JP2004324863A - Telescopic shaft - Google Patents

Telescopic shaft Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004324863A
JP2004324863A JP2003124326A JP2003124326A JP2004324863A JP 2004324863 A JP2004324863 A JP 2004324863A JP 2003124326 A JP2003124326 A JP 2003124326A JP 2003124326 A JP2003124326 A JP 2003124326A JP 2004324863 A JP2004324863 A JP 2004324863A
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
shaft
spline
shaft portion
hollow member
diameter portion
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JP2003124326A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP4075676B2 (en
Inventor
Shuzo Hiragushi
周三 平櫛
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Koyo Seiko Co Ltd
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Koyo Seiko Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2003124326A priority Critical patent/JP4075676B2/en
Publication of JP2004324863A publication Critical patent/JP2004324863A/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2326/00Articles relating to transporting
    • F16C2326/20Land vehicles
    • F16C2326/24Steering systems, e.g. steering rods or columns
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C3/00Shafts; Axles; Cranks; Eccentrics
    • F16C3/02Shafts; Axles
    • F16C3/03Shafts; Axles telescopic

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  • Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
  • Steering Controls (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To suppress the spline fitting clearance of a telescopic shaft. <P>SOLUTION: In an intermediate shaft 2 as the telescopic shaft, an end 14a of an internal shaft portion 14 is inserted into a fitting hole 13b of an end 13a of an external shaft portion 13 for spline fitting. The external shaft portion 13 has a female spline 15 formed on an inner periphery 17c of a hollow member 17 having a diameter contracted portion 17e on an outer periphery 17d. A region 15a of the female spline 15 corresponding to the diameter contracted portion 17e is protruded inward from a remaining region 15b to the radial direction by spring-back after machining the female spline 15 to greatly reduce the looseness of both shaft portions 13, 14 when fitted, resulting in inexpensively reduced vibration and noises. It is acceptable to use the internal shaft portion 14 having a male spline 16 formed on a hollow member 19 having a diameter enlarged portion 19d on an inner periphery 19c. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、車両用操舵装置等に用いられる伸縮自在シャフトに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
伸縮自在シャフトとしては、インターミディエイトシャフト、テレスコピック調節可能なステアリングシャフト等があり、中空の外軸部と、これに嵌合される内軸部とを有し、両軸部をスプライン嵌合することにより軸方向に摺動自在としている。この種の伸縮自在シャフトでは、回転時や摺動時の両軸部のがたつきを抑えるために多くの提案がなされている。
【0003】
例えば、外軸部の雌スプラインの全ての歯の圧力角を、標準的な値と異ならせたものがある(例えば、特許文献1参照)。
また、外軸部の雌スプラインの一部の歯の歯厚を、他の歯の歯厚と異ならせたものがある(例えば、特許文献2参照)。
【0004】
【特許文献1】
特開平11−280778号公報
【特許文献2】
特開平5−141432号公報
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、特許文献1および特許文献2の伸縮自在シャフトでは、スプラインの歯の加工が特殊になるので、加工コストが高い。
また、伸縮自在シャフトにがたつきが生じると、異音や振動が生じる。
そこで、本発明の目的は、上述の技術的課題を解決し、異音や振動の発生を抑制できて安価な伸縮自在シャフトを提供することである。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段および発明の効果】
第1の発明の伸縮自在シャフトは、雌スプラインを軸方向に形成した外軸部の嵌合孔に、上記雌スプラインに係合する雄スプラインを軸方向に形成した内軸部を挿入してなる伸縮自在シャフトにおいて、上記外軸部は外周に縮径部を設けた中空部材の内周に雌スプラインを形成してなることを特徴とする。この発明によれば、外周に縮径部が形成された中空部材では、縮径部に対応する薄肉部が形成されている。このような中空部材の内周に工具を通して雌スプラインを加工するときに、工具による加工圧力で上記薄肉部が拡径された状態で雌スプラインが形成され、加工後に、スプリングバックにより薄肉部が元の状態に収縮する。このため、縮径部に対応する雌スプラインの領域は残りの領域よりも径方向内方へ突出するので、両軸部の嵌合のがたを格段に少なくすることができる結果、振動や騒音を低減することができる。また、がたを少なくできる雌スプラインを、通常の加工方法で安価に形成できる。
【0007】
第2の発明の伸縮自在シャフトは、雌スプラインを軸方向に形成した外軸部の嵌合孔に、上記雌スプラインに係合する雄スプラインを軸方向に形成した内軸部を挿入してなる伸縮自在シャフトにおいて、上記内軸部は内周に拡径部を設けた中空部材の外周に雄スプラインを形成してなることを特徴とする。この発明によれば、内周に拡径部が形成された中空部材では、拡径部に対応する薄肉部が形成されている。このような中空部材の外周に雄スプラインを加工するときに、工具による加工圧力で薄肉部が縮径された状態で雄スプラインが形成され、加工後に、スプリングバックにより薄肉部が元の状態に拡径する。このため、拡径部に対応する雄スプラインの領域は残りの領域よりも径方向外方へ突出するので、両軸部の嵌合のがたを格段に少なくすることができる結果、振動や騒音を低減することができる。また、がたを少なくできる雄スプラインを、通常の加工方法で安価に形成できる。
【0008】
第3の発明の伸縮自在シャフトは、雌スプラインを軸方向に形成した外軸部の嵌合孔に、上記雌スプラインに係合する雄スプラインを軸方向に形成した内軸部を挿入してなる伸縮自在シャフトにおいて、上記外軸部は外周に縮径部を設けた第1の中空部材の内周に雌スプラインを形成してなり、上記内軸部は内周に拡径部を設けた第2の中空部材の外周に雄スプラインを形成してなることを特徴とする。この発明によれば、第1および第2の発明の組合せにより、両軸部の嵌合のがたをより少なくでき、振動や騒音をより低減することができ、しかも、がたを少なくできて安価な伸縮自在シャフトを実現できる。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の第1の実施形態の伸縮自在シャフトとしての中間軸を説明する。図1は、上述の中間軸を設けた車両用操舵装置の概略構成を示す模式図である。
図1を参照して、車両用操舵装置1は中間軸2を有する。中間軸2は、インターミディエイトシャフトとも呼ばれて、車輪(図示せず)を操向するためにステアリングホイール3に加えられる操舵トルクを、一方の端部4aにステアリングホイール3を連結されるステアリングシャフト4から、車輪を操向するための舵取り機構5へ伝達する。
【0010】
車両用操舵装置1は、上述の操舵トルクを伝達するステアリングシャフト4と、このステアリングシャフト4を内部に通して回転自在に支持するステアリングコラム6とを有する。ステアリングシャフト4の他方の端部4bに、自在継手7、本中間軸2、自在継手8等を介して上述の舵取り機構5の回転軸9が連結される。ステアリングホイール3が操舵されると、その操舵トルクがステアリングシャフト4等を介して舵取り機構5に伝達され、これにより車輪を操向することができる。
【0011】
ステアリングシャフト4は、一端にステアリングホイール3を連結する外軸部としてのアッパシャフト10と、内軸部としてのロアシャフト11とを有する。アッパシャフト10とロアシャフト11とは、ステアリングシャフト4の軸方向に沿って互いに相対移動自在に、且つ一体回転するように、スプライン嵌合構造により互いに連結されている。ステアリングシャフト4は、ステアリングホイール3の位置を調節するために、また、自動車の衝突時の衝撃を吸収するために、伸縮可能な伸縮自在シャフトとして機能する。
【0012】
車両用操舵装置1では、ステアリングコラム6を位置調節可能に車体12(一部のみ図示)に支持して、ステアリングホイール3の位置を調節できるようにされている。位置調節に伴いステアリングシャフト4の他方の端部4bの位置が変化することがある。また、走行時に舵取り機構5の位置が変化することがある。このような位置の変化を吸収できるように、中間軸2は伸縮自在とされる。
中間軸2は、中空の外軸部13と、内軸部14とを有し、外軸部13の端部13aの嵌合孔13bに、内軸部14の端部14aを挿入してなる。両軸部13,14の軸線はともに中間軸2の軸線と一致する。両軸部13,14の対応する端部13a,14aは、中間軸2の軸方向Sに相対摺動自在に互いにスプライン嵌合される。両軸部13,14は、鋼等の金属部材からなる。
【0013】
図2および図3を参照する。外軸部13の端部13aの嵌合孔13bの内周13cには、雌スプライン15がその軸方向Sに延びて形成される。雌スプライン15は、その軸方向Sに所定長さで延びる多数のスプライン歯を有する。外軸部13の端部13aの外周13dには、所定の幅を持つ小径の縮径部13eと、この縮径部13eをその軸方向Sに挟む一対の太径部13fとを有する。縮径部13eの径方向内方に薄肉部13gが形成される。
【0014】
内軸部14は例えば、中空形状に形成される。内軸部14の端部14aの外周14bには、雌スプライン15と係合する雄スプライン16がその軸方向Sに延びて形成される。雄スプライン16は、その軸方向Sに所定長さで延びる多数のスプライン歯を有する。雌スプライン15の歯と雄スプライン16の歯とは互いに噛み合わされる。両スプライン15,16の歯が縮径部13eの径方向内方において常に噛み合うように、縮径部13eは配置される。
【0015】
本実施形態では、図4B,図4Eを参照して、外軸部13は、外周17dに縮径部17eを設けた製造用中間体としての中空部材17の内周17cに雌スプライン15を形成してなる。図4Aを参照して、例えば、所定長のパイプ材17aに、内周17cおよび外周17dを加工し、この外周加工と同時に縮径部17eを加工して、図4Bに示す上述の中空部材17を得る。中空部材17には、縮径部17eに対応して薄肉部17gが形成される。その後、中空部材17の内周17cに雌スプライン15が例えばブローチ加工により形成されて、図4Eに示す外軸部13を得る。図4Bおよび図4Eを参照して、中空部材17の内周17c、外周17d、縮径部17eおよび薄肉部17gが、外軸部13の対応する内周13c、外周13d、縮径部13eおよび薄肉部13gとなる。次に、外軸部13に、予め形成された内軸部14を嵌合して、中間軸2を得る。
【0016】
このように本実施形態によれば、図4Bを参照して、外周17dに縮径部17eが形成された中空部材17では、縮径部17eに対応する薄肉部17gが形成されている。このような中空部材17の内周17cに工具18を通して雌スプライン15を加工するときに、図4Cを参照して、工具18による加工圧力で上記薄肉部17gが径方向外方R1へ付勢されて拡径された状態で雌スプライン15が形成され、加工後に、図4Dを参照して、スプリングバックにより薄肉部17gが元の状態に収縮する。このため、軸方向Sについて、縮径部17eに対応する雌スプライン15の領域15aは残りの領域15bよりも径方向内方R2へ突出する。例えば、領域15aの内周は、領域15bの内周に比べて数μm小さく仕上がる。その結果、図4Eに示すように、両軸部13,14を組み合わせたときに、両軸部13,14のスプライン嵌合のがたを格段に少なくすることができる。従って、振動や騒音を低減することができる。
【0017】
また、がたを少なくできる雌スプライン15を、通常の加工方法で安価に形成できる。
また、図4Bを参照して、本中間軸2では、外軸部13の製造用中間体としての中空部材17に縮径部17eを設けるようにした。これにより、がたつきを防止するための設計変更が僅かで済み、がたつきの防止をコスト上昇なしに実現できる。また、がたつきを防止するための従来のばね部材等を用いずに済ますこともできる。
【0018】
また、図2を参照して、縮径部13eに対応する薄肉部13gは、中間軸2の径方向R1,R2に弾性変形して、内軸部14を弾力的に付勢でき、吸振作用を発揮し、振動および異音の低減に効果的に寄与する。
本発明の第2の実施形態を説明する。以下では、上述の実施形態と異なる点を中心に説明し、同様の構成については説明を省略して同じ符号を付しておく。また、後述する他の実施形態や変形例についても同様にして説明する。
【0019】
図5および図6を参照する。第2実施形態の中間軸201は、第1実施形態の外軸部13に代えて外軸部131を有し、第1実施形態の内軸部14に代えて内軸部141を有する。
外軸部131の端部13aは、外周13dを軸方向について断面形状一定とし、外周13dは上述の縮径部13eを省略されている。雌スプライン15は軸方向Sについて同等に形成される。
【0020】
内軸部141は、その内周14cに拡径部14dと、拡径部14dを軸方向に挟む一対の細径部14fを設けられる。拡径部14dに対応して、その径方向外方に、薄肉部14eが形成される。
図7B,図7Eを参照して、内軸部141は、内周19cに拡径部19dを設けた製造用中間体としての中空部材19の外周19bに雄スプライン16を形成してなる。図7Aを参照して、例えば、所定長のパイプ材19aに、外周19bおよび内周19cを加工し、この内周加工と同時に拡径部19dを加工して、図7Bに示す上述の中空部材19を得る。中空部材19には、拡径部19dに対応して薄肉部19eが形成される。その後、中空部材19の外周19bに雄スプライン16が例えば歯切り切削加工により形成されて、図7Eに示す内軸部141を得る。図7B,図7Eを参照して、中空部材19の外周19b、内周19c、拡径部19dおよび薄肉部19eが、内軸部141の対応する外周14b、内周14c、拡径部14dおよび薄肉部14eとなる。次に、予め形成された外軸部131に、上述のようにして形成された内軸部141を嵌合して、中間軸201を得る。
【0021】
このように本発明の第2実施形態によれば、図7Bを参照して、内周19cに拡径部19dが形成された中空部材19では、拡径部19dに対応する薄肉部19eが形成されている。このような中空部材19の外周19bに雄スプライン16を加工するときに、図7Cを参照して、工具20による加工圧力で薄肉部19eが径方向内方R2へ付勢されて縮径された状態で雄スプライン16が形成され、加工後に、図7Dを参照して、スプリングバックにより薄肉部19eが元の状態に拡径する。このため、軸方向Sについて拡径部19dに対応する雄スプライン16の領域16aは、残りの領域16bよりも径方向外方R1へ突出する。例えば、領域16aの外周は、領域16bの外周に比べて数μm大きく仕上がる。その結果、両軸部131,141の嵌合のがたを格段に少なくすることができる結果、振動や騒音を低減することができる。
【0022】
また、がたを少なくできる雄スプライン16を、通常の加工方法で安価に形成できる。また、内軸部141は、第1の実施形態と同様に僅かの変更で、がたつきの防止をコスト上昇なしに実現できる。
また、図5を参照して、内軸部141の拡径部14dに対応する薄肉部14eは、内軸部141の径方向R1,R2に弾性変形して、外軸部131を弾力的に付勢でき、吸振作用を発揮し、振動および異音の低減に効果的に寄与する。
【0023】
図8を参照する。第3実施形態の中間軸202は、第1実施形態の縮径部13eを有する外軸部13と、第2実施形態の拡径部14dを有する内軸部141とを組み合わせてなる。内軸部141の拡径部14dと、外軸部13の縮径部13eとは、軸方向Sについての位置をほぼ一致して配置され、両軸部13,141の軸方向Sの相対移動を考慮しても、内軸部141の拡径部14dと外軸部13の縮径部13eとの少なくとも一部同士が、径方向から見たときに常に重なりあうように配置される。
【0024】
第3実施形態によれば、第1および第2実施形態の効果を同様に得られる。特に、第1および第2実施形態の組合せにより、両軸部13,141の嵌合のがたをより少なくでき、振動や騒音をより低減することができる。しかも、がたを少なくできて安価な伸縮自在シャフトとしての中間軸202を実現できる。
図9A,図9B,図9Cを参照する。第4実施形態では、第3実施形態において、内軸部141に代えて、外周19bの一部に樹脂コーティング膜21を形成した中空部材191の外周19bに雄スプライン16を形成してなる内軸部142を用いる。中空部材191は、外周19bに樹脂コーティング膜21を形成されている点で、中空部材19と異なる。樹脂コーティング膜21は、周方向に延びる帯状に形成され、軸方向位置が拡径部19dとほぼ一致する。
【0025】
スプライン加工時に、樹脂コーティング膜21を介在させることにより、工具20から中空部材191が受ける加工圧力が高まり、中空部材191の薄肉部19eの縮径量が大きくなる。スプライン加工後に、スプリングバックにより薄肉部19eが元の状態に収縮した状態では、樹脂コーティング膜21および拡径部14dに対応する雄スプライン16の領域16cは残りの領域16bよりも径方向外方R1へ突出し、この突出量が、中空部材19を用いる場合に比べて大きくなる。樹脂コーティング膜21は、スプライン加工時に除去されてもよいが、スプライン加工後に樹脂コーティング膜21の一部が残る場合には、残ることになる樹脂コーティング膜21の一部が、加工時に工具20と中空部材191の表面との間で圧縮され、加工後に元に戻り、径方向外方R1へ突出する。
【0026】
本実施の形態では、第3実施形態の効果に加えて、樹脂コーティング膜21を設けることによるがた取り効果を得られ、両軸部13,142のスプライン嵌合のがたを格段に少なくできる結果、振動や騒音を低減することができる。
また、本発明の各実施形態について、以下の変形例を考えることができる。
例えば、図2に示す内軸部14は中実形状をなしてもよい。図8を参照して、拡径部14dと縮径部13eとを、軸方向Sについて常に互いに離間して配置してもよい。複数の縮径部13eを軸方向Sに離間して設けても良い。複数の拡径部14dを軸方向に離間して設けても良い。縮径部13eを軸方向Sに開放するように軸端に配置してもよい。拡径部14dを軸方向Sに開放するように軸端に配置してもよい。
【0027】
図9B、図9Cを参照して、内軸部142の変形例として、中間部材191の拡径部19dを省略したものも考えられる。この場合にも、樹脂コーティング膜21によるがた取り効果を得ることができる。また、内軸部142やその変形例を、第2の実施形態において内軸部141に代えて用いても良い。
また、第1、第3および第4の実施形態の外軸部13に、上述の樹脂コーティング膜21によるがたどり方法を適用し、図4Bを参照して、外軸部13が、内周17cに樹脂コーティング膜21(図9A参照)を形成した中空部材17の内周17cに雌スプライン15を形成してなる、ようにしてもよい。この場合にも、上述したようにがたどりの効果を得ることができる。樹脂コーティング膜21は、縮径部17eと軸方向位置を一致させるのが、がた取り効果を得るためには好ましいが、縮径部17eを省略することも考えられる。
【0028】
雌スプラインの加工方法としては、転造加工、歯切り切削加工、ブローチ加工等を利用できる。雄スプラインの加工方法としては、転造加工、歯切り切削加工等を利用できる。また、樹脂コーティング膜21を形成する場合のスプラインの加工方法には、歯切り切削加工、ブローチ加工等の切削による形成方法が好ましい。
また、本発明の各実施形態を、図1を参照して、伸縮自在シャフトとしてのステアリングシャフト4に適用し、ステアリングシャフト4を上述の各実施形態の中間軸2,201,202と同様に構成してもよく、この場合、アッパシャフト10を内軸部とし、ロアシャフト11を外軸部としてもよい。その他、本発明の特許請求の範囲で種々の変更を施すことが可能である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の第1実施形態の伸縮自在シャフトとしての中間軸を含む車両用操舵装置の概略構成を示す模式図である。
【図2】図1の中間軸の要部の断面図である。
【図3】図2に示す中間軸の要部の分解斜視図である。
【図4】図2に示す中間軸の外軸部の加工手順を示す模式図であり、加工順序に従って図4A,図4B,図4C,図4Dおよび図4Eの順に示し、図4C,図4Dはスプラインの形成途中の状態を拡大して示している。
【図5】本発明の第2実施形態の中間軸の要部の断面図である。
【図6】図5に示す中間軸の要部の分解斜視図である。
【図7】図5に示す中間軸の内軸部の加工手順を示す模式図であり、加工順序に従って、図7A,図7B,図7C,図7Dおよび図7Eの順に示し、図7C,図7Dはスプラインの形成途中の状態を拡大して示している。
【図8】本発明の第3実施形態の中間軸の要部の断面図である。
【図9】本発明の第4実施形態の内軸部の加工手順を示す模式図であり、加工順序に従って、図9A,図9Bおよび図9Cの順に示す。
【符号の説明】
2,201,202 中間軸(伸縮自在シャフト)
4 ステアリングシャフト(伸縮自在シャフト)
10 アッパシャフト(外軸部)
11 ロアシャフト(内軸部)
13,131 外軸部
13b 外軸部の嵌合孔
13e 縮径部
14,141,142 内軸部
14d 拡径部
15 雌スプライン
16 雄スプライン
17,19,191 中空部材
17c,19c 中空部材の内周
17d,19b 中空部材の外周
17e 中空部材の縮径部
19d 中空部材の拡径部
S 軸方向
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a telescopic shaft used for a vehicle steering system and the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As the telescopic shaft, there are an intermediate shaft, a telescopically adjustable steering shaft, and the like. The telescopic shaft has a hollow outer shaft portion and an inner shaft portion fitted thereto, and both shaft portions are spline-fitted. Slidably in the axial direction. Many proposals have been made for this type of telescopic shaft in order to suppress rattling of both shaft portions during rotation and sliding.
[0003]
For example, there is one in which pressure angles of all teeth of a female spline of an outer shaft portion are different from a standard value (for example, see Patent Document 1).
In addition, there is one in which the tooth thickness of some teeth of the female spline of the outer shaft portion is different from the tooth thickness of other teeth (for example, see Patent Document 2).
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-11-280778 [Patent Document 2]
JP-A-5-141432
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the telescopic shafts of Patent Literature 1 and Patent Literature 2, the processing of spline teeth is special, so that the processing cost is high.
In addition, when the telescopic shaft rattles, abnormal noise and vibration are generated.
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned technical problem and to provide an inexpensive telescopic shaft that can suppress generation of abnormal noise and vibration.
[0006]
Means for Solving the Problems and Effects of the Invention
A telescopic shaft according to a first aspect of the present invention is obtained by inserting an inner shaft portion having an axially formed male spline engaged with the female spline into a fitting hole of an outer shaft portion having a female spline formed axially. In the telescopic shaft, the outer shaft portion is formed by forming a female spline on the inner periphery of a hollow member having a reduced diameter portion on the outer periphery. According to the invention, in the hollow member having the reduced diameter portion formed on the outer periphery, the thin portion corresponding to the reduced diameter portion is formed. When a female spline is machined through a tool on the inner periphery of such a hollow member, a female spline is formed in a state where the thin portion is expanded by the working pressure of the tool, and after the machining, the thin portion is restored by springback. To contract. For this reason, the female spline region corresponding to the reduced diameter portion protrudes radially inward from the remaining region, so that the fitting of the two shaft portions can be significantly reduced, resulting in vibration and noise. Can be reduced. Further, a female spline that can reduce the backlash can be formed at low cost by a normal processing method.
[0007]
A telescopic shaft according to a second aspect of the present invention is obtained by inserting an inner shaft portion having an axially formed male spline engaged with the female spline into a fitting hole of an outer shaft portion having a female spline formed axially. In the telescopic shaft, the inner shaft portion is formed by forming a male spline on the outer periphery of a hollow member having an enlarged diameter portion on the inner periphery. According to the present invention, in the hollow member having the enlarged diameter portion formed on the inner periphery, the thin portion corresponding to the enlarged diameter portion is formed. When machining a male spline on the outer periphery of such a hollow member, a male spline is formed in a state where the thin portion is reduced in diameter by the processing pressure of a tool, and after the machining, the thin portion is expanded to its original state by springback. Diameter. For this reason, since the area of the male spline corresponding to the enlarged diameter part projects more radially outward than the remaining area, it is possible to significantly reduce the backlash between the two shaft parts, resulting in vibration and noise. Can be reduced. In addition, a male spline that can reduce backlash can be formed at low cost by a normal processing method.
[0008]
A telescopic shaft according to a third aspect of the present invention is obtained by inserting an inner shaft portion having an axially formed male spline engaged with the female spline into a fitting hole of an outer shaft portion having a female spline formed axially. In the telescopic shaft, the outer shaft portion has a female spline formed on an inner periphery of a first hollow member provided with a reduced diameter portion on the outer periphery, and the inner shaft portion has a diameter increasing portion on an inner periphery. 2, wherein a male spline is formed on the outer periphery of the hollow member. According to this invention, by the combination of the first and second inventions, it is possible to reduce the backlash between the two shaft portions, further reduce the vibration and noise, and reduce the backlash. An inexpensive telescopic shaft can be realized.
[0009]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
An intermediate shaft as a telescopic shaft according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a vehicle steering system provided with the above-described intermediate shaft.
Referring to FIG. 1, a vehicle steering system 1 has an intermediate shaft 2. The intermediate shaft 2 is also called an intermediate shaft. The intermediate shaft 2 applies a steering torque applied to the steering wheel 3 to steer a wheel (not shown), and a steering shaft connected to the steering wheel 3 at one end 4a. 4 to a steering mechanism 5 for steering the wheels.
[0010]
The vehicle steering device 1 includes a steering shaft 4 that transmits the above-described steering torque, and a steering column 6 that rotatably supports the steering shaft 4 through the inside thereof. The other end 4b of the steering shaft 4 is connected to the rotation shaft 9 of the steering mechanism 5 through a universal joint 7, the intermediate shaft 2, a universal joint 8, and the like. When the steering wheel 3 is steered, the steering torque is transmitted to the steering mechanism 5 via the steering shaft 4 and the like, whereby the wheels can be steered.
[0011]
The steering shaft 4 has an upper shaft 10 as an outer shaft connecting the steering wheel 3 to one end, and a lower shaft 11 as an inner shaft. The upper shaft 10 and the lower shaft 11 are connected to each other by a spline fitting structure so as to be relatively movable along the axial direction of the steering shaft 4 and to rotate integrally. The steering shaft 4 functions as an extendable and retractable shaft to adjust the position of the steering wheel 3 and to absorb the impact of a vehicle collision.
[0012]
In the vehicle steering system 1, the steering column 6 is supported on the vehicle body 12 (only part of which is shown) so that the position can be adjusted, so that the position of the steering wheel 3 can be adjusted. The position of the other end 4b of the steering shaft 4 may change with the position adjustment. Further, the position of the steering mechanism 5 may change during traveling. The intermediate shaft 2 is extendable and contractable so as to absorb such a change in position.
The intermediate shaft 2 has a hollow outer shaft portion 13 and an inner shaft portion 14, and is formed by inserting an end portion 14a of the inner shaft portion 14 into a fitting hole 13b of an end portion 13a of the outer shaft portion 13. . The axes of both shaft portions 13 and 14 coincide with the axis of intermediate shaft 2. Corresponding ends 13a, 14a of the two shafts 13, 14 are spline-fitted to each other so as to be relatively slidable in the axial direction S of the intermediate shaft 2. Both shaft portions 13 and 14 are made of a metal member such as steel.
[0013]
Please refer to FIG. 2 and FIG. A female spline 15 is formed on the inner periphery 13c of the fitting hole 13b at the end 13a of the outer shaft portion 13 so as to extend in the axial direction S. The female spline 15 has a large number of spline teeth extending at a predetermined length in the axial direction S. An outer periphery 13d of the end 13a of the outer shaft portion 13 has a small-diameter portion 13e having a predetermined width and a pair of large-diameter portions 13f sandwiching the reduced-diameter portion 13e in the axial direction S. A thin portion 13g is formed radially inward of the reduced diameter portion 13e.
[0014]
The inner shaft part 14 is formed in a hollow shape, for example. A male spline 16 that engages with the female spline 15 is formed on the outer periphery 14b of the end 14a of the inner shaft portion 14 so as to extend in the axial direction S thereof. The male spline 16 has a large number of spline teeth extending at a predetermined length in the axial direction S thereof. The teeth of the female spline 15 and the teeth of the male spline 16 mesh with each other. The reduced diameter portion 13e is arranged such that the teeth of both splines 15, 16 always mesh inward in the radial direction of the reduced diameter portion 13e.
[0015]
In this embodiment, with reference to FIGS. 4B and 4E, the outer shaft portion 13 forms the female spline 15 on the inner periphery 17c of the hollow member 17 as a manufacturing intermediate provided with the reduced diameter portion 17e on the outer periphery 17d. Do it. Referring to FIG. 4A, for example, an inner periphery 17c and an outer periphery 17d are machined into a pipe member 17a of a predetermined length, and simultaneously with the outer periphery machining, a reduced diameter portion 17e is machined. Get. A thin portion 17g is formed in the hollow member 17 corresponding to the reduced diameter portion 17e. Thereafter, the female spline 15 is formed on the inner periphery 17c of the hollow member 17 by, for example, broaching, and the outer shaft portion 13 shown in FIG. 4E is obtained. 4B and 4E, the inner periphery 17c, the outer periphery 17d, the reduced diameter portion 17e, and the thinner portion 17g of the hollow member 17 are formed by the corresponding inner periphery 13c, outer periphery 13d, reduced diameter portion 13e of the outer shaft portion 13. It becomes 13 g of thin parts. Next, the intermediate shaft 2 is obtained by fitting the preformed inner shaft portion 14 to the outer shaft portion 13.
[0016]
Thus, according to the present embodiment, referring to FIG. 4B, in hollow member 17 in which outer diameter 17d is formed with reduced diameter portion 17e, thin portion 17g corresponding to reduced diameter portion 17e is formed. When the female spline 15 is machined through the tool 18 on the inner circumference 17c of the hollow member 17 as shown in FIG. 4C, the thin portion 17g is urged radially outward R1 by the working pressure of the tool 18 with reference to FIG. The female spline 15 is formed in a state where the diameter is expanded, and after the processing, referring to FIG. 4D, the thin portion 17g contracts to its original state by springback. Therefore, in the axial direction S, the region 15a of the female spline 15 corresponding to the reduced diameter portion 17e protrudes radially inward R2 from the remaining region 15b. For example, the inner circumference of the area 15a is finished by several μm smaller than the inner circumference of the area 15b. As a result, as shown in FIG. 4E, when the two shaft portions 13 and 14 are combined, the play of the spline fitting between the both shaft portions 13 and 14 can be significantly reduced. Therefore, vibration and noise can be reduced.
[0017]
Further, the female spline 15 that can reduce the backlash can be formed at low cost by a normal processing method.
Referring to FIG. 4B, in the present intermediate shaft 2, the hollow member 17 as an intermediate for manufacturing the outer shaft portion 13 is provided with a reduced diameter portion 17e. As a result, the design change for preventing the rattling is small, and the rattling can be prevented without increasing the cost. Further, it is not necessary to use a conventional spring member or the like for preventing rattling.
[0018]
Referring to FIG. 2, thin portion 13g corresponding to reduced diameter portion 13e is elastically deformed in radial directions R1 and R2 of intermediate shaft 2, and can elastically urge inner shaft portion 14 to have a vibration absorbing action. And effectively contributes to the reduction of vibration and abnormal noise.
A second embodiment of the present invention will be described. Hereinafter, points different from the above-described embodiment will be mainly described, and the description of the same components will be omitted, and the same reference numerals will be given. Further, other embodiments and modified examples described later will be similarly described.
[0019]
Please refer to FIG. 5 and FIG. The intermediate shaft 201 of the second embodiment has an outer shaft portion 131 instead of the outer shaft portion 13 of the first embodiment, and has an inner shaft portion 141 instead of the inner shaft portion 14 of the first embodiment.
The end 13a of the outer shaft portion 131 has an outer periphery 13d having a constant cross-sectional shape in the axial direction, and the outer periphery 13d does not have the above-described reduced diameter portion 13e. The female splines 15 are formed equally in the axial direction S.
[0020]
The inner shaft portion 141 is provided with an enlarged-diameter portion 14d and a pair of small-diameter portions 14f sandwiching the enlarged-diameter portion 14d in the axial direction on the inner periphery 14c. A thin portion 14e is formed radially outward of the enlarged diameter portion 14d.
7B and 7E, the inner shaft portion 141 is formed by forming a male spline 16 on the outer periphery 19b of a hollow member 19 as a manufacturing intermediate body having an enlarged diameter portion 19d provided on the inner periphery 19c. Referring to FIG. 7A, for example, an outer periphery 19b and an inner periphery 19c are formed on a pipe member 19a having a predetermined length, and at the same time as the inner periphery processing, an enlarged-diameter portion 19d is formed. 19 is obtained. The hollow member 19 is formed with a thin portion 19e corresponding to the enlarged diameter portion 19d. Thereafter, the male spline 16 is formed on the outer periphery 19b of the hollow member 19 by, for example, gear cutting, thereby obtaining the inner shaft portion 141 shown in FIG. 7E. 7B and 7E, the outer periphery 19b, the inner periphery 19c, the enlarged diameter portion 19d, and the thinner portion 19e of the hollow member 19 are formed by the corresponding outer periphery 14b, the inner periphery 14c, the enlarged diameter portion 14d of the inner shaft portion 141, and It becomes the thin portion 14e. Next, the inner shaft 141 formed as described above is fitted to the outer shaft 131 formed in advance to obtain the intermediate shaft 201.
[0021]
As described above, according to the second embodiment of the present invention, referring to FIG. 7B, in hollow member 19 having enlarged diameter portion 19d formed on inner periphery 19c, thin portion 19e corresponding to enlarged diameter portion 19d is formed. Have been. When machining the male spline 16 on the outer periphery 19b of such a hollow member 19, referring to FIG. 7C, the thin portion 19e was urged radially inward R2 by the processing pressure of the tool 20 to reduce the diameter. The male spline 16 is formed in the state, and after processing, referring to FIG. 7D, the diameter of the thin portion 19e is expanded to the original state by springback. For this reason, the region 16a of the male spline 16 corresponding to the enlarged diameter portion 19d in the axial direction S projects radially outward R1 from the remaining region 16b. For example, the outer periphery of the region 16a is finished several μm larger than the outer periphery of the region 16b. As a result, the backlash between the two shaft portions 131 and 141 can be significantly reduced, so that vibration and noise can be reduced.
[0022]
Further, the male spline 16 that can reduce the backlash can be formed at low cost by a normal processing method. Further, the inner shaft portion 141 can realize the prevention of rattling without increasing the cost by a slight change similarly to the first embodiment.
Referring to FIG. 5, thin portion 14e corresponding to enlarged diameter portion 14d of inner shaft portion 141 is elastically deformed in radial directions R1 and R2 of inner shaft portion 141 to elastically deform outer shaft portion 131. It can be energized, exhibits a vibration absorbing effect, and effectively contributes to reduction of vibration and abnormal noise.
[0023]
Referring to FIG. The intermediate shaft 202 of the third embodiment is formed by combining the outer shaft portion 13 having the reduced diameter portion 13e of the first embodiment and the inner shaft portion 141 having the enlarged diameter portion 14d of the second embodiment. The enlarged diameter portion 14d of the inner shaft portion 141 and the reduced diameter portion 13e of the outer shaft portion 13 are arranged so that their positions in the axial direction S substantially coincide with each other, and the relative movement of the both shaft portions 13 and 141 in the axial direction S. Is considered, at least a part of the enlarged diameter portion 14d of the inner shaft portion 141 and the reduced diameter portion 13e of the outer shaft portion 13 are arranged so as to always overlap each other when viewed from the radial direction.
[0024]
According to the third embodiment, the effects of the first and second embodiments can be obtained similarly. In particular, by combining the first and second embodiments, it is possible to further reduce the backlash between the two shaft portions 13 and 141, and to further reduce vibration and noise. In addition, the intermediate shaft 202 can be realized as an inexpensive telescopic shaft that can reduce the amount of play.
Please refer to FIG. 9A, FIG. 9B, and FIG. 9C. In the fourth embodiment, an inner shaft formed by forming a male spline 16 on the outer periphery 19b of a hollow member 191 in which the resin coating film 21 is formed on a part of the outer periphery 19b instead of the inner shaft portion 141 in the third embodiment. The part 142 is used. The hollow member 191 differs from the hollow member 19 in that a resin coating film 21 is formed on the outer periphery 19b. The resin coating film 21 is formed in a belt shape extending in the circumferential direction, and the axial position substantially coincides with the enlarged diameter portion 19d.
[0025]
When the resin coating film 21 is interposed during the spline processing, the processing pressure received by the hollow member 191 from the tool 20 increases, and the diameter of the thin portion 19e of the hollow member 191 increases. After the spline processing, in a state where the thin portion 19e is contracted to the original state by the spring back, the region 16c of the male spline 16 corresponding to the resin coating film 21 and the enlarged diameter portion 14d is radially outward R1 more than the remaining region 16b. And the amount of protrusion is larger than when the hollow member 19 is used. The resin coating film 21 may be removed at the time of the spline processing. However, when a part of the resin coating film 21 remains after the spline processing, a part of the resin coating film 21 to be left becomes a part of the tool 20 during the processing. It is compressed between the surface of the hollow member 191 and returns to its original state after processing, and projects radially outward R1.
[0026]
In the present embodiment, in addition to the effect of the third embodiment, a rattling effect can be obtained by providing the resin coating film 21, and the play of the spline fitting between the two shaft portions 13, 142 can be remarkably reduced. As a result, vibration and noise can be reduced.
The following modifications can be considered for each embodiment of the present invention.
For example, the inner shaft portion 14 shown in FIG. 2 may have a solid shape. With reference to FIG. 8, the enlarged diameter portion 14d and the reduced diameter portion 13e may be always arranged apart from each other in the axial direction S. A plurality of reduced diameter portions 13e may be provided separately in the axial direction S. A plurality of enlarged diameter portions 14d may be provided spaced apart in the axial direction. The reduced diameter portion 13e may be arranged at the shaft end so as to open in the axial direction S. The enlarged diameter portion 14d may be arranged at the shaft end so as to open in the axial direction S.
[0027]
Referring to FIGS. 9B and 9C, as a modified example of inner shaft portion 142, one in which enlarged diameter portion 19 d of intermediate member 191 is omitted is also conceivable. Also in this case, the play effect by the resin coating film 21 can be obtained. Further, the inner shaft portion 142 or a modified example thereof may be used instead of the inner shaft portion 141 in the second embodiment.
Further, the above-described method of tracing with the resin coating film 21 is applied to the outer shaft portion 13 of the first, third, and fourth embodiments, and as shown in FIG. The female spline 15 may be formed on the inner periphery 17c of the hollow member 17 having the resin coating film 21 (see FIG. 9A) formed thereon. Also in this case, the effect of tracing can be obtained as described above. It is preferable that the resin coating film 21 has the same axial position as that of the reduced diameter portion 17e in order to obtain a rattling effect, but it is also possible to omit the reduced diameter portion 17e.
[0028]
As a method for processing the female spline, rolling, gear cutting, broaching, or the like can be used. As a processing method of the male spline, a rolling process, a gear cutting process, or the like can be used. Further, as a method of processing the spline when the resin coating film 21 is formed, a forming method by cutting such as gear cutting and broaching is preferable.
Referring to FIG. 1, each embodiment of the present invention is applied to a steering shaft 4 as a telescopic shaft, and the steering shaft 4 is configured in the same manner as the intermediate shafts 2, 201, 202 of the above-described embodiments. Alternatively, in this case, the upper shaft 10 may be an inner shaft and the lower shaft 11 may be an outer shaft. In addition, various changes can be made within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a vehicle steering system including an intermediate shaft as a telescopic shaft according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a main part of the intermediate shaft of FIG.
FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of a main part of the intermediate shaft shown in FIG.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a processing procedure of the outer shaft portion of the intermediate shaft shown in FIG. 2, and is shown in the order of FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D and 4E according to the processing order; Shows an enlarged view of a state during the formation of the spline.
FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a main part of an intermediate shaft according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
6 is an exploded perspective view of a main part of the intermediate shaft shown in FIG.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing a processing procedure of the inner shaft portion of the intermediate shaft shown in FIG. 5, and is shown in the order of FIG. 7A, FIG. 7B, FIG. 7C, FIG. 7D and FIG. 7D shows a state in which the spline is being formed in an enlarged manner.
FIG. 8 is a sectional view of a main part of an intermediate shaft according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing a processing procedure of the inner shaft portion according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, which is shown in the order of FIGS. 9A, 9B, and 9C according to the processing order.
[Explanation of symbols]
2,201,202 Intermediate shaft (Telescopic shaft)
4 Steering shaft (stretchable shaft)
10 Upper shaft (outer shaft)
11 Lower shaft (inner shaft)
13, 131 outer shaft portion 13b outer shaft portion fitting hole 13e reduced diameter portion 14, 141, 142 inner shaft portion 14d enlarged diameter portion 15 female spline 16 male spline 17, 19, 191 hollow member 17c, 19c inside hollow member Peripheries 17d, 19b Outer periphery 17e of hollow member Reduced diameter portion 19d of hollow member Large diameter portion S of hollow member S Axial direction

Claims (3)

雌スプラインを軸方向に形成した外軸部の嵌合孔に、上記雌スプラインに係合する雄スプラインを軸方向に形成した内軸部を挿入してなる伸縮自在シャフトにおいて、上記外軸部は外周に縮径部を設けた中空部材の内周に雌スプラインを形成してなることを特徴とする伸縮自在シャフト。In a telescopic shaft, a female spline is inserted into a fitting hole of an outer shaft portion formed in an axial direction, and an inner shaft portion formed with an axial direction of a male spline engaged with the female spline is inserted. A telescopic shaft, wherein a female spline is formed on the inner periphery of a hollow member having a reduced diameter portion on the outer periphery. 雌スプラインを軸方向に形成した外軸部の嵌合孔に、上記雌スプラインに係合する雄スプラインを軸方向に形成した内軸部を挿入してなる伸縮自在シャフトにおいて、上記内軸部は内周に拡径部を設けた中空部材の外周に雄スプラインを形成してなることを特徴とする伸縮自在シャフト。In a telescopic shaft formed by inserting an inner shaft portion formed with a male spline in the axial direction engaging with the female spline into a fitting hole of an outer shaft portion formed with a female spline in the axial direction, the inner shaft portion is A telescopic shaft, wherein a male spline is formed on the outer periphery of a hollow member having an enlarged diameter portion on the inner periphery. 雌スプラインを軸方向に形成した外軸部の嵌合孔に、上記雌スプラインに係合する雄スプラインを軸方向に形成した内軸部を挿入してなる伸縮自在シャフトにおいて、上記外軸部は外周に縮径部を設けた第1の中空部材の内周に雌スプラインを形成してなり、上記内軸部は内周に拡径部を設けた第2の中空部材の外周に雄スプラインを形成してなることを特徴とする伸縮自在シャフト。In a telescopic shaft, a female spline is inserted into a fitting hole of an outer shaft portion formed in an axial direction, and an inner shaft portion formed with an axial direction of a male spline engaged with the female spline is inserted. A female spline is formed on the inner periphery of a first hollow member provided with a reduced diameter portion on the outer periphery, and the inner shaft portion is provided with a male spline on the outer periphery of a second hollow member provided with an enlarged diameter portion on the inner periphery. A telescopic shaft characterized by being formed.
JP2003124326A 2003-04-28 2003-04-28 Telescopic shaft and manufacturing method thereof Expired - Fee Related JP4075676B2 (en)

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JP2009144835A (en) * 2007-12-14 2009-07-02 Toyota Motor Corp Shaft joining structure
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JP2011174607A (en) * 2009-12-25 2011-09-08 Nsk Ltd Spline machining method and spline shaft
JP2012117560A (en) * 2010-11-29 2012-06-21 Jtekt Corp Extensible shaft, method of manufacturing the same, and steering device for vehicle
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CN108145389A (en) * 2018-01-10 2018-06-12 青岛建邦供应链股份有限公司 A kind of cold extrusion shaped inside and outside hollow splined tube sliding pair production method of hydraulic pressure

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