JP2006260843A - Fuel cell power generator - Google Patents
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Abstract
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本発明は、燃料ガス中の硫黄分を常温で吸着除去するための常温吸着脱硫剤が充填された脱硫器を具備する燃料電池発電装置に関し、特には、常温吸着脱硫剤を再生することができる燃料電池発電装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a fuel cell power generator including a desulfurizer filled with a room temperature adsorption desulfurization agent for adsorbing and removing sulfur content in fuel gas at room temperature, and in particular, the room temperature adsorption desulfurization agent can be regenerated. The present invention relates to a fuel cell power generator.
一般に、燃料ガス中の硫黄分を常温で吸着除去するための常温吸着脱硫剤として、内部に無数の微細孔を有する多孔質で表面積の大きな活性炭やゼオライト系吸着剤等が用いられている。これらの常温吸着脱硫剤の反応温度は常温であり、また、物理吸着が支配的であるため、これらの常温吸着脱硫剤の吸着量は一般的にあまり多くない。そこで、寿命が長時間になるように脱硫器を設計しようとすると、例えば水添脱硫法（Ｎｉ−Ｍｏ系またはＣｏ−Ｍｏ系触媒の存在下、３５０〜４００℃にて燃料ガス中の有機硫黄を水添分解した後、生成するＨ２Ｓを３５０〜４００℃にてＺｎＯに化学的に吸着させて除去する脱硫法）などのような他の化学吸着脱硫法と比較すると、非常に多くの脱硫剤が必要になってしまう。一方、燃料電池発電装置のスペース的な制約から、脱硫器にはある限られた量しか常温吸着脱硫剤を充填することができず、そのため、従来の燃料電池発電装置では、一定の短い期間毎に常温吸着脱硫剤を交換するという運転方法がとられていた。 In general, as a room temperature adsorption desulfurization agent for adsorbing and removing sulfur content in fuel gas at room temperature, porous activated carbon having a large number of fine pores and a large surface area, a zeolite-based adsorbent, and the like are used. Since the reaction temperature of these room temperature adsorption desulfurization agents is room temperature and physical adsorption is dominant, the adsorption amount of these room temperature adsorption desulfurization agents is generally not so large. Therefore, if an attempt is made to design a desulfurizer so that the lifetime is long, for example, a hydrodesulfurization method (organic sulfur in fuel gas at 350 to 400 ° C. in the presence of a Ni—Mo or Co—Mo catalyst). Compared with other chemisorption desulfurization methods such as desulfurization method in which H 2 S produced after hydrogenolysis is removed by chemical adsorption to ZnO at 350 to 400 ° C. A desulfurizing agent is required. On the other hand, due to space limitations of the fuel cell power generation device, the desulfurizer can be filled with a limited amount of room temperature adsorption desulfurization agent. Therefore, in the conventional fuel cell power generation device, every certain short period of time is used. The operation method of replacing the room temperature adsorption desulfurization agent was taken.
図２は従来の燃料電池発電装置の概略構成図である。図２において、１は燃料ガス昇圧器、２は脱硫器、３は改質器、４は変成器、５はＣＯ除去器、６は燃料電池本体、７は改質器バーナ、８は空気予熱器、９は蒸気発生器、１０は燃焼空気ブロアを示している。１１は選択酸化反応用空気ブロア、１２は改質用水ポンプ、１３は電池冷却水ポンプ、１４は反応空気ブロア、１５は冷却水タンク、１６は第１燃料遮断弁を示している。 FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of a conventional fuel cell power generator. In FIG. 2, 1 is a fuel gas booster, 2 is a desulfurizer, 3 is a reformer, 4 is a transformer, 5 is a CO remover, 6 is a fuel cell body, 7 is a reformer burner, and 8 is an air preheater. , 9 is a steam generator, and 10 is a combustion air blower. 11 is a selective oxidation reaction air blower, 12 is a reforming water pump, 13 is a battery cooling water pump, 14 is a reaction air blower, 15 is a cooling water tank, and 16 is a first fuel cutoff valve.
図２に示すように、従来の燃料電池発電装置では、第１燃料遮断弁１６を通過せしめられた例えば都市ガスのような燃料ガスが、燃料ガス昇圧器１へ導入され、所定の圧力に昇圧される。昇圧された燃料ガスは、次いで、常温吸着脱硫剤が充填された脱硫器２へと導かれ、脱硫器２において燃料ガス中の硫黄分が吸着除去される。次いで、燃料ガスは、改質用蒸気と合流せしめられ、改質器３、変成器４、およびＣＯ除去器５を通過せしめられる間に改質されて水素リッチなガスとなり、燃料電池本体６へと導かれる。また、改質ガスは、ＣＯ除去器５へ導入される前に、選択酸化反応用空気ブロア１１から送り出された空気と混合せしめられる。 As shown in FIG. 2, in the conventional fuel cell power generator, fuel gas such as city gas passed through the first fuel cutoff valve 16 is introduced into the fuel gas booster 1 and boosted to a predetermined pressure. Is done. The pressurized fuel gas is then led to the desulfurizer 2 filled with the normal temperature adsorbing desulfurizing agent, and the sulfur content in the fuel gas is adsorbed and removed in the desulfurizer 2. Next, the fuel gas is merged with the reforming steam and reformed while being passed through the reformer 3, the transformer 4, and the CO remover 5, to become a hydrogen-rich gas, and to the fuel cell body 6. It is guided. Further, the reformed gas is mixed with the air sent out from the selective oxidation reaction air blower 11 before being introduced into the CO remover 5.
燃料電池本体６では、改質ガス中の水素が消費され、電気化学反応によって電気が作り出される。電気化学反応に寄与しなかった残りの改質ガスは、改質器バーナ７へと導かれる。一方、燃焼用空気は、燃焼空気ブロア１０から導入され、空気予熱器８で予熱され、改質器バーナ７へと導かれ、燃焼反応に寄与する。改質器バーナ７で燃焼された燃焼ガスは、その燃焼熱の一部を改質器３の反応熱として与えた後、改質器３から導出される。燃焼ガスは、残りのエネルギーを空気予熱器８で燃焼空気ブロア１０からの燃焼用空気に与え、続いて、蒸気発生器９で改質用水ポンプ１２から供給された改質用水に熱エネルギーを与えて蒸発させ、最終的に大気中に排気される。 In the fuel cell main body 6, hydrogen in the reformed gas is consumed, and electricity is produced by an electrochemical reaction. The remaining reformed gas that has not contributed to the electrochemical reaction is led to the reformer burner 7. On the other hand, combustion air is introduced from the combustion air blower 10, preheated by the air preheater 8, guided to the reformer burner 7, and contributes to the combustion reaction. The combustion gas burned by the reformer burner 7 is led out from the reformer 3 after giving a part of the combustion heat as reaction heat of the reformer 3. The combustion gas gives the remaining energy to the combustion air from the combustion air blower 10 by the air preheater 8, and then gives the heat energy to the reforming water supplied from the reforming water pump 12 by the steam generator 9. It is evaporated and finally exhausted to the atmosphere.
電池冷却水系統においては、冷却水タンク１５に保有された冷却水が、電池冷却水ポンプ１３によって循環せしめられ、燃料電池本体６へ送り込まれ、燃料電池本体６の排熱を回収し、燃料電池本体６の運転温度を一定に制御する。 In the battery cooling water system, the cooling water held in the cooling water tank 15 is circulated by the battery cooling water pump 13 and sent to the fuel cell main body 6 to recover the exhaust heat of the fuel cell main body 6, The operating temperature of the main body 6 is controlled to be constant.
また、燃料電池本体６での電気化学反応に必要な空気は、反応空気ブロア１４によって燃料電池本体６に送り込まれる。 Air necessary for the electrochemical reaction in the fuel cell body 6 is sent to the fuel cell body 6 by the reaction air blower 14.
図２に示した従来の燃料電池発電装置のように、常温吸着脱硫剤を採用して脱硫を行う場合には、上述したように比較的頻繁な脱硫剤の交換が必要になってしまう。にもかかわらず、常温吸着脱硫剤は値段が一般的に高価であり、また、交換のための工賃が発生してしまうため、燃料電池発電装置の使用者に金銭的な負担がかかってしまうという問題が生じていた。 In the case where desulfurization is performed using a room temperature adsorption desulfurization agent as in the conventional fuel cell power generator shown in FIG. 2, relatively frequent desulfurization agent replacement is required as described above. Nevertheless, the temperature adsorption desulfurizing agent is generally expensive, and a labor for replacement is generated, which imposes a financial burden on the user of the fuel cell power generator. There was a problem.
また、従来から、燃料ガス中の硫黄分を常温で吸着除去するための常温吸着脱硫剤が充填された脱硫器を具備する燃料電池発電装置が知られている。この種の燃料電池発電装置の例としては、例えば特開平６−３４２６６９号公報、特開２００１−３１４０２号公報などに記載されたものがある。 Conventionally, there has been known a fuel cell power generator including a desulfurizer filled with a room temperature adsorption desulfurization agent for adsorbing and removing sulfur in fuel gas at room temperature. Examples of this type of fuel cell power generator include those described in, for example, JP-A-6-342669 and JP-A-2001-31402.
特開平６−３４２６６９号公報および特開２００１−３１４０２号公報に記載された燃料電池発電装置では、常温吸着脱硫剤を再生することが試みられているものの、それらの公報に記載された燃料電池発電装置では、常温吸着脱硫剤を再生するために、常温吸着脱硫剤に対してガスを加熱して供給しなければならない。 In the fuel cell power generation devices described in JP-A-6-342669 and JP-A-2001-31402, attempts have been made to regenerate the room temperature adsorption desulfurization agent, but the fuel cell power generation described in those publications. In the apparatus, in order to regenerate the room temperature adsorption desulfurization agent, the gas must be heated and supplied to the room temperature adsorption desulfurization agent.
詳細には、特開平６−３４２６６９号公報に記載された燃料電池発電装置では、常温吸着脱硫剤を再生するために、燃料電池発電装置内の未反応の燃料ガスを熱交換しなければならず、更に、常温吸着脱硫剤に供給される再生用ガスを、その熱交換により得られた熱によって加熱しなければならない。また、特開２００１−３１４０２号公報に記載された燃料電池発電装置では、常温吸着脱硫剤を再生するために常温吸着脱硫剤に供給される再生用ガスを、改質器の運転または空冷の際に生じる熱によって加熱しなければならない。すなわち、特開平６−３４２６６９号公報および特開２００１−３１４０２号公報に記載された燃料電池発電装置では、常温吸着脱硫剤に対して再生用ガスを加熱して供給するための加熱機構および断熱機構を追加して設けなければならず、燃料電池発電装置全体のコストが上昇してしまう。 Specifically, in the fuel cell power generator described in JP-A-6-342669, in order to regenerate the room temperature adsorptive desulfurization agent, the unreacted fuel gas in the fuel cell power generator must be heat exchanged. Furthermore, the regeneration gas supplied to the room temperature adsorptive desulfurization agent must be heated by the heat obtained by the heat exchange. Further, in the fuel cell power generation apparatus described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-31402, the regeneration gas supplied to the room temperature adsorption desulfurization agent to regenerate the room temperature adsorption desulfurization agent is used when the reformer is operated or air-cooled. Must be heated by the heat generated. That is, in the fuel cell power generator described in JP-A-6-342669 and JP-A-2001-31402, a heating mechanism and a heat-insulating mechanism for heating and supplying the regeneration gas to the room temperature adsorptive desulfurization agent Must be additionally provided, which increases the cost of the entire fuel cell power generator.
一方、本発明者は、常温脱硫が物理吸着反応であるという点に着目した。物理吸着は、ファンデルワールス力（分子間力）によって被吸着物質を引き付ける反応であり、例えば都市ガスのような燃料ガス中には、およそ数ｐｐｍ程度の有機硫黄が含まれており、そのような希薄濃度の物質の吸着は、一般的にヘンリーの式ｑ＝Ｈｘ（ｑ：吸着量、Ｈ：ヘンリー定数、ｘ：圧力）で表される。 On the other hand, the present inventor has paid attention to the point that room temperature desulfurization is a physical adsorption reaction. Physical adsorption is a reaction that attracts an adsorbed substance by van der Waals force (intermolecular force). For example, a fuel gas such as city gas contains about several ppm of organic sulfur. Adsorption of a dilute substance is generally expressed by Henry's formula q = Hx (q: adsorption amount, H: Henry constant, x: pressure).
つまり、本発明者は、吸着量が圧力依存性を有し、圧力が低いほど吸着量が減少する点に着目し、この特性を常温吸着脱硫剤の再生に利用できると考えた。 That is, the present inventor paid attention to the fact that the adsorption amount is pressure-dependent, and the adsorption amount decreases as the pressure decreases, and thought that this characteristic can be used for regeneration of the room temperature adsorption desulfurization agent.
詳細には、例えば燃料電池発電装置の停止時に、正逆回転制御機能付きモータを有する燃料ガス昇圧器を逆回転させることにより、燃料ガス昇圧器の下流側に位置する常温脱硫器内に滞留している燃料ガスを上流側に逆流させ、この時、脱硫器の出口に配置された遮断弁を同時に閉弁しておくことにより、脱硫器の内部が徐々に減圧され、最終的には大気圧よりも低い圧力にまで低下する。この圧力変化に伴って常温吸着脱硫剤に物理吸着していた有機硫黄が常温吸着脱硫剤から脱離（脱着）し、常温吸着脱硫剤の性能が回復していくと、本発明者は考えた。 Specifically, for example, when the fuel cell power generation device is stopped, the fuel gas booster having the motor with the forward / reverse rotation control function is reversely rotated to stay in the room temperature desulfurizer located downstream of the fuel gas booster. The internal flow of the fuel gas is allowed to flow back to the upstream side, and at this time, the shutoff valve disposed at the outlet of the desulfurizer is closed at the same time, so that the inside of the desulfurizer is gradually depressurized, and finally the atmospheric pressure To a lower pressure. The present inventor considered that the organic sulfur physically adsorbed on the room temperature adsorption desulfurization agent is desorbed (desorbed) from the room temperature adsorption desulfurization agent along with the pressure change, and the performance of the room temperature adsorption desulfurization agent is restored. .
また、例えば逆流してきた有機硫黄を含む燃料ガスは、燃料電池発電装置の入口に配置された遮断弁を閉弁し、同時に、改質器バーナへつながる配管上に配置された遮断弁を開弁することにより、改質器バーナへ導入され、そこで燃焼され処理され得ると、本発明者は考えた。 In addition, for example, the fuel gas containing organic sulfur that has flowed backwards closes the shut-off valve arranged at the inlet of the fuel cell power generator, and at the same time opens the shut-off valve arranged on the pipe connected to the reformer burner. The present inventors thought that by doing so, it could be introduced into the reformer burner where it could be combusted and processed.
上述したような運転方法を採用することにより、常温吸着脱硫剤の寿命を著しく向上させることが可能となり、特に、起動停止を頻繁に繰り返す運転モードを採用する燃料電池発電装置においては、その効果が非常に大きくなると、本発明者は考えた。 By adopting the operation method as described above, it becomes possible to remarkably improve the life of the room temperature adsorptive desulfurization agent, and in particular, in the fuel cell power generation apparatus adopting the operation mode in which the start and stop are repeated frequently, the effect is obtained. The inventor thought that it would be very large.
詳細には、ＤＤＳ（ｄａｉｌｙ ｓｔａｒｔ ＆ ｓｈｕｔ ｄｏｗｎ：１日１回起動停止を繰り返す運転モード）運転の場合には、１日１回常温吸着脱硫剤の回復操作が行われ、特に長寿命化が達成できる。その長寿命化の度合いは、採用する常温吸着脱硫剤の種類と、脱硫器内の圧力をどこまで低下させるかによって異なってくる。例えばあるゼオライト系の常温吸着脱硫剤を用いて減圧後の圧力を６８０Ｔｏｒｒ（９０６４４Ｐａ）（ちなみに大気圧は７６０Ｔｏｒｒ（１０１３０８Ｐａ））まで下げた場合に従来の３倍以上に長寿命化できることを実験によって確認した。 Specifically, in the case of DDS (daily start & shut down: operation mode in which start and stop are repeated once a day), the operation of recovering the normal temperature adsorbing desulfurization agent is performed once a day, and in particular, a longer life is achieved. it can. The degree of extension of the life varies depending on the type of the room temperature adsorption desulfurization agent to be employed and the extent to which the pressure in the desulfurizer is reduced. For example, it has been confirmed by experiments that the service life can be extended to more than three times the conventional one when the pressure after depressurization is reduced to 680 Torr (90644 Pa) (by the way, atmospheric pressure is 760 Torr (101308 Pa)) using a certain zeolite-based room temperature adsorption desulfurization agent. did.
換言すれば、本発明は、常温吸着脱硫剤を再生することができる燃料電池発電装置を提供することを目的とする。 In other words, an object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell power generation apparatus that can regenerate a room temperature adsorption desulfurization agent.
詳細には、本発明は、特開平６−３４２６６９号公報、特開２００１−３１４０２号公報などに記載された従来の燃料電池発電装置のようにガスを加熱して常温吸着脱硫剤に供給する必要なく、常温吸着脱硫剤を再生することができるを提供することを目的とする。 Specifically, in the present invention, it is necessary to heat the gas and supply it to the room temperature adsorption desulfurization agent as in the conventional fuel cell power generator described in JP-A-6-342669 and JP-A-2001-31402. An object of the present invention is to provide a room temperature adsorptive desulfurization agent that can be regenerated.
請求項１に記載の発明によれば、燃料ガス中の硫黄分を常温で吸着除去するための常温吸着脱硫剤が充填された脱硫器を具備する燃料電池発電装置において、燃料ガスを昇圧して前記脱硫器に供給するための燃料ガス昇圧器を設け、燃料電池発電装置の停止時に前記燃料ガス昇圧器を逆回転させることを特徴とする燃料電池発電装置が提供される。 According to the first aspect of the present invention, in the fuel cell power generator including the desulfurizer filled with the room temperature adsorption desulfurization agent for adsorbing and removing the sulfur content in the fuel gas at room temperature, the fuel gas is pressurized. A fuel cell booster is provided for supplying to the desulfurizer, and the fuel gas booster is reversely rotated when the fuel cell generator is stopped.
請求項２に記載の発明によれば、前記燃料ガス昇圧器の下流側に前記脱硫器を配置したことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の燃料電池発電装置が提供される。 According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided the fuel cell power generator according to the first aspect, wherein the desulfurizer is disposed downstream of the fuel gas booster.
請求項３に記載の発明によれば、前記脱硫器の出口配管に遮断弁を配置したことを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載の燃料電池発電装置が提供される。 According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided the fuel cell power generator according to the first or second aspect, wherein a shut-off valve is disposed in an outlet pipe of the desulfurizer.
請求項４に記載の発明によれば、前記燃料ガス昇圧器によって逆流せしめられた硫黄分を含む燃料ガスを改質器バーナで燃焼させるの逆回転ことを特徴とする請求項１〜３のいずれか一項に記載の燃料電池発電装置が提供される。 According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, any one of the first to third aspects is characterized in that the fuel gas containing the sulfur component backflowed by the fuel gas pressure booster is burned in the reformer burner in reverse rotation. A fuel cell power generator according to claim 1 is provided.
請求項５に記載の発明によれば、燃料ガス中の硫黄分を常温で吸着除去するための常温吸着脱硫剤が充填された脱硫器を具備する燃料電池発電装置において、常温吸着脱硫剤の再生時に、前記脱硫器内のガスを吸引し、前記脱硫器内の圧力を減圧することを特徴とする燃料電池発電装置が提供される。 According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, in the fuel cell power generator equipped with a desulfurizer filled with a normal temperature adsorptive desulfurization agent for adsorbing and removing sulfur content in the fuel gas at normal temperature, the regeneration of the normal temperature adsorbent desulfurization agent is performed. In some cases, a fuel cell power generator is provided that sucks the gas in the desulfurizer and reduces the pressure in the desulfurizer.
請求項６に記載の発明によれば、燃料電池発電装置の通常運転時に燃料ガスを昇圧して前記脱硫器に供給するための燃料ガス昇圧器を設け、燃料電池発電装置の非通常運転時である常温吸着脱硫剤の再生時に、前記燃料ガス昇圧器により、前記脱硫器内のガスを吸引し、前記脱硫器内の圧力を減圧することを特徴とする請求項５に記載の燃料電池発電装置が提供される。 According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, a fuel gas booster is provided for boosting the fuel gas during normal operation of the fuel cell power generator and supplying the fuel gas to the desulfurizer, and during non-normal operation of the fuel cell power generator. 6. The fuel cell power generator according to claim 5, wherein during regeneration of a room temperature adsorptive desulfurizing agent, the fuel gas booster sucks the gas in the desulfurizer and reduces the pressure in the desulfurizer. Is provided.
請求項１及び２に記載の燃料電池発電装置では、燃料ガス中の硫黄分を常温で吸着除去するための常温吸着脱硫剤が充填された脱硫器に対して燃料ガスを昇圧して供給するための燃料ガス昇圧器が、脱硫器の上流側に配置されており、燃料電池発電装置の停止時には、燃料ガス昇圧器が逆回転せしめられる。詳細には、燃料ガス昇圧器が逆回転せしめられ、それにより、脱硫器内のガスが吸引せしめられ、脱硫器内の圧力が減圧される。その結果、常温吸着脱硫剤に物理吸着せしめられていた硫黄分が脱離（脱着）せしめられ、常温吸着脱硫剤を再生することができる。詳細には、特開平６−３４２６６９号公報、特開２００１−３１４０２号公報などに記載された従来の燃料電池発電装置のようにガスを加熱して常温吸着脱硫剤に供給する必要なく、常温吸着脱硫剤を再生することができる。 In the fuel cell power generation device according to claim 1 and 2, in order to pressurize and supply the fuel gas to a desulfurizer filled with a room temperature adsorption desulfurization agent for adsorbing and removing sulfur content in the fuel gas at room temperature. The fuel gas booster is arranged on the upstream side of the desulfurizer, and the fuel gas booster is rotated in the reverse direction when the fuel cell power generator is stopped. Specifically, the fuel gas booster is rotated in the reverse direction, whereby the gas in the desulfurizer is sucked and the pressure in the desulfurizer is reduced. As a result, the sulfur component physically adsorbed on the room temperature adsorption desulfurization agent is desorbed (desorbed), and the room temperature adsorption desulfurization agent can be regenerated. In detail, it is not necessary to heat the gas and supply it to the room temperature adsorption desulfurization agent as in the conventional fuel cell power generator described in JP-A-6-342669, JP-A-2001-31402, etc. The desulfurizing agent can be regenerated.
請求項３に記載の燃料電池発電装置では、脱硫器の出口配管に遮断弁が配置されている。詳細には、燃料ガス昇圧器が逆回転せしめられる時には、脱硫器の出口配管に配置されている遮断弁が閉弁せしめられる。そのため、遮断弁が設けられていない場合よりも効率的に脱硫器内の圧力を減圧することができる。 In the fuel cell power generator according to claim 3, a shutoff valve is arranged in the outlet pipe of the desulfurizer. Specifically, when the fuel gas booster is rotated in the reverse direction, the shut-off valve arranged in the outlet pipe of the desulfurizer is closed. Therefore, the pressure in the desulfurizer can be reduced more efficiently than when no shutoff valve is provided.
請求項４に記載の燃料電池発電装置では、燃料ガス昇圧器の逆回転によって逆流せしめられた硫黄分を含む燃料ガスが、改質器バーナによって燃焼せしめられる。そのため、燃料ガス昇圧器の逆回転によって逆流せしめられた硫黄分を含む燃料ガスを処理するための手段を改質器バーナとは別個に設ける場合よりも燃料電池発電装置全体のコストを低減ことができる。 In the fuel cell power generator according to the fourth aspect, the fuel gas containing the sulfur component caused to flow backward by the reverse rotation of the fuel gas booster is burned by the reformer burner. Therefore, the cost of the entire fuel cell power generator can be reduced as compared with the case where a means for treating the fuel gas containing the sulfur component caused to flow backward by the reverse rotation of the fuel gas booster is provided separately from the reformer burner. it can.
請求項５に記載の燃料電池発電装置では、燃料ガス中の硫黄分を常温で吸着除去するための常温吸着脱硫剤の再生時に、その常温吸着脱硫剤が充填されている脱硫器内のガスが吸引せしめられ、脱硫器内の圧力が減圧される。それにより、常温吸着脱硫剤に物理吸着せしめられていた硫黄分が脱離（脱着）せしめられ、常温吸着脱硫剤を再生することができる。詳細には、特開平６−３４２６６９号公報、特開２００１−３１４０２号公報などに記載された従来の燃料電池発電装置のようにガスを加熱して常温吸着脱硫剤に供給する必要なく、常温吸着脱硫剤を再生することができる。 In the fuel cell power generation device according to claim 5, the gas in the desulfurizer filled with the normal temperature adsorbing desulfurizing agent is regenerated at the time of regeneration of the normal temperature adsorbing desulfurizing agent for adsorbing and removing the sulfur content in the fuel gas at normal temperature. Suction is applied to reduce the pressure in the desulfurizer. Thereby, the sulfur component physically adsorbed on the room temperature adsorption desulfurization agent is desorbed (desorbed), and the room temperature adsorption desulfurization agent can be regenerated. Specifically, it is not necessary to heat the gas and supply it to the room temperature adsorption desulfurization agent as in the conventional fuel cell power generator described in JP-A-6-342669, JP-A-2001-31402, etc. The desulfurizing agent can be regenerated.
請求項６に記載の燃料電池発電装置では、燃料電池発電装置の非通常運転時である常温吸着脱硫剤の再生時には、燃料電池発電装置の通常運転時に燃料ガスを昇圧して脱硫器に供給するための燃料ガス昇圧器によって、脱硫器内のガスが吸引せしめられ、脱硫器内の圧力が減圧される。そのため、脱硫器内のガスを吸引して脱硫器内の圧力を減圧するための手段を燃料ガス昇圧器とは別個に設ける場合よりも燃料電池発電装置全体のコストを低減ことができる。 In the fuel cell power generator according to claim 6, when regenerating the room temperature adsorbing desulfurization agent during the non-normal operation of the fuel cell power generator, the fuel gas is boosted and supplied to the desulfurizer during the normal operation of the fuel cell power generator. The gas in the desulfurizer is sucked by the fuel gas booster for reducing the pressure in the desulfurizer. Therefore, the cost of the entire fuel cell power generator can be reduced as compared with the case where a means for sucking the gas in the desulfurizer and reducing the pressure in the desulfurizer is provided separately from the fuel gas booster.
請求項１〜６に記載の燃料電池発電装置では、高価な常温吸着脱硫剤の寿命を従来よりも長くすることができる。条件によっては、同じ充填量で３倍以上の寿命を確保することができる。それにより、燃料電池発電装置の使用者のコストメリットを導き出すことができる。 In the fuel cell power generator according to any one of claims 1 to 6, the lifetime of the expensive room temperature adsorptive desulfurization agent can be made longer than before. Depending on the conditions, it is possible to ensure a life of three times or more with the same filling amount. Thereby, the cost merit of the user of the fuel cell power generator can be derived.
図１は本発明の燃料電池発電装置の第１の実施形態の概略構成図である。図１において、図２に示した参照番号と同一の参照番号は、図２に示した部品と同一の部品を示しており、１７は第２燃料遮断弁、１８は第３燃料遮断弁、１９は燃料ガス昇圧器１の上流側の配管と改質器バーナ７とを連通する配管を示している。 FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a first embodiment of a fuel cell power generator according to the present invention. 1, the same reference numerals as those shown in FIG. 2 indicate the same parts as those shown in FIG. 2, 17 is a second fuel cutoff valve, 18 is a third fuel cutoff valve, 19 Indicates a pipe communicating the upstream side pipe of the fuel gas booster 1 and the reformer burner 7.
図１に示すように、第１の実施形態の燃料電池発電装置は、図２に示した従来の燃料電池発電装置と同様に構成されているが、後述する点で図２に示した従来の燃料電池発電装置とは異なっている。詳細には、第１の実施形態の燃料電池発電装置では、脱硫器２の下流側の配管、つまり、脱硫器２の出口配管に第２燃料遮断弁１７が設けられている。更に、燃料ガス昇圧器１の上流側の配管と、改質器バーナ７とが、配管１９によって連通せしめられ、その配管１９に第３燃料遮断弁１８が設けられている。 As shown in FIG. 1, the fuel cell power generator of the first embodiment is configured in the same manner as the conventional fuel cell power generator shown in FIG. 2, but the conventional fuel cell power generator shown in FIG. It is different from the fuel cell power generator. Specifically, in the fuel cell power generator according to the first embodiment, the second fuel cutoff valve 17 is provided in the downstream pipe of the desulfurizer 2, that is, in the outlet pipe of the desulfurizer 2. Further, the upstream pipe of the fuel gas booster 1 and the reformer burner 7 are communicated by a pipe 19, and a third fuel cutoff valve 18 is provided in the pipe 19.
第１の実施形態の燃料電池発電装置の通常運転時には、図２に示した従来の燃料電池発電装置の通常運転時と同様に、第１燃料遮断弁１６を通過せしめられた例えば都市ガスのような燃料ガスが、燃料ガス昇圧器１へ導入され、所定の圧力に昇圧される。この時、燃料ガス昇圧器１の上流側の配管と改質器バーナ７とを連通する配管１９上に配置された第３燃料遮断弁１８は閉弁せしめられている。 During normal operation of the fuel cell power generator of the first embodiment, as in normal operation of the conventional fuel cell power generator shown in FIG. 2, for example, city gas passed through the first fuel cutoff valve 16 A fresh fuel gas is introduced into the fuel gas booster 1 and boosted to a predetermined pressure. At this time, the third fuel cutoff valve 18 disposed on the pipe 19 that communicates the upstream pipe of the fuel gas booster 1 and the reformer burner 7 is closed.
昇圧された燃料ガスは、次いで、常温吸着脱硫剤が充填された脱硫器２へと導かれ、脱硫器２において燃料ガス中の硫黄分が吸着除去される。この時、脱硫器２の下流側の配管上に配置された第２燃料遮断弁１７は開弁せしめられている。次いで、燃料ガスは、改質用蒸気と合流せしめられ、改質器３、変成器４、およびＣＯ除去器５を通過せしめられる間に改質されて水素リッチなガスとなり、燃料電池本体６へと導かれる。また、改質ガスは、ＣＯ除去器５へ導入される前に、選択酸化反応用空気ブロア１１から送り出された空気と混合せしめられる。 The pressurized fuel gas is then led to the desulfurizer 2 filled with the normal temperature adsorbing desulfurizing agent, and the sulfur content in the fuel gas is adsorbed and removed in the desulfurizer 2. At this time, the second fuel cutoff valve 17 disposed on the pipe on the downstream side of the desulfurizer 2 is opened. Next, the fuel gas is merged with the reforming steam and reformed while being passed through the reformer 3, the transformer 4, and the CO remover 5, to become a hydrogen-rich gas, and to the fuel cell body 6. It is guided. Further, the reformed gas is mixed with the air sent out from the selective oxidation reaction air blower 11 before being introduced into the CO remover 5.
燃料電池本体６では、改質ガス中の水素が消費され、電気化学反応によって電気が作り出される。電気化学反応に寄与しなかった残りの改質ガスは、改質器バーナ７へと導かれる。一方、燃焼用空気は、燃焼空気ブロア１０から導入され、空気予熱器８で予熱され、改質器バーナ７へと導かれ、燃焼反応に寄与する。改質器バーナ７で燃焼された燃焼ガスは、その燃焼熱の一部を改質器３の反応熱として与えた後、改質器３から導出される。燃焼ガスは、残りのエネルギーを空気予熱器８で燃焼空気ブロア１０からの燃焼用空気に与え、続いて、蒸気発生器９で改質用水ポンプ１２から供給された改質用水に熱エネルギーを与えて蒸発させ、最終的に大気中に排気される。 In the fuel cell main body 6, hydrogen in the reformed gas is consumed, and electricity is produced by an electrochemical reaction. The remaining reformed gas that has not contributed to the electrochemical reaction is led to the reformer burner 7. On the other hand, combustion air is introduced from the combustion air blower 10, preheated by the air preheater 8, guided to the reformer burner 7, and contributes to the combustion reaction. The combustion gas burned by the reformer burner 7 is led out from the reformer 3 after giving a part of the combustion heat as reaction heat of the reformer 3. The combustion gas gives the remaining energy to the combustion air from the combustion air blower 10 by the air preheater 8, and then gives the heat energy to the reforming water supplied from the reforming water pump 12 by the steam generator 9. It is evaporated and finally exhausted to the atmosphere.
電池冷却水系統においては、冷却水タンク１５に保有された冷却水が、電池冷却水ポンプ１３によって循環せしめられ、燃料電池本体６へ送り込まれ、燃料電池本体６の排熱を回収し、燃料電池本体６の運転温度を一定に制御する。 In the battery cooling water system, the cooling water held in the cooling water tank 15 is circulated by the battery cooling water pump 13 and sent to the fuel cell main body 6 to recover the exhaust heat of the fuel cell main body 6, The operating temperature of the main body 6 is controlled to be constant.
また、燃料電池本体６での電気化学反応に必要な空気は、反応空気ブロア１４によって燃料電池本体６に送り込まれる。 Air necessary for the electrochemical reaction in the fuel cell body 6 is sent to the fuel cell body 6 by the reaction air blower 14.
一方、第１の実施形態の燃料電池発電装置の停止時には、後述するように、脱硫器２に充填された常温吸着脱硫剤の再生が行われる。具体的には、第１燃料遮断弁１６および第２燃料遮断弁１７が閉弁せしめられ、第３燃料遮断弁１８が開弁せしめられる。更に、燃料ガス昇圧器１のモータが逆回転せしめられ、脱硫器２内のガスが吸引せしめられ、脱硫器２内の圧力が減圧される。それに伴って、燃料ガスと共に、常温吸着脱硫剤から脱離した有機硫黄が、脱硫器２内から流出せしめられる。次いで、脱硫器２内から流出せしめられた燃料ガスおよび有機硫黄は、第３燃料遮断弁１８を通過せしめられ、改質器バーナ７へと導かれ、改質器バーナ７において、燃焼され、処理される。 On the other hand, when the fuel cell power generator of the first embodiment is stopped, regeneration of the room temperature adsorbing desulfurization agent filled in the desulfurizer 2 is performed as described later. Specifically, the first fuel cutoff valve 16 and the second fuel cutoff valve 17 are closed, and the third fuel cutoff valve 18 is opened. Further, the motor of the fuel gas booster 1 is rotated in the reverse direction, the gas in the desulfurizer 2 is sucked, and the pressure in the desulfurizer 2 is reduced. Along with this, the organic sulfur desorbed from the room temperature adsorbing desulfurizing agent is discharged from the desulfurizer 2 together with the fuel gas. Next, the fuel gas and organic sulfur discharged from the desulfurizer 2 are passed through the third fuel cutoff valve 18, led to the reformer burner 7, burned in the reformer burner 7, and processed. Is done.
第１の実施形態の燃料電池発電装置では、上述したように燃料電池発電装置の停止時に常温吸着脱硫剤の再生が行われるが、例えば脱硫器２に対して燃料ガスが間欠的に供給されるような第２の実施形態の燃料電池発電装置では、代わりに、燃料電池発電装置の通常運転時のうち、脱硫器２に対して燃料ガスが供給されない時に、常温吸着脱硫剤の再生を行うことも可能である。 In the fuel cell power generator of the first embodiment, as described above, the room temperature adsorption desulfurization agent is regenerated when the fuel cell power generator is stopped. For example, fuel gas is intermittently supplied to the desulfurizer 2. In such a fuel cell power generator of the second embodiment, instead, during normal operation of the fuel cell power generator, when the fuel gas is not supplied to the desulfurizer 2, the room temperature adsorptive desulfurization agent is regenerated. Is also possible.
上述したように、第１の実施形態の燃料電池発電装置では、燃料ガス中の硫黄分を常温で吸着除去するための常温吸着脱硫剤が充填された脱硫器２に対して燃料ガスを昇圧して供給するための燃料ガス昇圧器１が、脱硫器２の上流側に配置されており、燃料電池発電装置の停止時には、燃料ガス昇圧器１のモータが逆回転せしめられ、それにより、脱硫器２内のガスが吸引せしめられ、脱硫器２内の圧力が減圧される。その結果、常温吸着脱硫剤に物理吸着せしめられていた硫黄分が脱離（脱着）せしめられ、常温吸着脱硫剤を再生することができる。 As described above, in the fuel cell power generator according to the first embodiment, the fuel gas is pressurized with respect to the desulfurizer 2 filled with the normal temperature adsorbing desulfurization agent for adsorbing and removing the sulfur content in the fuel gas at normal temperature. The fuel gas booster 1 is supplied on the upstream side of the desulfurizer 2, and when the fuel cell power generator is stopped, the motor of the fuel gas booster 1 is reversely rotated, whereby the desulfurizer The gas in 2 is sucked and the pressure in the desulfurizer 2 is reduced. As a result, the sulfur component physically adsorbed on the room temperature adsorption desulfurization agent is desorbed (desorbed), and the room temperature adsorption desulfurization agent can be regenerated.
あるいは、第３の実施形態の燃料電池発電装置では、常温吸着脱硫剤の再生時に、燃料ガス昇圧器１以外の手段によって脱硫器２内のガスを吸引し、脱硫器２内の圧力を減圧することも可能である。詳細には、燃料ガス昇圧器１とは別個に、脱硫器２内のガスを吸引するためのガス吸引ポンプを設けることも可能である。第３の実施形態の燃料電池発電装置によっても、常温吸着脱硫剤に物理吸着せしめられていた硫黄分を脱離（脱着）させ、常温吸着脱硫剤を再生することができる。 Alternatively, in the fuel cell power generator of the third embodiment, when the room temperature adsorptive desulfurizing agent is regenerated, the gas in the desulfurizer 2 is sucked by means other than the fuel gas booster 1 to reduce the pressure in the desulfurizer 2. It is also possible. Specifically, it is possible to provide a gas suction pump for sucking the gas in the desulfurizer 2 separately from the fuel gas booster 1. Also by the fuel cell power generation apparatus of the third embodiment, the sulfur component physically adsorbed on the room temperature adsorption desulfurization agent can be desorbed (desorbed), and the room temperature adsorption desulfurization agent can be regenerated.
また、第１の実施形態の燃料電池発電装置では、図１に示したように、脱硫器２の出口配管に第２燃料遮断弁１７が配置されており、上述したように、燃料ガス昇圧器１が逆回転せしめられる時には、第２燃料遮断弁１７が閉弁せしめられる。そのため、第２燃料遮断弁１７が設けられていない図２に示した従来の燃料電池発電装置よりも効率的に、燃料ガス昇圧器１のモータを逆回転させることによって脱硫器２内の圧力を減圧することができる。 Further, in the fuel cell power generation device of the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the second fuel cutoff valve 17 is arranged in the outlet pipe of the desulfurizer 2, and as described above, the fuel gas booster When 1 is rotated in the reverse direction, the second fuel cutoff valve 17 is closed. Therefore, the pressure in the desulfurizer 2 is reduced by rotating the motor of the fuel gas booster 1 in the reverse direction more efficiently than the conventional fuel cell power generator shown in FIG. 2 in which the second fuel cutoff valve 17 is not provided. The pressure can be reduced.
更に、第１の実施形態の燃料電池発電装置では、上述したように、燃料ガス昇圧器１によって逆流せしめられた硫黄分を含む燃料ガスが、改質器バーナ７によって燃焼せしめられる。そのため、燃料ガス昇圧器１によって逆流せしめられた硫黄分を含む燃料ガスを処理するための手段を改質器バーナ７とは別個に設ける場合よりも燃料電池発電装置全体のコストを低減ことができる。 Furthermore, in the fuel cell power generator according to the first embodiment, as described above, the fuel gas containing the sulfur component caused to flow backward by the fuel gas booster 1 is combusted by the reformer burner 7. Therefore, the cost of the entire fuel cell power generation device can be reduced as compared with the case where a means for treating the fuel gas containing the sulfur content that has been caused to flow backward by the fuel gas booster 1 is provided separately from the reformer burner 7. .
第４の実施形態の燃料電池発電装置では、代わりに、燃料ガス昇圧器１によって逆流せしめられた硫黄分を含む燃料ガスを処理するための手段を改質器バーナ７とは別個に設けることも可能である。 In the fuel cell power generator according to the fourth embodiment, instead of the reformer burner 7, a means for treating the fuel gas containing the sulfur component that has flowed back by the fuel gas booster 1 may be provided. Is possible.
第５の実施形態では、上述した第１から第４の実施形態を適宜組合わせることも可能である。 In the fifth embodiment, the above-described first to fourth embodiments can be appropriately combined.
１ 燃料ガス昇圧器
２ 脱硫器
３ 改質器
４ 変成器
５ ＣＯ除去器
６ 燃料電池本体
７ 改質器バーナ
８ 空気予熱器
９ 蒸気発生器
１０ 燃焼空気ブロア
１１ 選択酸化反応用空気ブロア
１２ 改質用水ポンプ
１３ 電池冷却水ポンプ
１４ 反応空気ブロア
１５ 冷却水タンク
１６ 第１燃料遮断弁
１７ 第２燃料遮断弁
１８ 第３燃料遮断弁
１９ 配管
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Fuel gas booster 2 Desulfurizer 3 Reformer 4 Transformer 5 CO remover 6 Fuel cell main body 7 Reformer burner 8 Air preheater 9 Steam generator 10 Combustion air blower 11 Selective oxidation reaction air blower 12 Reformation Water pump 13 Battery cooling water pump 14 Reaction air blower 15 Cooling water tank 16 First fuel cutoff valve 17 Second fuel cutoff valve 18 Third fuel cutoff valve 19 Piping
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005073695A JP2006260843A (en) | 2005-03-15 | 2005-03-15 | Fuel cell power generator |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005073695A JP2006260843A (en) | 2005-03-15 | 2005-03-15 | Fuel cell power generator |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2006260843A true JP2006260843A (en) | 2006-09-28 |
Family
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005073695A Withdrawn JP2006260843A (en) | 2005-03-15 | 2005-03-15 | Fuel cell power generator |
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| Country | Link |
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| JP (1) | JP2006260843A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008123865A (en) * | 2006-11-13 | 2008-05-29 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | Fuel cell system |
| JP2008123864A (en) * | 2006-11-13 | 2008-05-29 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | Fuel cell system and its operation control method |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003197246A (en) * | 2001-12-27 | 2003-07-11 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | Fuel cell system |
| JP2004327290A (en) * | 2003-04-25 | 2004-11-18 | Fuji Electric Holdings Co Ltd | Operation method of fuel cell generating device |
| JP2004337745A (en) * | 2003-05-16 | 2004-12-02 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Gas purification apparatus |
| JP2005212236A (en) * | 2004-01-29 | 2005-08-11 | Dainippon Screen Mfg Co Ltd | Printing machine |
-
2005
- 2005-03-15 JP JP2005073695A patent/JP2006260843A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003197246A (en) * | 2001-12-27 | 2003-07-11 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | Fuel cell system |
| JP2004327290A (en) * | 2003-04-25 | 2004-11-18 | Fuji Electric Holdings Co Ltd | Operation method of fuel cell generating device |
| JP2004337745A (en) * | 2003-05-16 | 2004-12-02 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Gas purification apparatus |
| JP2005212236A (en) * | 2004-01-29 | 2005-08-11 | Dainippon Screen Mfg Co Ltd | Printing machine |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008123865A (en) * | 2006-11-13 | 2008-05-29 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | Fuel cell system |
| JP2008123864A (en) * | 2006-11-13 | 2008-05-29 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | Fuel cell system and its operation control method |
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