JPH05114414A - Fuel cell power generation system - Google Patents
Fuel cell power generation systemInfo
- Publication number
- JPH05114414A JPH05114414A JP3272477A JP27247791A JPH05114414A JP H05114414 A JPH05114414 A JP H05114414A JP 3272477 A JP3272477 A JP 3272477A JP 27247791 A JP27247791 A JP 27247791A JP H05114414 A JPH05114414 A JP H05114414A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- desulfurizer
- fuel
- sulfur content
- reformer
- hydrogen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】この発明は、燃料電池発電装置に
関し、特に原燃料中の硫黄分を除去する脱硫器に関する
ものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fuel cell power generator, and more particularly to a desulfurizer for removing sulfur in raw fuel.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】近年、燃料電池発電装置はエネルギーの
高効率利用およびクリーン環境化を目指すコジェネレー
ションシステムの有力候補として注目されている。燃料
電池の燃料源としては、一般に天然ガス、都市ガス、ナ
フサ等の主成分である炭化水素を改質装置で水蒸気と反
応させて得られる水素に富む改質ガスが使用される。こ
の場合、改質装置の反応部に収めた触媒の硫黄被毒を避
ける目的で、改質装置の上流側には脱硫器を設置するの
が通例である。このような燃料電池発電装置の従来技術
として、例えば「燃料協会誌」第６８巻第１号（１９８
９年）、Ｐ７２〜Ｐ７９に開示されたものがあり、その
概略を図２に示す。図２において、１は燃料極１ａ、空
気極１ｂ、冷却器１ｃからなる燃料電池本体、２は原燃
料中の炭化水素燃料を水蒸気と反応させて水素を多く含
む改質ガスを生成する改質装置であり、反応部２ａとバ
ーナ部２ｂとから構成される。３は原燃料中の硫黄分を
除去する脱硫器であり、水素添加脱硫式脱硫器から成
り、水素添加反応に必要な水素源としては後述する改質
ガス供給管１０から改質装置２により改質された改質ガ
スが供給される。４は原燃料を水蒸気と混合昇圧するエ
ジェクタ、５は水蒸気分離器、６は電池冷却水循環ポン
プ、７は空気ブロワ、８、９は原燃料供給管、１０は改
質装置２により改質された改質ガスの一部を水素添加反
応に必要な水素源として脱硫器３に供給する改質ガス供
給管である。2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, fuel cell power generators have been attracting attention as promising candidates for cogeneration systems aiming at highly efficient use of energy and a clean environment. As a fuel source of a fuel cell, generally, a hydrogen-rich reformed gas obtained by reacting a main component hydrocarbon such as natural gas, city gas, or naphtha with steam in a reformer is used. In this case, it is customary to install a desulfurizer upstream of the reformer in order to avoid sulfur poisoning of the catalyst contained in the reaction section of the reformer. As a conventional technique of such a fuel cell power generator, for example, "Fuel Association Magazine" Vol. 68, No. 1 (198)
9), P72 to P79, and the outline thereof is shown in FIG. In FIG. 2, reference numeral 1 is a fuel cell body including a fuel electrode 1a, an air electrode 1b, and a cooler 1c, and 2 is a reformer that reacts a hydrocarbon fuel in a raw fuel with steam to generate a reformed gas containing a large amount of hydrogen. The apparatus is composed of a reaction section 2a and a burner section 2b. Reference numeral 3 denotes a desulfurizer for removing the sulfur content in the raw fuel, which is composed of a hydrodesulfurization type desulfurizer, and a hydrogen source required for the hydrogenation reaction is modified by a reformer 2 from a reformed gas supply pipe 10 described later. A quality reformed gas is supplied. Reference numeral 4 is an ejector for mixing and boosting the raw fuel with steam, 5 is a steam separator, 6 is a cell cooling water circulation pump, 7 is an air blower, 8 and 9 are raw fuel supply pipes, and 10 is reformer by the reformer 2. The reformed gas supply pipe supplies a part of the reformed gas to the desulfurizer 3 as a hydrogen source necessary for the hydrogenation reaction.
【０００３】次に動作について説明する。燃料電池本体
１は燃料極１ａ、空気極１ｂ、冷却器１ｃから構成さ
れ、燃料極１ａに水素を多く含むガス、空気極１ｂに空
気を供給して酸化還元反応を行わせることにより電力を
取り出す。燃料極１ａには反応用として水素を必要と
し、このため原燃料中の炭化水素燃料を水素リッチガス
に改質する改質装置２が組合わされる。まず、天然ガス
等の原燃料である炭化水素燃料が原燃料供給管８から脱
硫器３に供給される。原燃料の中に含まれる硫黄分が改
質触媒を被毒する恐れがあるため、脱硫器３が配置さ
れ、この脱硫器３で原燃料中の硫黄分が除去される。も
し、硫黄分の除去が不十分であると、改質触媒が被毒さ
れ、これによって改質触媒の活性が低下して触媒にカー
ボン析出を生じたりする恐れがあった。図２に示す脱硫
器３は水素添加脱硫式の脱硫器であり、原燃料中の硫黄
化合物をCo−Mo系あるいはNi−Mo系の水素添加触媒上で
水素と反応させてＨ2 Ｓに転化した後、酸化亜鉛系の触
媒で吸着除去する。この反応に必要な水素源としては改
質ガスが用いられ改質ガス供給管１０により供給され
る。脱硫器３を出た原燃料は原燃料供給管９を経てエジ
ェクタ４に送られる。エジェクタ４は水蒸気分離器５か
ら供給される高圧のスチームを駆動力として、原燃料を
混合昇圧する機能を有する。エジェクタ４において、原
燃料とスチームが混合したあと、その混合ガスは改質装
置２の反応部２ａに送られる。反応部２ａには改質触媒
が充填され、そこで混合ガスはバーナ部２ｂより熱を与
えられて改質反応を生じ、水素を主成分とする改質ガス
に変換される。得られた改質ガスは、燃料電池本体１の
燃料極１ａに供給され、そこで反応によって消費され
る。消費された残りの余剰燃料は、改質装置２のバーナ
部２ｂに送られ、そこで空気ブロワ７からの空気と一緒
に燃焼されて反応部２ａに対し熱が与えられる。空気ブ
ロワ７からの空気２一部は燃料電池本体１の空気極１ｂ
に供給され、そこで酸化反応に供される。前述の燃料極
１ａへの改質ガス供給および空気極１ｂへの空気の供給
によって燃料電池本体１内で酸化還元反応が行われ、電
力が外部に取り出させる。空気極１ｂで消費された残り
の空気はバーナ部２ｂからの燃焼排ガスと合流して大気
に放出される。Next, the operation will be described. The fuel cell main body 1 is composed of a fuel electrode 1a, an air electrode 1b, and a cooler 1c. The fuel electrode 1a is supplied with a gas containing a large amount of hydrogen, and the air electrode 1b is supplied with air to perform an oxidation-reduction reaction, thereby taking out electric power. .. The fuel electrode 1a requires hydrogen for reaction, and therefore the reformer 2 for reforming the hydrocarbon fuel in the raw fuel into a hydrogen-rich gas is combined. First, a hydrocarbon fuel, which is a raw fuel such as natural gas, is supplied to the desulfurizer 3 from the raw fuel supply pipe 8. Since the sulfur content contained in the raw fuel may poison the reforming catalyst, the desulfurizer 3 is arranged and the sulfur content in the raw fuel is removed by the desulfurizer 3. If the sulfur content is not sufficiently removed, the reforming catalyst may be poisoned, which may reduce the activity of the reforming catalyst and cause carbon deposition on the catalyst. The desulfurizer 3 shown in FIG. 2 is a hydrodesulfurization type desulfurizer, in which a sulfur compound in the raw fuel is reacted with hydrogen on a Co-Mo-based or Ni-Mo-based hydrogenation catalyst to be converted into H 2 S. After that, it is adsorbed and removed with a zinc oxide-based catalyst. A reformed gas is used as a hydrogen source necessary for this reaction and is supplied through a reformed gas supply pipe 10. The raw fuel exiting the desulfurizer 3 is sent to the ejector 4 via the raw fuel supply pipe 9. The ejector 4 has a function of mixing and boosting the raw fuel by using high-pressure steam supplied from the water vapor separator 5 as a driving force. After the raw fuel and steam are mixed in the ejector 4, the mixed gas is sent to the reaction section 2 a of the reformer 2. The reaction section 2a is filled with a reforming catalyst, where the mixed gas is given heat from the burner section 2b to cause a reforming reaction and is converted into a reformed gas containing hydrogen as a main component. The obtained reformed gas is supplied to the fuel electrode 1a of the fuel cell body 1 and consumed there by reaction. The remaining excess fuel that has been consumed is sent to the burner section 2b of the reformer 2 where it is burned together with the air from the air blower 7 and heat is given to the reaction section 2a. Part of the air 2 from the air blower 7 is the air electrode 1b of the fuel cell body 1.
And is subjected to an oxidation reaction there. By the above-mentioned supply of the reformed gas to the fuel electrode 1a and the supply of air to the air electrode 1b, an oxidation-reduction reaction is performed in the fuel cell main body 1 and electric power is taken out. The remaining air consumed in the air electrode 1b merges with the combustion exhaust gas from the burner section 2b and is released to the atmosphere.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら上述した
従来の燃料電池発電装置では、脱硫器３が水添脱硫式で
ありその反応温度が例えば300〜400℃と高いため起動時
間が長くなる欠点があった。また、水素添加反応には水
素を必要とするが、起動時には改質ガスを利用できない
ため、水素源を別に用意する必要があった。However, in the above-mentioned conventional fuel cell power generator, the desulfurizer 3 is of the hydrodesulfurization type and its reaction temperature is high, for example, 300 to 400 ° C., so that there is a drawback that the starting time becomes long. It was Further, although hydrogen is required for the hydrogenation reaction, the reformed gas cannot be used at the time of startup, so it was necessary to separately prepare a hydrogen source.
【０００５】この発明は上記のような課題を解決するた
めになされたものであり、起動時間が短くかつ別な水素
源を必要としない燃料電池発電装置を提供することを目
的とする。The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell power generator which has a short starting time and does not require another hydrogen source.
【０００６】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】この発明に係る燃料電池
発電装置は、脱硫器を、起動時に動作され原燃料中の硫
黄分を除去する常温吸着型脱硫器と改質装置による水素
ガス生成後に動作され原燃料中の硫黄分を除去する水素
添加脱硫式脱硫器から構成したものである。In the fuel cell power generator according to the present invention, a desulfurizer is operated at start-up to remove hydrogen in the raw fuel by a room temperature adsorption desulfurizer and a reformer after hydrogen gas generation. It is composed of a hydrodesulfurization type desulfurizer which is operated and removes sulfur in raw fuel.
【０００７】[0007]
【作用】この発明における燃料電池発電装置は、起動時
には常温吸着型脱硫器により原燃料中の硫黄分を除去
し、改質装置による水素ガス生成後は水素添加脱硫式脱
硫器により原燃料中の硫黄分を除去する。In the fuel cell power generator of the present invention, the sulfur content in the raw fuel is removed by the room temperature adsorption desulfurizer at the time of startup, and after the hydrogen gas is produced by the reformer, the hydrogen addition desulfurization desulfurizer removes the sulfur in the raw fuel. Remove sulfur.
【０００８】[0008]
【実施例】実施例１．以下この発明の実施例１を図１に
基づいて説明する。図１において、１、２、４〜１０は
上述した従来装置の構成と同様である。１１は改質装置
２による水素ガス生成後に動作され原燃料中の硫黄分を
除去する水素添加脱硫式脱硫器、１２は起動時に動作さ
れ原燃料中の硫黄分を除去する常温吸着型脱硫器、１３
は原燃料供給管８から常温吸着型脱硫器１２の入口側に
つながる分岐管、１４は常温吸着型脱硫器１２の出口側
から原燃料供給管９につながる分岐管、１５、１６は各
々の分岐管１３、１４にそれぞれ設けられた遮断弁、１
７は改質ガス供給管１０に設けられた遮断弁、１８、１
９は水素添加脱硫式脱硫器１１の入口側および出口側に
設けられた遮断弁である。なお、常温吸着型脱硫器１２
には硫黄分の吸着剤として活性炭や金属系吸着剤等が使
用されるが、ここでは金属系吸着剤を使用した場合を示
している。EXAMPLES Example 1. The first embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG. In FIG. 1, reference numerals 1, 2, 4 to 10 have the same configuration as the conventional device described above. Reference numeral 11 denotes a hydrodesulfurization type desulfurizer which is operated after the hydrogen gas is generated by the reformer 2 and removes the sulfur content in the raw fuel, and 12 is an ordinary temperature adsorption type desulfurization device which is operated at the time of starting and removes the sulfur content in the raw fuel, Thirteen
Is a branch pipe connected from the raw fuel supply pipe 8 to the inlet side of the room temperature adsorption desulfurizer 12, 14 is a branch pipe connected from the outlet side of the room temperature adsorption desulfurizer 12 to the raw fuel supply pipe 9, and 15 and 16 are respective branches. Shut-off valves provided on the pipes 13 and 14, respectively
7 is a shut-off valve provided in the reformed gas supply pipe 10, 18, 1
Reference numeral 9 is a shutoff valve provided on the inlet side and the outlet side of the hydrodesulfurization type desulfurizer 11. In addition, the room temperature adsorption type desulfurizer 12
For example, activated carbon, a metal-based adsorbent, or the like is used as the sulfur-containing adsorbent. Here, the case where the metal-based adsorbent is used is shown.
【０００９】次に動作について説明する。運転中の動作
は上述した従来装置の動作と同様であり、ここでは相違
点のみについて説明する。起動時には、遮断弁１５、１
６を開、遮断弁１７、１８、１９を閉にし、原燃料は分
岐管１３を経て常温吸着型脱硫器１２に入り、分岐管１
４を経て原燃料供給管９に入るように流し、常温吸着型
脱硫器１２を使用して原燃料中の硫黄分を除去する。改
質装置２による水素ガス生成後は、遮断弁１５、１６を
閉、遮断弁１７、１８、１９を開にし、原燃料は水素添
加脱硫式脱硫器１１を使用して原燃料中の硫黄分を除去
する。Next, the operation will be described. The operation during operation is similar to the operation of the above-described conventional device, and only the differences will be described here. At start-up, shutoff valves 15, 1
6 is opened and shut-off valves 17, 18 and 19 are closed, and the raw fuel enters the room temperature adsorption desulfurizer 12 through the branch pipe 13 and the branch pipe 1
After passing through 4, the raw fuel is supplied so as to enter the raw fuel supply pipe 9, and a sulfur content in the raw fuel is removed using a room temperature adsorption desulfurizer 12. After the hydrogen gas is produced by the reformer 2, the shut-off valves 15 and 16 are closed and the shut-off valves 17, 18 and 19 are opened, and the raw fuel is a hydrodesulfurization desulfurizer 11 and the sulfur content in the raw fuel is used. To remove.
【００１０】[0010]
【発明の効果】この発明は以上説明した通り、脱硫器
を、起動時に動作され原燃料中の硫黄分を除去する常温
吸着型脱硫器と改質装置による水素ガス生成後に動作さ
れ原燃料中の硫黄分を除去する水素添加脱硫式脱硫器か
ら構成し、起動時には常温吸着型脱硫器により原燃料中
の硫黄分を除去し、改質装置による水素ガス生成後は水
素添加脱硫式脱硫器により原燃料中の硫黄分を除去する
ようにしたので、起動時間が短くかつ別な水素源を必要
としない燃料電池発電装置を得ることができる。As described above, the present invention operates the desulfurizer at the room temperature adsorption desulfurizer which is operated at the time of start-up to remove the sulfur content in the raw fuel, and is operated after the hydrogen gas is produced by the reformer. It consists of a hydro-desulfurization desulfurizer that removes sulfur content.At startup, the room-temperature adsorption desulfurizer removes the sulfur content from the raw fuel, and after the hydrogen gas is produced by the reformer, the hydrogen-addition desulfurization desulfurizer is used to remove the sulfur content. Since the sulfur content in the fuel is removed, it is possible to obtain a fuel cell power generator that has a short start-up time and does not require another hydrogen source.
【図１】この発明の実施例１を示す系統図である。FIG. 1 is a system diagram showing a first embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】従来の燃料電池発電装置を示す系統図である。FIG. 2 is a system diagram showing a conventional fuel cell power generator.
１ 燃料電池本体 ２ 改質装置 １１ 水素添加脱硫式脱硫器 １２ 常温吸着型脱硫器 1 Fuel Cell Main Body 2 Reforming Device 11 Hydrodesulfurization Desulfurizer 12 Room Temperature Adsorption Desulfurizer
Claims (1)
上記原燃料中の炭化水素燃料を水蒸気と反応させて水素
ガスを生成する改質装置と、この改質装置により改質さ
れた改質ガスと空気とを電気化学的に反応させて電力を
得る燃料電池本体とから構成される燃料電池発電装置に
おいて、上記脱硫器は、起動時に動作され上記原燃料中
の硫黄分を除去する常温吸着型脱硫器と、上記改質装置
による水素ガス生成後に動作され上記原燃料中の硫黄分
を除去する水素添加脱硫式脱硫器とから構成されたこと
を特徴とする燃料電池発電装置。1. A desulfurizer for removing sulfur in raw fuel,
A reformer that reacts the hydrocarbon fuel in the raw fuel with steam to generate hydrogen gas, and the reformed gas reformed by the reformer and air are electrochemically reacted to obtain electric power. In a fuel cell power generator configured with a fuel cell main body, the desulfurizer operates at startup and removes the sulfur content in the raw fuel at room temperature, and the desulfurizer operates after hydrogen gas generation by the reformer. And a hydrodesulfurization type desulfurizer for removing the sulfur content in the raw fuel.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3272477A JPH05114414A (en) | 1991-10-21 | 1991-10-21 | Fuel cell power generation system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3272477A JPH05114414A (en) | 1991-10-21 | 1991-10-21 | Fuel cell power generation system |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH05114414A true JPH05114414A (en) | 1993-05-07 |
Family
ID=17514474
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3272477A Pending JPH05114414A (en) | 1991-10-21 | 1991-10-21 | Fuel cell power generation system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH05114414A (en) |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2003003491A3 (en) * | 2001-06-26 | 2003-04-03 | Atotech Deutschland Gmbh | Device for removing sulfur from a medium and fuel cell system |
| JP2009249203A (en) * | 2008-04-02 | 2009-10-29 | Tokyo Gas Co Ltd | System for desulfurizing raw fuel for producing fuel hydrogen for fuel cell |
| CN102395523A (en) * | 2009-12-25 | 2012-03-28 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | Hydrogen generator and fuel cell system |
| EP2487742A2 (en) | 2011-02-10 | 2012-08-15 | Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha | Fuel cell system |
| JP2012158489A (en) * | 2011-01-31 | 2012-08-23 | Panasonic Corp | Hydrogen generating device and operation method of fuel cell system |
| EP2518012A1 (en) * | 2009-12-25 | 2012-10-31 | Panasonic Corporation | Hydrogen generation device, fuel cell system, and method for operating hydrogen generation device |
| EP2703340A1 (en) * | 2011-04-26 | 2014-03-05 | Panasonic Corporation | Hydrogen generator and fuel cell system |
| EP2813466A1 (en) * | 2012-12-27 | 2014-12-17 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Hydrogen generation device and fuel cell system |
| EP2821367A1 (en) * | 2012-03-02 | 2015-01-07 | Panasonic Corporation | Hydrogen generation device, fuel cell system, and method for operating hydrogen generation device |
| US9083023B2 (en) | 2011-02-10 | 2015-07-14 | Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha | Fuel cell system and desulfurization unit for the same |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH01143155A (en) * | 1987-11-27 | 1989-06-05 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | Fuel cell power generator |
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1991
- 1991-10-21 JP JP3272477A patent/JPH05114414A/en active Pending
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