JP2002177820A - Method and apparatus for feeding and carrying ground plastic and electrostatic separator for ground plastic - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for feeding and carrying ground plastic and electrostatic separator for ground plasticInfo
- Publication number
- JP2002177820A JP2002177820A JP2000376991A JP2000376991A JP2002177820A JP 2002177820 A JP2002177820 A JP 2002177820A JP 2000376991 A JP2000376991 A JP 2000376991A JP 2000376991 A JP2000376991 A JP 2000376991A JP 2002177820 A JP2002177820 A JP 2002177820A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- plastic
- electrostatic
- pulverized
- charging
- crushed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C7/00—Separating solids from solids by electrostatic effect
- B03C7/02—Separators
- B03C7/12—Separators with material falling free
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C7/00—Separating solids from solids by electrostatic effect
- B03C7/006—Charging without electricity supply, e.g. by tribo-electricity, pyroelectricity
Landscapes
- Air Transport Of Granular Materials (AREA)
- Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
- Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【0001】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、化学的ないし物理
的組成を異にする2種類以上の要素物体からなるプラス
チック混合物を、静電的に種類毎に分離・回収する装置
に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus for electrostatically separating and recovering a plastic mixture composed of two or more types of element bodies having different chemical or physical compositions for each type.
【0002】[0002]
【従来の技術】近年、プラスチック生産量の増加ととも
に、廃プラスチックの発生量が増大している。プラスチ
ックは比重が小さいため、重量では鉄やセメントの6分
の1程度であるが、体積としては最大の生産量に達して
いると考えられる。廃プラスチックは、排出量の約40
%が埋め立て処理、約50%が焼却処理されている。埋
め立てる方法は埋め立て地の残余年数減少の問題があ
り、焼却については炭酸ガス発生による地球温暖化や、
ダイオキシン等の有害ガス発生の問題がある。2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, with the increase in plastic production, the amount of waste plastic generated has increased. Since plastic has a low specific gravity, its weight is about one sixth of that of iron and cement, but it is considered that it has reached the maximum production volume. Waste plastic is about 40% of emissions
% Are landfilled and about 50% are incinerated. Landfill methods have the problem of reducing the remaining years of landfills, and incineration involves global warming due to the generation of carbon dioxide,
There is a problem of generating harmful gas such as dioxin.
【0003】また、廃プラスチックの再生利用は10%
程度であり、廃プラスチックのリサイクルは、ゴミ発電
を含めても25%と、紙やガラスびんと比べて大変低く
なっている。これは、廃プラスチックを種類別に分離で
きないことが大きな要因であり、リサイクルを促進し、
各素材がそれぞれに適したリサイクル材として用いられ
るためには、廃プラスチックを各種類別に分離回収する
必要がある。[0003] Recycling of waste plastic is 10%.
The recycling rate of waste plastic, including waste power generation, is 25%, much lower than that of paper and glass bottles. This is largely due to the inability to separate waste plastics by type, promoting recycling,
In order for each material to be used as a suitable recycled material, it is necessary to separate and collect each type of waste plastic.
【0004】そこで、プラスチックを分離する方法とし
て、X線や近赤外線センサを利用して色や材質を検知し
て分離する方法や、プラスチックの比重差を利用する方
法がある。Therefore, as a method of separating plastic, there are a method of detecting and separating a color and a material using an X-ray or near-infrared sensor, and a method of utilizing a specific gravity difference of plastic.
【0005】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、X線や
近赤外線センサを利用する方法は、PETボトルのよう
に大きくて同一素材でできたものの分離に限定されてお
り、様々な大きさ,形状のプラスチックで構成されてい
るものを種類別に分離することは困難である。また、プ
ラスチックの比重差を利用する方法では、近い比重を持
つプラスチックを分離することは困難であり、水等の比
重液を使用するため廃液処理が必要になり、処理コスト
がかさむという問題がある。However, the method of using an X-ray or near-infrared sensor is limited to the separation of a large bottle made of the same material, such as a PET bottle, and has various sizes and shapes. It is difficult to separate plastic components by type. Further, in the method utilizing the difference in specific gravity of plastics, it is difficult to separate plastics having a specific gravity close to each other, and since a specific gravity liquid such as water is used, waste liquid treatment is required, and there is a problem that the treatment cost increases. .
【0006】本発明は、上記従来の技術の問題点を解決
するため、プラスチックの帯電を利用してプラスチック
を各種類別に分離・回収する方法であり、簡便かつ安価
で選別精度の高い選別装置を提供することを目的とす
る。The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and is a method for separating and recovering plastics for each type by using charging of plastics. A simple and inexpensive sorting apparatus with high sorting accuracy is provided. The purpose is to provide.
【0007】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記目的を達成するため
に本発明の静電選別装置は、プラスチックを搬送するた
めの送風手段と、送風を加熱して温風にする加熱手段
と、プラスチックを搬送路に供給する供給路を備えた供
給手段とを設け、送風手段と加熱手段と供給手段の供給
路とをそれぞれ連接しプラスチックを搬送する搬送路を
設けるとともに、搬送中にプラスチックを帯電させる帯
電手段と、帯電したプラスチックを静電場に導入してプ
ラスチックを種類別に種別する静電分離手段と、静電分
離手段の下方に配置された複数の回収容器を備えたこと
を特徴とする。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an electrostatic separation apparatus comprising: a blowing means for conveying plastic; a heating means for heating the blowing air to generate hot air; A supply unit having a supply path for supplying the supply path to the conveyance path is provided.The supply path of the blower unit, the heating unit, and the supply unit of the supply unit are connected to each other, and a conveyance path for conveying the plastic is provided. Means, an electrostatic separation means for introducing the charged plastic into an electrostatic field to classify the plastics by type, and a plurality of collection containers arranged below the electrostatic separation means.
【0008】これにより、近い比重を持つプラスチック
も種類別に分離・回収が可能になり、各プラスチックに
最適なリサイクルをすることができるため、これまでシ
ュレッダーダストとして埋め立てもしくは焼却処理され
てきたプラスチックの量を大幅に減少させることがで
き、環境への負荷を軽減することができる。[0008] This makes it possible to separate and recover plastics having a specific gravity close to each other by type, and it is possible to optimally recycle each plastic. Therefore, the amount of plastics that have been landfilled or incinerated as shredder dust so far. Can be greatly reduced, and the burden on the environment can be reduced.
【0009】また、本発明の静電選別装置は、供給路と
輸送路の断面積比及び連接角度を規定し、さらに供給路
と搬送路連接部の搬送路内部に急収縮管を設けることに
より、スクリューバルブあるいはロータリーバルブ等の
供給手段が不要になるため静電分離装置を小型化するこ
とができるとともに、一定量のプラスチックを安定して
搬送することができる。Further, the electrostatic sorting apparatus of the present invention defines a sectional area ratio and a connection angle between the supply path and the transport path, and further provides a rapid contraction tube inside the transport path at the connection section between the supply path and the transport path. This eliminates the need for a supply means such as a screw valve or a rotary valve, so that the electrostatic separation device can be miniaturized and a certain amount of plastic can be stably conveyed.
【0010】また、プラスチックの搬送に温風を用い、
帯電手段として搬送路内に設置したスクリューとサイク
ロンを用いることにより、連続処理が可能になるととも
に、帯電バラツキのない効率的な帯電が可能となり、精
度良くプラスチックを分離することができる。In addition, warm air is used to transport the plastic,
By using a screw and a cyclone installed in the transport path as the charging means, continuous processing becomes possible, and efficient charging without charge variation becomes possible, and plastic can be separated with high accuracy.
【0011】さらに、プラスチックの落下速度低減手段
の設置、静電分離手段の静電場に導入する部分(一対の
電極の入り口側電極間)への導入板の設置により分離精
度のバラツキを改善し、回収容器の仕切り板設置により
不純物の混入を防ぎ純度の高いプラスチックを回収する
ことができる。[0011] Furthermore, by providing a means for reducing the falling speed of the plastic, and by installing an introduction plate at a portion (between the electrodes on the entrance side of the pair of electrodes) to be introduced into the electrostatic field of the electrostatic separation means, variation in separation accuracy is improved. By installing the partition plate of the collection container, contamination of impurities can be prevented, and high-purity plastic can be collected.
【0012】[0012]
【発明の実施の形態】請求項1に記載の発明は、プラス
チック粉砕物を搬送する搬送部と、プラスチック粉砕物
を搬送中に帯電させる帯電部と、帯電したプラスチック
粉砕物を静電場に導入して種類別に分離する静電分離部
と、静電分離部の下方に配置された複数の回収容器を備
えるプラスチックの静電選別装置において、プラスチッ
ク粉砕物を搬送するための送風手段と、送風を加熱して
温風にする加熱手段と、プラスチック粉砕物を搬送路に
供給する供給路を備えた供給手段とを設け、送風手段と
加熱手段と供給手段の供給路とを順に連接し、供給路内
を負圧にすることによりプラスチック粉砕物を搬送路に
吸引し、送風手段の風力により搬送することを特徴とす
るプラスチック粉砕物の供給・搬送方法であり、ロータ
リーバルブやスクリューバルブ等の供給手段、ベルトコ
ンベア等の搬送手段を用いることなくプラスチック粉砕
物を供給・搬送できるために装置を小型化することがで
きるとともに、プラスチック粉砕物を定量的に安定して
搬送することができるという作用を有する。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS According to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a transport section for transporting a crushed plastic article, a charging section for charging the plastic crushed article during transport, and introducing the charged crushed plastic article into an electrostatic field. A separating unit that separates the types of plastics, a plurality of collecting containers disposed below the separating unit, and a plastic electrostatic sorting device that includes a blowing unit for transporting the pulverized plastic; A heating means for producing hot air by heating and a supply means having a supply path for supplying the plastic pulverized material to the conveying path, and connecting the blowing means, the heating means and the supply path of the supply means in order, Is a method of supplying and transporting plastic crushed material, wherein the plastic crushed material is sucked into a transport path by applying a negative pressure to the transport path, and transported by wind force of a blowing means. It is possible to supply and transport the plastic pulverized material without using a feeding means such as a valve and a transporting means such as a belt conveyor, so that the apparatus can be downsized and the plastic pulverized material can be quantitatively and stably transported. Has the effect of being able to.
【0013】請求項2に記載の発明は、プラスチック粉
砕物を搬送する搬送部と、プラスチック粉砕物を搬送中
に帯電させる帯電部と、帯電したプラスチック粉砕物を
静電場に導入して種類別に分離する静電分離部と、静電
分離部の下方に配置された複数の回収容器を備えるプラ
スチックの静電選別装置において、プラスチック粉砕物
を搬送するための送風手段と、プラスチック粉砕物を搬
送路に供給する供給路を備えた供給手段とを設け、送風
手段と供給手段の供給路とを順に連接したことを特徴と
するプラスチック粉砕物の供給・搬送装置であり、送風
手段により発生する風力を利用してプラスチック粉砕物
の供給・搬送を行うため、ロータリーバルブやスクリュ
ーバルブ等の供給手段、ベルトコンベア等の搬送手段を
用いることなくプラスチック粉砕物を供給・搬送できる
ため装置を小型化することができるという作用を有す
る。According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a transport section for transporting a crushed plastic article, a charging section for charging the crushed plastic article during transport, and introducing the charged crushed plastic article into an electrostatic field to separate the plastic crushed articles by type. An electrostatic separation unit, and a plastic electrostatic sorting device including a plurality of collection containers disposed below the electrostatic separation unit, a blowing unit for conveying the plastic pulverized material, and the plastic pulverized material to a conveying path. A supply means provided with a supply path for supplying, and a supply / transportation device for the pulverized plastic material, wherein the supply means of the supply means and the supply path of the supply means are connected in order, utilizing wind power generated by the supply means. To supply and transport the plastic pulverized material by using a rotary valve or screw valve, and supply means such as a belt conveyor. It has an effect that it is possible to reduce the size of the apparatus because it can supply and transport the stick pulverized product.
【0014】請求項3に記載の発明は、プラスチック粉
砕物を搬送する搬送部と、プラスチック粉砕物を搬送中
に帯電させる帯電部と、帯電したプラスチック粉砕物を
静電場に導入して種類別に分離する静電分離部と、静電
分離部の下方に配置された複数の回収容器を備えるプラ
スチックの静電選別装置において、プラスチック粉砕物
を搬送するための送風手段と、送風を加熱して温風にす
る加熱手段と、プラスチック粉砕物を搬送路に供給する
供給路を備えた供給手段とを設け、送風手段と加熱手段
と供給手段の供給路とを順に連接したことを特徴とする
プラスチック粉砕物の供給・搬送装置であり、プラスチ
ック粉砕物の乾燥と供給および搬送を同時に行うことが
できるため、乾燥炉等の設備が不要になり、処理コスト
を低減することができるという作用を有する。According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a transport section for transporting a plastic pulverized product, a charging section for charging the plastic pulverized product during transport, and introducing the charged plastic pulverized product into an electrostatic field to separate the plastic pulverized product by type. An electrostatic separation unit, a plastic electrostatic sorting device having a plurality of collection containers disposed below the electrostatic separation unit, an air blowing unit for conveying the plastic pulverized material, and a hot air heated by blowing air. Heating means, and a supply means having a supply path for supplying the plastic pulverized material to the transport path, wherein the blower means, the heating means, and the supply path of the supply means are connected in order. Since it is a supply and transfer device for drying and supplying and transferring plastic pulverized materials at the same time, equipment such as a drying furnace is not required, and processing costs can be reduced. It has the effect of kill.
【0015】請求項4に記載の発明は、請求項2または
3に記載の発明において、供給路が、搬送路内の空気の
流れ方向に垂直な面から空気の流れ方向と逆方向に10
°〜80°の角度で傾斜させて接合されていることを特
徴とするプラスチック粉砕物の供給・搬送装置であり、
供給路を傾斜をつけて搬送路に接合することにより、供
給路側への空気(プラスチック粉砕物)の逆流を防止す
ることができるため、プラスチック粉砕物を安定して搬
送路に供給することができるという作用を有する。According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the second or third aspect of the present invention, the supply path extends from a plane perpendicular to the air flow direction in the transport path in a direction opposite to the air flow direction.
It is a feeding and conveying device for plastic pulverized material, characterized in that the device is joined by being inclined at an angle of ° to 80 °,
Since the supply path is inclined and joined to the conveyance path, backflow of air (plastic crushed material) to the supply path side can be prevented, so that the plastic crushed substance can be stably supplied to the conveyance path. It has the action of:
【0016】プラスチック粉砕物が自重で供給路から搬
送路に落下するためには、送風手段により発生した空気
が供給路側へ逆流せずに搬送路内を通過しなければなら
ない。供給路の連接角度を搬送路内の空気の流れ方向に
垂直な面から空気の流れ方向と逆方向に80°よりも大
きくしたり空気の流れ方向に傾斜して連接すると、供給
路方向への空気の逆流が発生しプラスチック粉砕物が供
給路から吹き出してしまう。また、10°未満にすると
プラスチック粉砕物が供給路から自重で落下しづらくな
り供給路内に詰まってしまうために搬送路に供給できな
くなる。In order for the plastic crushed material to drop from the supply path to the transport path by its own weight, the air generated by the blowing means must pass through the transport path without flowing back to the supply path side. When the connection angle of the supply path is set to be greater than 80 ° in a direction opposite to the air flow direction from a plane perpendicular to the air flow direction in the transport path or is connected inclining in the air flow direction, Backflow of air occurs, and the pulverized plastics blow out from the supply path. On the other hand, if the angle is less than 10 °, the crushed plastic material is less likely to fall from the supply path by its own weight, and is clogged in the supply path, so that it cannot be supplied to the transport path.
【0017】請求項5に記載の発明は、請求項2から4
のいずれかに記載の発明において、供給路の断面積が搬
送路断面積に対し1/20〜1/2倍であることを特徴
とするプラスチック粉砕物の供給・搬送装置であり、供
給路側への空気(プラスチック粉砕物)の逆流防止効果
をさらに高めることができるという作用を有する。The invention according to claim 5 is the invention according to claims 2 to 4
In the invention described in any one of the above, a supply / conveyance apparatus for the pulverized plastic material, wherein a sectional area of the supply path is 1/20 to 1/2 times a sectional area of the transport path, This has the effect that the effect of preventing the backflow of air (crushed plastic) can be further enhanced.
【0018】ここで、供給路断面積を搬送路断面積の1
/20倍未満にすると、搬送路断面積が小さい場合に
は、大きい粒径のプラスチック粉砕物が供給路に詰まっ
てしまう危険性がある。そのために搬送路を大きくする
と装置が大型化するとともに、送風手段である送風機も
能力の高い高価な送風機が必要になる。また、供給路断
面積を搬送路断面積の1/2倍よりも大きくすると空気
の供給路方向への逆流が発生しプラスチック粉砕物が吹
き出してしまう危険がある。Here, the sectional area of the supply path is set to 1 of the sectional area of the transport path.
If the ratio is less than / 20, there is a risk that the plastic crushed material having a large particle diameter may be clogged in the supply path when the cross-sectional area of the conveyance path is small. Therefore, if the conveying path is enlarged, the size of the apparatus is increased, and an expensive blower having a high capacity is required for the blower as the blower. Further, if the cross-sectional area of the supply path is larger than 1/2 times the cross-sectional area of the transport path, there is a danger that air will flow backward in the direction of the supply path and the plastic crushed material will blow out.
【0019】請求項6に記載の発明は、請求項2または
3に記載の発明において、供給路と搬送路接合部よりも
送風手段側の搬送路内部に、空気の流れ方向に狭くなっ
ている急収縮管を配置したことを特徴とするプラスチッ
ク粉砕物の供給・搬送装置であり、2種類のガスを混合
するときに使用されるエジェクタ効果を応用したもので
ある。急収縮管から排出される空気の流速が増加するた
めにベルヌーイの定理により接合部付近の圧力が低下
し、供給路内部に大きい負圧を発生させプラスチック粉
砕物を吸引して搬送路に供給するものであり、プラスチ
ック粉砕物の搬送路への供給能力をさらに向上させると
いう作用を有する。According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the second or third aspect of the present invention, the inside of the transport path closer to the blower than the supply path and the transport path junction is narrowed in the air flow direction. A plastic pulverized material supply / transportation device characterized by having a rapid shrinkage tube, wherein the ejector effect used when mixing two types of gases is applied. The pressure near the junction decreases due to Bernoulli's theorem due to the increase in the flow velocity of the air discharged from the rapid shrinkage tube, a large negative pressure is generated inside the supply path, and the plastic crushed material is sucked and supplied to the transport path This has the effect of further improving the ability to supply the pulverized plastic to the conveying path.
【0020】請求項7に記載の発明は、請求項2または
3または6に記載の発明において、急収縮管の出口断面
積が搬送路断面積の1/100〜1/2倍であることを
特徴とするプラスチック粉砕物の供給・搬送装置であ
り、帯電手段であるスクリュー及びサイクロンの圧力損
失の影響によるプラスチック粉砕物の逆流を防止効果を
高めることができるとともに、断面積比を変更すること
によってプラスチック粉砕物を搬送する風圧,風速を自
由に変更することが可能であるという作用を有する。According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the second, third or sixth aspect of the present invention, it is preferable that the cross-sectional area of the outlet of the rapid-shrink tube is 1/100 to 1/2 times the cross-sectional area of the conveying path. It is a supply and transport device for plastic pulverized materials, which can enhance the effect of preventing the backflow of plastic pulverized materials due to the pressure loss of the screw and cyclone that are the charging means, and by changing the cross-sectional area ratio It has the effect of being able to freely change the wind pressure and wind speed for transporting the crushed plastic.
【0021】ここで、急収縮管の出口断面積を搬送路断
面積の1/100倍未満にすると、圧力損失によりプラ
スチック粉砕物の搬送能力が低下してしまうとともに送
風機に過負荷がかかり故障の原因となる。また、1/2
倍よりも大きくするとエジェクタ効果が減少し搬送路へ
の供給能力が減少する。If the cross-sectional area of the outlet of the rapid-shrink tube is less than 1/100 times the cross-sectional area of the conveying path, the conveying capacity of the plastic pulverized material is reduced due to the pressure loss, and the blower is overloaded. Cause. Also, 1/2
If it is larger than double, the ejector effect is reduced and the supply capacity to the transport path is reduced.
【0022】請求項8に記載の発明は、請求項3記載の
発明において、加熱手段により加熱された温風の温度を
70〜100℃の範囲に制御することを特徴とするプラ
スチック粉砕物の供給・搬送装置であり、結露による搬
送路内部の水分を除去するとともに、プラスチック粉砕
物に吸着した水分を除去することによりプラスチックの
帯電量を大きくすることができ、分離精度が向上すると
いう作用を有する。According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, in accordance with the third aspect of the present invention, the temperature of the hot air heated by the heating means is controlled within a range of 70 to 100 ° C. A transport device that removes water inside the transport path due to condensation and removes moisture adsorbed on pulverized plastics, thereby increasing the amount of charge on the plastic and improving the separation accuracy. .
【0023】ここで、温風温度を70℃未満にすると搬
送管内部及びプラスチック粉砕物に吸着した水分の除去
効果が減少し、帯電量が小さくなり分離精度が悪化して
しまう。逆に、100℃以上にするとプラスチックによ
っては熱劣化が発生し、再成型品の特性が著しく低下し
てしまう。If the temperature of the hot air is set to less than 70 ° C., the effect of removing water adsorbed on the inside of the conveying pipe and the pulverized plastic material is reduced, the charge amount is reduced, and the separation accuracy is deteriorated. Conversely, if the temperature is set to 100 ° C. or higher, thermal deterioration occurs depending on the plastic, and the characteristics of the remolded product are significantly reduced.
【0024】請求項9に記載の発明は、プラスチック粉
砕物を搬送する搬送部と、プラスチック粉砕物を搬送中
に帯電させる帯電部と、帯電したプラスチック粉砕物を
静電場に導入して種類別に分離する静電分離部と、静電
分離部の下方に配置された複数の回収容器を備えるプラ
スチックの静電選別装置において、帯電手段が搬送路の
内部の一部もしくは全体に配置したスクリュー羽根とサ
イクロンで構成されていることを特徴とするプラスチッ
ク粉砕物の静電選別装置であり、スクリュー羽根との衝
突・摩擦により帯電したプラスチック粉砕物をサイクロ
ンによりさらに強く帯電させることができるとともに、
スクリュー羽根で十分に帯電しなかったプラスチック粉
砕物をサイクロンで帯電させることにより帯電バラツキ
及び帯電量の小さいプラスチック粉砕物がなくなり分離
精度を向上させることができるという作用を有する。According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a transport section for transporting a crushed plastic article, a charging section for charging the crushed plastic article during transport, and introducing the charged crushed plastic article into an electrostatic field to separate the crushed plastic article by type. An electrostatic separation unit, and a plastic electrostatic separation device including a plurality of collection containers arranged below the electrostatic separation unit, wherein the charging means is provided with a screw blade and a cyclone arranged partially or entirely within the transport path. It is an electrostatic sorting device for plastic pulverized material characterized by being constituted by, and it is possible to more strongly charge the plastic pulverized material charged by collision and friction with the screw blade by the cyclone,
By charging the plastic pulverized material that is not sufficiently charged by the screw blade with the cyclone, the plastic pulverized material having a small charge variation and a small charge amount is eliminated, so that the separation accuracy can be improved.
【0025】請求項10に記載の発明は、請求項9に記
載の発明において、スクリュー羽根の外径が搬送路内径
の1/2〜1倍であることを特徴とするプラスチック粉
砕物の静電選別装置であり、プラスチック粉砕物が十分
にスクリュー羽根と衝突・接触帯電することにより帯電
量のバラツキを少なくし、分離精度を向上させることが
できるという作用を有する。According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, in accordance with the ninth aspect of the present invention, the outer diameter of the screw blade is 1/2 to 1 times the inner diameter of the conveying path, and the electrostatic discharge of the pulverized plastic material is performed. This is a sorting device, which has the effect of reducing the variation in charge amount and improving the separation accuracy by sufficiently colliding and contacting the crushed plastic with the screw blade.
【0026】プラスチック粉砕物の帯電量は衝突・摩擦
頻度が多いほど大きくなる。スクリュー羽根の外径を搬
送路内径の1/2倍未満にすると衝突・摩擦頻度が少な
くなり帯電量が小さくなったり、衝突・摩擦頻度にバラ
ツキが生じることにより帯電量にバラツキが発生し分離
精度が低下するという問題がある。また、スクリュー羽
根は搬送路内に設置するためスクリュー羽根の外径を搬
送路の内径1倍よりも大きくすることができない。The charge amount of the pulverized plastic material increases as the frequency of collision and friction increases. If the outer diameter of the screw blade is less than half the inner diameter of the transport path, the frequency of collision / friction will decrease and the amount of charge will decrease, and the frequency of collision / friction will vary, causing variation in the amount of charge and separation accuracy. Is reduced. Further, since the screw blade is provided in the transport path, the outer diameter of the screw blade cannot be made larger than one time the inner diameter of the transport path.
【0027】請求項11に記載の発明は、請求項9また
は10に記載の発明において、スクリュー羽根の羽根ピ
ッチがスクリュー羽根外径の1/2〜5倍であることを
特徴とするプラスチック粉砕物の静電選別置であり、プ
ラスチック粉砕物が十分にスクリュー羽根と衝突・接触
帯電するとともに、供給路のプラスチック粉砕物の逆流
を防止することができるという作用を有する。An eleventh aspect of the present invention is the crushed plastic product according to the ninth or tenth aspect, wherein the blade pitch of the screw blade is 1/2 to 5 times the outer diameter of the screw blade. The electrostatic sorter has the function of sufficiently crushing and contacting the plastic crushed material with the screw blades and preventing backflow of the plastic crushed material in the supply path.
【0028】ここで、スクリュー羽根の羽根ピッチをス
クリュー羽根外径の1/2倍よりも小さくすると、スク
リュー羽根設置により静圧が大きくなるため供給路への
空気逆流の危険がある。また、5倍よりも大きくすると
衝突・接触頻度を多くするために長いスクリュー羽根を
搬送路内に配置する必要があり装置が大型化してしまう
とともに、静圧も大きくなるため供給路へが空気が逆流
しプラスチック粉砕物が供給路から吹き出してしまう危
険がある。Here, when the blade pitch of the screw blade is smaller than 1/2 of the outer diameter of the screw blade, the static pressure increases due to the installation of the screw blade, and there is a risk of air backflow to the supply path. On the other hand, if it is larger than 5 times, it is necessary to arrange long screw blades in the conveying path to increase the frequency of collision and contact, which increases the size of the apparatus and increases the static pressure, so that air is supplied to the supply path. There is a danger that the backflow plastic crushed product will blow out from the supply channel.
【0029】請求項12に記載の発明は、請求項9から
11のいずれかに記載の発明において、帯電手段により
帯電したプラスチック粉砕物の帯電量が±0.001〜
10nC/cm2であることを特徴とするプラスチック
粉砕物の静電選別装置であり、プラスチックの帯電量を
前記範囲内にすることにより分離精度を高めることがで
きるために純度の高いプラスチックを回収することがで
きるという作用を有する。According to a twelfth aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, the charge amount of the crushed plastic charged by the charging means is ± 0.001 to 0.001.
An electrostatic separator for pulverized plastics, characterized in that it has a charge of 10 nC / cm 2 , and a high-purity plastic can be recovered because separation accuracy can be improved by setting the charge amount of the plastic within the above range. It has the effect of being able to.
【0030】静電分離において、電圧を印可した一対の
電極間の静電場内でのプラスチック粉砕物の水平方向の
移動距離が大きいほど分離精度は向上する。帯電量が±
0.001nC/cm2未満であれば水平方向の移動距
離が小さくなり分離精度が悪化し、その結果回収したプ
ラスチック粉砕物の純度も悪くなる。また、摩擦帯電で
は±10nC/cm2よりも大きな帯電量を得ることは
困難である。In electrostatic separation, the separation accuracy improves as the horizontal movement distance of the crushed plastic in the electrostatic field between the pair of electrodes to which a voltage is applied increases. ±
If it is less than 0.001 nC / cm 2 , the moving distance in the horizontal direction is reduced, and the separation accuracy is deteriorated. As a result, the purity of the collected pulverized plastic is also deteriorated. Further, it is difficult to obtain a charge amount larger than ± 10 nC / cm 2 by friction charging.
【0031】請求項13に記載の発明は、プラスチック
粉砕物を搬送する搬送部と、プラスチック粉砕物を搬送
中に帯電させる帯電部と、帯電したプラスチック粉砕物
を静電場に導入して種類別に分離する静電分離部と、静
電分離部の下方に配置された複数の回収容器を備えるプ
ラスチックの静電選別装置において、帯電部で帯電した
プラスチック粉砕物を静電分離部の静電場に導入する際
に、導入速度を低減させる手段を設けたことを特徴とす
るプラスチック粉砕物の静電選別装置であり、電極間で
のプラスチック粉砕物の落下速度が低減することによ
り、より長い時間静電場の影響を受けるため水平方向へ
の移動距離が大きくなり分離精度を向上させることがで
きるという作用を有する。According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, a transport section for transporting a plastic pulverized material, a charging section for charging the plastic pulverized material during transportation, and introducing the charged plastic pulverized material into an electrostatic field to separate them by type In a plastic electrostatic sorting device including a static separation unit to be cleaned and a plurality of collection containers disposed below the electrostatic separation unit, the plastic crushed material charged by the charging unit is introduced into the electrostatic field of the electrostatic separation unit. A device for reducing the introduction speed, which is an electrostatic sorting device for crushed plastics, characterized in that the falling speed of the crushed plastics between the electrodes is reduced, so that the electrostatic field for a longer time is reduced. Because of the influence, the moving distance in the horizontal direction increases, and the separation accuracy can be improved.
【0032】請求項14に記載の発明は、プラスチック
粉砕物を搬送する搬送部と、プラスチック粉砕物を搬送
中に帯電させる帯電部と、帯電したプラスチック粉砕物
を静電場に導入して種類別に分離する静電分離部と、静
電分離部の下方に配置された複数の回収容器を備えるプ
ラスチックの静電選別装置において、静電分離部の一対
の対向する電極間の入り口側にプラスチック粉砕物の落
下位置を規定する手段を設けたことを特徴とするプラス
チック粉砕物の静電選別装置であり、帯電手段で帯電し
たプラスチック粉砕物を確実に電極間の所定位置に投入
することができるため分離精度を向上させることができ
る。また、同じ帯電方法でもプラスチックの種類により
帯電量に差が発生するため、帯電量の異なる2種類以上
が混在したプラスチック粉砕物を分離する場合、導入板
の位置調整により電極間への投入位置を変更することが
でき、その結果分離精度を向上させることができるとい
う作用を有する。According to a fourteenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a transport section for transporting a crushed plastic article, a charging section for charging the crushed plastic article during transport, and introducing the charged crushed plastic article into an electrostatic field to separate each type. In a plastic electrostatic separation device having a plurality of collection containers arranged below the electrostatic separation unit and the electrostatic separation unit, a plastic pulverized material is placed at an entrance side between a pair of opposed electrodes of the electrostatic separation unit. This is an electrostatic sorting device for pulverized plastics, characterized by having a means for defining the drop position. The precision of separation can be ensured because the pulverized plastics charged by the charging means can be reliably put into a predetermined position between the electrodes. Can be improved. In addition, even if the same charging method is used, a difference in charge amount occurs depending on the type of plastic. Therefore, when separating pulverized plastic materials in which two or more types having different charge amounts are mixed, the position of the introduction plate between the electrodes is adjusted by adjusting the position of the introduction plate. It can be changed, and as a result, the separation accuracy can be improved.
【0033】つまり、帯電量の大きいプラスチック粉砕
物と帯電量の小さいプラスチック粉砕物の混合物の分離
において、電極間の中心からプラスチック粉砕物を導入
した場合、帯電量の大きいプラスチック粉砕物は問題な
いが、帯電量の小さいプラスチック粉砕物は水平方向の
移動距離が小さいため回収率が悪化してしまう。そこ
で、帯電量の小さいプラスチック粉砕物を回収する電極
側に導入板を近づけることにより水平方向への移動距離
が小さくても所望の回収容器に回収することができ、帯
電量の大きいプラスチック粉砕物は水平方向への移動距
離が大きく反対側の回収容器に回収することができるた
め分離精度を向上させることができる。That is, in the separation of a mixture of a plastic crushed material having a large charge and a plastic crushed material having a small charge, when the plastic crushed material is introduced from the center between the electrodes, the plastic crushed material having a large charge does not cause any problem. On the other hand, a plastic pulverized material having a small charge amount has a small moving distance in the horizontal direction, so that the recovery rate is deteriorated. Therefore, by bringing the introduction plate closer to the electrode side for collecting the small amount of plastic pulverized matter, the pulverized plastic having a large amount of charge can be collected in a desired collection container even if the moving distance in the horizontal direction is small. Since the moving distance in the horizontal direction is large and can be collected in the collection container on the opposite side, separation accuracy can be improved.
【0034】請求項15に記載の発明は、請求項14に
記載の発明において、落下位置規定手段が一対の対向配
置した導入板であり、一対の対向配置した電極間入り口
側上部から電極長さの1/40〜1/4倍挿入すること
を特徴とするプラスチック粉砕物の静電選別装置であ
り、導入板を前記寸法内で電極間に挿入することによ
り、プラスチック粉砕物が電極間の外側に飛び出すこと
なく確実に電極間に落下させることができるという作用
を有する。According to a fifteenth aspect of the present invention, in the invention according to the fourteenth aspect, the falling position defining means is a pair of opposedly disposed introduction plates, and the length of the electrode from the upper side of the pair of opposedly arranged electrode entrances. An electrostatic separator for plastic pulverized material, wherein the plastic pulverized material is inserted between the electrodes within the dimensions described above, whereby the plastic pulverized material is inserted between the electrodes. This has the effect that it can be reliably dropped between the electrodes without jumping out of the electrode.
【0035】導入板の入り口側電極への挿入長さが電極
長さの1/40倍未満であれば、電極外側方向の静電場
によってプラスチック粉砕物が電極間の外側に飛び出し
てしまう。また、1/4倍よりも大きいと、プラスチッ
ク粉砕物が電極間に発生する静電場の影響を受ける時間
が少なくなり水平方向の移動距離が減少するため分離精
度が悪化する。その結果、電極長さを長くする必要が発
生し装置の大型化が問題になる。If the insertion length of the introduction plate into the entrance-side electrode is less than 1/40 of the electrode length, the pulverized plastic material will jump out of the space between the electrodes due to the electrostatic field in the outward direction of the electrode. On the other hand, if it is larger than 1/4, the time during which the plastic pulverized material is affected by the electrostatic field generated between the electrodes is reduced, and the moving distance in the horizontal direction is reduced. As a result, it is necessary to increase the length of the electrode, which causes an increase in the size of the device.
【0036】請求項16に記載の発明は、請求項14ま
たは15に記載の発明において、導入板が紙あるいは樹
脂あるいは木材あるいはセラミック等の絶縁体であるこ
とを特徴とするプラスチック粉砕物の静電選別装置であ
り、導入板に絶縁体を用いることにより導入板への放電
を防止することができるという作用を有する。The invention according to claim 16 is the invention according to claim 14 or 15, wherein the introduction plate is an insulator such as paper, resin, wood or ceramic. This is a sorting device, and has an effect that discharge to the introduction plate can be prevented by using an insulator for the introduction plate.
【0037】空気の絶縁破壊は10kV/cmであり、
これ以上の電圧を電極間に印可すると放電により静電場
が減少し分離精度が悪化する。従って、電極間に挿入す
る導入板に導電性材料を用いると、電極と導入板の間で
放電してしまう危険があるため、高い電圧を印可できな
くなり分離精度が悪化してしまう。The dielectric breakdown of air is 10 kV / cm,
When a voltage higher than this is applied between the electrodes, the electrostatic field decreases due to the discharge, and the separation accuracy deteriorates. Therefore, if a conductive material is used for the introduction plate inserted between the electrodes, there is a risk of discharging between the electrodes and the introduction plate, so that a high voltage cannot be applied and the separation accuracy deteriorates.
【0038】請求項17に記載の発明は、プラスチック
粉砕物を搬送する搬送部と、プラスチック粉砕物を搬送
中に帯電させる帯電部と、帯電したプラスチック粉砕物
を静電場に導入して種類別に分離する静電分離部と、静
電分離部の下方に配置された複数の回収容器を備えるプ
ラスチックの静電選別装置において、静電分離部の電極
表面に付着したプラスチック粉砕物を除去する手段を設
けたことを特徴とするプラスチック粉砕物の静電選別装
置であり、電極間の静電場の静電力減少を防止すること
ができるために、連続処理でも回収率及び純度が低下す
ることなく安定して良好な分離精度を確保することがで
きるという作用を有する。According to a seventeenth aspect of the present invention, a transport section for transporting a plastic pulverized material, a charging section for charging the plastic pulverized material during transportation, and introducing the charged plastic pulverized material into an electrostatic field to separate them by type In a plastic electrostatic separation device having an electrostatic separation unit to be separated and a plurality of collection containers arranged below the electrostatic separation unit, a unit for removing a plastic pulverized substance attached to an electrode surface of the electrostatic separation unit is provided. It is an electrostatic sorting device for pulverized plastics, characterized in that it can prevent the electrostatic force of the electrostatic field between the electrodes from decreasing, so that the recovery rate and purity do not decrease even in continuous processing. This has the effect that good separation accuracy can be ensured.
【0039】帯電したプラスチックの微粉は電極間の静
電力により逆極性の電極表面まで移動し付着する。電極
表面に微粉が付着すると静電力が減少しプラスチック粉
砕物の水平方向への移動距離が小さくなり分離精度が悪
化してしまう。従って、除去手段により定期的に電極表
面の微粉を取り除くことにより安定した分離精度を得る
ことができる。The charged plastic fine powder moves to and adheres to the electrode surface of the opposite polarity due to electrostatic force between the electrodes. When the fine powder adheres to the electrode surface, the electrostatic force decreases, the moving distance of the plastic crushed material in the horizontal direction decreases, and the separation accuracy deteriorates. Accordingly, stable separation accuracy can be obtained by removing fine powder on the electrode surface periodically by the removing means.
【0040】請求項18に記載の発明は、請求項17に
記載の発明において、前記静電分離部の電極に逆極性の
電圧を印加して電極表面に付着したプラスチック粉砕物
を除去することを特徴とするプラスチック粉砕物の静電
選別装置であり、電極の殴打や電極表面をワイパーで掃
き取るといった機能を用いることなく電極表面に付着し
たプラスチックを除去することができる。According to an eighteenth aspect of the present invention, in the above-mentioned seventeenth aspect, it is preferable that a voltage of a reverse polarity is applied to the electrode of the electrostatic separation unit to remove the crushed plastic adhered to the electrode surface. This is a device for electrostatically sorting plastic pulverized materials, which can remove plastic adhering to the electrode surface without using a function of hitting the electrode or sweeping the electrode surface with a wiper.
【0041】正に帯電したプラスチックの微粉は負の電
圧を印可した電極に付着するが、瞬間的に逆極性(正)
の電圧を印可すると、反対向きの静電力によりプラスチ
ック微粉が電極表面から離れる。その後、電圧印可を停
止すると微粉は自重により落下し電極表面から除去する
ことができる。負に帯電した微粉も同様に正の電圧を印
可した電極に瞬間的に逆極性(負)の電圧を印可するこ
とにより除去することができる。The positively charged plastic fine powder adheres to the electrode to which a negative voltage is applied, but momentarily reverse polarity (positive)
Is applied, the plastic fine powder is separated from the electrode surface by the electrostatic force in the opposite direction. Thereafter, when the voltage application is stopped, the fine powder falls by its own weight and can be removed from the electrode surface. Similarly, negatively charged fine powder can be removed by instantaneously applying a reverse polarity (negative) voltage to the electrode to which a positive voltage is applied.
【0042】請求項19に記載の発明は、プラスチック
粉砕物を搬送する搬送部と、プラスチック粉砕物を搬送
中に帯電させる帯電部と、帯電したプラスチック粉砕物
を静電場に導入して種類別に分離する静電分離部と、前
記静電分離部の下方に配置された複数の回収容器を備え
るプラスチックの静電選別装置において、前記回収容器
間に仕切り板を設けることを特徴とするプラスチック粉
砕物の静電選別装置であり、回収容器底面で跳ね返った
プラスチック粉砕物の混入を防ぎ純度の高いプラスチッ
クを回収することができるという作用を有する。According to a nineteenth aspect of the present invention, a transporting section for transporting a plastic pulverized product, a charging section for charging the plastic pulverized product during transport, and introducing the charged plastic pulverized product into an electrostatic field to separate them by type. An electrostatic separation unit, and a plastic electrostatic separation device including a plurality of collection containers disposed below the electrostatic separation unit, wherein a partition plate is provided between the collection containers, This is an electrostatic sorting device, which has the effect of preventing mixing of plastic pulverized material that has bounced off the bottom surface of the collection container and collecting high-purity plastic.
【0043】請求項20に記載の発明は、請求項19に
記載の発明において、複数の回収容器間に配置した仕切
り板の高さが異なることを特徴とするプラスチック粉砕
物の静電選別装置であり、高い純度を要求されるプラス
チックが回収される回収容器側の仕切り板の高さを高く
することにより、回収容器底面で跳ね返ったプラスチッ
ク粉砕物の混入を防止する効果がより高くなり、純度の
高いプラスチックを回収することができるという作用を
有する。According to a twentieth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an electrostatic sorting apparatus for a pulverized plastic material according to the nineteenth aspect, wherein the height of partition plates arranged between the plurality of collection containers is different. Yes, by increasing the height of the partition plate on the side of the collection container from which plastics requiring high purity are collected, the effect of preventing the mixing of plastic crushed material that bounces off the bottom of the collection container becomes higher, and the purity It has the effect that high plastics can be recovered.
【0044】請求項21に記載の発明は、請求項19ま
たは20に記載の発明において、仕切り板を回収容器底
面に垂直な面から電極中心方向へ10°〜45°の傾斜
をつけて設置することを特徴とするプラスチック粉砕物
の静電選別装置であり、回収容器底面で跳ね返ったプラ
スチック粉砕物が仕切り板を乗り越えて別の回収容器に
回収されるのを防ぐ効果がより高くなるため、純度の高
いプラスチックを回収することができるという作用を有
する。According to a twenty-first aspect of the present invention, in the invention of the nineteenth or twentieth aspect, the partition plate is installed at an angle of 10 ° to 45 ° from the plane perpendicular to the bottom surface of the collection container toward the electrode center. It is an electrostatic sorting device for plastic pulverized materials characterized by the fact that the plastic pulverized material bounced off the bottom of the collection container is more effectively prevented from climbing over the partition plate and being collected in another collection container. It has the effect of being able to recover plastics with a high density.
【0045】回収容器底面で跳ね返って仕切り板を乗り
越えるのは、仕切り板の近くに落下するプラスチック粉
砕物である。従って、仕切り板を傾斜して設置すること
によって、仕切り板の近くに落下するプラスチック粉砕
物は仕切り板側面に衝突し容器の遠方側に落下するた
め、仕切り板を乗り越えることがない。また、仕切り板
を傾斜して設置することによって、仕切り板の高さを高
くすることなく落下距離を確保することができる。仕切
り板の傾斜角度が10°より小さいと仕切り板側面への
衝突頻度が少ないため効果が小さく、45°より大きい
と仕切り板側面への衝突頻度が多くなるものの、容器の
外に落下したり、側面に衝突して隣の仕切り板を乗り越
える危険性があるため10°〜45°の傾斜をつけて設
置するのが好ましい。What bounces off the bottom of the collecting container and gets over the partition plate is a crushed plastic material falling near the partition plate. Therefore, by arranging the partition plate at an angle, the plastic crushed material falling near the partition plate collides with the side surface of the partition plate and falls to the far side of the container, so that it does not get over the partition plate. Further, by installing the partition plate at an angle, the falling distance can be secured without increasing the height of the partition plate. When the inclination angle of the partition plate is smaller than 10 °, the frequency of collision with the side of the partition plate is small, and the effect is small. When the inclination angle of the partition plate is larger than 45 °, the frequency of collision with the side of the partition plate is increased. Since there is a risk of colliding with the side surface and getting over the adjacent partition plate, it is preferable to set the inclination angle of 10 ° to 45 °.
【0046】以下、本発明の実施の形態について図1か
ら図8を用いて説明する。なお、ここでは同一部品には
同一の符号を付している。An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. Here, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals.
【0047】(実施の形態)図1は本発明の実施の形態
における静電選別装置の説明図で、図1に示すように、
実施の形態における静電選別装置は、被選別材料である
粉砕された2種類以上のプラスチック粉砕物が混在する
プラスチック混合物からそれぞれのプラスチック要素物
体を種類別に分離・回収する装置であり、ホッパー3に
投入されたプラスチック混合物は直進フィーダ4によっ
て定量的に供給路5から搬送路6に供給され、送風機1
とヒーター2で発生した温風とともに搬送路6を通って
帯電部に搬送される。(Embodiment) FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of an electrostatic sorting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG.
The electrostatic sorting device according to the embodiment is a device that separates and collects each plastic element object by type from a plastic mixture in which two or more types of crushed plastic crushed materials, which are materials to be sorted, are mixed. The injected plastic mixture is quantitatively supplied from the supply path 5 to the transport path 6 by the straight-ahead feeder 4, and the blower 1
And the hot air generated by the heater 2 are transported to the charging unit through the transport path 6.
【0048】ここで図2は搬送路に垂直な面から空気の
流れ方向と逆方向に供給路を接合した模式図で、図1に
示している供給路5と搬送路6との接合部分を示したも
のである。供給路5は送風機1で発生した空気の流れ方
向αに垂直な面から空気の流れ方向αと逆方向にθaの
角度で傾斜させて接合されている。図3は搬送路に垂直
に供給路を接合した模式図で、図3のように空気の流れ
方向αに対して垂直に供給路5を搬送路6に接合した
り、図4は搬送路に垂直な面から空気の流れ方向に供給
路を接合した模式図で、図4のように空気の流れ方向α
に垂直な面から空気の流れ方向αに傾斜して接合した場
合、空気が供給路5から吹き出してしまうためプラスチ
ック粉砕物を搬送路6に供給することができない。従っ
て、供給路5は図2に示すように、送風機1で発生した
空気の流れ方向αに垂直な面から空気の流れ方向αと逆
方向に傾斜させて接合する必要がある。また、傾斜角度
θaは10°から80°であればプラスチック粉砕物の
供給路内での詰まりや、空気の吹き出しによりプラスチ
ック粉砕物の吹き出しは発生しにくくなるが、好ましく
は20°から50°の傾斜角度で接合するのが望まし
い。さらに、供給路5の断面積を搬送路6の断面積の1
/20から1/2倍にすることによりスムーズにプラス
チック粉砕物を搬送路6へ供給することができる。Here, FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram in which the supply path is joined in a direction opposite to the flow direction of air from a plane perpendicular to the conveyance path, and the joint between the supply path 5 and the conveyance path 6 shown in FIG. It is shown. The supply path 5 is joined at an angle of θa in a direction opposite to the air flow direction α from a plane perpendicular to the air flow direction α generated by the blower 1. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram in which the supply path is joined perpendicular to the transport path. As shown in FIG. 3, the supply path 5 is joined to the transport path 6 perpendicular to the air flow direction α, and FIG. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram in which supply paths are joined in a direction of air flow from a vertical plane, and as shown in FIG.
In the case where the joining is performed in such a manner as to be inclined from the plane perpendicular to the air flow direction α, the air is blown out from the supply path 5, so that the pulverized plastic cannot be supplied to the transport path 6. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2, the supply path 5 must be joined by being inclined in a direction opposite to the air flow direction α from a plane perpendicular to the air flow direction α generated by the blower 1. Further, if the inclination angle θa is 10 ° to 80 °, clogging of the plastic crushed material in the supply path and blowing of the plastic crushed material due to blowing of air are unlikely to occur, but preferably 20 ° to 50 °. It is desirable to join at an inclined angle. Further, the cross-sectional area of the supply path 5 is set to 1
By increasing the ratio from / 20 to 倍, the pulverized plastic can be smoothly supplied to the transport path 6.
【0049】しかしながら、輸送管内に空気の流れを阻
害するような障害物があると輸送管内部の圧力が上昇
し、その圧力が大きい場合には供給路5の接合角度や供
給路5の断面積と搬送路6の断面積比調整だけでは供給
路5内部が負圧にならずプラスチック粉砕物が吹き出し
てしまう可能性がある。そこで図5は搬送路内に急収縮
管を設置した模式図で、図5に示すように、供給路5と
搬送路6の接合部よりも送風機1側の搬送路6内部に、
空気の流れ方向αに狭くなっている急収縮管16を配置
することによってプラスチック粉砕物の吸引力を強くす
ることができる。これは2種類のガスを混合するときに
使用されるエジェクタ効果を応用したものであり、A地
点での流速をVA,圧力をPA,B地点での流速をVB,
圧力をPBとすると、急収縮管16から排出された空気
の流速VBは流速VAよりも大きくなり(VB>VA)、ベ
ルヌーイの定理のエネルギー保存の法則により接合部付
近の圧力PBが低下し供給路5内部の負圧が大きくな
り、プラスチック粉砕物をより強く吸引して搬送路6に
供給することができる。ここで、急収縮管16の出口断
面積は搬送路断面積の1/100〜1/2倍にする必要
があり、この値を変更することによってプラスチック粉
砕物を搬送する風圧,風速を自由に変更することが可能
である。However, if there is an obstacle in the transport pipe that hinders the flow of air, the pressure inside the transport pipe increases, and if the pressure is large, the joining angle of the supply path 5 or the sectional area of the supply path 5 will increase. Only by adjusting the cross-sectional area ratio of the conveying path 6, there is a possibility that the inside of the supply path 5 does not become a negative pressure and the pulverized plastic material blows out. Therefore, FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram in which a quick-shrink tube is installed in the transport path, and as shown in FIG. 5, the inside of the transport path 6 closer to the blower 1 than the junction between the supply path 5 and the transport path 6
By arranging the rapid contraction tube 16 narrowing in the air flow direction α, the suction force of the plastic crushed material can be increased. This is an application of the ejector effect used when mixing two types of gases, where the flow velocity at point A is V A , the pressure is P A , the velocity at point B is V B ,
Assuming that the pressure is P B , the flow velocity V B of the air discharged from the rapid contraction tube 16 is larger than the flow velocity VA (V B > V A ), and the pressure near the junction is determined by the energy conservation law of Bernoulli's theorem. P B decreases and the negative pressure inside the supply path 5 increases, so that the plastic pulverized material can be more strongly sucked and supplied to the transfer path 6. Here, the exit cross-sectional area of the rapid contraction tube 16 needs to be 1/100 to 1/2 times the cross-sectional area of the conveying path, and by changing this value, the wind pressure and the wind speed for conveying the plastic pulverized material can be freely adjusted. It is possible to change.
【0050】また、温風の温度はヒーター2の出口に設
置した熱電対で測定し、温調器により設定温度±2℃程
度に制御されている。温風温度は70℃未満にすると搬
送管内部及びプラスチック吸着水分の除去効果が減少
し、プラスチック粉砕物の帯電量が小さくなり分離精度
が悪化してしまう。逆に、100℃以上にするとプラス
チックによっては熱劣化が発生し再成型品の特性が著し
く低下してしまうため70〜100℃の範囲に制御する
ことが望ましい。ここでは送風機1の後にヒーター2を
接続して温風を発生させているが、ヒーター2を接続し
ない場合はホッパー3に投入するプラスチック混合物を
事前に乾燥炉で乾燥し吸着水分を除去する必要がある。The temperature of the hot air is measured by a thermocouple installed at the outlet of the heater 2 and is controlled to a set temperature of about ± 2 ° C. by a temperature controller. If the temperature of the hot air is lower than 70 ° C., the effect of removing the moisture adsorbed inside the transfer tube and the plastic decreases, and the charge amount of the pulverized plastic becomes small, thereby deteriorating the separation accuracy. Conversely, if the temperature is set to 100 ° C. or higher, thermal degradation occurs depending on the plastic, and the characteristics of the remolded product are significantly reduced. Therefore, it is desirable to control the temperature in the range of 70 to 100 ° C. Here, the heater 2 is connected after the blower 1 to generate hot air. However, when the heater 2 is not connected, it is necessary to dry the plastic mixture to be put into the hopper 3 in a drying furnace in advance to remove adsorbed moisture. is there.
【0051】次に、帯電部は搬送路の内部の一部もしく
は全体に配置したスクリュー羽根7及びサイクロン8で
構成されている。まずプラスチック混合物はスクリュー
羽根7との衝突・摩擦により帯電しサイクロン8に温風
と共に供給される。サイクロン8に供給されたプラスチ
ック混合物はサイクロン8の内壁をらせん状に摺接しな
がら落下することによりさらに帯電し、サイクロン8の
下部のロータリーバルブ9から排出される。温風はサイ
クロン8の途中で上昇気流となり排出部11から排出さ
れる。Next, the charging section is composed of a screw blade 7 and a cyclone 8 arranged partially or entirely inside the transport path. First, the plastic mixture is charged by collision and friction with the screw blade 7 and supplied to the cyclone 8 together with hot air. The plastic mixture supplied to the cyclone 8 is further charged by dropping while spirally contacting the inner wall of the cyclone 8 and discharged from the rotary valve 9 below the cyclone 8. The hot air becomes an updraft in the middle of the cyclone 8 and is discharged from the discharge unit 11.
【0052】ここでスクリュー羽根7及びサイクロン8
は、被選別材料に対して帯電序列が中間部に位置する材
料もしくは同一材料であることが望ましいが、スクリュ
ー羽根7の表面及びサイクロン8の内壁に被選別材料に
対して帯電序列が中間部に位置する材料もしくは同一材
料を塗布もしくは貼りつけたものでも構わない。スクリ
ュー羽根7及びサイクロン8には全ての絶縁材料が使用
できるが、綿,綿とポリエステルなどの合成繊維、ステ
ンレスや銅,クロム,ニッケルなどの金属も使用するこ
とができる。Here, the screw blade 7 and the cyclone 8
It is desirable that the charging sequence is located at the middle portion or the same material with respect to the material to be sorted, but the charging sequence with respect to the sorting material is located at the middle portion on the surface of the screw blade 7 and the inner wall of the cyclone 8. The material to be located or the same material may be applied or pasted. Although all insulating materials can be used for the screw blade 7 and the cyclone 8, synthetic fibers such as cotton, cotton and polyester, and metals such as stainless steel, copper, chromium, and nickel can also be used.
【0053】また、スクリュー羽根7及びサイクロン8
により帯電したプラスチック粉砕物の帯電量は、±0.
001nC/cm2未満であれば水平方向の移動距離が
小さくなり分離精度が悪化し、摩擦帯電では±10nC
/cm2よりも大きな帯電量を得ることは困難であるた
めプラスチック粉砕物の帯電量は±0.001nC/c
m2から±10nC/cm2であることが必要である。The screw blade 7 and the cyclone 8
The amount of charge of the pulverized plastic charged by the method is ± 0.
If it is less than 001 nC / cm 2 , the moving distance in the horizontal direction becomes small and the separation accuracy deteriorates.
/ Cm 2 , it is difficult to obtain a charge of more than 0.001 nC / c.
it is necessary that the m 2 is ± 10nC / cm 2.
【0054】次に、帯電序列に従って正に帯電したプラ
スチック粉砕物13bと負に帯電したプラスチック粉砕
物13aの混合物はサイクロン8から排出され、落下速
度低減手段(図示せず)により速度を低減させ、対向配
置された電極12a,12bの入り口側に設けたプラス
チック混合物を誘導する導入板10a,10b間を通っ
て電極12a,12b間に投入される。Next, a mixture of the positively charged plastic pulverized material 13b and the negatively charged plastic pulverized material 13a is discharged from the cyclone 8 according to the charging sequence, and the speed is reduced by a falling speed reducing means (not shown). The plastic mixture is introduced between the electrodes 12a and 12b through the space between the introduction plates 10a and 10b for guiding the plastic mixture provided on the entrance side of the electrodes 12a and 12b arranged opposite to each other.
【0055】ここでプラスチック混合物の落下速度低減
手段としては、下から風を吹き付ける方法、または粉砕
物の粒径よりも大きな目開きをもつ篩をサイクロン8の
ロータリーバルブ9下部に設置する方法等あるが、これ
に限定されるものではなくプラスチック混合物の落下速
度を低減させる手段であれば構わない。Here, as a means for reducing the falling speed of the plastic mixture, there is a method of blowing air from below, or a method of installing a sieve having an opening larger than the particle size of the pulverized material below the rotary valve 9 of the cyclone 8. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and any means for reducing the falling speed of the plastic mixture may be used.
【0056】次に、電極12a,12bにはそれぞれ
正,負の電圧が印可されており、負に帯電したプラスチ
ック粉砕物13aは電極12a側に、正に帯電したプラ
スチック粉砕物13bは電極12b側に移動して分離さ
れ、それぞれ回収容器15a,15bに回収される。こ
こで帯電量の少ないプラスチック混合物は回収容器15
cに回収されるが、これをホッパー3に戻して再度選別
することができる。Next, positive and negative voltages are applied to the electrodes 12a and 12b, respectively. The negatively charged plastic crushed material 13a is on the electrode 12a side, and the positively charged plastic crushed material 13b is on the electrode 12b side. And are separated and collected in the collection containers 15a and 15b, respectively. Here, the plastic mixture having a small charge amount is collected in the collection container 15.
c, which can be returned to the hopper 3 and sorted again.
【0057】また、導入板10a,10bはプラスチッ
ク混合物を確実に電極12a,12b間の所定位置に投
入するためのものであり、正帯電したプラスチック粉砕
物13bと負帯電したプラスチック粉砕物13aの帯電
量の絶対値が同程度である混合物を分離する場合には図
6に示すように図6は導入板を設置した場合の模式図
で、電極12a,12b間の中心位置に設置し、正帯電
したプラスチック粉砕物13bの帯電量の絶対値が負帯
電したプラスチック粉砕物13aの帯電量の絶対値より
も小さい場合、つまり帯電量の絶対値に差があるような
プラスチック混合物を分離する場合、図7に示すように
図7は導入板の位置をずらして設置した場合の模式図
で、帯電量の絶対値が小さいプラスチック粉砕物13b
が吸引される電極側(ここでは12b)に導入板10
a,10bの設置位置をずらして設置することによって
分離精度を向上させることができる。また、導入板10
a,10bを電極12a,12b間入り口側上部から電
極長さの1/40〜1/4倍挿入することによって分離
精度を悪化することなく、図8のように図8は導入板を
設置しない場合の模式図で、プラスチック粉砕物13
a,13bが電極12a,12b間の外側に落下するの
を防ぐことができる。The introduction plates 10a and 10b are used to reliably supply the plastic mixture to a predetermined position between the electrodes 12a and 12b, and charge the positively charged plastic pulverized material 13b and the negatively charged plastic pulverized material 13a. FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a case where an introduction plate is installed when a mixture having the same absolute value is separated as shown in FIG. 6, and is installed at a center position between the electrodes 12a and 12b, and is positively charged. When the absolute value of the charge amount of the crushed plastic crushed material 13b is smaller than the absolute value of the charge amount of the negatively charged plastic crushed material 13a, that is, when separating a plastic mixture having a difference in the absolute value of the charge amount, FIG. As shown in FIG. 7, FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram when the position of the introduction plate is shifted, and the pulverized plastic material 13b having a small absolute value of the charge amount is shown.
Is introduced on the electrode side (12b in this case) where
The separation accuracy can be improved by displacing the installation positions of a and 10b. In addition, the introduction plate 10
The insertion plate is not installed in FIG. 8 as shown in FIG. 8 without deteriorating the separation accuracy by inserting 1/40 to 1/4 times the electrode length from the upper part on the entrance side between the electrodes 12a and 12b. FIG.
a, 13b can be prevented from falling outside between the electrodes 12a, 12b.
【0058】また、回収容器15aと15cの間、15
bと15cの間にはそれぞれ仕切板14a,14bを設
置して回収容器底面で跳ね返ったプラスチック粉砕物が
隣接する回収容器に混入しないようにしている。仕切り
板14a,14bを回収容器底面に垂直な面から電極間
中心方向へ傾斜をつけて設置したり、回収容器の数を増
やすことによってより純度の高いプラスチックを回収す
ることができる。Further, between the collection containers 15a and 15c, 15
Partition plates 14a and 14b are provided between b and 15c, respectively, so that the plastic crushed material rebounding from the bottom of the collection container does not enter the adjacent collection container. Higher purity plastic can be collected by installing the partition plates 14a and 14b at an angle from the surface perpendicular to the bottom surface of the collection container toward the center between the electrodes, or by increasing the number of collection containers.
【0059】[0059]
【実施例】次に、本発明の具体例を説明する。なお、実
施例において示されている数値は種々選択し得る中の一
例であり、これに限定されるものではない。Next, specific examples of the present invention will be described. It should be noted that the numerical values shown in the embodiments are examples of various types that can be selected, and the present invention is not limited to these.
【0060】(実施例1)図1に示す実施の形態の静電
分離装置において、粒径7mm以下に粉砕したカルプ工
業株式会社製の品番8400RのPP(ポリプロピレ
ン)に東芝シリコーン株式会社製の品番TSE397の
シリコーンが20%混入した混合物の分離実験結果を示
す。(Example 1) In the electrostatic separation apparatus of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, PP (polypropylene) having a product number of 8400R manufactured by Calp Industry Co., Ltd. The result of a separation experiment of a mixture containing 20% of TSE397 silicone is shown.
【0061】供給路5と搬送路6との接合部は、図5に
おいてθ=30°で接続し、供給路5の断面積は搬送路
6の断面積の1/10、急収縮管16の出口断面積を搬
送路断面積の1/10とした。また、送風機1とヒータ
ー2で発生した温風の温度は90±2℃に制御されてい
る。The joint between the supply path 5 and the transfer path 6 is connected at θ = 30 ° in FIG. 5, the cross-sectional area of the supply path 5 is 1/10 of the cross-sectional area of the transfer path 6, The exit cross section was set to 1/10 of the conveyance path cross section. The temperature of the hot air generated by the blower 1 and the heater 2 is controlled to 90 ± 2 ° C.
【0062】次に、搬送路6やスクリュー羽根7及びサ
イクロン8には、帯電序列がシリコーンとPPの中間位
置にあるステンレスを用いて作製し、落下速度低減手段
として目開き10mmのステンレス製振動篩(図示せ
ず)をサイクロン8のロータリーバルブ9下部に設置し
た。スクリュー羽根7は外径が搬送路内径の4/5倍
で、羽根ピッチがスクリュー羽根7の外径の2倍であ
る。導入板10a,10bには厚さ1mmの三井東圧化
学工業株式会社製のスレート塩ビ低重合度品のPVC
(ポリ塩化ビニル)を用い、電極12a,12b間の中
心位置に電極長さの1/10倍挿入して設置し、回収容
器15aと15cの間、回収容器15bと15cの間に
はそれぞれ仕切板14a,14bを回収容器底面に垂直
な面から電極間中心方向へ20°の傾斜をつけて設置し
た。Next, the conveying path 6, the screw blades 7 and the cyclone 8 are made of stainless steel whose charging sequence is in the middle position between silicone and PP. (Not shown) was installed below the rotary valve 9 of the cyclone 8. The outer diameter of the screw blade 7 is 4/5 times the inner diameter of the conveying path, and the blade pitch is twice the outer diameter of the screw blade 7. The introduction plates 10a and 10b are made of 1 mm thick Mitsui Toatsu Chemical Co., Ltd. slate PVC low polymerization degree PVC.
(Polyvinyl chloride) is inserted and installed at the center position between the electrodes 12a and 12b 1/10 times the electrode length, and partitioned between the collection containers 15a and 15c and between the collection containers 15b and 15c. The plates 14a and 14b were set at an angle of 20 ° from the plane perpendicular to the bottom surface of the collection container toward the center between the electrodes.
【0063】PP粉砕物,シリコーン粉砕物の混合物
は、スクリュー羽根7及びサイクロン8との衝突・摩擦
により、帯電序列に従ってPPが負、シリコーンが正に
帯電し、サイクロン8下部のロータリ−バルブ9から排
出され、導入板10a,10b間を通って電極12a,
12b間に導入される。ここで負に帯電したPP粉砕物
13aは正電圧を印可した電極12a側に移動し、正に
帯電したシリコーン粉砕物13bは負電圧を印可した電
極12b側に移動し、それぞれ回収容器15a,15b
に回収される。なお、帯電量の小さいPP粉砕物13
a,シリコーン粉砕物13bは回収容器15cに両方が
混じって回収され、これをホッパー3に戻して再度選別
を実施した。これにより回収容器15aに純度99%以
上のPPを、回収率90%以上で回収することができ
た。The mixture of the pulverized product of PP and the pulverized product of silicone is charged with negative PP and positively charged silicone according to the charging order due to collision and friction with the screw blade 7 and the cyclone 8. Is discharged and passes between the introduction plates 10a and 10b.
Introduced between 12b. Here, the negatively charged PP crushed material 13a moves to the electrode 12a to which a positive voltage is applied, and the positively charged silicone crushed material 13b moves to the electrode 12b to which a negative voltage is applied, and the collection containers 15a and 15b, respectively.
Will be collected. In addition, the PP pulverized material 13 having a small charge amount
a, Both of the pulverized silicone materials 13b were collected in the collection container 15c and returned to the hopper 3 for sorting again. As a result, PP having a purity of 99% or more could be recovered in the recovery container 15a at a recovery rate of 90% or more.
【0064】(実施例2)図9は粒径7mm以下に粉砕
したPP(ポリプロピレン)にシリコーンが20%混入
した混合物の分離・回収において、帯電手段であるスク
リュー羽根7とサイクロン8の効果を示したものであ
る。帯電部以外の条件は実施例1と同様であるため、こ
こでは説明を省略する。(Example 2) FIG. 9 shows the effect of the screw blade 7 and the cyclone 8, which are charging means, in separating and recovering a mixture in which 20% of silicone is mixed into PP (polypropylene) pulverized to a particle size of 7 mm or less. It is a thing. Conditions other than the charging unit are the same as those in the first embodiment, and a description thereof will not be repeated.
【0065】図9より、搬送路6のみの場合はPPの回
収率50%,純度85%であるが、スクリュー羽根7を
配置することによりPPの回収率80%,純度95%ま
で向上する。また、さらにサイクロン8を配置すること
によりPPの回収率90%,純度99%を達成すること
ができた。FIG. 9 shows that the recovery rate of PP is 50% and the purity is 85% when only the transport path 6 is used. However, the recovery rate of PP is improved to 80% and the purity is 95% by disposing the screw blade 7. Further, by arranging the cyclone 8, a recovery rate of PP of 90% and a purity of 99% could be achieved.
【0066】(実施例3)図10は速度低減手段(図示
せず)と導入板10a,10bの効果を示した分離実験
結果である。速度低減手段は実施例1と同様に目開き1
0mmのステンレス製振動篩を用いた。また、分離サン
プルやその他の条件は実施例1と同様であるためここで
は説明を省略する。(Embodiment 3) FIG. 10 shows the results of a separation experiment showing the effects of the speed reducing means (not shown) and the introduction plates 10a and 10b. The speed reducing means is the same as in the first embodiment.
A 0 mm stainless steel vibrating sieve was used. Further, the separation sample and other conditions are the same as those in the first embodiment, and the description is omitted here.
【0067】図10より、速度低減手段及び導入板10
a,10bを設置しない場合はPPの回収率60%,純
度85%であるが、速度低減手段である振動篩を配置す
ることによりPPの回収率70%,純度95%まで向上
する。また、さらに導入板10a,10bを配置するこ
とによりPPの回収率90%,純度99%を達成するこ
とができた。FIG. 10 shows that the speed reducing means and the introduction plate 10
When a and 10b are not installed, the recovery rate of PP is 60% and the purity is 85%. However, by installing a vibrating sieve as a speed reducing means, the recovery rate of PP is improved to 70% and the purity to 95%. Further, by disposing the introduction plates 10a and 10b, it was possible to achieve a PP recovery rate of 90% and a purity of 99%.
【0068】(実施例4)図11は電極付着粉塵除去効
果を示したPP回収率の変化を示す図、図12は電極付
着粉塵除去効果を示したPP純度の変化を示す図で、電
極12a,12b表面に付着した粉塵除去手段の効果を
示した分離実験結果であり、処理時間とPP回収率及び
純度の関係を示したものである。また、分離サンプルや
その他の条件は実施例1と同様であるためここでは説明
を省略する。(Example 4) FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a change in the PP recovery rate showing the effect of removing dust adhering to the electrode, and FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a change in PP purity showing the effect of removing dust adhering to the electrode. , 12b show the results of a separation experiment showing the effect of the dust removing means attached to the surface, showing the relationship between the treatment time and the PP recovery and purity. Further, the separation sample and other conditions are the same as those in the first embodiment, and the description is omitted here.
【0069】ここで、負に帯電したPPの微粉13aは
正の電圧を印可した電極12aに、正に帯電したシリコ
ーンの微粉13bは負の電圧を印可した電極12bに付
着するが、瞬間的に電極12aに負電圧を電極12bに
正電圧を印可した後、電圧印加を停止することで電極表
面から除去する。5分間隔で逆電圧を印可し、電圧印加
停止時間を3秒間とした。また、逆極性の電圧印可及び
電圧印加を停止している間にプラスチック粉砕物が電極
間に供給されないように、逆極性の電圧印可をする前に
直進フィーダ4から供給路5へのプラスチック粉砕物の
供給を停止するように制御している。Here, the negatively charged PP fine powder 13a adheres to the electrode 12a to which a positive voltage is applied, and the positively charged silicone fine powder 13b adheres to the negative voltage to the electrode 12b. After a negative voltage is applied to the electrode 12a and a positive voltage is applied to the electrode 12b, the application of the voltage is stopped to remove the voltage from the electrode surface. Reverse voltage was applied at 5 minute intervals, and the voltage application stop time was 3 seconds. Before applying the reverse polarity voltage, the plastic crushed material from the straight feeder 4 to the supply path 5 is applied so that the plastic crushed material is not supplied between the electrodes while the voltage application and the voltage application of the opposite polarity are stopped. Is controlled to stop supply.
【0070】図11,12からもわかるように、電極表
面に付着した粉塵を除去しない場合、30分後にはPP
回収率が90→65%へ、PP純度が99→85%へ急
激に低下するのに対して、粉塵を除去した場合、PP回
収率は88〜90%、PP純度は95〜99%で推移さ
せることができた。As can be seen from FIGS. 11 and 12, when dust adhering to the electrode surface is not removed, the PP
While the recovery rate sharply decreases from 90 to 65% and the PP purity sharply decreases from 99 to 85%, when dust is removed, the PP recovery rate is 88 to 90% and the PP purity is 95 to 99%. I was able to.
【0071】[0071]
【発明の効果】以上に説明した通り、本発明に係る静電
分離装置によれば以下のような効果を奏することができ
る。As described above, according to the electrostatic separation device of the present invention, the following effects can be obtained.
【0072】(1)プラスチック粉砕物を搬送するため
の送風手段と、プラスチック粉砕物を搬送路に供給する
供給路を備えた供給手段とを設け、送風手段と供給手段
の供給路とを順に連接したことを特徴とするプラスチッ
ク粉砕物の供給・搬送装置であり、送風手段により発生
する風力を利用してプラスチック粉砕物の供給・搬送を
行うため、ロータリーバルブやスクリューバルブ等の供
給手段、ベルトコンベア等の搬送手段を用いることなく
プラスチック粉砕物を供給・搬送できるため、装置を小
型化することができるとともにプラスチック粉砕物を定
量的に安定して搬送することができる。(1) Blowing means for transporting the pulverized plastic material and supply means having a supply path for supplying the pulverized plastic material to the transport path are provided, and the blowing means and the supply path of the supply means are connected in order. A supply / transportation device for a plastic pulverized material, which supplies and conveys the plastic pulverized material using the wind force generated by a blowing means, such as a supply means such as a rotary valve and a screw valve, and a belt conveyor. Since the plastic pulverized material can be supplied and transported without using a transporting means such as the above, the apparatus can be downsized and the plastic pulverized material can be quantitatively and stably transported.
【0073】また、送風手段と供給手段の間に、空気を
加熱して温風にする加熱手段を設け、送風手段と加熱手
段と供給手段の供給路とを順に連接することにより、プ
ラスチック粉砕物の乾燥と供給および搬送を同時に行う
ことができるため、乾燥炉等の設備が不要になり、処理
コストを低減することができる。Further, a heating means for heating the air to generate hot air is provided between the blowing means and the supplying means, and the blowing means, the heating means and the supply path of the supplying means are connected in order, so that the plastic pulverized material is obtained. Since the drying, supply, and transport can be performed at the same time, equipment such as a drying furnace is not required, and the processing cost can be reduced.
【0074】(2)供給路と搬送路の接合部分におい
て、供給路の接合角度,供給路断面積と搬送路断面積の
比を規定し、さらに搬送路内部に急収縮管を配置し、急
収縮管の出口断面積と搬送路の断面積比を規定すること
により、プラスチック粉砕物を搬送路に吸引する力を大
きくすることができる。また、急収縮管の出口断面積と
搬送路の断面積比を変更することにより、プラスチック
粉砕物を搬送する風圧,風速を自由に調整することがで
きる。(2) At the junction between the supply path and the transfer path, the joining angle of the supply path, the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the supply path to the cross-sectional area of the transfer path are defined, and a rapid contraction tube is arranged inside the transfer path to make a sudden change. By defining the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the outlet of the shrinking tube to the cross-sectional area of the conveying path, the force for sucking the pulverized plastic into the conveying path can be increased. Also, by changing the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the exit of the rapid-shrink tube to the cross-sectional area of the conveying path, it is possible to freely adjust the wind pressure and the wind speed for conveying the pulverized plastic.
【0075】(3)帯電手段を搬送路の内部の一部もし
くは全体に配置したスクリュー羽根とサイクロンで構成
することにより、スクリュー羽根との衝突・摩擦により
帯電したプラスチック粉砕物をサイクロンによりさらに
強く帯電させることができるとともに、スクリュー羽根
で十分に帯電しなかったプラスチック粉砕物をサイクロ
ンで帯電させることができるため、帯電バラツキ及び帯
電量の小さいプラスチック粉砕物がなくなり分離精度を
向上させることができる。(3) By forming the charging means with a screw blade and a cyclone disposed partially or entirely inside the transport path, the plastic pulverized material charged by the collision and friction with the screw blade is more strongly charged by the cyclone. In addition, since the plastic pulverized material that is not sufficiently charged by the screw blade can be charged by the cyclone, there is no plastic pulverized material having a small charge variation and charge amount, and the separation accuracy can be improved.
【0076】(4)プラスチック粉砕物を静電分離部の
静電場に導入する際に、導入速度を低減させる手段を設
けることにより、電極間でのプラスチック粉砕物の落下
速度が低減するため、より長い時間静電場の影響を受
け、水平方向への移動距離が大きくなり分離精度を向上
させることができる。(4) When introducing the pulverized plastic into the electrostatic field of the electrostatic separation unit, a means for reducing the introduction speed is provided to reduce the falling speed of the pulverized plastic between the electrodes. Due to the influence of the electrostatic field for a long time, the moving distance in the horizontal direction increases, and the separation accuracy can be improved.
【0077】(5)静電分離部の一対の対向する電極間
の入り口側にプラスチック粉砕物の落下位置を規定する
手段を設けることにより、帯電手段で帯電したプラスチ
ック粉砕物を確実に電極間の所定位置に投入することが
できるため分離精度をさらに向上させることができる。(5) By providing means for defining the falling position of the crushed plastic material at the entrance side between the pair of opposing electrodes of the electrostatic separation unit, the crushed plastic material charged by the charging means can be reliably transferred between the electrodes. Separation accuracy can be further improved because it can be put into a predetermined position.
【0078】(6)電極表面に付着したプラスチック粉
砕物を除去する手段を設けることにより、電極間の静電
場の静電力減少を防止することがでるため、連続処理で
も回収率及び純度が低下することなく安定して良好な分
離精度を確保することができる。(6) By providing a means for removing the pulverized plastic adhered to the electrode surface, it is possible to prevent the electrostatic force from being reduced in the electrostatic field between the electrodes, so that the recovery rate and purity are reduced even in continuous processing. Good separation accuracy can be stably secured without any problem.
【0079】(7)回収容器間に仕切り板を設け、仕切
板の高さや設置角度を規定することにより、回収容器底
面で跳ね返ったプラスチック粉砕物の混入を防ぎ純度の
高いプラスチックを回収することができる。(7) By providing a partition plate between the collecting containers and defining the height and the installation angle of the partition plate, it is possible to prevent mixing of the pulverized plastics rebounding from the bottom surface of the collecting container and to collect high-purity plastic. it can.
【図1】本発明の実施の形態における静電選別装置の説
明図FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of an electrostatic sorting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図2】搬送路に垂直な面から空気の流れ方向と逆方向
に供給路を接合した模式図FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram in which a supply path is joined in a direction opposite to a flow direction of air from a plane perpendicular to a transport path.
【図3】搬送路に垂直に供給路を接合した模式図FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram in which a supply path is joined perpendicularly to a transport path.
【図4】搬送路に垂直な面から空気の流れ方向に供給路
を接合した模式図FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram in which a supply path is joined in a direction of air flow from a plane perpendicular to a transport path.
【図5】搬送路内に急収縮管を設置した模式図FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram in which a quick-shrink tube is installed in a transport path.
【図6】導入板を設置した場合の模式図FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram when an introduction plate is installed.
【図7】導入板の位置をずらして設置した場合の模式図FIG. 7 is a schematic view when the position of the introduction plate is shifted.
【図8】導入板を設置しない場合の模式図FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram when no introduction plate is installed.
【図9】スクリュー及びサイクロン帯電の効果を示した
分離試験結果を示す図FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the results of a separation test showing the effects of screw and cyclone charging.
【図10】速度低減手段及び導入板の効果を示した分離
試験結果を示す図FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the results of a separation test showing the effects of the speed reducing means and the introduction plate.
【図11】電極付着粉塵除去効果を示したPP回収率の
変化を示す図FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a change in PP recovery rate showing an effect of removing dust adhering to an electrode.
【図12】電極付着粉塵除去効果を示したPP純度の変
化を示す図FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a change in PP purity showing an effect of removing dust adhering to an electrode.
1 送風機 2 ヒーター 3 ホッパー 4 直進フィーダ 5 供給路 6 搬送路 7 スクリュー羽根 8 サイクロン 9 ロータリーバルブ 10a,10b 導入板 11 排出部 12a,12b 電極 13a,13b プラスチック粉砕物 14a,14b 仕切板 15a,15b,15c 回収容器 16 急収縮管 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Blower 2 Heater 3 Hopper 4 Straight feeder 5 Supply path 6 Transport path 7 Screw blade 8 Cyclone 9 Rotary valve 10a, 10b Introducing plate 11 Discharge part 12a, 12b Electrode 13a, 13b Plastic crushed material 14a, 14b Partition plate 15a, 15b 15c Collection container 16 Rapid shrink tube
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.7 識別記号 FI テーマコート゛(参考) B65G 53/60 B65G 53/60 (72)発明者 関 則彰 大阪府門真市大字門真1006番地 松下電器 産業株式会社内 Fターム(参考) 3F047 AA14 CC11 DB01 4D054 GA01 GA09 4F301 BF03 BF26 BG16 BG21 BG44──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. 7 Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) B65G 53/60 B65G 53/60 (72) Inventor Noriaki Seki 1006 Kazuma, Kazuma, Kazuma, Osaka Matsushita Electric Industrial F term (reference) 3F047 AA14 CC11 DB01 4D054 GA01 GA09 4F301 BF03 BF26 BG16 BG21 BG44
Claims (21)
プラスチック粉砕物を搬送中に帯電させる帯電部と、帯
電したプラスチック粉砕物を静電場に導入して種類別に
分離する静電分離部と、前記静電分離部の下方に配置さ
れた複数の回収容器を備えるプラスチックの静電選別装
置において、プラスチック粉砕物を搬送するための送風
手段と、プラスチック粉砕物を搬送路に供給する供給路
を備えた供給手段とを設け、前記送風手段と前記供給手
段の供給路とを順に連接し、供給路内を負圧にすること
によりプラスチック粉砕物を搬送路に吸引し、前記送風
手段の風力により搬送することを特徴とするプラスチッ
ク粉砕物の供給・搬送方法。1. A conveying section for conveying a crushed plastic,
A charging unit for charging the plastic pulverized material during transportation, an electrostatic separating unit for introducing the charged plastic pulverized material into an electrostatic field and separating the separated by type, and a plurality of collection containers arranged below the electrostatic separating unit In the electrostatic sorting device for plastics provided with, a blowing means for conveying the plastic pulverized material, and a supply means having a supply path for supplying the plastic pulverized material to the conveying path are provided, and the blowing means and the supply means are provided. A method for supplying / conveying a plastic pulverized material, wherein a plastic pulverized material is connected to a supply path in order, a negative pressure is applied to the inside of the supply path, the plastic pulverized material is sucked into the conveyance path, and the plastic pulverized substance is conveyed by the wind force of the blowing means.
プラスチック粉砕物を搬送中に帯電させる帯電部と、帯
電したプラスチック粉砕物を静電場に導入して種類別に
分離する静電分離部と、前記静電分離部の下方に配置さ
れた複数の回収容器を備えるプラスチックの静電選別装
置において、プラスチック粉砕物を搬送するための送風
手段と、プラスチック粉砕物を搬送路に供給する供給路
を備えた供給手段とを設け、前記送風手段と前記供給手
段の供給路とを順に連接したことを特徴とするプラスチ
ック粉砕物の供給・搬送装置。2. A conveying section for conveying a crushed plastic,
A charging unit for charging the plastic pulverized material during transportation, an electrostatic separating unit for introducing the charged plastic pulverized material into an electrostatic field and separating the separated by type, and a plurality of collection containers arranged below the electrostatic separating unit In the electrostatic sorting device for plastics provided with, a blowing means for conveying the plastic pulverized material, and a supply means having a supply path for supplying the plastic pulverized material to the conveying path are provided, and the blowing means and the supply means are provided. A supply / transportation apparatus for a pulverized plastic product, which is connected to a supply path in order.
プラスチック粉砕物を搬送中に帯電させる帯電部と、帯
電したプラスチック粉砕物を静電場に導入して種類別に
分離する静電分離部と、前記静電分離部の下方に配置さ
れた複数の回収容器を備えるプラスチックの静電選別装
置において、プラスチック粉砕物を搬送するための送風
手段と、送風を加熱して温風にする加熱手段と、プラス
チック粉砕物を搬送路に供給する供給路を備えた供給手
段とを設け、前記送風手段と前記加熱手段と前記供給手
段の供給路とを順に連接したことを特徴とするプラスチ
ック粉砕物の供給・搬送装置。3. A conveying section for conveying a crushed plastic,
A charging unit for charging the plastic pulverized material during transportation, an electrostatic separating unit for introducing the charged plastic pulverized material into an electrostatic field and separating the separated by type, and a plurality of collection containers arranged below the electrostatic separating unit In a static electricity sorting apparatus for plastics comprising: a blower for conveying a plastic pulverized material, a heating means for heating air to make hot air and a supply path for supplying a plastic pulverized material to a conveying path. Means for supplying and conveying the pulverized plastic material, wherein the blower means, the heating means, and the supply path of the supply means are connected in order.
方向に垂直な面から空気の流れ方向と逆方向に10°〜
80°の角度で傾斜させて接合されていることを特徴と
する請求項2または3に記載のプラスチック粉砕物の供
給・搬送装置。4. The supply path is formed in a direction perpendicular to the direction of air flow in the conveying path by 10 ° to a direction opposite to the direction of air flow.
The supply / transport apparatus of a plastic pulverized product according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the plastic pulverized material is bonded at an angle of 80 °.
対し1/20〜1/2倍であることを特徴とする請求項
2から4のいずれかに記載のプラスチック粉砕物の供給
・搬送装置。5. The supply of the crushed plastic product according to claim 2, wherein a cross-sectional area of the supply path is 1/20 to 1/2 times a cross-sectional area of the transport path.・ Transport device.
送風手段側の搬送路内部に、空気の流れ方向に狭くなっ
ている急収縮管を配置したことを特徴とする請求項2ま
たは3に記載のプラスチック粉砕物の供給・搬送装置。6. A rapid-shrink tube narrowed in a flow direction of air is disposed inside a transport path on the side of the blower means relative to a junction between the supply path and the transport path. 4. The supply / transportation device for a pulverized plastic product according to 3.
面積の1/100〜1/2倍であることを特徴とする請
求項2または3または6に記載のプラスチック粉砕物の
供給・搬送装置。7. The supply of the plastic pulverized product according to claim 2, wherein an outlet cross-sectional area of the rapid-shrink tube is 1/100 to 1/2 times the cross-sectional area of the conveying path.・ Transport device.
を70〜100℃の範囲に制御することを特徴とする請
求項3に記載のプラスチック粉砕物の供給・搬送装置。8. The apparatus for feeding and conveying a plastic pulverized product according to claim 3, wherein the temperature of the hot air heated by the heating means is controlled in a range of 70 to 100 ° C.
プラスチック粉砕物を搬送中に帯電させる帯電部と、帯
電したプラスチック粉砕物を静電場に導入して種類別に
分離する静電分離部と、前記静電分離部の下方に配置さ
れた複数の回収容器を備えるプラスチックの静電選別装
置において、前記帯電部が搬送路の内部の一部もしくは
全体に配置したスクリュー羽根とサイクロンで構成され
ていることを特徴とするプラスチック粉砕物の静電選別
装置。9. A transport section for transporting pulverized plastics,
A charging unit for charging the plastic pulverized material during transportation, an electrostatic separating unit for introducing the charged plastic pulverized material into an electrostatic field and separating the separated by type, and a plurality of collection containers arranged below the electrostatic separating unit Wherein the charging section is constituted by a screw blade and a cyclone disposed partially or entirely within the transport path.
の1/2〜1倍であることを特徴とする請求項9に記載
のプラスチック粉砕物の静電選別装置。10. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the outer diameter of the screw blade is 1/2 to 1 times the inner diameter of the conveying path.
リュー羽根外径の1/2〜5倍であることを特徴とする
請求項9または10に記載のプラスチック粉砕物の静電
選別装置。11. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the blade pitch of the screw blade is 1/2 to 5 times the outer diameter of the screw blade.
ク粉砕物の帯電量が±0.001〜10nC/cm2で
あることを特徴とする請求項9から11のいずれかに記
載のプラスチック粉砕物の静電選別装置。12. The statically ground plastic pulverized product according to claim 9, wherein a charge amount of the plastic pulverized material charged by the charging means is ± 0.001 to 10 nC / cm 2. Electric sorting equipment.
と、プラスチック粉砕物を搬送中に帯電させる帯電部
と、帯電したプラスチック粉砕物を静電場に導入して種
類別に分離する静電分離部と、前記静電分離部の下方に
配置された複数の回収容器を備えるプラスチックの静電
選別装置において、前記帯電部で帯電したプラスチック
粉砕物を前記静電分離部の静電場に導入する際に、導入
速度を低減させる手段を設けたことを特徴とするプラス
チック粉砕物の静電選別装置。13. A transport section for transporting a plastic crushed product, a charging section for charging the plastic crushed product during transport, an electrostatic separation section for introducing the charged plastic crushed product into an electrostatic field and separating it by type. In a plastic electrostatic sorting device including a plurality of collection containers disposed below the electrostatic separation unit, when introducing the plastic pulverized material charged by the charging unit into the electrostatic field of the electrostatic separation unit, An apparatus for electrostatically sorting pulverized plastics, comprising means for reducing the speed.
と、プラスチック粉砕物を搬送中に帯電させる帯電部
と、帯電したプラスチック粉砕物を静電場に導入して種
類別に分離する静電分離部と、前記静電分離部の下方に
配置された複数の回収容器を備えるプラスチックの静電
選別装置において、前記静電分離部の一対の対向する電
極間の入り口側にプラスチック粉砕物の落下位置を規定
する手段を設けたことを特徴とするプラスチック粉砕物
の静電選別装置。14. A transport section for transporting a plastic pulverized product, a charging section for charging the plastic pulverized product during transport, an electrostatic separating section for introducing the charged plastic pulverized product into an electrostatic field and separating the plastic pulverized product by type. In a plastic electrostatic separation device including a plurality of collection containers arranged below the electrostatic separation unit, a falling position of the plastic pulverized material is defined on an entrance side between a pair of opposed electrodes of the electrostatic separation unit. A device for electrostatically sorting pulverized plastics, characterized by comprising means.
した導入板であり、一対の対向配置した電極間入り口側
上部から電極長さの1/40〜1/4倍挿入することを
特徴とする請求項14に記載のプラスチック粉砕物の静
電選別装置。15. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein said drop position defining means is a pair of opposedly disposed introducing plates, and is inserted 1/40 to 1/4 times the electrode length from above the entrance side between the pair of opposedly disposed electrodes. The apparatus for electrostatically sorting pulverized plastic products according to claim 14.
材あるいはセラミック等の絶縁体であることを特徴とす
る請求項14または15に記載のプラスチック粉砕物の
静電選別装置。16. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the introduction plate is an insulator such as paper, resin, wood, or ceramic.
と、プラスチック粉砕物を搬送中に帯電させる帯電部
と、帯電したプラスチック粉砕物を静電場に導入して種
類別に分離する静電分離部と、前記静電分離部の下方に
配置された複数の回収容器を備えるプラスチックの静電
選別装置において、前記静電分離部の電極表面に付着し
たプラスチック粉砕物を除去する手段を設けたことを特
徴とするプラスチック粉砕物の静電選別装置。17. A transport section for transporting a plastic crushed product, a charging section for charging the plastic crushed product during transport, an electrostatic separation section for introducing the charged plastic crushed product into an electrostatic field and separating it by type. In a plastic electrostatic separation device including a plurality of collection containers disposed below the electrostatic separation unit, a unit for removing a plastic crushed substance attached to an electrode surface of the electrostatic separation unit is provided. Sorting machine for crushed plastics.
印加して電極表面に付着したプラスチック粉砕物を除去
することを特徴とする請求項17に記載のプラスチック
粉砕物の静電選別装置。18. The electrostatic sorting of a crushed plastic product according to claim 17, wherein a voltage of a reverse polarity is applied to the electrode of the electrostatic separation unit to remove the crushed plastic material attached to the electrode surface. apparatus.
と、プラスチック粉砕物を搬送中に帯電させる帯電部
と、帯電したプラスチック粉砕物を静電場に導入して種
類別に分離する静電分離部と、前記静電分離部の下方に
配置された複数の回収容器を備えるプラスチックの静電
選別装置において、前記回収容器間に仕切り板を設ける
ことを特徴とするプラスチック粉砕物の静電選別装置。19. A transport section for transporting a crushed plastic article, a charging section for charging the crushed plastic article during transport, an electrostatic separating section for introducing the charged crushed plastic article into an electrostatic field and separating the same by type. A plastic electrostatic sorting device comprising a plurality of collection containers disposed below the electrostatic separation unit, wherein a partition plate is provided between the collection containers.
板の高さが異なることを特徴とする請求項19に記載の
プラスチック粉砕物の静電選別装置。20. The apparatus according to claim 19, wherein the height of partition plates arranged between the plurality of collection containers is different.
から電極中心方向へ10°〜45°の傾斜をつけて設置
することを特徴とする請求項19または20に記載のプ
ラスチック粉砕物の静電選別装置。21. The plastic pulverized product according to claim 19, wherein the partition plate is installed at an angle of 10 ° to 45 ° from a plane perpendicular to the bottom surface of the collection container toward the center of the electrode. Electrostatic sorting device.
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JP2000376991A JP4830196B2 (en) | 2000-12-12 | 2000-12-12 | Electrostatic sorter for plastic crushed material |
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WO2006098177A1 (en) * | 2005-03-15 | 2006-09-21 | Taiheiyo Cement Corporation | Method for separating foreign particles |
JP2007031035A (en) * | 2005-07-25 | 2007-02-08 | Nippo Mecx Kk | High temperature powder feeder |
KR100836003B1 (en) * | 2007-03-15 | 2008-06-09 | 한국지질자원연구원 | Tribo-electrostatic seperator |
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JP2007031035A (en) * | 2005-07-25 | 2007-02-08 | Nippo Mecx Kk | High temperature powder feeder |
KR100890575B1 (en) | 2007-02-22 | 2009-03-25 | 한국지질자원연구원 | Method for seperating PVC from PVC contained plastic |
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JP2013538124A (en) * | 2010-09-03 | 2013-10-10 | セパレーション テクノロジーズ エルエルシー | Electrostatic separation control system |
US9393573B2 (en) | 2014-04-24 | 2016-07-19 | Separation Technologies Llc | Continuous belt for belt-type separator devices |
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