JP2007280669A - Electrode catalyst layer for solid polymer fuel cell, manufacturing method of same, and solid polymer fuel cell using method - Google Patents
Electrode catalyst layer for solid polymer fuel cell, manufacturing method of same, and solid polymer fuel cell using method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、固体高分子型燃料電池用電極触媒層とその製造方法、並びに、それを用いた固体高分子型燃料電池に関する。 The present invention relates to an electrode catalyst layer for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, a production method thereof, and a polymer electrolyte fuel cell using the same.
燃料電池は、イオン伝導体の一方の面にアノード（燃料極）、他方の面にカソード（酸化極）を設けたイオン伝導体電極接合体（以下ＭＥＡと記述する）の両側に、セパレータを配した単電池セルを複数積層した構造になっている。
アノードに対向するセパレータ表面には、燃料ガスを流通させるための凹溝状の燃料ガス流路が設けられている。また、カソードに対向するガスセパレータ表面には、酸化剤ガスを流通させるための凹溝状の酸化剤ガス流路が設けられている。
そして、燃料ガス流路に水素を主体とした改質ガス（又は水素ガス）を供給すると共に、酸化剤ガス流路に酸化剤ガス（通常は空気）を供給し、電解質膜を介して燃料ガスの水素と酸化剤ガスの酸素とにより下記の電気化学反応を生じさせて熱と同時に起電力を得るようにしたものである。
In a fuel cell, separators are arranged on both sides of an ion conductor electrode assembly (hereinafter referred to as MEA) in which an anode (fuel electrode) is provided on one surface of an ion conductor and a cathode (oxidation electrode) is provided on the other surface. It has a structure in which a plurality of single battery cells are stacked.
On the surface of the separator facing the anode, there is provided a groove-like fuel gas flow path for circulating fuel gas. In addition, a concave groove-like oxidant gas flow path for circulating the oxidant gas is provided on the surface of the gas separator facing the cathode.
Then, a reformed gas (or hydrogen gas) mainly composed of hydrogen is supplied to the fuel gas channel, and an oxidant gas (usually air) is supplied to the oxidant gas channel, and the fuel gas is passed through the electrolyte membrane. The following electrochemical reaction is caused by hydrogen and oxygen in the oxidant gas so as to obtain an electromotive force simultaneously with heat.
燃料極；Ｈ２→２Ｈ＋＋２ｅ− （１）
酸化剤極；４Ｈ＋＋４ｅ−＋Ｏ２→２Ｈ２Ｏ （２）
Fuel electrode; H 2 → 2H + + 2e − (1)
Oxidant electrode; 4H + + 4e − + O 2 → 2H 2 O (2)
燃料電池は、従来の発電方式と比較して高効率、低環境負荷、低騒音である等の特徴を有し、クリーンなエネルギー源として注目されている。
燃料電池は、用いるイオン伝導体の種類によって類別され、プロトン伝導性固体高分子膜を用いたものは、固体高分子型燃料電池と呼ばれる。
A fuel cell has features such as high efficiency, low environmental load, and low noise as compared with a conventional power generation method, and has attracted attention as a clean energy source.
Fuel cells are classified according to the type of ion conductor used, and those using proton conductive solid polymer membranes are called solid polymer fuel cells.
燃料電池の中でも固体高分子型燃料電池は、室温に近い温度でも使用可能なことから、車載用電源や携帯電話用電源などへの使用が有望視されており、近年、様々な研究開発が行われている。 Among polymer electrolyte fuel cells, polymer electrolyte fuel cells can be used at temperatures close to room temperature, so they are considered promising for use in automotive power supplies and mobile phone power supplies. In recent years, various research and development have been conducted. It has been broken.
燃料極および酸化剤極などの電極は、触媒担持カーボン粒子とプロトン伝導性物質からなる電極触媒層と、ガス通気性と電導性を兼ね備えたガス拡散層からなる接合体である。 Electrodes such as a fuel electrode and an oxidant electrode are joined bodies composed of an electrode catalyst layer made of catalyst-carrying carbon particles and a proton conductive material, and a gas diffusion layer having both gas permeability and conductivity.
上記の式（１）および（２）の酸化還元反応は、電極内部において、燃料ガスもしくは酸化剤ガスの存在下において、電子伝導性物質（カーボン粒子）とプロトン伝導性物質と触媒の三相界面でのみ起こる。
この三相界面の面積が燃料電池の性能に大きく影響する。
The oxidation-reduction reactions of the above formulas (1) and (2) are carried out in the presence of fuel gas or oxidant gas inside the electrode in the three-phase interface between the electron conductive material (carbon particles), the proton conductive material and the catalyst. Only happens in
The area of this three-phase interface greatly affects the performance of the fuel cell.
電極触媒層中には細孔が設けられている。
細孔は、燃料ガスや酸化剤ガスおよび水などを輸送する通路の役割を果たす。
Fine pores are provided in the electrode catalyst layer.
The pores serve as passages for transporting fuel gas, oxidant gas, water, and the like.
電極触媒層の面積を大きくすると、ガスの上流側と下流側ではガス分圧、温度が異なるため、電極触媒層の厚さ方向に組成、構造を制御することが発電効率を高める上で重要なポイントとなる。 When the area of the electrode catalyst layer is increased, the gas partial pressure and temperature are different between the upstream side and downstream side of the gas. Therefore, controlling the composition and structure in the thickness direction of the electrode catalyst layer is important for increasing power generation efficiency. It becomes a point.
電極触媒層の厚さ方向に組成を制御する方法として、触媒担持カーボンの濃度が異なる触媒インクを塗布することにより、電極触媒層のガス上流側から下流側にかけて触媒担持カーボンの濃度を、段階的に増加させる方法が開示されている。（特許文献１参照） As a method for controlling the composition in the thickness direction of the electrode catalyst layer, by applying catalyst inks having different concentrations of catalyst-supported carbon, the concentration of catalyst-supported carbon is gradually increased from the gas upstream side to the downstream side of the electrode catalyst layer. A method of increasing is disclosed. (See Patent Document 1)
また、触媒担持カーボンと、プロトン伝導性物質を溶媒に分散させた触媒インクを、平面状の基材上に塗布する触媒インク塗布工程と、前記触媒インク中の溶媒を蒸発させることにより、前記基材上に電極触媒層を形成する溶媒蒸発工程を有する固体高分子型燃料電池用電極触媒層の製造方法において、
前記溶媒蒸発工程を、電場および磁場内で行い、触媒担持カーボン粒子にローレンツ力を発生させ、電極触媒層中の触媒担持カーボン粒子濃度を傾斜させる方法が開示されている。
電場および磁場の強さ、方向を変えることで電極触媒層の厚さ方向に傾斜を制御する。（特許文献２参照）
In addition, a catalyst ink coating step of coating a catalyst-supporting carbon and a catalyst ink in which a proton conductive material is dispersed in a solvent on a planar substrate; and evaporating the solvent in the catalyst ink, thereby In the method for producing an electrode catalyst layer for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell having a solvent evaporation step of forming an electrode catalyst layer on a material,
A method is disclosed in which the solvent evaporation step is performed in an electric field and a magnetic field to generate Lorentz force on the catalyst-supporting carbon particles and to incline the catalyst-supporting carbon particle concentration in the electrode catalyst layer.
The inclination is controlled in the thickness direction of the electrode catalyst layer by changing the strength and direction of the electric and magnetic fields. (See Patent Document 2)
しかしながら、特許文献１で開示されている方法においては、電極触媒層の組成をガス上流側から下流側にかけて連続的に変化させるために、相当数の種類の触媒インクを用意しなければならないという問題が生じている。 However, in the method disclosed in Patent Document 1, in order to continuously change the composition of the electrode catalyst layer from the gas upstream side to the downstream side, it is necessary to prepare a considerable number of types of catalyst inks. Has occurred.
また、特許文献２で開示されている方法においては、電場および磁場を印加する必要があるが、電場を均一することが困難であるという問題が生じている。 In the method disclosed in Patent Document 2, it is necessary to apply an electric field and a magnetic field, but there is a problem that it is difficult to make the electric field uniform.
触媒担持カーボン粒子や溶媒は、磁場と相互作用が極めて小さい弱磁性体であるので、触媒担持カーボン粒子や溶媒に磁場を印加した場合、均一な磁束密度分布を得る事ができるが、触媒担持カーボン粒子や溶媒に電場を印加した場合、ローレンツ力により電極触媒層の触媒担持カーボン粒子濃度が変化し、電極触媒層の部分的な導電性が変わり電場が不安定になる。
このため、電極触媒層において、安定した触媒担持カーボン粒子濃度の傾斜が得られないという問題点が生じている。
Since the catalyst-carrying carbon particles and solvent are weak magnetic materials that have very little interaction with the magnetic field, a uniform magnetic flux density distribution can be obtained when a magnetic field is applied to the catalyst-carrying carbon particles and solvent. When an electric field is applied to particles or a solvent, the concentration of the catalyst-carrying carbon particles in the electrode catalyst layer changes due to the Lorentz force, the partial conductivity of the electrode catalyst layer changes, and the electric field becomes unstable.
For this reason, the electrode catalyst layer has a problem that a stable gradient of the catalyst-carrying carbon particle concentration cannot be obtained.
本発明の課題は、触媒担持カーボン粒子やプロトン伝導性物質の濃度、および、細孔の大きさを、電極触媒層の厚さ方向に傾斜した電極触媒層およびその製造方法、並びに、それを用いた燃料電池を提供することを目的とする。 An object of the present invention is to provide an electrode catalyst layer in which the concentration of catalyst-carrying carbon particles and proton conductive material and the size of the pores are inclined in the thickness direction of the electrode catalyst layer, a method for producing the same, and a method for using the same. An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell.
請求項１に記載の発明は、触媒担持カーボンと、プロトン伝導性物質を溶媒に分散させた触媒インクを、平面状の基材上に塗布する触媒インク塗布工程と、前記触媒インク中の溶媒を蒸発させることにより、前記基材上に電極触媒層を形成する溶媒蒸発工程を有する固体高分子型燃料電池用電極触媒層の製造方法であって、
前記触媒インク塗布工程、および、溶媒蒸発工程の少なくとも１つの工程を、磁束密度分布を有する磁場内で行うことを特徴とする固体高分子型燃料電池用電極触媒層の製造方法である。
The invention according to claim 1 is a catalyst ink coating step of coating a catalyst-supporting carbon and a catalyst ink in which a proton conductive material is dispersed in a solvent on a planar substrate, and a solvent in the catalyst ink. A method for producing an electrode catalyst layer for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell having a solvent evaporation step of forming an electrode catalyst layer on the substrate by evaporating,
A method for producing an electrode catalyst layer for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, wherein at least one of the catalyst ink application step and the solvent evaporation step is performed in a magnetic field having a magnetic flux density distribution.
請求項２に記載の発明は、前記磁束密度分布を有する磁場の形成に用いる、永久磁石または磁場発生装置の最大磁束密度が、０．１テスラ以上であることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の固体高分子型燃料電池用電極触媒層の製造方法である。 The invention according to claim 2 is characterized in that the maximum magnetic flux density of a permanent magnet or a magnetic field generator used for forming a magnetic field having the magnetic flux density distribution is 0.1 Tesla or more. This is a method for producing an electrode catalyst layer for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell.
請求項３に記載の発明は、前記基材が磁化率の異なる２の物質で構成されており、該基材に磁場を印加することにより該基材に含まれる最も磁化率の高い物質に磁力を集中させ、所望の磁束密度分布を有する磁場を発生させることを特徴とする請求項１または請求項２に記載の固体高分子型燃料電池用電極触媒層の製造方法である。 According to a third aspect of the present invention, the base material is composed of two substances having different magnetic susceptibility, and a magnetic field is applied to the base material having the highest magnetic susceptibility by applying a magnetic field to the base material. 3. The method for producing an electrode catalyst layer for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein a magnetic field having a desired magnetic flux density distribution is generated.
請求項４に記載の発明は、前記基材に含まれる最も磁化率の高い物質の濃度が、前記基材の面方向に傾斜していることを特徴とする請求項３に記載の固体高分子型燃料電池用電極触媒層の製造方法である。 The invention according to claim 4 is characterized in that the concentration of the substance having the highest magnetic susceptibility contained in the base material is inclined in the surface direction of the base material. It is a manufacturing method of the electrode catalyst layer for type fuel cells.
請求項５に記載の発明は、触媒担持カーボンと異なる磁化率を持つ少なくとも１つ以上の物質を、触媒インク中に分散させ、前記触媒担持カーボンと前記触媒インクとの磁化率差を増大させたことを特徴とする請求項１〜４に記載の固体高分子型燃料電池用電極触媒層の製造方法である。 According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, at least one substance having a magnetic susceptibility different from that of the catalyst-carrying carbon is dispersed in the catalyst ink, thereby increasing a magnetic susceptibility difference between the catalyst-carrying carbon and the catalyst ink. It is a manufacturing method of the electrode catalyst layer for solid polymer type fuel cells of Claims 1-4 characterized by the above-mentioned.
請求項６に記載の発明は、前記触媒担持カーボンと異なる磁化率を持つ少なくとも１つ以上の物質を、前記電極触媒層形成後に溶媒により除去することにより、前記電極触媒層に細孔を形成することを特徴とする請求項５に記載の固体高分子型燃料電池用電極触媒層の製造方法である。 The invention according to claim 6 forms pores in the electrode catalyst layer by removing at least one substance having a magnetic susceptibility different from that of the catalyst-supporting carbon with a solvent after the electrode catalyst layer is formed. The method for producing an electrode catalyst layer for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to claim 5.
請求項７に記載の発明は、前記基材の温度を２０℃〜１２０℃に調節することを特徴とする請求項１乃至請求項６のいずれか１項に記載の固体高分子型燃料電池用電極触媒層の製造方法である。 The invention according to claim 7 is characterized in that the temperature of the base material is adjusted to 20 ° C. to 120 ° C., for the polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 6. It is a manufacturing method of an electrode catalyst layer.
請求項８に記載の発明は、ガス拡散材上に、触媒担持カーボン粒子およびプロトン伝導性物質を有する電極触媒層を形成してなる、請求項１乃至請求項７のいずれか１項に記載の固体高分子型燃料電池用電極触媒層の製造方法を用いて作製された固体高分子型燃料電池用電極触媒層であって、
前記電極触媒層中の前記触媒担持カーボン粒子の濃度が、前記電極触媒層の面方向に傾斜していることを特徴とする固体高分子型燃料電池用電極触媒層である。
The invention according to claim 8 is the electrode according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein an electrode catalyst layer having catalyst-carrying carbon particles and a proton conductive material is formed on a gas diffusion material. An electrode catalyst layer for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell produced using the method for producing an electrode catalyst layer for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell,
The electrode catalyst layer for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, wherein the concentration of the catalyst-supporting carbon particles in the electrode catalyst layer is inclined in the surface direction of the electrode catalyst layer.
請求項９に記載の発明は、前記電極触媒層中の前記プロトン伝導性物質の濃度が、前記電極触媒層の面方向に傾斜していることを特徴とする請求項８に記載の固体高分子型燃料電池用電極触媒層である。 The invention according to claim 9 is characterized in that the concentration of the proton conductive substance in the electrode catalyst layer is inclined in the surface direction of the electrode catalyst layer. It is an electrode catalyst layer for type fuel cells.
請求項１０に記載の発明は、前記電極触媒層中の前記細孔の大きさが、前記電極触媒層の面方向に傾斜を持つことを特徴とする請求項９に記載の固体高分子型燃料電池用電極触媒層である。 The invention according to claim 10 is characterized in that the size of the pores in the electrode catalyst layer is inclined in the surface direction of the electrode catalyst layer. It is an electrode catalyst layer for batteries.
請求項１１に記載の発明は、プロトン伝導性固体高分子膜の表裏面に、電極触媒層をプロトン伝導性固体高分子膜側に向けて請求項８乃至請求項１０のいずれか１項に記載の固体高分子型燃料電池用電極触媒層を配置したことを特徴とする固体高分子型燃料電池である。 An eleventh aspect of the present invention is according to any one of the eighth to tenth aspects, in which the electrode catalyst layer is directed to the proton conductive solid polymer membrane side on the front and back surfaces of the proton conductive solid polymer membrane. This solid polymer fuel cell is characterized in that an electrode catalyst layer for a solid polymer fuel cell is disposed.
請求項１２に記載の発明は、前記電極触媒層とプロトン伝導性固体高分子膜の間に、プロトン伝導性高分子からなる層を設けたことを特徴とする請求項１１に記載の固体高分子型燃料電池である。 The invention according to claim 12 is characterized in that a layer made of a proton conductive polymer is provided between the electrode catalyst layer and the proton conductive solid polymer membrane. Type fuel cell.
本発明は、磁束密度分布のある磁場内で触媒インクの塗布もしくは乾燥を行うことで、触媒インク中の触媒担持カーボンと溶媒にそれぞれ異なる磁気力を発生させ、触媒担持カーボンを磁気力で
電極触媒層の厚さ方向に移動させる手法を用いて、電極触媒層の厚さ方向に組成が連続的に傾斜した固体高分子型燃料電池用電極触媒層の製造方法を提供するものである。
In the present invention, by applying or drying the catalyst ink in a magnetic field having a magnetic flux density distribution, different magnetic forces are generated in the catalyst-carrying carbon and the solvent in the catalyst ink, and the catalyst-carrying carbon is electrocatalyzed by the magnetic force. The present invention provides a method for producing an electrode catalyst layer for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell in which the composition is continuously inclined in the thickness direction of the electrode catalyst layer using a method of moving in the layer thickness direction.
触媒インク中の触媒担持カーボンと溶媒は、それぞれ反磁性体で磁性が弱く、磁気相互作用が非常に小さいので磁気力を利用して移動させるのは現実的でない。
しかし、触媒インク中の溶媒に磁化率を大きくする物質を溶解させることによって、触媒担持カーボンと触媒インク中の溶媒の磁化率差が増大するので、その結果、本発明では磁気力を利用した触媒担持カーボンの移動ができることになる。
具体的には、触媒インク中の溶媒に常磁性遷移元素化合物を添加することで、触媒インク中の溶媒が常磁性体になる。
The catalyst-carrying carbon and the solvent in the catalyst ink are diamagnetic materials, weak in magnetism, and have a very small magnetic interaction, so that it is not realistic to move them using magnetic force.
However, by dissolving a substance that increases the magnetic susceptibility in the solvent in the catalyst ink, the difference in magnetic susceptibility between the catalyst-supporting carbon and the solvent in the catalyst ink is increased. As a result, in the present invention, a catalyst using magnetic force is used. The supported carbon can be moved.
Specifically, the solvent in the catalyst ink becomes a paramagnetic substance by adding a paramagnetic transition element compound to the solvent in the catalyst ink.
しかし、磁束密度分布が均一であれば、触媒担持カーボンと触媒インク中の溶媒の磁化率差を増大させても触媒担持カーボンは移動しない。
磁束密度分布のある磁場を形成する方法としては、強磁性体と弱磁性体で構成された基材に磁場を印加する方法を用いることができる。
磁石と相互作用が大きいＦｅやＮｉ、Ｃｏといった強磁性体は、磁束密度を高める効果がある。
しかし、弱磁性体は、磁場との相互作用が極めて小さいので、そのまま磁力線が透過する。従って、基材表面では、強磁性体と弱磁性体のパターンに相当する磁束密度分布のある磁場が電極触媒層の面方向に形成される。
また、磁束密度分布は、基材から遠ざかるほど均一になるので、電極触媒層の厚さ方向にも磁束密度分布のある磁場が形成される。
つまり、Ｆｅなどの強磁性体の表面では磁束密度が高いので、常磁性体の触媒インク中の溶媒が面方向に移動し、また、Ａｌなどの弱磁性体の表面では磁束密度が低いので、反磁性体の触媒担持カーボンが電極触媒層の面方向に移動する。
この時、Ｆｅなどの強磁性体の磁気力が面方向に傾斜を持つ。
即ち、強磁性体で発生した磁気力は強く、反磁性体の触媒担持カーボンが電極触媒層面方向に移動する。
これにより、本発明で製造した電極触媒層は、面方向に組成が連続的に傾斜する。
However, if the magnetic flux density distribution is uniform, the catalyst-carrying carbon does not move even if the difference in magnetic susceptibility between the catalyst-carrying carbon and the solvent in the catalyst ink is increased.
As a method of forming a magnetic field having a magnetic flux density distribution, a method of applying a magnetic field to a substrate made of a ferromagnetic material and a weak magnetic material can be used.
Ferromagnetic materials such as Fe, Ni, and Co that have a large interaction with the magnet have the effect of increasing the magnetic flux density.
However, since the weak magnetic substance has a very small interaction with the magnetic field, the lines of magnetic force pass through as it is. Therefore, a magnetic field having a magnetic flux density distribution corresponding to the pattern of the ferromagnetic material and the weak magnetic material is formed on the substrate surface in the surface direction of the electrode catalyst layer.
Further, since the magnetic flux density distribution becomes uniform as the distance from the base material increases, a magnetic field having a magnetic flux density distribution is also formed in the thickness direction of the electrode catalyst layer.
That is, since the magnetic flux density is high on the surface of a ferromagnetic material such as Fe, the solvent in the paramagnetic catalyst ink moves in the plane direction, and the magnetic flux density is low on the surface of a weak magnetic material such as Al. The catalyst-supporting carbon of the diamagnetic material moves in the surface direction of the electrode catalyst layer.
At this time, the magnetic force of a ferromagnetic material such as Fe is inclined in the plane direction.
That is, the magnetic force generated in the ferromagnetic material is strong, and the diamagnetic catalyst-supporting carbon moves in the direction of the electrode catalyst layer.
Thereby, the composition of the electrode catalyst layer produced in the present invention is continuously inclined in the surface direction.
本発明は、触媒担持カーボンとプロトン伝導性物質を溶媒で分散させた従来の触媒インクに、常磁性遷移元素化合物を分散することに特徴がある。 The present invention is characterized in that a paramagnetic transition element compound is dispersed in a conventional catalyst ink in which a catalyst-carrying carbon and a proton conductive material are dispersed in a solvent.
本発明で用いる触媒粒子としては、白金やパラジウム、ルテニウム、イリジウム、ロジウム、オスミウムの白金族元素の他、鉄、鉛、銅、クロム、コバルト、ニッケル、マンガン、バナジウム、モリブデン、ガリウム、アルミニウムなどの金属又はこれらの合金、または酸化物、複酸化物等が使用できる。
また、これらの触媒の粒径は、大きすぎると触媒の活性が低下し、小さすぎると触媒の安定性が低下するため、０．５〜２０ｎｍが好ましい。
更に好ましくは、１〜５ｎｍが良い。
Catalyst particles used in the present invention include platinum, palladium, ruthenium, iridium, rhodium, osmium, platinum group elements, iron, lead, copper, chromium, cobalt, nickel, manganese, vanadium, molybdenum, gallium, aluminum, etc. A metal or an alloy thereof, or an oxide or a double oxide can be used.
Moreover, since the activity of a catalyst will fall when the particle size of these catalysts is too large, and stability of a catalyst will fall when too small, 0.5-20 nm is preferable.
More preferably, 1-5 nm is good.
これらの触媒を担持する電子伝導性物質としては、一般的に炭素粒子が使用される。
炭素の種類は、微粒子状で導電性を有し、触媒におかされないものであればどのようなものでも構わないが、カーボンブラックやグラファイト、黒鉛、活性炭、カーボンファイバー、カーボンナノチューブ、フラーレンが使用できる。
Generally, carbon particles are used as the electron conductive material supporting these catalysts.
Any kind of carbon may be used as long as it is in the form of fine particles, has conductivity and is not affected by the catalyst, but carbon black, graphite, graphite, activated carbon, carbon fiber, carbon nanotube, fullerene can be used. .
カーボンの粒径は、小さすぎると電子伝導パスが形成され難くなり、また大きすぎると触媒層のガス拡散性が低下したり、触媒の利用率が低下したりするので、１０〜１０００ｎｍ程度が好ましい。
更に好ましくは、１０〜１００ｎｍが良い。
If the particle size of the carbon is too small, it is difficult to form an electron conduction path, and if it is too large, the gas diffusibility of the catalyst layer is lowered or the utilization factor of the catalyst is lowered. .
More preferably, 10-100 nm is good.
プロトン伝導性固体高分子膜側としては、触媒インキ中のプロトン伝導性物質を選択する必要がある。
市販のパーフルオロカーボンスルホン酸（デュポン社製、ナフィオン）をプロトン伝導性固体高分子膜として用いる場合は、触媒インキ中のプロトン伝導性物質としてはパーフルオロカーボンスルホン酸（デュポン社製、ナフィオン）を使用するのが好ましい。
On the proton conductive solid polymer membrane side, it is necessary to select a proton conductive material in the catalyst ink.
When using commercially available perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid (manufactured by DuPont, Nafion) as the proton conductive solid polymer membrane, use perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid (manufactured by DuPont, Nafion) as the proton conductive substance in the catalyst ink. Is preferred.
触媒インクの分散媒として使用される溶媒は、触媒粒子やプロトン伝導性物質を浸食することがなく、プロトン伝導性物質を流動性の高い状態で溶解または微細ゲルとして分散できるものであれば特に制限はないが、揮発性の液体有機溶媒が少なくとも含まれることが望ましく、特に限定されるものではないが、メタノール、エタノール、１−プロパノ―ル、２−プロパノ―ル、１−ブタノ−ル、２−ブタノ−ル、イソブチルアルコール、ｔｅｒｔ−ブチルアルコール、ペンタノ−ル等のアルコール類、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、ペンタノン、メチルイソブチルケトン、へプタノン、シクロヘキサノン、メチルシクロヘキサノン、アセトニルアセトン、ジイソブチルケトンなどのケトン系溶剤、テトラヒドロフラン、ジオキサン、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、アニソール、メトキシトルエン、ジブチルエーテル等のエーテル系溶剤、その他ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルアセトアミド、Ｎ−メチルピロリドン、エチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、ジアセトンアルコール、１−メトキシ−２−プロパノ−ル等の極性溶剤等が使用される。
また、これらの溶剤のうち二種以上を混合させたものも使用できる。
また、溶剤として低級アルコールを用いたものは発火の危険性が高く、このような溶媒を用いる際は水との混合溶媒にするのが好ましい。
プロトン伝導性物質となじみがよい水が含まれていてもよい。
水の添加量は、プロトン伝導性物質が分離して白濁を生じたり、ゲル化したりしない程度であれば特に制限はない。
The solvent used as the dispersion medium for the catalyst ink is not particularly limited as long as it does not erode the catalyst particles and the proton conductive material and can dissolve the proton conductive material in a highly fluid state or can be dispersed as a fine gel. However, it is desirable to include at least a volatile liquid organic solvent, and is not particularly limited, but includes methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2 -Alcohols such as butanol, isobutyl alcohol, tert-butyl alcohol, pentanole, ketone solvents such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, pentanone, methyl isobutyl ketone, heptanone, cyclohexanone, methyl cyclohexanone, acetonyl acetone, diisobutyl ketone , Tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, die Ether solvents such as lenglycol dimethyl ether, anisole, methoxytoluene, dibutyl ether, other polar solvents such as dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, diacetone alcohol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol A solvent or the like is used.
Moreover, what mixed 2 or more types of these solvents can also be used.
In addition, those using lower alcohol as a solvent have a high risk of ignition, and when using such a solvent, it is preferable to use a mixed solvent with water.
Water that is compatible with the proton conductive material may be contained.
The amount of water to be added is not particularly limited as long as the proton conductive material is not separated to cause white turbidity or gelation.
また、電極触媒層の空隙率を制御するために、グリセリンや界面活性剤を用いることもできる。 Moreover, in order to control the porosity of an electrode catalyst layer, glycerin and surfactant can also be used.
触媒インク中の溶媒と触媒担持カーボンの磁化率差を大きくするための物質としては、溶媒に溶解する物であれば特に制限はないが、少量の添加で磁化率差が大きくなるような溶媒と大きく異なる磁性を有する物質であることが好ましい。 The substance for increasing the difference in magnetic susceptibility between the solvent in the catalyst ink and the catalyst-supporting carbon is not particularly limited as long as it is a substance that dissolves in the solvent. A substance having greatly different magnetism is preferable.
磁化率差を大きくするための物質を大量に添加すると、電極触媒層の機械的強度が低下するため、添加量としては、１〜１５ｗｔ％であることが好ましい。
溶媒の磁化率を大きくする物質として、常磁性遷移元素化合物、および、Ｆｅ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｏなどの強磁性体を用いることができる。
溶媒の磁化率を大きくする物質の大きさとしては、１００ｎｍ以下が好ましく、１０〜２０ｎｍが更に好ましい。
When a large amount of a substance for increasing the magnetic susceptibility difference is added, the mechanical strength of the electrode catalyst layer is lowered. Therefore, the addition amount is preferably 1 to 15 wt%.
As a substance that increases the magnetic susceptibility of the solvent, a paramagnetic transition element compound and a ferromagnetic material such as Fe, Ni, and Co can be used.
As a magnitude | size of the substance which enlarges the magnetic susceptibility of a solvent, 100 nm or less is preferable and 10-20 nm is still more preferable.
また、触媒担持カーボンとの磁化率差を大きくするための物質は、電極触媒層を形成後に溶媒を用いて取り除いてもよい。
取り除くことによって、電極触媒層の空隙率および空孔径が大きくなる。
Further, the substance for increasing the magnetic susceptibility difference from the catalyst-supporting carbon may be removed using a solvent after forming the electrode catalyst layer.
By removing, the porosity and pore diameter of the electrode catalyst layer are increased.
触媒インク中の固形分含有量は、多すぎると触媒インクの粘度が高くなるため、本発明における磁気力による物質移動が困難になり、また少なすぎると成膜レートが非常に遅く、生産性が低下してしまうため、１〜５０ｗｔ％であることが好ましい。
固形分は触媒担持カーボンとプロトン伝導性物質からなるが、触媒担持カーボンの含有量を多くすると同じ固形分含有量でも粘度は高くなり、少なくすると粘度は低くなる。
触媒担持カーボンの固形分に占める割合は１０〜８０％が好ましい。
また、このときの触媒インクの粘度は、磁気力による物質移動を行うことを考慮すると、０．１〜５００ｃＰ程度が好ましく、５〜１００ｃＰがさらに好ましい。
また触媒インク中に分散剤を添加することで、粘度の制御をすることもできる。
If the solid content in the catalyst ink is too high, the viscosity of the catalyst ink will be high, so that mass transfer by the magnetic force in the present invention will be difficult, and if it is too low, the film formation rate will be very slow and productivity will be low. Since it will fall, it is preferable that it is 1-50 wt%.
The solid content is composed of the catalyst-supporting carbon and the proton conductive material. If the content of the catalyst-supporting carbon is increased, the viscosity increases even when the solid content is the same.
The proportion of the catalyst-supporting carbon in the solid content is preferably 10 to 80%.
Further, the viscosity of the catalyst ink at this time is preferably about 0.1 to 500 cP, more preferably 5 to 100 cP in consideration of performing mass transfer by magnetic force.
Further, the viscosity can be controlled by adding a dispersant to the catalyst ink.
触媒インクの粘度、触媒インク中の粒子のサイズは、触媒インクの分散処理条件によって制御することができる。
分散処理は、様々な装置を用いて行うことができる。
例えば、ボールミル装置やロールミル装置、せん断ミル装置、湿式ミル装置、超音波分散処理装置などが挙げられる。
また、遠心力で撹拌を行うホモジナイザーなどを用いてもよい。
The viscosity of the catalyst ink and the size of the particles in the catalyst ink can be controlled by the dispersion treatment conditions of the catalyst ink.
Distributed processing can be performed using various apparatuses.
Examples thereof include a ball mill device, a roll mill device, a shear mill device, a wet mill device, and an ultrasonic dispersion treatment device.
Moreover, you may use the homogenizer etc. which stir with centrifugal force.
本発明は、基材に触媒インクを塗布する工程、触媒インク中の溶媒を蒸発させる工程の少なくとも１の工程を磁束密度分布のある磁場内で行うことに特徴がある。 The present invention is characterized in that at least one of the step of applying the catalyst ink to the substrate and the step of evaporating the solvent in the catalyst ink is performed in a magnetic field having a magnetic flux density distribution.
本発明による電極触媒層の製造装置の模式図を図１に示す。
不均一な磁束密度分布を形成するための磁場発生方法としては、永久磁石を用いる方法でも良いが、磁場強度が強く、かつ、大きな電極触媒層を形成するために、磁場発生空間を広くすることが好ましい。
例えば、電磁石や超伝導マグネットを用いる方法などが挙げられる。
磁場発生装置の最大磁束密度は０．１テスラ以上であることが好ましく、さらに好ましくは２テスラ以上が好ましい。
特に超伝導マグネットを用いる場合は、超伝導コイルの冷却の影響により磁場発生空間の温度が安定しないので、ガラス二重管に恒温槽から水を循環させることにより超伝導コイルを冷却するのが望ましい。
A schematic diagram of an apparatus for producing an electrode catalyst layer according to the present invention is shown in FIG.
A magnetic field generation method for forming a non-uniform magnetic flux density distribution may be a method using a permanent magnet. However, in order to form a large electrode catalyst layer with a strong magnetic field strength, the magnetic field generation space should be widened. Is preferred.
For example, a method using an electromagnet or a superconducting magnet can be used.
The maximum magnetic flux density of the magnetic field generator is preferably 0.1 Tesla or more, more preferably 2 Tesla or more.
In particular, when using a superconducting magnet, the temperature of the magnetic field generation space is not stabilized due to the cooling effect of the superconducting coil. Therefore, it is desirable to cool the superconducting coil by circulating water from a thermostat through a glass double tube. .
電極触媒層の形成方法としては、ディッピング法やスクリーン印刷法、ロールコーティング法、スプレー法などの塗布法を用いることができる。
中でもスプレー法は、基材に塗工されたインキを乾燥させる際に触媒担持カーボンの凝集が起こり難く、均質で空孔率の高い電極触媒層が得ることができる。
As a method for forming the electrode catalyst layer, a coating method such as a dipping method, a screen printing method, a roll coating method, or a spray method can be used.
In particular, the spray method makes it possible to obtain an electrode catalyst layer that is homogeneous and has a high porosity, since the catalyst-carrying carbon hardly aggregates when the ink applied to the substrate is dried.
本発明では、強磁性体と弱磁性体によってパターン状に構成された基材上に、ガス拡散層もしくはプロトン伝導性固体高分子膜を配置して、触媒インクを基材に直接塗布することに特徴がある。 In the present invention, a gas diffusion layer or a proton conductive solid polymer film is disposed on a substrate configured in a pattern by a ferromagnetic material and a weak magnetic material, and the catalyst ink is directly applied to the substrate. There are features.
プロトン伝導性固体高分子膜上に触媒インク層を形成する方法として、基材上に配置した転写シートに電極触媒層を形成後、ガス拡散層もしくはプロトン伝導性固体高分子膜に電極触媒層を転写する方法を用いてもよい。 As a method for forming a catalyst ink layer on a proton conductive solid polymer membrane, an electrode catalyst layer is formed on a transfer sheet placed on a substrate, and then an electrode catalyst layer is formed on a gas diffusion layer or a proton conductive solid polymer membrane. A transfer method may be used.
また、本発明では、基材内における強磁性体の濃度が面方向に傾斜を持っていることに特徴がある。 Further, the present invention is characterized in that the concentration of the ferromagnetic material in the base material has an inclination in the plane direction.
磁気力を利用して電極触媒層中の物質移動を促進させる基材として、強磁性体と弱磁性体で構成された基材を用いることができる。 As a base material that promotes mass transfer in the electrode catalyst layer using magnetic force, a base material composed of a ferromagnetic material and a weak magnetic material can be used.
強磁性体は、磁性が強い材料ほど基材表面から離れても不均一な磁束密度分布を維持することが可能である。
強磁性体としては、ＦｅやＮｉ、Ｃｏなどが挙げられる。
また、弱磁性体としては、磁場と全く相互作用を起こさない物質を用いることができ、アルミやガラス、ガラス、紙、プラスチックなどを用いることができる。
Ferromagnetic materials can maintain a non-uniform magnetic flux density distribution even when they are farther from the substrate surface as the magnetism is stronger.
Examples of the ferromagnetic material include Fe, Ni, and Co.
As the weak magnetic material, a substance that does not interact with the magnetic field at all can be used, and aluminum, glass, glass, paper, plastic, or the like can be used.
基材としては、強磁性体と弱磁性体がパターン構造となっているものを用いることができる。
例えば、弱磁性体の母材に強磁性体が規則的に埋め込まれた基材や、強磁性体と弱磁性体が市松模様に配置された基材、強磁性体の母材に弱磁性体が規則的に埋め込まれた基材などである。
As the substrate, a substrate in which a ferromagnetic material and a weak magnetic material have a pattern structure can be used.
For example, a base material in which ferromagnetic materials are regularly embedded in a weak magnetic base material, a base material in which ferromagnetic materials and weak magnetic materials are arranged in a checkered pattern, or a weak magnetic material in a ferromagnetic base material Are regularly embedded substrates.
強磁性体の濃度を電極触媒層の面方向に傾斜を変える方法としては、上記の基材を斜めに研磨する方法を用いることができる。
基材の厚みが薄いと強磁性体で磁束密度を高める効果が低いので、磁束密度分布が基材表面からすぐに均一になる。
基材の厚みは１００ｎｍ以上であることが好ましく、さらに好ましくは１ｍｍ以上が好ましい。
強磁性体パターンの幅は、広すぎると電極触媒層の傾斜配置の効果がなくなり、狭すぎると基材表面から磁束密度分布がすぐに均一になってしまうので、１００ｎｍ〜１０ｍｍが好ましい。
As a method of changing the concentration of the ferromagnetic material in the surface direction of the electrode catalyst layer, a method of polishing the above-mentioned substrate obliquely can be used.
If the thickness of the substrate is thin, the effect of increasing the magnetic flux density with the ferromagnetic material is low, so that the magnetic flux density distribution becomes uniform immediately from the substrate surface.
The thickness of the substrate is preferably 100 nm or more, more preferably 1 mm or more.
If the width of the ferromagnetic pattern is too wide, the effect of the inclined arrangement of the electrode catalyst layer is lost, and if it is too narrow, the magnetic flux density distribution becomes uniform immediately from the substrate surface, so 100 nm to 10 mm is preferable.
ガス拡散材としては、ガス拡散性と導電性とを有する物を用いることができ、カーボンペーパー又はカーボンクロス等が使用できる。 As the gas diffusion material, a material having gas diffusibility and conductivity can be used, and carbon paper, carbon cloth, or the like can be used.
触媒インクをガス拡散材に塗布する前に、ガス拡散層上に目処層を形成させてもよい。
目処層は、触媒インクがガス拡散層の中に染み込むことを防止する層であり、触媒インクの塗布量が少ない場合でも、触媒インクを電極上に堆積させることができ、三相界面の形成を容易にする。
目処層の形成方法としては、カーボンとフッ素系樹脂を混練してガス拡散財に塗布した後、フッ素系樹脂の融点以上の温度で焼結させる方法を用いることができる。
フッ素系樹脂としては、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン（ＰＴＦＥ）等が利用できる。
Before applying the catalyst ink to the gas diffusion material, a target layer may be formed on the gas diffusion layer.
The target layer is a layer that prevents the catalyst ink from penetrating into the gas diffusion layer, and even when the amount of the catalyst ink applied is small, the catalyst ink can be deposited on the electrode, thereby forming a three-phase interface. make it easier.
As a method for forming the target layer, a method in which carbon and a fluorine-based resin are kneaded and applied to a gas diffusion article, and then sintered at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the fluorine-based resin can be used.
As the fluororesin, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or the like can be used.
転写シートの材料としては、ＰＴＦＥやポリエチレンテレフタレート（ＰＥＴ）などを用いることができる。 As a material for the transfer sheet, PTFE, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), or the like can be used.
磁束密度分布のある磁場内において触媒インクを基材に塗布する工程では、磁気力起因の物質移動が安定するまで一定時間エージングすることが好ましい。
エージングが短すぎると物質移動が不十分となり、長すぎると成膜レートが遅くなるので、エージング時間は０．１秒〜１分が好ましい。
In the step of applying the catalyst ink to the substrate in a magnetic field having a magnetic flux density distribution, aging is preferably performed for a certain period of time until the mass transfer due to the magnetic force is stabilized.
If the aging is too short, the mass transfer becomes insufficient. If the aging is too long, the film forming rate becomes slow. Therefore, the aging time is preferably from 0.1 second to 1 minute.
触媒インクを基材に積層する方法としては、基材の温度を２０℃〜１２０℃とした状態にて、触媒インクを基材に塗布しながら触媒インク中の溶媒を蒸発させる方法を用いることができる。
２０〜１２０℃に加熱した基材に触媒インクを塗布することによって、触媒インク中の溶媒を塗布直後に乾燥させるこができ、よって、塗布後の触媒担持カーボンの凝集を防止でき、よって、電極触媒層の空孔度を向上させることができる。
基材表面が２０℃未満である場合は、触媒インク中の溶媒を瞬時に乾燥させる効果が低い。また、基材表面が１２０℃を越えると、触媒インクの乾燥ムラが発生することが懸念される。
As a method of laminating the catalyst ink on the substrate, a method of evaporating the solvent in the catalyst ink while applying the catalyst ink to the substrate while the temperature of the substrate is 20 ° C. to 120 ° C. is used. it can.
By applying the catalyst ink to the substrate heated to 20 to 120 ° C., the solvent in the catalyst ink can be dried immediately after the application, and thus the aggregation of the catalyst-supported carbon after the application can be prevented. The porosity of the catalyst layer can be improved.
When the substrate surface is below 20 ° C., the effect of instantly drying the solvent in the catalyst ink is low. Further, when the surface of the substrate exceeds 120 ° C., there is a concern that uneven drying of the catalyst ink occurs.
（触媒インクの調整）
まず、白金担持量が４５ｗｔ％である白金担持カーボン触媒と、市販のプロトン伝導性物質（デュポン社製、ナフィオン）溶液を溶媒中で混合し、遊星型ボールミル（ＦＲＩＴＳＣＨ社製 Ｐｕｌｖｅｒｉｓｅｔｔｅ７）で分散処理を行った。
ボールミルのポット、ボールにはジルコニア製のものを用いた。
出発原料の組成比は、白金担持カーボン触媒とナフィオンは重量比で２：１、溶媒は１０ｗｔ％塩化マンガン水溶液、１−プロパノ−ル、２−プロパノ−ルを体積比で１：１：１とした。
触媒インクの固形分含有量は１０ｗｔ％とした。
(Catalyst ink adjustment)
First, a platinum-supported carbon catalyst having a platinum loading of 45 wt% and a commercially available proton conductive material (DuPont, Nafion) solution are mixed in a solvent, and dispersed with a planetary ball mill (FRITSCH Corporation Pulverisete 7). went.
Ball mill pots and balls made of zirconia were used.
The composition ratio of the starting materials is as follows: platinum supported carbon catalyst and Nafion are 2: 1 by weight, solvent is 10 wt% manganese chloride aqueous solution, 1-propanol, 2-propanol is 1: 1: 1 by volume. did.
The solid content of the catalyst ink was 10 wt%.
（基材）
本実施例で用いた基材の模式図を図２に示す。
厚みが１ｍｍのアルミ（弱磁性体）と、厚みが１ｍｍの鉄（強磁性体）を積層し、図２にように１ｍｍから１０ｍｍに厚みが傾斜するように研磨した。
(Base material)
A schematic diagram of the substrate used in this example is shown in FIG.
Aluminum (weak magnetic material) having a thickness of 1 mm and iron (ferromagnetic material) having a thickness of 1 mm were laminated and polished so that the thickness was inclined from 1 mm to 10 mm as shown in FIG.
（酸化剤極の作製）
まず、磁場発生装置に磁場強度１０テスラを発生する超伝導マグネットを使用し、磁場発生空間内に２５℃の水を循環させたガラス二重管を固定した。
カーボンペーパーを基材上に配置し、磁場強度１０テスラを印加した状態で、調整した触媒インキを加圧式スプレーでカーボンペーパーに塗布し、乾燥して酸化剤極を作製した。電極触媒層の厚さは、白金担持量が０．３ｍｇ／ｃｍ２であった。
(Preparation of oxidizer electrode)
First, a superconducting magnet that generates a magnetic field strength of 10 Tesla was used in the magnetic field generator, and a glass double tube in which water at 25 ° C. was circulated in the magnetic field generation space was fixed.
With the carbon paper placed on the substrate and a magnetic field strength of 10 Tesla applied, the adjusted catalyst ink was applied to the carbon paper with a pressure spray and dried to produce an oxidizer electrode. As for the thickness of the electrode catalyst layer, the amount of platinum supported was 0.3 mg / cm 2 .
（燃料極の作製）
触媒インクに塩化マンガンを添加しなかったこと以外は、空気極と同様の方法を用いて、燃料極を作製した。
(Fabrication of fuel electrode)
A fuel electrode was produced using the same method as the air electrode except that manganese chloride was not added to the catalyst ink.
（ＭＥＡの作製）
燃料極および酸化剤極の触媒層どうしを向かい合わせにして、厚さ５０μｍのパーフルオロカーボンスルホン酸（デュポン株式会社製、Ｎａｆｉｏｎ１１２）を挟んで、温度１３０℃、圧力５．９×１０６Ｐａの条件の基、３０分間熱圧着してＭＥＡを作製した。
(Production of MEA)
A condition of a temperature of 130 ° C. and a pressure of 5.9 × 10 6 Pa with the catalyst layer of the fuel electrode and the oxidant electrode facing each other and sandwiching perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid having a thickness of 50 μm (manufactured by DuPont, Nafion 112) The MEA was manufactured by thermocompression bonding for 30 minutes.
＜比較例＞
（触媒インクの調整）
実施例記載と同様の出発原料組成、分散方法で触媒インクを調整した。
（基材）
実施例記載と同様の基材を使用した。
（電極の作製）
超伝導マグネットを稼動させず、それ以外は全て実施例記載と同様に電極触媒層の作製を行った。
<Comparative example>
(Catalyst ink adjustment)
A catalyst ink was prepared by the same starting material composition and dispersion method as described in the examples.
(Base material)
The same substrate as described in the examples was used.
(Production of electrodes)
The electrode catalyst layer was prepared in the same manner as described in the examples except that the superconducting magnet was not operated.
（ＭＥＡの作製）
燃料極および酸化剤極の触媒層どうしを向かい合わせにして、厚さ５０μｍのパーフルオロカーボンスルホン酸（デュポン株式会社製、Ｎａｆｉｏｎ１１２）を挟んで、温度１３０℃、圧力５．９×１０６Ｐａの条件の基、３０分間熱圧着してＭＥＡを作製した。
(Production of MEA)
A condition of a temperature of 130 ° C. and a pressure of 5.9 × 10 6 Pa with the catalyst layer of the fuel electrode and the oxidant electrode facing each other and sandwiching perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid having a thickness of 50 μm (manufactured by DuPont, Nafion 112) The MEA was manufactured by thermocompression bonding for 30 minutes.
（元素分析）
実施例で作製した電極触媒層の断面の元素分析を行った。
その結果、基材の強磁性体が薄い箇所では、厚い箇所よりもＰｔリッチになっていた。
また、電極触媒層におけるＰｔ濃度の変化は、電極触媒層の面方向に連続的に傾斜していた。
（図３に本発明による電極触媒層の模式的断面図を示した。）
(Elemental analysis)
Elemental analysis of the cross section of the electrode catalyst layer produced in the example was performed.
As a result, the portion where the ferromagnetic material of the substrate was thin was richer in Pt than the thick portion.
Further, the change in the Pt concentration in the electrode catalyst layer was continuously inclined in the surface direction of the electrode catalyst layer.
(FIG. 3 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the electrode catalyst layer according to the present invention.)
（発電特性）
実施例で作製したＭＥＡおよび比較例で作製したＭＥＡをセパレータで挟持し、これを燃料電池測定装置（東陽テクニカ社製ＧＦＴ−ＳＧ１）を用いて、セル温度８０℃、アノード加湿器８０℃、カソード加湿器５０℃の条件下で、燃料ガスとして水素を、酸化剤ガスとして酸素を流して、発電特性の評価を行った。
実施例で作製した電極触媒層は、酸化剤ガス上流部にＰｔリッチ側が来る方向に配置して発電特性の評価を行った。
実施例で作製したＭＥＡの方が、比較例で作製したＭＥＡよりも発電特性が優れていた。
(Power generation characteristics)
The MEA produced in the example and the MEA produced in the comparative example were sandwiched between separators, and the cell temperature was 80 ° C., anode humidifier 80 ° C., cathode using a fuel cell measurement device (GFT-SG1 manufactured by Toyo Corporation). The power generation characteristics were evaluated by flowing hydrogen as a fuel gas and oxygen as an oxidant gas under the condition of a humidifier at 50 ° C.
The electrode catalyst layer produced in the example was placed in the direction in which the Pt rich side comes to the upstream portion of the oxidant gas, and the power generation characteristics were evaluated.
The MEA produced in the example was superior in power generation characteristics to the MEA produced in the comparative example.
本発明の、セパレータおよびその製造方法、並びに、それを用いた燃料電池は、電気自動車用電源、家庭用発電システム、携帯電話などのモバイル機器用電源等に用いる固体高分子型燃料電池、アルカリ型燃料電池、硫酸型燃料電池、リン酸型燃料電池、溶融炭酸塩型燃料電池、固体酸化物型燃料電池に利用できる。 Separator, manufacturing method thereof, and fuel cell using the same according to the present invention include a polymer electrolyte fuel cell used for a power source for an electric vehicle, a power generation system for home use, a mobile device such as a mobile phone, an alkaline type, etc. It can be used for fuel cells, sulfuric acid fuel cells, phosphoric acid fuel cells, molten carbonate fuel cells, and solid oxide fuel cells.
１・・・電極触媒層
２・・・ガス拡散層
３・・・強磁性体と弱磁性体で構成される基材
１１・・・強磁性体
１２・・・弱磁性体
２１・・・プロトン伝導性物質
２２・・・触媒担持カーボン
２３・・・鉄
２４・・・アルミ
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Electrode catalyst layer 2 ... Gas diffusion layer 3 ... Base material 11 comprised with a ferromagnetic body and a weak magnetic body 11 ... Ferromagnetic body 12 ... Weak magnetic body 21 ... Proton Conductive material 22 ... catalyst-supporting carbon 23 ... iron 24 ... aluminum
Claims (12)
前記触媒インク塗布工程、および、溶媒蒸発工程の少なくとも１つの工程を、磁束密度分布を有する磁場内で行うことを特徴とする固体高分子型燃料電池用電極触媒層の製造方法。 A catalyst ink coating step of coating a catalyst-supporting carbon and a catalyst ink in which a proton conductive material is dispersed in a solvent on a planar substrate; and evaporating the solvent in the catalyst ink, A method for producing an electrode catalyst layer for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell having a solvent evaporation step of forming an electrode catalyst layer on the electrode,
A method for producing an electrode catalyst layer for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, wherein at least one of the catalyst ink application step and the solvent evaporation step is performed in a magnetic field having a magnetic flux density distribution.
前記電極触媒層中の前記触媒担持カーボン粒子の濃度が、前記電極触媒層の面方向に傾斜していることを特徴とする固体高分子型燃料電池用電極触媒層。 The electrode catalyst for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein an electrode catalyst layer having catalyst-carrying carbon particles and a proton conductive material is formed on a gas diffusion material. An electrode catalyst layer for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell produced using the method for producing a layer,
The electrode catalyst layer for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, wherein the concentration of the catalyst-supporting carbon particles in the electrode catalyst layer is inclined in the surface direction of the electrode catalyst layer.
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| JP2008078020A (en) * | 2006-09-22 | 2008-04-03 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | Electrode catalyst layer for polymer electrolyte fuel cell, its manufacturing method, and polymer electrolyte fuel cell |
| JP2008192539A (en) * | 2007-02-07 | 2008-08-21 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | Electrode catalyst layer and its manufacturing method, mea (electrolyte membrane electrode assembly) made by using above, as well as solid polymer fuel cell |
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| JP2008078075A (en) * | 2006-09-25 | 2008-04-03 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | Electrode catalyst layer for polymer electrolyte fuel cell, its manufacturing method, and polymer electrolyte fuel cell |
| JP2008192539A (en) * | 2007-02-07 | 2008-08-21 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | Electrode catalyst layer and its manufacturing method, mea (electrolyte membrane electrode assembly) made by using above, as well as solid polymer fuel cell |
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