JP2009543294A - 充電式リチウムイオン電池のためのリチウム貯蔵システム及び方法 - Google Patents
充電式リチウムイオン電池のためのリチウム貯蔵システム及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 174
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 169
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 229940006487 lithium cation Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 89
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 35
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 11
- -1 lithium cations Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006276 transfer reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011245 gel electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 208000020960 lithium transport Diseases 0.000 description 2
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005297 material degradation process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000867 polyelectrolyte Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006713 insertion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
【選択図】図5
Description
本出願は、2006年6月28日に出願された米国特許出願第11/477,404号の一部継続出願であり、当該特許出願の内容全体が、参照により本明細書において特に援用される。
Li++e−+N→LiN
ここで、LiP及びLiNはそれぞれ、リチウムを挿入される正の電極材料及び負の電極材料である。放電中には、これらの反応は逆方向に進行する。
Claims (20)
- リチウムイオン電池セルであって、
それぞれ活物質と、不活性物質と、電解質と、集電体とを含む、少なくとも2つの作用電極と、
前記作用電極がいずれも該セル内で電気的に接続されないように、前記少なくとも2つの作用電極を分離するために、該少なくとも2つの作用電極間に配置される第1のセパレータ領域と、
補助電極と、
前記作用電極がいずれも該セル内で前記補助電極に電気的に接続されないように、該補助電極を前記作用電極から分離するために、該補助電極と前記少なくとも2つの作用電極との間に配置される第2のセパレータ領域と、
を備える、リチウムイオン電池セル。 - 前記少なくとも2つの作用電極は、負の電極と正の電極とを含む、請求項1に記載のリチウムイオン電池セル。
- 前記第1のセパレータ領域は、リチウム陽イオンを有する電解質を含む、請求項1に記載のリチウムイオン電池セル。
- 前記第2のセパレータ領域は、リチウム陽イオンを有する電解質を含む、請求項1に記載のリチウムイオン電池セル。
- 前記補助電極は、開路電位を評価するための基準電極として構成される、請求項1に記載のリチウムイオン電池セル。
- 前記少なくとも2つの作用電極を充電するように、前記作用電極のそれぞれの前記集電体に接続される電源と、
前記電源を前記作用電極のぞれぞれの前記集電体に接続するための第1の電子回路と、
前記作用電極のうちの少なくとも一方の作用電極の前記集電体を前記補助電極に接続するための第2の電子回路と、
をさらに備える、請求項1に記載のリチウムイオン電池セル。 - 前記第2の電子回路は、前記集電体及び前記補助電極に直列に接続される可変負荷抵抗器並びにスイッチを含む、請求項6に記載のリチウムイオン電池セル。
- 前記リチウムイオン電池セルは、前記可変負荷抵抗器及び前記スイッチを制御するための電池管理システムをさらに備える、請求項7に記載のリチウムイオン電池セル。
- 前記電池管理システムは、開路電位に基づいて充電状態を判断するように構成される、請求項8に記載のリチウムイオン電池セル。
- 前記電池管理システムは、前記第2の電子回路を開く時点、及び前記補助電極からのリチウムの移送又は該補助電極へのリチウムの移送のいずれか一方の移送速度を判断する、請求項8に記載のリチウムイオン電池セル。
- 前記第2の電子回路は、前記補助電極と前記少なくとも1つの作用電極の前記集電体との間に電圧を印加する前記電源への接続を含み、
前記電池管理システムは、前記補助電極と前記少なくとも1つの作用電極との間のリチウムの移送方向を判断及び制御するように構成される、請求項10に記載のリチウムイオン電池セル。 - 前記電池管理システムは、電流が流れる方向を制御することによって、前記リチウムの移送方向を制御するように構成される、請求項11に記載のリチウムイオン電池セル。
- 前記作用電極のうちの一方から活物質が損失された後に、前記少なくとも1つの作用電極から前記補助電極にリチウムが移送される、請求項12に記載のリチウムイオン電池。
- 電池セルの作用電極において、リチウムの供給が減少する場合に補充するか、又はリチウムの供給が過剰である場合に除去する方法であって、該方法は、
各前記作用電極の充電状態を判断すること、及び
前記判断された充電状態に基づいて、補助電極と前記作用電極のうちの少なくとも一方の作用電極との間でリチウムを移送すること、
を含み、前記電池セルは、
それぞれ活物質と、不活性物質と、電解質と、集電体とを含む少なくとも2つの作用電極と、
前記作用電極がいずれも前記セル内で電気的に接続されないように、前記少なくとも2つの作用電極を分離するために、該少なくとも2つの作用電極間に配置される第1のセパレータ領域と、
補助電極と、
前記作用電極がいずれも前記セル内で前記補助電極に電気的に接続されないように、該補助電極を前記作用電極から分離するために、該補助電極と前記少なくとも2つの作用電極との間に配置される第2のセパレータ領域とを備える、方法。 - 前記リチウムの移送は、前記作用電極のうちの少なくとも一方の作用電極の活物質の損失に対応する、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記各作用電極の前記充電状態は、該各作用電極の開路電位に基づいて判断される、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記各作用電極の前記開路電位は、開路時の前記作用電極の平衡状態中に、前記補助電極を基準電極として用いて直接測定される、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記補助電極を基準電極として用いて、前記各作用電極の前記開路電位が推定される、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記各作用電極の前記充電状態は、電池モデル、並びにフルセル電位及び電流の測定値を用いて判断される、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの作用電極を前記補助電極に接続する電子回路を閉じること、及び
前記回路に電圧を印加することであって、電子が前記少なくとも1つの作用電極から前記補助電極まで流れ、同時にリチウムイオンが前記第2のセパレータを通じて、前記少なくとも1つの作用電極から前記補助電極まで流れるような極性を有する電流を与える、印加すること、
をさらに含む、請求項14に記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/477,404 US7726975B2 (en) | 2006-06-28 | 2006-06-28 | Lithium reservoir system and method for rechargeable lithium ion batteries |
US11/477,404 | 2006-06-28 | ||
US11/767,817 | 2007-06-25 | ||
US11/767,817 US7846571B2 (en) | 2006-06-28 | 2007-06-25 | Lithium reservoir system and method for rechargeable lithium ion batteries |
PCT/US2007/014964 WO2008002626A2 (en) | 2006-06-28 | 2007-06-27 | Lithium reservoir system and method for rechargeable lithium ion batteries |
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JP2009543294A true JP2009543294A (ja) | 2009-12-03 |
JP5710122B2 JP5710122B2 (ja) | 2015-04-30 |
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US20150004444A1 (en) | 2015-01-01 |
WO2008002626A2 (en) | 2008-01-03 |
KR101263063B1 (ko) | 2013-05-09 |
KR20120034733A (ko) | 2012-04-12 |
KR101361419B1 (ko) | 2014-02-11 |
US8859120B2 (en) | 2014-10-14 |
EP2041828B1 (en) | 2021-03-24 |
US7846571B2 (en) | 2010-12-07 |
EP2041828A2 (en) | 2009-04-01 |
KR20090029739A (ko) | 2009-03-23 |
EP2041828A4 (en) | 2010-09-01 |
WO2008002626A3 (en) | 2008-04-03 |
US20110081563A1 (en) | 2011-04-07 |
US9774059B2 (en) | 2017-09-26 |
US20080050644A1 (en) | 2008-02-28 |
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KR20130025948A (ko) | 2013-03-12 |
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