JP2006283124A - Abrasion resistant aluminum alloy for cold forging - Google Patents
Abrasion resistant aluminum alloy for cold forging Download PDFInfo
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本発明は、押出性、鍛造性および機械的性質がすぐれた耐磨耗性冷間鍛造用アルミニウム合金に関する。 The present invention relates to an aluminum alloy for wear-resistant cold forging having excellent extrudability, forgeability and mechanical properties.
たとえば、自動車エンジン用のピストンやシリンダー等の鍛造部品に要求される軽量性および耐磨耗性のような材料特性を有する素材としては、耐磨耗性のある冷間鍛造用のアルミニウム合金が使用されている。よく知られているこの種合金には、Ａｌ−Ｓｉ共晶合金（ＪＩＳ・Ａ４０３２）および過共晶合金（アルジル、ＪＩＳ・Ａ３９０）のふたつのタイプがあるが、つぎのような問題がある。 For example, aluminum materials for cold forging with wear resistance are used as materials having material characteristics such as light weight and wear resistance required for forged parts such as pistons and cylinders for automobile engines. Has been. There are two types of such well-known alloys, Al-Si eutectic alloy (JIS A4032) and hypereutectic alloy (Alzil, JIS A390), but they have the following problems.
Ａ４０３２の共晶合金は、鍛造性はよいが、押出し加工が困難であり、しかも材料の耐磨耗性および引張り強さが劣る。また、Ａ３９０の過共晶合金は、耐磨耗性はよいが、鍛造性、引っ張り強さおよび疲労強度が劣り、押出しも困難である。 The A4032 eutectic alloy has good forgeability, but is difficult to extrude, and is inferior in wear resistance and tensile strength of the material. Further, the A390 hypereutectic alloy has good wear resistance, but has poor forgeability, tensile strength and fatigue strength, and is difficult to extrude.
これらのＡｌ−Ｓｉ合金とはべつに、下記特許文献は、改良されたアルミニウム合金を提案するが、いずれも冷間鍛造性がよくないため、冷間鍛造法によりアルミニウム合金を製造する場合には実用性に欠ける。特許文献１は、Ａｌ−Ｓｉ（シルミン）共晶合金が鋳造適正に欠ける点に注目し、Ｍｇ、Mｎ、W、Ｔｉ等の合金元素を添加し、大型鋳造品の製造を可能にしようとしている。また、特許文献２は、軽量、高温強度、熱伝導および耐磨耗性を満足させるピストン用のＡＣ８Ｂ系のアルミニウム合金に、Ｍｎを添加するが、Ｎｉなしの材料を提案している。さらに、別の特許文献３は、耐磨耗性および熱間鍛造性に優れたアルミニウム合金を提案しているが、高温強度および耐磨耗性を重視し、Cu、Fe、Mn等の合金元素を多く添加している。 In contrast to these Al-Si alloys, the following patent documents propose improved aluminum alloys, but none of them has good cold forgeability, so it is practical when producing aluminum alloys by the cold forging method. Lack of sex. Patent document 1 pays attention to the point that an Al-Si (silmine) eutectic alloy lacks in casting suitability, and is adding alloy elements, such as Mg, Mn, W, and Ti, and is going to enable manufacture of a large sized cast product. . Patent Document 2 proposes a material without Ni, although Mn is added to an AC8B-based aluminum alloy for pistons that satisfies light weight, high-temperature strength, heat conduction, and wear resistance. Further, another patent document 3 proposes an aluminum alloy excellent in wear resistance and hot forgeability, but places importance on high-temperature strength and wear resistance, and alloy elements such as Cu, Fe, and Mn. A lot of is added.
しかし、これらのアルミニウム合金は、いずれも冷間鍛造性がよくないか、あるいはこの点についての進歩した改良がなされていないので、当業界で要求度がますます高まって来ている耐磨耗性があり、しかも冷間鍛造性のよいアルミニウム合金の提供に対応できない。
本発明は、したがって、機械的性質および耐磨耗性にすぐれたアルミニウム合金であって、押出し性および冷間鍛造性のよい合金材の提供を課題とする。 Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an aluminum alloy that is excellent in mechanical properties and wear resistance and has good extrudability and cold forgeability.
本発明は、上記課題を解決するために、
（１）Ｓｉ：７．５〜１１．７ｗｔ％、Ｃｕ：１．０〜３．２ｗｔ％、Ｍｇ：０．１５〜１．０ｗｔ％およびＦｅ：０．０５〜０．５ｗｔ％を含有し、残部がＡｌおよび不可避の不純物から成り、Ｓｉ系晶出物の平均粒径が１．０μｍ〜２．０μｍおよび同晶出物の面積率が８％〜１５％の合金組織を有することを特徴とする耐磨耗性冷間鍛造用アルミニウム合金、
（２）Ｃｒ、Ｍｎ、ＺｒまたはＶの１種または２種以上をそれぞれ０．０５〜０．２５ｗｔ％の範囲で追加的に含有することを特徴とする上記（１）に記載された耐磨耗性冷間鍛造用アルミニウム合金、
（３）Ｔｉ：０．００３〜０．２ｗｔ％を追加的に含有することを特徴とする上記（１）又は（２）に記載された耐磨耗性冷間鍛造用アルミニウム合金、
（４）Ｎｉ：０．３〜２ｗｔ％を追加的に含有することを特徴とする上記（１）〜（３）に記載された耐磨耗性冷間鍛造用アルミニウム合金、
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention
(1) Si: 7.5 to 11.7 wt%, Cu: 1.0 to 3.2 wt%, Mg: 0.15 to 1.0 wt% and Fe: 0.05 to 0.5 wt%, The balance is composed of Al and inevitable impurities, and has an alloy structure in which the average grain size of Si-based crystals is 1.0 μm to 2.0 μm and the area ratio of the crystals is 8% to 15%. Wear-resistant aluminum alloy for cold forging,
(2) One or more of Cr, Mn, Zr or V is additionally contained in the range of 0.05 to 0.25 wt%, respectively, and the abrasion resistance described in (1) above Wear-resistant aluminum alloy for cold forging,
(3) The aluminum alloy for wear-resistant cold forging as described in (1) or (2) above, wherein Ti: 0.003 to 0.2 wt% is additionally contained,
(4) The aluminum alloy for wear-resistant cold forging as described in (1) to (3) above, further comprising Ni: 0.3 to 2 wt%,
本発明は、上記の合金組成としたことを特徴とするので、前記のＡ４０３２共晶合金よりも耐磨耗性を向上する効果があり、同時に前記のＡ３９０過共晶合金の弱点を克服する効果がある。すなわち、本発明合金の機械的性質はもとより、押出し性および冷間鍛造性が同Ａ３９０合金より確実に改善される。 Since the present invention is characterized by the above alloy composition, it has the effect of improving the wear resistance as compared with the A4032 eutectic alloy, and at the same time, the effect of overcoming the weaknesses of the A390 hypereutectic alloy. There is. That is, not only the mechanical properties of the alloy of the present invention but also the extrudability and cold forgeability are surely improved as compared with the A390 alloy.
本発明の耐磨耗性冷間鍛造用アルミニウム合金は、Ｓｉ：７．５〜１１．７ｗｔ％、Ｃｕ：１．０〜３．２ｗｔ％、Ｍｇ：０．１５〜１．０ｗｔ％およびＦｅ：０．０５〜０．５ｗｔ％を必須成分として含有する点が基本的特徴である。なお、不可避の不純物が許容されるのはいうまでもない。 The wear-resistant aluminum alloy for cold forging of the present invention has Si: 7.5 to 11.7 wt%, Cu: 1.0 to 3.2 wt%, Mg: 0.15 to 1.0 wt%, and Fe: The basic feature is that 0.05 to 0.5 wt% is contained as an essential component. Needless to say, inevitable impurities are allowed.
まず、Ｓｉは合金材に耐磨耗性を与えるために不可欠であり、７．５ｗｔ％未満ではその作用効果が期待できない。１１．７ｗｔ％を超えて含有すると、多量の初晶Ｓｉを生成して合金の鍛造性および機械的性質、とくに靭性および疲労強度が悪化する。 First, Si is indispensable for imparting wear resistance to the alloy material, and if it is less than 7.5 wt%, its effect cannot be expected. When the content exceeds 11.7 wt%, a large amount of primary crystal Si is generated, and the forgeability and mechanical properties, particularly toughness and fatigue strength of the alloy are deteriorated.
Ｃｕは合金の機械的性質を向上するとともに、焼付を防止して耐磨耗性を向上し、１．０ｗｔ％未満ではこの作用効果が少なく、３．２ｗｔ％以上の含有は、鍛造性を阻害する。 Cu improves the mechanical properties of the alloy and prevents seizure and improves wear resistance. This effect is less than 1.0 wt%, and inclusion of 3.2 wt% or more inhibits forgeability. To do.
Ｍｇは合金の機械的性質を向上するとともに、析出物Ｍｇ2Ｓｉを生成して合金に耐磨耗性を与えるが、０．１５ｗｔ％未満ではこの作用効果が少なく、１．０ｗｔ％を超えると、合金の押出し性および鍛造性を阻害する。 Mg improves the mechanical properties of the alloy and generates precipitate Mg 2 Si to give the alloy wear resistance. However, if it is less than 0.15 wt%, this effect is small, and if it exceeds 1.0 wt% Inhibits the extrudability and forgeability of the alloy.
最後に、Ｆｅは合金中における微細な共晶およびＳｉ系析出物の生成を促進し、合金の耐磨耗性を向上するが、０．０５ｗｔ％未満ではこの作用効果が少なく、１．０ｗｔ％を超えると、巨大化合物（Ａｌ-Ｆｅ-Ｓｉ）を生成して合金の機械的性質を劣化するので、０．５ｗｔ％を超えないように限定した。 Finally, Fe promotes the formation of fine eutectic and Si-based precipitates in the alloy and improves the wear resistance of the alloy. However, if it is less than 0.05 wt%, this effect is small, and 1.0 wt% If it exceeds 1, the large compound (Al—Fe—Si) is produced and the mechanical properties of the alloy are deteriorated. Therefore, it is limited not to exceed 0.5 wt%.
上記４種の合金元素は、本発明のアルミニウム合金に必須の基本成分であるが、Ｃｒ、Ｍｎ、ＺｒまたはＶの１種もしくは２種以上を、０．０５〜０．２５ｗｔ％の範囲で追加的に含有させることができる。すなわち、ＣｒおよびＶは、合金にさらに耐磨耗性を与えるが、０．０５ｗｔ％未満では、期待できる作用効果が得られず、０．２５ｗｔ％を超えると、粗大化合物（CrAl7など）を生成し機械的性質を低下させる。 The above four kinds of alloy elements are essential basic components for the aluminum alloy of the present invention, but one or more of Cr, Mn, Zr or V is added in the range of 0.05 to 0.25 wt%. Can be included. That is, Cr and V further give wear resistance to the alloy. However, if it is less than 0.05 wt%, an expected effect cannot be obtained, and if it exceeds 0.25 wt%, a coarse compound (CrAl 7 or the like) is not obtained. Generate and reduce mechanical properties.
また、ＭｎおよびＺｒは、合金の熱処理時に形成する組織の粗大化を抑制するが、０．０５ｗｔ％未満では、この作用効果が少なく、０．２５ｗｔ％を超えると、粗大化合物（Ａｌ-Ｍｎ-Ｓｉなど）を形成し、合金の機械的性質を低下する。 Further, Mn and Zr suppress the coarsening of the structure formed during the heat treatment of the alloy. However, when the amount is less than 0.05 wt%, this effect is small. When the amount exceeds 0.25 wt%, the coarse compound (Al—Mn— Si), etc., and reduce the mechanical properties of the alloy.
本発明は、上記４種の必須の基本成分Ｓｉ、Ｃｕ、ＭｇおよびＦｅに加えて、Ｔｉを０．００３〜０．２ｗｔ％の範囲で追加的に含有させることができる。Ｔｉは合金材の熱処理時に形成する組織の粗大化を有効に抑制するが、０．００３ｗｔ％未満ではそのような作用効果が期待できず、０．２ｗｔ％を超えると同作用が飽和するので無用である。 In the present invention, in addition to the four essential basic components Si, Cu, Mg and Fe, Ti can be additionally contained in the range of 0.003 to 0.2 wt%. Ti effectively suppresses the coarsening of the structure formed during heat treatment of the alloy material. However, if it is less than 0.003 wt%, such an effect cannot be expected, and if it exceeds 0.2 wt%, the same action is saturated, so it is unnecessary. It is.
また、本発明は、さらにＮｉを０．３〜２ｗｔ％の範囲で追加的に含有させることができる。Ｎｉは本発明のアルミニウム合金材を、たとえば２００℃以上の高温条件下で使用するような場合に、耐熱性すなわち高温強度を与えるように機能し、０．３ｗｔ％未満ではこの作用効果が期待できず、２ｗｔ％を超えると同作用は飽和する。さらに、Ｎｉは合金中にＡｌ−Ｃｕ−Ｎｉ化合物およびＡｌ３Ｎｉ化合物を生成し、合金に耐磨耗性を与える機能をも合わせ持つが、本機能も０．３ｗｔ％未満では効果が少なく、２ｗｔ％を超えると上記化合物が粗大化して耐磨耗性の効果を減殺する。 In the present invention, Ni can be additionally contained in the range of 0.3 to 2 wt%. Ni functions to provide heat resistance, that is, high-temperature strength when the aluminum alloy material of the present invention is used under a high temperature condition of, for example, 200 ° C. or higher, and this effect can be expected at less than 0.3 wt%. In addition, when the amount exceeds 2 wt%, the same action is saturated. Furthermore, Ni has an Al-Cu-Ni compound and an Al3Ni compound in the alloy, and also has a function of imparting wear resistance to the alloy. However, this function is less effective if it is less than 0.3 wt%, and 2 wt%. Exceeding this causes the above-mentioned compound to become coarse and reduces the effect of wear resistance.
本発明は、上記成分に加えて、Ｂ、Ｍｏ、Ｃｏ、Ｓｂ、Ｎｂ、ＰｂもしくはＢｉの１種もしくは２種以上を０．５ｗｔ％以下またはＺｎを１ｗｔ％以下含有させることにより、合金の耐磨耗性を補うことができるので、仕様に応じてこの成分にしてよい。 In addition to the above components, the present invention contains 0.5 wt% or less of B, Mo, Co, Sb, Nb, Pb, or Bi, or 0.5 wt% or less or Zn of 1 wt% or less. Since the wear resistance can be compensated, this component may be used according to the specification.
本発明の耐磨耗性冷間鍛造用アルミニウム合金は、成分面で既述のとおりであるが、合金組織の面から、Ｓｉ系晶出物の平均粒径を１．０μｍ〜２．０μｍ、またその面積率を８％〜１５％の範囲になるような限定された合金組織に制御する必要がある。こうした組織とすることによって、アルミニウム合金の耐磨耗性および機械的性質はさらに一層改善される。このためには、既述した成分の合金材を連続鋳造により棒材とし、これを適当な条件下で溶体化処理後水冷し、さらに熱処理することにより、容易に上記組織を有する高品質の合金材を得ることができる。なお、Ｓｉ系晶出物とは共晶Ｓｉ、Ｆｅ−Ｓｉ、Ｃｒ−Ｓｉ、Ｍｎ−Ｓｉ、Ｚｒ−Ｓｉ、Ｍｇ−Ｓｉ等の金属間化合物のことである。
（実施例）
本発明の実施例合金を表１に、また比較例の合金を表２にそれぞれ示すが、比較例の合金は、各合金成分の含有量を合理的に本発明の規定範囲から外した配合成分として、その性能を本発明と比較することにした。各合金は、１．０℃／ｓｅｃ以上の冷却速度で連続鋳造してφ３０ｍｍの鋳造棒を製作し、これを４９０℃×１ｈｒの溶体化処理後水冷し、１８０℃×６時間の熱処理をほどこして試験片とした。ここで、冷間鍛造用試料のみ380℃×6hrの焼鈍処理を行なった。そして、各試験片について下記条件下で試験および評価をおこなった。
The aluminum alloy for wear-resistant cold forging of the present invention is as described above in terms of the components, but from the surface of the alloy structure, the average grain size of the Si-based crystallized material is 1.0 μm to 2.0 μm, Further, it is necessary to control the area ratio to a limited alloy structure so as to be in the range of 8% to 15%. By adopting such a structure, the wear resistance and mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy are further improved. For this purpose, a high-quality alloy having the above structure can be obtained easily by converting the alloy material of the above-described components into a rod by continuous casting, subjecting this to a solution treatment under appropriate conditions, water cooling, and further heat treatment. A material can be obtained. Note that the Si-based crystallized substances are intermetallic compounds such as eutectic Si, Fe-Si, Cr-Si, Mn-Si, Zr-Si, Mg-Si.
(Example)
Example alloys of the present invention are shown in Table 1, and alloys of comparative examples are shown in Table 2, respectively. In the alloys of comparative examples, the content of each alloy component is rationally excluded from the specified range of the present invention. As a result, the performance was compared with the present invention. Each alloy is continuously cast at a cooling rate of 1.0 ° C./sec or more to produce a φ30 mm cast rod, which is subjected to a solution treatment of 490 ° C. × 1 hr, water-cooled, and subjected to a heat treatment of 180 ° C. × 6 hours. A test piece was obtained. Here, only the sample for cold forging was annealed at 380 ° C. for 6 hours. Each test piece was tested and evaluated under the following conditions.
Ｓｉ系晶出物の平均粒径：断面ミクロ写真（７２．５ｍｍ×９４．５ｍｍ）の撮影をし、観察された全Ｓｉ系晶出物の平均粒径を測定し、その平均値を求めた。 Average particle diameter of Si-based crystallized material: A cross-sectional microphotograph (72.5 mm × 94.5 mm) was taken, the average particle diameter of all the Si-based crystallized materials observed was measured, and the average value was obtained. .
Ｓｉ系晶出物の面積：同ミクロ写真上のＳｉ系晶出物粒の全面積を測定し、そのマトリックス中の晶出物が占める面積の比率を表示した。 Area of Si-based crystallized product: The total area of Si-based crystallized particles on the microphotograph was measured, and the ratio of the area occupied by the crystallized product in the matrix was displayed.
Ｈｖ：試験片の断面をビッカース硬度計で計測した。 Hv: The cross section of the test piece was measured with a Vickers hardness tester.
耐磨耗性：大越式磨耗試験機により、磨耗速度１．０ｍ／秒および過重３．２ｋｇで試験し、試験片の比磨耗量（ｍｍ2／ｋｇ×１０2）で比較した。 Abrasion resistance: Tested at a wear rate of 1.0 m / sec and an overload of 3.2 kg with an Ogoshi type abrasion tester, and compared with the specific wear amount of the test piece (mm 2 / kg × 10 2 ).
冷間鍛造性：１０φ×２０ｈの焼鈍された試験片を冷間鍛造し、試験片の割れ状況をつぎの４段階に分けて評価した。 Cold forgeability: An annealed test piece of 10φ × 20 h was cold forged, and the cracking condition of the test piece was divided into the following four stages and evaluated.
１．加工率４０％まで割れが発生しないもの ◎
２．加工率３５％まで割れず、４０％で割れる ○
３．加工率３０％まで割れず、３５％で割れる △
４．加工率３０％で割れる ×
（表３）から明らかなように、合金成分はもとより、Ｓｉ系晶出物の平均粒径および面積率も前記数値範囲に属するように調整された本発明の実施例になるアルミニウム合金Ｎｏ．１〜２２は、機械的性質ならびに冷間鍛造性が一様にすぐれている。すなわち、いずれも硬度は満足すべき範囲におさまり、同時に耐磨耗性は、比磨耗量が１４から１６のよい範囲に収斂して満足できるし、また冷間鍛造性は全試験片が４０％の加工率でも割れないでよく鍛造できている。
1. No cracking up to 40% processing rate ◎
2. It breaks by 40% without breaking up to a processing rate of 35%.
3. Breaks at 35% without breaking up to 30% processing rate
4). Divide by 30% processing rate ×
As apparent from Table 3, the alloy components as well as the average particle diameter and area ratio of the Si-based crystallized product were adjusted so as to belong to the above numerical range. Nos. 1 to 22 are excellent in mechanical properties and cold forgeability. In other words, the hardness falls within a satisfactory range, and at the same time, the wear resistance can be satisfied by converging the specific wear amount within a good range of 14 to 16, and the cold forgeability is 40% for all specimens. It is well forged without cracking even at a processing rate of.
本発明の実施になる試験片に対し、比較例の各試験片Ｎｏ．２３〜４３の場合は、Ｓｉ系晶出物の平均粒径および面積率がおおむね本発明の規定範囲に近似しているにもかかわらず、その合金成分が本発明を逸脱することから、冷間鍛造性が一様に不良である。 For the test pieces according to the present invention, each test piece No. In the case of 23 to 43, although the average grain size and area ratio of the Si-based crystallized product are approximately close to the specified range of the present invention, the alloy components deviate from the present invention. The forgeability is uniformly poor.
Claims (4)
The aluminum alloy for wear-resistant cold forging according to claim 1, further comprising Ni: 0.3 to 2 wt%.
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| JP2005104666A JP2006283124A (en) | 2005-03-31 | 2005-03-31 | Abrasion resistant aluminum alloy for cold forging |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106702226A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-05-24 | 重庆顺博铝合金股份有限公司 | Aluminum alloy used for preparing engine cylinder cover and preparation method for aluminum alloy |
| GB2553366A (en) * | 2016-09-06 | 2018-03-07 | Jaguar Land Rover Ltd | A casting alloy |
| GB2554449A (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2018-04-04 | Jaguar Land Rover Ltd | A casting alloy |
| CN109072354A (en) * | 2016-04-07 | 2018-12-21 | 戴姆勒股份公司 | Aluminium alloy for casting and the method that manufactures component with this aluminium alloy |
| CN110016593A (en) * | 2018-01-10 | 2019-07-16 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | Aluminium alloy and preparation method thereof |
| US20200002788A1 (en) * | 2017-03-09 | 2020-01-02 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Aluminum alloys |
| CN111705246A (en) * | 2020-07-04 | 2020-09-25 | 安徽恒明工程技术有限公司 | Aluminum alloy material for aluminum piston and processing method thereof |
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| CN109072354A (en) * | 2016-04-07 | 2018-12-21 | 戴姆勒股份公司 | Aluminium alloy for casting and the method that manufactures component with this aluminium alloy |
| JP2019516013A (en) * | 2016-04-07 | 2019-06-13 | ダイムラー・アクチェンゲゼルシャフトＤａｉｍｌｅｒ ＡＧ | Aluminum alloy especially for casting method and method for producing parts from such aluminum alloy |
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| US10927436B2 (en) * | 2017-03-09 | 2021-02-23 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Aluminum alloys |
| CN110016593A (en) * | 2018-01-10 | 2019-07-16 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | Aluminium alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN110016593B (en) * | 2018-01-10 | 2021-08-31 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | Aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN111705246A (en) * | 2020-07-04 | 2020-09-25 | 安徽恒明工程技术有限公司 | Aluminum alloy material for aluminum piston and processing method thereof |
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