JP2009090340A - Spot welding electrode of ferrous material, and its manufacturing method - Google Patents

Spot welding electrode of ferrous material, and its manufacturing method Download PDF

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JP2009090340A
JP2009090340A JP2007263903A JP2007263903A JP2009090340A JP 2009090340 A JP2009090340 A JP 2009090340A JP 2007263903 A JP2007263903 A JP 2007263903A JP 2007263903 A JP2007263903 A JP 2007263903A JP 2009090340 A JP2009090340 A JP 2009090340A
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spot welding
electrode
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welding electrode
manufacturing
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Takeo Fukizawa
武夫 蕗澤
Hideo Morimoto
日出夫 森本
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Shinkokiki Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a spot welding electrode capable of increasing the hardness and suppressing deposition of oxides on its surface without degrading the electric conductivity, and its manufacturing method. <P>SOLUTION: The spot welding electrode contains, by mass, 0.05-0.6% Ag and 0.005-0.1% O, and the balance Cu with inevitable impurities. Preferably, the electric conductivity (IACS) is ≥95% and the hardness is ≥65 HV. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

鉄系材料のスポット溶接用電極及びその製造方法に関するものである。   The present invention relates to an electrode for spot welding of iron-based material and a manufacturing method thereof.

従来から、非特許文献１に示されるように、鉄系金属材料の溶接手段のひとつとして、鉄系金属材料を圧着しつつ電流を流し、その抵抗熱で鉄系金属材料を溶かして接合するスポット溶接が、自動車のホワイトボデー等の溶接ライン等に広く使用されている。   Conventionally, as shown in Non-Patent Document 1, as one of means for welding iron-based metal materials, a current is applied while crimping the iron-based metal material, and a spot for melting and joining the iron-based metal material with its resistance heat Welding is widely used for welding lines such as automobile white bodies.

自動車のホワイトボデー等の溶接ラインで使用されるスポット溶接用電極は、時間当たりに多数のスポット溶接を行うため、また、溶接熱で電極材料が軟化するため変形し易くなっている。スポット溶接用電極が変形すると、溶接品質の確保が難しくなる。そこで、一定の処理時間あるいは一定の溶接打点数を超えると、電極チップを取り外して新品あるいは研磨処理したものと交換して、電極チップの先端形状を確保していた。   An electrode for spot welding used in a welding line such as an automobile white body is easily deformed because a large number of spot weldings are performed per hour and the electrode material is softened by welding heat. When the spot welding electrode is deformed, it becomes difficult to ensure the welding quality. Therefore, when a certain processing time or a certain number of welding points is exceeded, the tip of the electrode tip is secured by removing the electrode tip and replacing it with a new one or a polished one.

しかしながら、電極チップを取り外すには、溶接ラインを停止する必要があり、生産性が低下してしまう。そこで、従来では熱や加圧力による変形を防止するため、銅に少量のクロムやジリコニウム等の添加金属を添加した銅合金に、溶体化処理及び析出硬化処理からなる熱処理を行い、軟化温度や硬度を上げていた。しかしながら、クロムやジリコニウム等の添加金属は、いずれも銅より電気伝導率に劣り、電気伝導率の低下は避けられなかった。また、前記熱処理を行って、硬度を上げるにつれて、電気伝導率が低下してしまうという問題があった。例えば、溶体化処理及び析出硬化処理を行ったクロム銅は、軟化温度を５００℃に高めることが出来る一方で、電気伝導率は約７５％（ＩＡＣＳ）に低下してしまう。   However, in order to remove the electrode tip, it is necessary to stop the welding line, and productivity is lowered. Therefore, conventionally, in order to prevent deformation due to heat and pressure, a copper alloy with a small amount of an additive metal such as chromium or zirconium was subjected to a heat treatment consisting of a solution treatment and a precipitation hardening treatment, and the softening temperature and hardness Was raised. However, additive metals such as chromium and zirconium were all inferior to copper in electrical conductivity, and a decrease in electrical conductivity was inevitable. In addition, there is a problem that the electrical conductivity decreases as the heat treatment is performed to increase the hardness. For example, chromium copper subjected to solution treatment and precipitation hardening treatment can increase the softening temperature to 500 ° C., while the electrical conductivity is reduced to about 75% (IACS).

一方で、自動車のホワイトボデーは、耐腐食性を要するため、鋼板の表面に亜鉛やアルミニウム等のメッキ層を形成した亜鉛メッキ鋼板やアルミメッキ鋼板等が使用されている。亜鉛やアルミニウムは鋼板よりも融点が低いことから、鋼板が溶解する前に、亜鉛やアルミニウムメッキ層が溶解し、電極の表面に付着してしまう。   On the other hand, since white bodies of automobiles require corrosion resistance, galvanized steel sheets, aluminized steel sheets and the like in which a plated layer such as zinc or aluminum is formed on the surface of the steel sheet are used. Since zinc and aluminum have a melting point lower than that of the steel sheet, the zinc or aluminum plating layer dissolves and adheres to the surface of the electrode before the steel sheet dissolves.

前述したように、添加金属を銅に添加して、溶体化処理及び析出硬化処理を行った電極の電気伝導率は低いうえに、電極の表面に亜鉛やアルミニウム等の溶融金属が付着すると、溶接電流の流れを弱め、溶接不良が発生してしまう。
株式会社中央製作所 電気抵抗スポット溶接機カタログ As described above, when the additive metal is added to copper, the electrical conductivity of the electrode subjected to solution treatment and precipitation hardening treatment is low, and when a molten metal such as zinc or aluminum adheres to the surface of the electrode, welding is performed. The current flow is weakened and poor welding occurs.
Chuo Seisakusho Co., Ltd. Electric resistance spot welder catalog

本発明は、軟化温度及び硬度を上げると電気伝導率が低下するという問題及び表面に酸化物が付着するという問題を解決し、電気伝導率を低下させること無く、硬度を上げ、表面に酸化物の付着を抑制することを可能とするスポット溶接用電極及びその製造方法を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention solves the problem that the electrical conductivity decreases when the softening temperature and the hardness are increased and the problem that the oxide adheres to the surface. The hardness is increased without decreasing the electrical conductivity, and the oxide on the surface. An object of the present invention is to provide a spot welding electrode and a method for manufacturing the same, which can suppress adhesion of the metal.

上記課題を解決するためになされた本発明は、０．０５〜０．６質量％のＡｇ及び０．００５〜０．１質量％のＯを含み、残部がＣｕ及び不可避的不純物から構成されることを特徴とする。   The present invention made to solve the above problems includes 0.05 to 0.6% by mass of Ag and 0.005 to 0.1% by mass of O, with the balance being composed of Cu and inevitable impurities. It is characterized by that.

なお、電気伝導率（ＩＡＣＳ）９５％以上、硬度６５ＨＶ以上であることが好ましい。   It is preferable that the electrical conductivity (IACS) is 95% or more and the hardness is 65 HV or more.

本発明のスポット溶接用電極を製造するための製造方法は、０．０５〜０．６質量％のＡｇ及び０．００５〜０．１質量％のＯを含み、残部がＣｕ及び不可避的不純物から構成される鋳塊に、熱間押し出し加工を行い押し出し材を形成し、この押し出し材に冷間抽伸加工を行い棒材を形成し、この棒材をヘッダー加工もしくは切削加工で最終形状を形成し、全工程を通じて熱処理を行わないことを特徴とする。   The production method for producing the electrode for spot welding of the present invention contains 0.05 to 0.6 mass% Ag and 0.005 to 0.1 mass% O, with the balance being Cu and inevitable impurities. The extruded ingot is hot-extruded to form an extruded material, and the extruded material is cold-drawn to form a bar. The final shape of the bar is formed by header processing or cutting. The heat treatment is not performed throughout the entire process.

本発明によれば、スポット溶接用電極に、０．０５〜０．６質量％のＡｇを含有させたので、軟化温度を高めることが可能となった。また、スポット溶接用電極に、０．００５〜０．１質量％のＯを固溶させたので、アルミニウムや亜鉛は銅よりも酸化されやすいため、スポット溶接機用電極の表面と接触したアルミニウムや亜鉛等の溶融金属が、スポット溶接機用電極に含まれる酸素と反応して酸化物となり、スポット溶接用電極の表面に亜鉛メッキやアルミニウムメッキ等の溶融金属の付着を抑止することが可能となった。   According to the present invention, since the spot welding electrode contains 0.05 to 0.6% by mass of Ag, the softening temperature can be increased. In addition, since 0.005 to 0.1% by mass of O was dissolved in the spot welding electrode, aluminum and zinc are more easily oxidized than copper, so aluminum and zinc in contact with the surface of the spot welding machine electrode Molten metal such as zinc reacts with oxygen contained in the electrode for the spot welding machine to become an oxide, and it is possible to suppress adhesion of molten metal such as zinc plating or aluminum plating to the surface of the electrode for spot welding. It was.

また、スポット溶接用電極を、電気伝導率（ＩＡＣＳ）９５％以上にしたので、スポット溶接時に被溶接材に効率よく電流を流すことが可能となり、溶接不良を抑制することが可能となった。また、スポット溶接用電極を、硬度６５ＨＶ以上にしたので、スポット溶接時に変形することを抑制することが可能となった。   In addition, since the electrode for spot welding has an electrical conductivity (IACS) of 95% or more, it is possible to efficiently pass a current through the material to be welded during spot welding, and it is possible to suppress welding defects. In addition, since the spot welding electrode has a hardness of 65 HV or more, it is possible to suppress deformation during spot welding.

また、本発明のスポット溶接用電極を製造するための製造方法は、０．０５〜０．６質量％のＡｇ及び０．００５〜０．１質量％のＯを含み、残部がＣｕ及び不可避的不純物から構成される鋳塊に、熱間押し出し加工を行い押し出し材を形成し、この押し出し材に冷間抽伸加工を行い棒材を形成し、この棒材をヘッダー加工もしくは切削加工で最終形状を形成し、全工程を通じて熱処理を行わないので、電気伝導率を低下させることなく、硬度を上げることが可能となった。   Moreover, the manufacturing method for manufacturing the electrode for spot welding of this invention contains 0.05-0.6 mass% Ag and 0.005-0.1 mass% O, with the remainder being Cu and inevitable. An ingot composed of impurities is hot-extruded to form an extruded material, and this extruded material is cold-drawn to form a bar, and the final shape of the bar is processed by header processing or cutting. Since it is formed and not subjected to heat treatment throughout the entire process, it is possible to increase the hardness without lowering the electrical conductivity.

（スポット溶接用電極の構成）
以下に、図面を参照しつつ本発明の好ましい実施の形態を示す。図１は本発明の実施の形態を示すスポット溶接用電極１の説明図である。本発明のスポット溶接用電極１は、鉄系金属材料を溶接するために用いられるものである。ここでいう、鉄系金属材料とは、鉄（Ｆｅ）を主成分とするものであり、例えば鋼板、鋼板の表面に亜鉛メッキ層を形成した亜鉛メッキ鋼板、鋼板の表面にアルミニウムメッキ層を形成したアルミニウムメッキ鋼板、ステンレス鋼板等が含まれるがこれらに限定されるものではない。図１に示されるように、スポット溶接用電極１は、スポット溶接機のシャンクに取り付けられる取付部1ａが凹陥形成されている。取付部１ａの反対側の端部には、当接部１ｂが形成されている。この当接部１ｂと被溶接材とを当接させて、電流を被溶接材に流して溶接するようにしている。図１に示される当接部１ｂは、ドーム型形状をしているが、当接部１ｂの形状は、この形状に限定されず、平面形状や円錐台形状等であっても差し支えない。１ｃは使用限界線であり、スポット溶接用電極１の全周に渡って形成されている。これら取付部１ａや当接部１ｂは、後述するヘッダー加工により形成される。 (Configuration of electrode for spot welding)
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of an electrode 1 for spot welding showing an embodiment of the present invention. The spot welding electrode 1 of the present invention is used for welding ferrous metal materials. Here, the iron-based metal material is mainly composed of iron (Fe), for example, a steel plate, a galvanized steel plate in which a galvanized layer is formed on the surface of the steel plate, and an aluminum plated layer on the surface of the steel plate. Examples include, but are not limited to, aluminized steel plates, stainless steel plates and the like. As shown in FIG. 1, the spot welding electrode 1 is formed with a recessed mounting portion 1 a that is attached to a shank of a spot welder. A contact portion 1b is formed at the opposite end of the attachment portion 1a. The abutting portion 1b and the material to be welded are brought into contact with each other, and an electric current is passed through the material to be welded to perform welding. The contact portion 1b shown in FIG. 1 has a dome shape, but the shape of the contact portion 1b is not limited to this shape, and may be a planar shape or a truncated cone shape. Reference numeral 1c denotes a use limit line, which is formed over the entire circumference of the electrode 1 for spot welding. These attachment part 1a and contact part 1b are formed by header processing mentioned below.

（スポット溶接用電極の組成）
以下、スポット溶接用電極の組成について説明をする。本発明のスポット溶接用電極の組成は、０．０５〜０．６質量％の銀（Ａｇ）及び０．００５〜０．１質量％の酸素（Ｏ）を含み、残部が銅（Ｃｕ）及び不可避的不純物から構成される。本発明のスポット溶接用電極１は、後述する製造方法により、本発明ではスポット溶接用電極１の硬度６５ＨＶ（ビッカース硬さ）以上で、電気伝導率は９５％以上（ＩＡＣＳ：International Annealed Copper Standardの略、国際焼きなまし銅線標準ともいう）となっている。 (Composition of spot welding electrode)
Hereinafter, the composition of the electrode for spot welding will be described. The composition of the electrode for spot welding of the present invention comprises 0.05 to 0.6% by mass of silver (Ag) and 0.005 to 0.1% by mass of oxygen (O), with the balance being copper (Cu) and Consists of inevitable impurities. The spot welding electrode 1 of the present invention has a hardness of 65 HV (Vickers hardness) or more and an electric conductivity of 95% or more (IACS: International Annealed Copper Standard). Abbreviation, also called International Annealed Copper Wire Standard).

銅に微量の銀を含有させると、スポット溶接用電極１の軟化温度を高い値に向上させることが可能となる。銀の含有量が、０．０５質量％未満では、スポット溶接用電極１の軟化温度を十分に向上させることができない。一方で、銀を０．６質量％を超えて銅に含有させると、電気伝導率が低下してしまう。そこで、本発明では、銀の含有量を０．０５〜０．６質量％に設定することとした。   When a small amount of silver is contained in copper, the softening temperature of the spot welding electrode 1 can be improved to a high value. When the silver content is less than 0.05% by mass, the softening temperature of the spot welding electrode 1 cannot be sufficiently improved. On the other hand, if silver is contained in copper exceeding 0.6% by mass, the electrical conductivity is lowered. Therefore, in the present invention, the silver content is set to 0.05 to 0.6% by mass.

本発明では、銅に０．００５〜０．１質量％の酸素を固溶させている。このように、銅に微量の酸素を固溶させると、アルミニウムや亜鉛は銅よりも酸化されやすいため、スポット溶接機用電極１の表面と接触したアルミニウムや亜鉛等の溶融金属が、上記銅合金中に含まれる酸素と反応して酸化物となり、スポット溶接用電極１の表面に亜鉛メッキやアルミニウムメッキ等の溶融金属の付着を抑止することが可能となる。０．００５質量％未満ではスポット溶接用電極１の表面での、前記溶融金属の酸化が不十分であり、スポット溶接時に亜鉛メッキやアルミニウムメッキ等の溶融金属の付着し易くなってしまう。一方で、銅に固溶させる酸素の質量％が０．１質量％を超えると、水素脆性によりスポット溶接用電極１が脆化する恐れがあり好ましくない。このため本発明では、銅に０．００５〜０．１質量％の酸素を含有させることとした。   In the present invention, 0.005 to 0.1% by mass of oxygen is dissolved in copper. Thus, when a small amount of oxygen is dissolved in copper, since aluminum and zinc are more easily oxidized than copper, molten metal such as aluminum or zinc that is in contact with the surface of the electrode 1 for the spot welding machine is the copper alloy. It reacts with oxygen contained therein to become an oxide, and it becomes possible to suppress adhesion of molten metal such as galvanization or aluminum plating to the surface of the electrode 1 for spot welding. If it is less than 0.005% by mass, oxidation of the molten metal on the surface of the electrode 1 for spot welding is insufficient, and molten metal such as galvanizing or aluminum plating tends to adhere during spot welding. On the other hand, if the mass% of oxygen dissolved in copper exceeds 0.1 mass%, the spot welding electrode 1 may be embrittled due to hydrogen embrittlement, which is not preferable. For this reason, in this invention, we decided to make copper contain 0.005-0.1 mass% oxygen.

（スポット溶接用電極の製造方法）
以下、本発明のスポット溶接用電極１の製造方法について説明をする。上記組成の銅合金材料を溶解して、外径が約１００〜４５０ｍｍの鋳塊を製造する。この鋳塊を熱間（上記銅合金の再結晶温度以上の温度、本実施形態では約９００℃）により、押し出し加工を行い外径が８０〜５０ｍｍの押し出し材に形成する。更に、この押し出し材を冷間（上記銅合金の再結晶温度以下の温度）により抽伸加工を行い、７〜１２ｍｍの直棒材もしくはコイル状丸棒材に形成する。このように冷間で抽伸加工（以下、冷間抽伸加工とする）を行うと、転位密度が増殖し変形抵抗が大きくなって硬度が増す。 (Method for manufacturing spot welding electrode)
Hereinafter, the manufacturing method of the electrode 1 for spot welding of this invention is demonstrated. A copper alloy material having the above composition is melted to produce an ingot having an outer diameter of about 100 to 450 mm. This ingot is extruded into a extruded material having an outer diameter of 80 to 50 mm by hot processing (temperature above the recrystallization temperature of the copper alloy, approximately 900 ° C. in this embodiment). Further, the extruded material is drawn by cold (a temperature lower than the recrystallization temperature of the copper alloy) to form a 7-12 mm straight bar material or a coiled round bar material. When cold drawing is performed in this way (hereinafter referred to as cold drawing), the dislocation density increases, the deformation resistance increases, and the hardness increases.

前記直棒材もしくはコイル状丸棒材をヘッダー加工（冷間圧造ともいう）により、取付部１ａ、当接部１ｂを形成し、切削加工により使用限界線１ｃを形成して、スポット溶接用電極１が完成する。   The straight bar material or the coiled round bar material is subjected to header processing (also referred to as cold heading) to form the attachment portion 1a and the contact portion 1b, and the cutting limit is used to form the use limit line 1c. 1 is completed.

従来では、溶体化処理及び析出硬化処理からなる熱処理を行い、軟化温度や硬度を上げていた。しかしながら、本発明では、全工程を通じて、溶体化処理や析出硬化処理等の熱処理を行わず、冷間抽伸加工やヘッダー加工により硬度を上げることにしている。このため、スポット溶接用電極１の硬度を６５ＨＶ以上まで硬くしながら、一方で電気伝導率を９５％（ＩＡＣＳ）にすることが可能となる。   Conventionally, heat treatment including solution treatment and precipitation hardening treatment has been performed to increase the softening temperature and hardness. However, in the present invention, heat treatment such as solution treatment and precipitation hardening treatment is not performed throughout the entire process, and the hardness is increased by cold drawing or header processing. For this reason, it is possible to make the electrical conductivity 95% (IACS) while increasing the hardness of the spot welding electrode 1 to 65 HV or higher.

なお、本発明のスポット溶接用電極は、図１に示される実施形態に限定されず、図２に示されるように、ウェルドナット５１をスポット溶接するウェルドナット溶接用電極１０や、図３に示されるように、ウェルドボルト５２をスポット溶接するためのウェルドナット溶接用電極２０等のスポット溶接用電極にも適用することができることは言うまでもない。   The spot welding electrode of the present invention is not limited to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, but as shown in FIG. 2, a weld nut welding electrode 10 for spot welding a weld nut 51, or the electrode shown in FIG. Needless to say, the present invention can also be applied to a spot welding electrode such as the weld nut welding electrode 20 for spot welding the weld bolt 52.

以上、現時点において、もっとも、実践的であり、かつ好ましいと思われる実施形態に関連して本発明を説明したが、本発明は、本願明細書中に開示された実施形態に限定されるものではなく、請求の範囲および明細書全体から読み取れる発明の要旨あるいは思想に反しない範囲で適宜変更可能であり、そのような変更を伴う鉄系材料のスポット溶接用電極及び鉄系材料のスポット溶接用電極の製造方法もまた技術的範囲に包含されるものとして理解されなければならない。   Although the present invention has been described above in connection with the most practical and preferred embodiments at the present time, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed herein. The iron-based material spot welding electrode and the iron-based material spot welding electrode can be appropriately changed without departing from the spirit or concept of the invention that can be read from the claims and the entire specification. This manufacturing method must also be understood as being included in the technical scope.

本発明の実施の形態を示すスポット溶接用電極の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the electrode for spot welding which shows embodiment of this invention. 本発明の実施の形態を示すウェルドナット溶接用電極の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the electrode for weld nut welding which shows embodiment of this invention. 本発明の実施の形態を示すウェルドボルト溶接用電極説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the electrode for weld bolt welding which shows embodiment of this invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ スポット溶接用電極
１ａ 取付部
１ｂ 当接部
１ｃ 使用限界線
１０ ウェルドナット溶接用電極
２０ ウェルドボルト溶接用電極
５１ ウェルドナット
５２ ウェルドボルト DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Spot welding electrode 1a Mounting part 1b Contact part 1c Use limit line 10 Weld nut welding electrode 20 Weld bolt welding electrode 51 Weld nut 52 Weld bolt

Claims (3)

０．０５〜０．６質量％のＡｇ及び０．００５〜０．１質量％のＯを含み、残部がＣｕ及び不可避的不純物から構成されることを特徴とする鉄系材料のスポット溶接用電極。   An electrode for spot welding of an iron-based material comprising 0.05 to 0.6% by mass of Ag and 0.005 to 0.1% by mass of O, the balance being composed of Cu and inevitable impurities . 電気伝導率（ＩＡＣＳ）９５％以上、硬度６５ＨＶ以上であることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の鉄系材料のスポット溶接用電極。   The electrode for spot welding of an iron-based material according to claim 1, wherein the electrode has an electric conductivity (IACS) of 95% or more and a hardness of 65HV or more. ０．０５〜０．６質量％のＡｇ及び０．００５〜０．１質量％のＯを含み、残部がＣｕ及び不可避的不純物から構成される鋳塊に、熱間押し出し加工を行い押し出し材を形成し、この押し出し材に冷間抽伸加工を行い棒材を形成し、この棒材をヘッダー加工もしくは切削加工で最終形状を形成し、全工程を通じて熱処理を行わないことを特徴とする鉄系材料のスポット溶接用電極の製造方法。   An ingot containing 0.05 to 0.6% by mass of Ag and 0.005 to 0.1% by mass of O, with the balance being made of Cu and unavoidable impurities, is subjected to hot extrusion to produce an extruded material The iron-based material is characterized in that the extruded material is cold drawn to form a bar, the final shape of the bar is formed by header processing or cutting, and heat treatment is not performed throughout the process. Manufacturing method of spot welding electrode.
JP2007263903A 2007-10-10 2007-10-10 Spot welding electrode of ferrous material, and its manufacturing method Pending JP2009090340A (en)

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ES2350788A1 (en) * 2010-07-22 2011-01-27 La Farga Lacambra, S.A. Polymicroaleate coil weld for welding (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
CN102343474A (en) * 2010-04-28 2012-02-08 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 Welding electrode with contoured face
CN104084686A (en) * 2014-06-12 2014-10-08 上海交通大学 Electrode for restraining generation of aluminum alloy resistance spot welding crack
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JPH07166274A (en) * 1993-12-09 1995-06-27 Sumitomo Light Metal Ind Ltd Electrode material for resistance welding of aluminum and production thereof
JPH0976074A (en) * 1995-09-12 1997-03-25 Kobe Steel Ltd Material for resistance welding electrode, composite electrode for resistance welding and its manufacture
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102343474A (en) * 2010-04-28 2012-02-08 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 Welding electrode with contoured face
DE102010024569B4 (en) * 2010-04-28 2012-06-06 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Resistance spot welding of aluminum to aluminum and steel to steel
US8274010B2 (en) 2010-04-28 2012-09-25 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Welding electrode with contoured face
CN102343474B (en) * 2010-04-28 2014-10-29 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 Resistance spot welding of Al-Al, steel to steel
US9676065B2 (en) 2010-04-28 2017-06-13 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Resistance spot welding of aluminum to aluminum and steel to steel
ES2350788A1 (en) * 2010-07-22 2011-01-27 La Farga Lacambra, S.A. Polymicroaleate coil weld for welding (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
CN104084686A (en) * 2014-06-12 2014-10-08 上海交通大学 Electrode for restraining generation of aluminum alloy resistance spot welding crack

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