含む、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記エネルギーキャリアを前記電解槽に提供する前に前記エネルギーキャリアを貯蔵するステップをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記エネルギーキャリアを貯蔵する前記ステップが、前記エネルギーキャリアを地層の中に貯蔵することを含む、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記エネルギーキャリアを地層の中に貯蔵する前記ステップが、前記エネルギーキャリアが前記地層から補足的な熱を受け取ることをさらに含む、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 膨張から仕事を取り込むように構成された膨張装置を提供するステップであり、前記膨張装置が前記電解槽又は前記エネルギーキャリア貯蔵に結合されるステップと、
圧力の下で前記膨張装置に前記エネルギーキャリアを提供するステップと、
前記エネルギーキャリアの膨張から仕事を取り込むステップと、
をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記エネルギーキャリア貯蔵部が、前記エネルギーキャリアの膨張から仕事を取り込む前に前記エネルギーキャリアに熱を伝達する、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記エネルギーキャリア貯蔵部が地層を含む、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記エネルギーキャリアのエネルギー価が前記エネルギーキャリア貯蔵中に増加する、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記地層から前記エネルギーキャリアに熱を加えることによって、前記エネルギーキャリアのエネルギー価が前記エネルギーキャリア貯蔵中に増加する、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記地層から噴出した前記エネルギーキャリアにエネルギー価を有する炭化水素又は他の化合物を加えることによって、前記エネルギーキャリアのエネルギー価が前記エネルギーキャリア貯蔵中に増加する、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記有機物質の電気分解のために前記電解槽に有機物質源を提供するステップをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記有機物質源がバイオマス又はバイオ廃棄物を含む、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 再生可能エネルギー資源を用いて実質的に連続したエネルギー供給を提供するためのシステムであって、
第1の再生可能エネルギー源と、
エネルギーキャリアを生産するために前記第1の再生可能エネルギー源に結合される電解槽であり、燃料として前記エネルギーキャリアを用いる燃料電池として作動を選択可能に逆転できるように構成される電解槽と、
前記電解槽から前記エネルギーキャリアを受け取る又は前記電解槽に前記エネルギーキャリアを提供するために前記電解槽に結合されるエネルギーキャリア貯蔵部と、
前記第1の再生可能エネルギー源及び前記電解槽からエネルギーを選択的に受け取るため及び前記第1の再生可能エネルギー源及び前記電解槽からエネルギーを選択的に提供するために前記第1の再生可能エネルギー源及び前記電解槽に結合されるエネルギー貯蔵部と、
を備えるシステム。 - 前記第1の再生可能エネルギー源が、太陽、風、流水、有機、及び地熱エネルギー源からなる群から選択される、請求項24に記載のシステム。
- 前記エネルギーキャリアが水素を含む、請求項24に記載のシステム。
- 前記エネルギーキャリアが炭素ベースの材料を含む、請求項24に記載のシステム。
- 前記エネルギーキャリアが炭化水素を含む、請求項24に記載のシステム。
- 前記エネルギーキャリアが窒素ベースの材料を含む、請求項24に記載のシステム。
- 前記エネルギーキャリアがアンモニアを含む、請求項24に記載のシステム。
- 前記第1の再生可能エネルギー源、前記電解槽、又は前記エネルギーキャリアのうちの少なくとも1つが、第1の熱源からの補足的な熱を受け取るように構成される、請求項24に記載のシステム。
- 前記第1の熱源が前記第1の再生可能エネルギー源又は前記電解槽を含む、請求項31に記載のシステム。
- 前記第1の熱源が、地熱、太陽、又は他の熱機関からなる群から選択される、請求項31に記載のシステム。
- 前記第1の熱源が地層を含む、請求項31に記載のシステム。
前記第1の熱源が第2の再生可能エネルギー源を含む、請求項31に記載のシステム。 - 前記エネルギーキャリア貯蔵が、前記エネルギーキャリアに熱を伝達するように構成される、請求項24に記載のシステム。
- 前記エネルギーキャリア貯蔵が、前記エネルギーキャリアのエネルギー価が前記エネルギーキャリア貯蔵中に増加するように構成される、請求項35に記載のシステム。
- 前記エネルギーキャリア貯蔵が、前記エネルギーキャリアの貯蔵中に前記エネルギーキャリアに熱を加えることによって前記エネルギーキャリアのエネルギー価が前記エネルギーキャリア貯蔵中に増加するように構成される、請求項36に記載のシステム。
- 前記エネルギーキャリア貯蔵が地層を含む、請求項37に記載のシステム。
- 前記エネルギーキャリアの膨張から仕事を取り込むように構成される膨張装置をさらに備え、前記膨張装置が前記電解槽又は前記エネルギーキャリア貯蔵に結合される、請求項24に記載のシステム。
- 前記エネルギーキャリアの膨張からエネルギーを生産するように構成された膨張装置をさらに備え、前記膨張装置が前記電解槽又は前記エネルギーキャリア貯蔵に結合される、請求項24に記載のシステム。
- 有機物質源をさらに備え、前記有機物質源が前記有機物質の電気分解のために前記電解槽に結合される、請求項24に記載のシステム。
- 前記有機物質源がバイオマス又はバイオ廃棄物を含む、請求項39に記載のシステム。
- 再生可能エネルギー資源を用いて実質的に連続したエネルギー供給を提供するためのシステムであって、
第1の再生可能エネルギー源と、
メタンを生産するために第1の再生可能エネルギー源に結合される電解槽であり、燃料電池として作動を選択可能に逆転できるように構成される電解槽と、
前記電解槽から前記メタンを受け取る又は前記電解槽に前記メタンを提供するために電解槽に結合されるメタン貯蔵部と、
前記第1の再生可能エネルギー源及び前記電解槽からエネルギーを選択的に受け取るため及び前記第1の再生可能エネルギー源及び前記電解槽からエネルギーを選択的に提供するために前記第1の再生可能エネルギー源及び前記電解槽に結合されるエネルギー貯蔵部と、
を備えるシステム。
Applications Claiming Priority (17)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US23747609P | 2009-08-27 | 2009-08-27 | |
US61/237,476 | 2009-08-27 | ||
US30440310P | 2010-02-13 | 2010-02-13 | |
US61/304,403 | 2010-02-13 | ||
US12/707,651 | 2010-02-17 | ||
USPCT/US2010/024497 | 2010-02-17 | ||
PCT/US2010/024499 WO2010096505A1 (en) | 2009-02-17 | 2010-02-17 | Apparatus and method for gas capture during electrolysis |
USPCT/US2010/024499 | 2010-02-17 | ||
US12/707,656 | 2010-02-17 | ||
PCT/US2010/024497 WO2010096503A1 (en) | 2009-02-17 | 2010-02-17 | Electrolytic cell and method of use thereof |
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PCT/US2010/024498 WO2010096504A1 (en) | 2009-02-17 | 2010-02-17 | Apparatus and method for controlling nucleation during electrolysis |
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US12/707,656 US8075749B2 (en) | 2009-02-17 | 2010-02-17 | Apparatus and method for gas capture during electrolysis |
US12/707,651 US8075748B2 (en) | 2009-02-17 | 2010-02-17 | Electrolytic cell and method of use thereof |
US12/707,653 US8172990B2 (en) | 2009-02-17 | 2010-02-17 | Apparatus and method for controlling nucleation during electrolysis |
PCT/US2010/045669 WO2012047188A1 (en) | 2009-08-27 | 2010-08-16 | Systems and methods for sustainable economic development through integrated full spectrum production of renewable energy |
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