JP2009150290A - エンジンの排気浄化装置 - Google Patents
エンジンの排気浄化装置 Download PDFInfo
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- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
- F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
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- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
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Abstract
【解決手段】SCR触媒が温度低下したとき、触媒温度Tcatを反映した推定NOx浄化率ηとエンジンの運転状態から求めた目標NOx浄化率θtgtとから浄化率偏差比Rを算出し、吸気O2濃度から求めたNOx低減係数Kに浄化率偏差比Rを乗算することにより、温度低下によるNOx浄化率の低下を補償可能な目標NOx低減係数Ktgtを算出し、この目標NOx低減係数Ktgtと対応する吸気O2濃度に基づきEGR制御を実行する。
【選択図】図2
Description
本発明はこのような問題点を解決するためになされたもので、その目的とするところは、装置の複雑化による製造コストの高騰に未然に防止した上で、低温域でも十分なNOx浄化性能を実現することができるエンジンの排気浄化装置を提供することにある。
従って、NOx触媒の劣化状態を反映した推定NOx浄化率に基づきNOx低減係数が補正され、そのNOx低減係数に対応する目標酸素濃度に基づきEGR手段が駆動制御されるため、NOx触媒が劣化した状態においても、適切なEGR制御によりNOx触媒のNOx浄化率の低下が補償される。
従って、NOx触媒のNOx浄化率の低下に応じてEGR量を増加させたときには、筒内の空気過剰率が過剰に低下してスモーク増加の要因となる可能性があるが、スモークを抑制可能なようにEGRガス量の上限が制限されることにより、本制御の実行によるスモーク増加が未然に防止される。
請求項4の発明のエンジンの排気浄化装置によれば、請求項1または2に加えて、EGRガス量の上限を制限することにより、筒内の空気過剰率の過剰な低下によるスモーク増加を未然に防止することができる。
図1は本実施形態のエンジンの排気浄化装置を示す全体構成図であり、エンジン1は直列6気筒ディーゼル機関として構成されている。エンジン1の各気筒には燃料噴射弁2が設けられ、各燃料噴射弁2は共通のコモンレール3から加圧燃料を供給され、機関の運転状態に応じたタイミングで開弁して各気筒の筒内に燃料を噴射する。
一方、車室内には、図示しない入出力装置、制御プログラムや制御マップ等の記憶に供される記憶装置(ROM,RAM等)、中央処理装置(CPU)、タイマカウンタ等を備えたECU(電子制御ユニット)51が設置されている。ECU51の入力側には、上記温度センサ39、エンジン回転速度Neを検出する回転速度センサ52、吸気マニホールド4に配設されて各気筒の筒内に供給される吸気O2濃度を検出する吸気O2センサ53(酸素濃度検出手段)、SCR触媒40の温度Tcatを検出する触媒温度センサ54、アクセル操作量Accを検出するアクセルセンサ55、SCR触媒40の下流側におけるNOx排出量を検出するNOxセンサ56等の各種センサ類が接続されている。また、ECU51の出力側には、上記吸気絞り弁9、排気絞り弁12、EGR弁18の各アクチュエータ9a,12a,18a、燃料噴射弁2、噴射ノズル38等の各種デバイス類が接続されている。
NOx浄化率補完制御を実行するための構成として、ECU51は目標O2濃度算出部61とEGR・吸気絞り制御部62とを備えている。目標O2濃度算出部61は、SCR触媒40のNOx浄化率の低下を補うために必要なEGR量と相関する吸気O2濃度の目標値を算出する機能を果たす。また、EGR・吸気絞り制御部62は、吸気絞り弁9及びEGR弁18の各アクチュエータ9a,18aを駆動制御して、実際の吸気O2濃度を目標吸気O2濃度に調整する機能を果たし、上記EGRの実行域と非実行域に基づくEGR制御もEGR・吸気絞り制御部62によって行われる。
一方、推定浄化率算出部74では、SCR温度Tcat及びSV比に基づき所定のマップからSCR触媒40の推定NOx浄化率ηが算出される(NOx浄化率推定手段)。SCR温度Tcat及びSV比は、共にSCR触媒40のNOx浄化率に影響を及ぼす要件であり、SCR温度Tcatが低いほどSCR触媒40のNOx浄化率は低下する。また、SV比とはエンジン1の排気流量とSCR触媒40の容量との比であり、触媒容量に対して排気流量が多いほど単位容量当たりで処理する排ガス量が増加することから、NOx浄化率は低下する。触媒容量は予め判明しているが、排気流量はエンジン1の運転状態に応じて変化することから、例えばエアフローセンサ等により求められた新気量と燃料噴射量を加算して排気流量を算出し、この排気流量と触媒容量とからSV比が求められる。
推定NOx排出量は、NOxセンサ56により検出された実NOx排出量と共に劣化係数算出部76に入力され、劣化係数算出部76では、これらのNOx排出量に基づきSCR触媒40の劣化係数Kcatが算出される。上記一連の算出処理では劣化無しのSCR触媒40を前提として推定NOx排出量が算出され、NOxセンサ56では現在のSCR触媒40の劣化状態を反映したより高い値として実NOx排出量が検出される。よって、劣化係数算出部76では、双方の値の変化をある程度の期間に亘って比較することにより、現在のSCR触媒40の劣化状態を反映した指標として劣化係数Kcatが導き出される。SCR触媒40の劣化していないときの劣化係数Kcatは1.0に設定され、劣化状態の進行に応じて減少設定される。
一方、目標浄化率算出部78では、エンジン回転速度Ne及び燃料噴射量Qに基づき所定のマップからSCR触媒40の目標NOx浄化率ηtgtが算出される(目標NOx浄化率算出手段)。目標NOx浄化率ηtgtは、エンジン1の運転領域毎の最適なSCR触媒40の浄化率であり、例えばNOxとは逆の排出特性でトレードオフの関係にあるスモークの排出量等の各要件を考慮した上で、各運転領域で最も適したNOx浄化率の目標値として算出される。
ところで、SCR触媒40の温度低下等によるNOx浄化率の低下分を全てEGR量に転化した場合、運転領域によってはEGR量の過剰な増加によりスモーク増大を引き起こす可能性もある。そこで、例えばエンジン1の運転領域毎に吸気O2濃度の下限値を設定し、その下限値に基づいてEGRガス量の上限を制限するようにしてもよい。また、吸気O2濃度の制限は、ひいてはエンジン1の空気過剰率の制限に繋がることから、運転状態に対応して設定される目標空気過剰率に基づきEGR制御を実行する形式のエンジンでは、目標空気過剰率に下限値を設定してもよい。これらの制御によれば、上記実施形態の作用効果に加えて、EGRガス量の上限を制限することで、筒内の空気過剰率の過剰な低下によるスモーク増加を未然に防止できるという効果を得ることができる。
17 EGR通路(EGR手段)
18 EGR弁(EGR手段)
40 SCR触媒(NOx触媒)
53 吸気O2センサ(酸素濃度検出手段)
62 EGR・吸気絞り制御部(制御手段)
72 NOx低減係数算出部(NOx低減係数算出手段)
74 推定浄化率算出部(NOx浄化率推定手段)
78 目標浄化率算出部(目標NOx浄化率算出手段)
81 目標吸気O2濃度算出部(目標酸素濃度算出手段)
Claims (4)
- エンジンの排気通路に配設され、アンモニアを還元剤として排ガスに含まれるNOxを選択還元する選択還元型NOx触媒と、
上記エンジンから排出される排ガスを該エンジンの吸気側に環流するEGR手段と、
上記NOx触媒のNOx浄化率を推定するNOx浄化率推定手段と、
上記エンジンの運転状態に基づき目標NOx浄化率を算出する目標NOx浄化率算出手段と、
上記目標NOx浄化率に対する上記推定NOx浄化率の低下分を補償すべく上記EGR手段を駆動制御する制御手段と
を備えたことを特徴とするエンジンの排気浄化装置。 - エンジンの排気通路に配設され、アンモニアを還元剤として排ガスに含まれるNOxを選択還元する選択還元型NOx触媒と、
上記エンジンから排出される排ガスを該エンジンの吸気側にEGRガスとして環流するEGR手段と、
上記NOx触媒のNOx浄化率を推定するNOx浄化率推定手段と、
上記エンジンの運転状態に基づき目標NOx浄化率を算出する目標NOx浄化率算出手段と、
上記エンジンの筒内に供給される吸入ガスの酸素濃度を検出する酸素濃度検出手段と、
上記吸入ガスの酸素濃度に対する上記エンジンの筒内でのNOx排出率の特性に基づき、上記酸素濃度検出手段により検出された酸素濃度における上記NOx排出率の低減係数を算出するNOx低減係数算出手段と、
上記推定NOx浄化率と上記目標NOx浄化率との比に基づき上記NOx低減係数を補正し、上記酸素濃度に対するNOx排出率の特性に基づき、上記補正後のNOx低減係数に対応する酸素濃度を目標値として算出する目標酸素濃度算出手段と、
上記目標酸素濃度算出手段により算出された目標酸素濃度に基づき上記EGR手段を駆動制御する制御手段と
を備えたことを特徴とするエンジンの排気浄化装置。 - 上記NOx触媒の劣化状態を判定する劣化判定手段を備え、
上記目標酸素濃度算出手段は、上記NOx浄化率推定手段により推定されたNOx浄化率を上記劣化判定手段により判定されたNOx触媒の劣化状態に基づき補正し、補正後の推定NOx浄化率を上記NOx低減係数の補正処理に適用することを特徴とする請求項1または2記載のエンジンの排気浄化装置。 - 上記制御手段は、スモークを抑制可能な空気過剰率となるように上記EGR手段により環流されるEGRガス量の上限を制限することを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載のエンジンの排気浄化装置。
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