JP2000285968A - Storage battery over discharge preventing method, device, and monitoring device - Google Patents
Storage battery over discharge preventing method, device, and monitoring deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JP2000285968A JP2000285968A JP11088448A JP8844899A JP2000285968A JP 2000285968 A JP2000285968 A JP 2000285968A JP 11088448 A JP11088448 A JP 11088448A JP 8844899 A JP8844899 A JP 8844899A JP 2000285968 A JP2000285968 A JP 2000285968A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- storage battery
- capacity
- remaining capacity
- monitoring device
- internal resistance
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Tests Of Electric Status Of Batteries (AREA)
- Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【0001】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、蓄電池の過放電防
止方法及び装置並びに蓄電池の監視装置に関するもので
ある。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and a device for preventing overdischarge of a storage battery and a monitoring device for the storage battery.
【0002】[0002]
【従来の技術】自動車等では、エンジンを始動する際に
蓄電池を電源としてスタータモータを駆動している。最
近、自動車にはカーナビゲーション・システム等のよう
に消費電力の大きな電子機器が搭載されるようになって
きた。そのためエンジンが駆動されて発電機が発電を行
っているときでも、蓄電池から放電が行われていること
がある。このような場合に、悪条件が重なると、エンジ
ンが停止した後に、再始動しようとしても、蓄電池の残
り容量が足らず、スタータモータを駆動できなくなる事
態が発生する。そこで従来、蓄電池と負荷との間にプロ
テクタ用の常閉スイッチ手段を配置し、蓄電池の端子電
圧が予め定めた電圧レベル以下になると、このスイッチ
手段を開状態にして、蓄電池からの放電を強制的に停止
して、スタータモータの再始動を保障する技術が提案さ
れた。2. Description of the Related Art In an automobile or the like, a starter motor is driven by using a storage battery as a power source when starting an engine. 2. Description of the Related Art Recently, electronic devices with large power consumption such as car navigation systems have been mounted on automobiles. Therefore, even when the engine is driven and the generator is generating power, the storage battery may be discharging. In such a case, if bad conditions overlap, even if the engine is stopped and then restarted, the remaining capacity of the storage battery is insufficient and the starter motor cannot be driven. Conventionally, normally-closed switch means for the protector is arranged between the storage battery and the load, and when the terminal voltage of the storage battery falls below a predetermined voltage level, the switch means is opened to forcibly discharge the storage battery. There has been proposed a technique for stopping the starter motor and ensuring restart of the starter motor.
【0003】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら従来提案
された技術では、蓄電池の電圧レベルを基準にして、判
定しているために、負荷の一時的な増加や周囲温度等に
より、蓄電池の電圧レベルが低下するとスイッチ手段が
誤って開状態になってしまう事態が発生したり、逆に劣
化により内部抵抗が増加して電圧レベルが高く出てしま
うために、実際には容量が低下しているにもかかわら
ず、電圧レベルが低下しないために過放電状態になっ
て、エンジンの再始動ができなくなる事態が発生する問
題がある。However, in the technology proposed in the prior art, since the determination is made based on the voltage level of the storage battery, the voltage level of the storage battery may be reduced due to a temporary increase in load or ambient temperature. When the voltage drops, the switch means may be erroneously opened, or on the contrary, the internal resistance increases due to deterioration and the voltage level rises, so that even if the capacity is actually lowered, Nevertheless, there is a problem that an overdischarge state occurs because the voltage level does not decrease and the engine cannot be restarted.
【0004】また従来は、このような用途に用いられる
蓄電池の劣化状態、蓄電池の交換時期、電解液の不足補
充状況等を自動車の運転者にある程度高い精度で知らせ
ることができるシステムがなかった。Conventionally, there has been no system capable of informing a driver of an automobile of a deterioration state of a storage battery used for such an application, a replacement time of the storage battery, a state of insufficient replenishment of an electrolyte, and the like with a certain degree of accuracy.
【0005】一方、高温化と深い放電が自動車用蓄電池
の主な劣化モードになっている。これに対応するにはタ
イムリーな冷却(冷却の自動化)と深い放電の制限(負
荷の自動切断)が有効で、これを実現するためには蓄電
池の状態をできるだけ正確に監視できるシステムが必要
であるが、従来はこのようなシステムは無かった。また
自動車電池は自己放電や電解液の比重変化により容量が
低下する。これは、蓄電池の履歴の把握が、メンテナン
スに役立つ事を示している。通常、電池劣化による容量
低下防止には電解液の比重測定と補水によるメンテナン
スが行われており、メンテナンス支援として補水タイミ
ングを運転席に表示し適切な交換時期の判断をタイムリ
ーにアドバイスする等が求められている。[0005] On the other hand, high temperature and deep discharge have become the main deterioration modes of automobile storage batteries. To cope with this, timely cooling (automation of cooling) and limitation of deep discharge (automatic disconnection of load) are effective. To achieve this, a system that can monitor the state of the storage battery as accurately as possible is required. There was, however, no such system in the past. In addition, the capacity of an automobile battery decreases due to self-discharge and a change in the specific gravity of the electrolyte. This indicates that grasping the history of the storage battery is useful for maintenance. Usually, to prevent the capacity from decreasing due to battery deterioration, specific gravity measurement of the electrolyte and maintenance by water replenishment are performed, and as a maintenance support, the water replenishment timing is displayed on the driver's seat and timely advice is given to determine the appropriate replacement time. It has been demanded.
【0006】特に、液量不足で劣化した蓄電池を用いて
スタータモータを駆動してエンジンを始動すると、蓄電
池の内部で内部ショートを起こし、これが電気分解によ
り発生した水素ガスに引火して破裂を引き起こす問題を
発生する。このような問題を解消するためにも、補水タ
イミングをタイムリーに知る必要があった。In particular, when an engine is started by driving a starter motor using a storage battery deteriorated due to a shortage of liquid, an internal short circuit occurs inside the storage battery, which ignites hydrogen gas generated by electrolysis and causes a burst. Create a problem. In order to solve such problems, it was necessary to know the timing of water replenishment in a timely manner.
【0007】本発明の目的は、蓄電池が過放電状態にな
るのを確実に防止できる蓄電池の過放電防止方法及び装
置を提供することにある。An object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for preventing overdischarge of a storage battery, which can surely prevent the storage battery from being overdischarged.
【0008】本発明の他の目的は、蓄電池の使用状況履
歴を知ることができる蓄電池の監視装置を提供すること
にある。Another object of the present invention is to provide a storage battery monitoring device capable of knowing the usage history of the storage battery.
【0009】本発明の更に他の目的は、蓄電池の交換時
期を知ることができる蓄電池の監視装置を提供すること
にある。Still another object of the present invention is to provide a storage battery monitoring device capable of knowing when to replace a storage battery.
【0010】本発明の別の目的は、電解液の補充時期を
知ることができる蓄電池の監視装置を提供することにあ
る。Another object of the present invention is to provide a storage battery monitoring device capable of knowing the time of replenishment of the electrolyte.
【0011】[0011]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、内燃機関を始
動させるためのスタータモータ等の電動始動装置の電源
として用いられる蓄電池の残り容量が、電動始動装置を
少なくとも1回以上駆動するために必要な容量よりも少
なくなると、蓄電池から負荷への電力の供給を遮断し
て、蓄電池が過放電状態になるのを防止する方法を改良
の対象とする。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, the remaining capacity of a storage battery used as a power source for an electric starter such as a starter motor for starting an internal combustion engine is such that the electric starter is driven at least once. It is an object of the present invention to improve a method in which the supply of power from a storage battery to a load is stopped when the required capacity is less than the required capacity, thereby preventing the storage battery from being overdischarged.
【0012】本発明においては、蓄電池の放電量と充電
量とを演算し、その演算結果から蓄電池の残り容量を演
算し、演算により求めた残り容量が予め定めた値より小
さくなったときに、蓄電池から負荷への電力の供給を遮
断する。このように実際の放電量と充電量に基いて求め
た残り容量から判定を行えば、負荷状態、周囲の温度環
境等の影響を大きく受けることなく、従来よりも高い精
度で蓄電池が過放電状態になるのを防止できる。In the present invention, the amount of discharge and the amount of charge of the storage battery are calculated, the remaining capacity of the storage battery is calculated from the calculation result, and when the remaining capacity obtained by the calculation becomes smaller than a predetermined value, Cut off the supply of power from the storage battery to the load. As described above, if the determination is made from the remaining capacity obtained based on the actual amount of discharge and the amount of charge, the storage battery can be overdischarged with higher accuracy than before without being greatly affected by the load state, the surrounding temperature environment, and the like. Can be prevented.
【0013】蓄電池が劣化すると、満充電状態における
容量が低下する。そこで本発明においては、蓄電池の充
放電回数が予め定めた回数になったときに、満充電状態
における蓄電池の内部抵抗を測定し、この内部抵抗に基
いて蓄電池の劣化状態を判定し、その判定結果に基いて
満充電状態における蓄電池の容量を補正する。このよう
にすると蓄電池の劣化の影響を大きく受けることなく、
従来よりも高い精度で蓄電池が過放電状態になるのを防
止できる。なお内部抵抗を測定する際には、蓄電池と負
荷との電気的な接続を遮断しておくことが望ましい。こ
のようにすると内部抵抗を測定する際に、負荷の影響を
断ち切ることができるので、内部抵抗の測定精度が上が
り、その結果蓄電池の状態の判定精度が高くなる。When the storage battery deteriorates, the capacity in a fully charged state decreases. Therefore, in the present invention, when the number of charge / discharge of the storage battery reaches a predetermined number, the internal resistance of the storage battery in a fully charged state is measured, and the deterioration state of the storage battery is determined based on the internal resistance. The capacity of the storage battery in the fully charged state is corrected based on the result. In this way, the storage battery is not greatly affected by the deterioration,
It is possible to prevent the storage battery from being over-discharged with higher accuracy than before. When measuring the internal resistance, it is desirable to cut off the electrical connection between the storage battery and the load. In this way, when measuring the internal resistance, the influence of the load can be cut off, so that the measurement accuracy of the internal resistance increases, and as a result, the accuracy of determining the state of the storage battery increases.
【0014】本発明が改良の対象とする蓄電池の過放電
防止装置は、内燃機関を始動させるためのスタータモー
タ等の電動始動装置の電源として用いられる蓄電池の状
態を監視し、蓄電池の残り容量が電動始動装置を少なく
とも1回以上駆動するために必要な容量よりも少なくな
ったことを検出すると警報信号を出力する蓄電池監視装
置を具備する。そして蓄電池監視装置が、警報信号を出
力したときに、蓄電池から負荷への電力の供給を遮断す
るスイッチ手段とを具備する。本発明で用いる蓄電池監
視装置は、蓄電池の放電量と充電量とを演算する充放電
量演算手段と、充放電量演算手段の演算結果から蓄電池
の残り容量を演算する残り容量演算手段と、残り容量演
算手段により求めた残り容量が予め定めた値より小さく
なったときに警報信号を出力する残り容量判定手段とを
備えている。このような構成にすると、負荷状態、周囲
の温度環境等の影響を大きく受けることなく、従来より
も高い精度で蓄電池が過放電状態になるのを簡単に且つ
確実に阻止することができる。An overdischarge prevention device for a storage battery to be improved by the present invention monitors the state of a storage battery used as a power source of an electric starter such as a starter motor for starting an internal combustion engine, and detects the remaining capacity of the storage battery. A storage battery monitoring device is provided that outputs a warning signal when it detects that the capacity of the electric starting device has become smaller than a capacity required for driving the electric starting device at least once or more. The storage battery monitoring device further includes switch means for interrupting supply of power from the storage battery to the load when the storage battery monitoring device outputs an alarm signal. A storage battery monitoring device used in the present invention includes a charge / discharge amount calculating unit that calculates a discharge amount and a charge amount of the storage battery; a remaining capacity calculation unit that calculates a remaining capacity of the storage battery from a calculation result of the charge / discharge amount calculation unit; And a remaining capacity determining means for outputting an alarm signal when the remaining capacity obtained by the capacity calculating means becomes smaller than a predetermined value. With such a configuration, it is possible to easily and reliably prevent the storage battery from being in the overdischarge state with higher accuracy than before, without being greatly affected by the load state, the surrounding temperature environment, and the like.
【0015】なお蓄電池監視装置に、蓄電池の充放電回
数が予め定めた回数になったときに、満充電状態におけ
る蓄電池の内部抵抗を測定する内部抵抗測定手段と、内
部抵抗測定手段により測定した前記内部抵抗に基いて蓄
電池の劣化状態を判定する劣化状態判定手段とを更に設
け、残り容量演算手段で劣化状態判定手段の判定結果に
基いて満充電状態における蓄電池の容量を補正し、蓄電
池の残り容量を演算するように構成してもよい。このよ
うにすると、蓄電池の劣化による満充電量の低下を考慮
することができるので、判定精度が高くなる。この場
合、蓄電池監視装置は、内部抵抗測定手段が内部抵抗を
測定する際に、警報信号を出力してスイッチ手段を遮断
状態にするように構成するのが好ましい。The storage battery monitoring device has an internal resistance measuring means for measuring the internal resistance of the storage battery in a fully charged state when the number of times of charging and discharging of the storage battery reaches a predetermined number, and the internal resistance measuring means for measuring the internal resistance. Deterioration state determination means for determining the deterioration state of the storage battery based on the internal resistance is further provided, and the remaining capacity calculation means corrects the capacity of the storage battery in the fully charged state based on the determination result of the deterioration state determination means, and The capacity may be calculated. In this case, a decrease in the full charge amount due to the deterioration of the storage battery can be considered, so that the determination accuracy is increased. In this case, it is preferable that the storage battery monitoring device is configured to output an alarm signal to switch off the switch unit when the internal resistance measuring unit measures the internal resistance.
【0016】また本発明の蓄電池の監視装置は、蓄電池
の放電電気量、充電電気量等の電池使用状況を検出する
使用状況検出手段と、使用状況検出手段の検出結果を履
歴として記憶する使用状況履歴記憶手段とを備えてい
る。このような監視装置を用いれば、蓄電池の使用状況
の過去の履歴を知ることができ、その結果、蓄電池を使
用するユーザに蓄電池の使用態様を検討するデータを提
供することができ、ユーザはこの履歴に基いて蓄電池の
寿命の到来を知らせる警報や、電解液の減少を知らせる
警報や、負荷が多すぎることを知らせる警報等を発生さ
せることができ、ユーザにおいて蓄電池の管理が可能に
なる。例えば、使用状況履歴記憶手段に記憶されている
履歴から蓄電池の交換時期を判定し、交換時期に達した
ことを判定すると蓄電池交換警報信号を出力する蓄電池
交換時期判定手段を更に設ければよい。The storage battery monitoring apparatus according to the present invention further comprises a use condition detecting means for detecting a use condition of the battery such as a discharge electricity amount and a charge electricity amount of the storage battery, and a use condition for storing a detection result of the use condition detection means as a history. History storage means. By using such a monitoring device, it is possible to know the past history of the usage status of the storage battery, and as a result, it is possible to provide the user who uses the storage battery with data for examining the usage mode of the storage battery. Based on the history, it is possible to generate an alarm for notifying the end of the life of the storage battery, an alarm for notifying that the electrolyte is low, an alarm for notifying that the load is too large, and the like, so that the user can manage the storage battery. For example, a storage battery replacement time determination unit that determines a replacement time of the storage battery from the history stored in the usage status storage unit and outputs a storage battery replacement warning signal when it is determined that the replacement time has been reached may be further provided.
【0017】本発明は、電解液の補充を必要とする蓄電
池の監視装置も提供する。この監視装置では、蓄電池の
電解液の水位を検出する水位検出手段と、水位検出手段
で検出した水位が予め定めたレベル以下になると電解液
補充警報信号を出力する水位判定手段を備えている。こ
のような構成を用いると、電解液の減少を自動的に検出
することができる。The present invention also provides a storage battery monitoring device that requires replenishment of the electrolyte. This monitoring device includes a water level detecting means for detecting a water level of the electrolyte of the storage battery, and a water level determining means for outputting an electrolyte replenishment alarm signal when the water level detected by the water level detecting means falls below a predetermined level. With such a configuration, the decrease in the electrolyte can be automatically detected.
【0018】なお蓄電池監視装置を、蓄電池の電圧・電
流・温度・液面・時刻を測定する手段と、瞬時に使用可
能量を演算する手段と、対応する電流遮断機・冷却装置
・表示装置・外部メモリー等と組み合わされて、残量と
冷却及び表示を自動制御する手段と、蓄電池車載後最初
の放電から監視を起動し、蓄電池の使用履歴を記録する
手段とから構成してもよい。正確な電源管理の為に、電
流積算方式と内部抵抗検出方式を併用してデータ処理
し、逐次蓄電池使用可能量を補正して蓄電池残存容量の
算出を行ってもよい。更に蓄電池監視装置には、ガソリ
ンエンジン車の頻繁な充放電による累積誤差に対策する
為、内部抵抗を測定して、蓄電池使用可能量を推定し、
積算値と実測推定値を照合して、適宜、満充電容量をリ
セットーゼロ調整が行える機能を持たせてもよい。表示
用出力信号を出力するために、CANプロトコルに準拠
して、既設の車載メータパネルやNAVI画面等に表示
できるようにシリアル伝送装置を取り付ければよい。The storage battery monitoring device includes means for measuring the voltage, current, temperature, liquid level, and time of the storage battery, means for instantaneously calculating the usable amount, and a corresponding current breaker, cooling device, display device, Combined with an external memory or the like, it may be constituted by means for automatically controlling the remaining amount, cooling and display, and means for starting monitoring from the first discharge after mounting on the storage battery and recording the usage history of the storage battery. For accurate power supply management, data processing may be performed using both the current integration method and the internal resistance detection method, and the usable amount of the storage battery may be sequentially corrected to calculate the remaining capacity of the storage battery. Furthermore, the storage battery monitoring device measures the internal resistance to estimate the storage battery usable amount in order to take measures against cumulative errors due to frequent charging and discharging of gasoline engine vehicles,
A function of comparing the integrated value with the actually measured estimated value and appropriately resetting the full charge capacity to zero may be provided. In order to output a display output signal, a serial transmission device may be attached so as to be able to display on an existing in-vehicle meter panel, NAVI screen, or the like in accordance with the CAN protocol.
【0019】また自動車のスタータ機能保証とメンテナ
ンス補助を目的に自動車用鉛蓄電池の状態監視や保護対
策の駆動を行う為、バッテリーに電源制御用ICを組み
込んだ回路と電流遮断機と温度計及び電子水位計を取り
付けて、正確な状態監視とバッテリー冷却の自動化,負
荷の自動切断等のバッテリー保護と,残量表示,補水タ
イミングの指示,バッテリー交換アドバイス等の信号の
出力を行うようにしてもよい。Also, in order to monitor the status of the lead-acid battery for the vehicle and to drive protection measures for the purpose of assuring the starter function of the vehicle and assisting maintenance, a circuit incorporating a power control IC in the battery, a current breaker, a thermometer, and an electronic device. A water level gauge may be installed to perform accurate state monitoring, battery cooling automation, battery protection such as automatic disconnection of load, etc., and output of signals such as remaining capacity display, water replacement timing instruction, battery replacement advice, etc. .
【0020】なお制御基板を計測部と信号演算回路部と
から構成し、計測部はアナログ回路部とデジタル回路部
を有し、且つアナログ回路部が内部抵抗検出手段を有す
る。水位計は、多数回測定して判断する事による振動に
よる水面の変動に対応した正確な水位判断手段を含めて
もよい。また、使用開始より時刻をカウントすることで
バッテリーの使用履歴を把握し、きめ細かなメンテナン
スを可能にする機能を含めてもよい。The control board comprises a measuring section and a signal operation circuit section. The measuring section has an analog circuit section and a digital circuit section, and the analog circuit section has internal resistance detecting means. The water level gauge may include an accurate water level determination unit that responds to fluctuations in the water level due to vibration caused by measuring and determining a number of times. Further, a function of counting the time from the start of use to grasp the use history of the battery and enabling detailed maintenance may be included.
【0021】更に、バッテリー信号を活用してホストコ
ンピュータの指示により、自動車のアイドリングストッ
プに対応するエンジンのこまめスイッチングやライトの
自動点滅(トンネル・交差点),冷暖房予約,暖気運
転,盗難防止,待ち受けスリープ等の制御を行う事が可
能になる。そしてこれをサポートする電源の管理とアク
チュエータ駆動を一括制御出来る自動車用LANと信号
を共通化するバッテリー情報を送受信できる通信機能を
備えてもよい。[0021] Further, by the instruction of the host computer utilizing the battery signal, the engine is frequently switched to automatically stop the idling of the vehicle, and the light automatically flashes (tunnel / intersection), cooling / heating reservation, warm-up operation, theft prevention, standby sleep. And so on. A communication function that can transmit and receive battery information that shares a signal with an automotive LAN that can manage the power supply and control the actuator drive collectively that supports this may be provided.
【0022】なお電流積算方式と内部抵抗検出方式を併
用してデータ処理し、逐次蓄電池使用可能量を補正して
蓄電池残存容量を算出するに当たり、ガソリンエンジン
車の頻繁な充放電による累積誤差に対応する為、充放電
回数をカウントし、設定回数を超える毎に積算値と実測
推定値(内部抵抗率より放電率を推定)を照合して自動
的に満充電容量の変更(リセット−ゼロ調整)を行うよ
うにしてもよい。Data processing is performed using both the current integration method and the internal resistance detection method, and when the remaining battery capacity is calculated by successively correcting the usable amount of the storage battery, it corresponds to the accumulated error due to frequent charging and discharging of the gasoline engine vehicle. The number of times of charging and discharging is counted, and every time the set number of times is exceeded, the integrated value is compared with the actually measured estimated value (discharge rate is estimated from the internal resistivity) and the full charge capacity is automatically changed (reset-zero adjustment). May be performed.
【0023】[0023]
【発明の実施の形態】以下図面を参照して本発明の蓄電
池の過放電防止装置の実施の形態の一例を詳細に説明す
る。図1は、本発明の実施の形態の一例の構成を示すブ
ロック図である。図1において、1は自動車のエンジン
即ち内燃機関を始動させるためのスタータモータ等の電
動始動装置の電源として用いられる蓄電池である。この
例では、蓄電池1として液式の鉛蓄電池が用いられてい
る。また2は、蓄電池1からスタータモータを含む負荷
3への電力の供給を遮断するスイッチ手段である。この
スイッチ手段2は、常閉の電磁スイッチであり、後述す
る蓄電池監視装置8から警報信号が出力されると開状態
になり、リセット動作(キースイッチが開かれて再度キ
ースイッチが閉じられる動作)が行われるまで開状態を
維持する。この種のスイッチ手段を備えたプロテクタと
呼ばれる装置については、特表平5−6077号公報等
に開示されている。自動車に搭載される負荷と、この蓄
電池1と、スイッチ手段2と各負荷との関係は、図2の
回路図に示す通りである。図2において、31は運転者
によって手動操作されるキースイッチであり、32はキ
ースイッチ31の1つの接点を通して蓄電池1に接続さ
れてエンジンEを始動するためのスタータモータであ
る。キースイッチ31の別の接点には、点火装置33、
エアコン,オーディオ,NAVI等の負荷Aと、ライ
ト,ラジオ,盗難防止装置等の負荷Bが接続されてい
る。34は、蓄電池1を充電するための交流電力を発生
する磁石発電機であり、35は磁石発電機34の交流電
力を直流電力に変換して整流する整流回路である。蓄電
池1は、スイッチ手段2が閉状態にあるときに整流回路
35の直流出力によって浮動充電される。BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a storage battery over-discharge prevention apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an example of an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a storage battery used as a power supply of an electric starter such as a starter motor for starting an engine of an automobile, that is, an internal combustion engine. In this example, a liquid lead storage battery is used as the storage battery 1. Reference numeral 2 denotes switch means for cutting off the supply of power from the storage battery 1 to the load 3 including the starter motor. The switch means 2 is a normally-closed electromagnetic switch, which is opened when an alarm signal is output from the storage battery monitoring device 8 described later, and resets (the key switch is opened and the key switch is closed again). The open state is maintained until the operation is performed. A device called a protector provided with this type of switch means is disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. Hei 5-6077. The relationship between the load mounted on the vehicle, the storage battery 1, the switch means 2, and each load is as shown in the circuit diagram of FIG. In FIG. 2, reference numeral 31 denotes a key switch manually operated by a driver, and reference numeral 32 denotes a starter motor connected to the storage battery 1 through one contact of the key switch 31 to start the engine E. Another contact of the key switch 31 includes an ignition device 33,
A load A such as an air conditioner, audio, and NAVI is connected to a load B such as a light, a radio, and an anti-theft device. Reference numeral 34 denotes a magnet generator that generates AC power for charging the storage battery 1, and reference numeral 35 denotes a rectifier circuit that converts AC power of the magnet generator 34 into DC power and rectifies the DC power. The storage battery 1 is floatingly charged by the DC output of the rectifier circuit 35 when the switch means 2 is in the closed state.
【0024】この例の蓄電池監視装置8は、蓄電池1の
状態を監視し、蓄電池1の残り容量がスタータモータを
少なくとも1回以上駆動するために必要な容量よりも少
なくなったことを検出すると警報信号を出力する機能
と、蓄電池1の内部抵抗の変化(劣化状態)に応じて蓄
電池1の満充電状態における基準充電量(演算の基準と
なる充電電気量)を変更する機能と、蓄電池の使用状況
の履歴を記憶し、記憶した履歴に基いて蓄電池1の交換
時期を判定する機能と、蓄電池1の電解液の水位を検出
して水位が予め定めたレベル以下になると電解液補充警
報信号を発生する機能等を有している。そこでこれらの
機能を発揮させるために必要な蓄電池1の使用状況を検
出するために、この例では電圧検出手段4と、電流検出
手段5と、温度検出手段6と、水位検出手段7とを備え
ている。電圧検出手段4は、例えば蓄電池の出力端子間
に接続した電圧測定用抵抗体回路により構成されて、蓄
電池1の端子間電圧を測定する。電流検出手段5は、変
流器からなり、蓄電池1から出力される放電電流及び蓄
電池を充電するための充電電流を測定する。温度検出手
段6は、蓄電池1の電池ケースの外側に接合されて蓄電
池1の内部温度を間接的に測定する。温度検出手段5と
しては、サーミスタ等を用いることができる。水位検出
手段7は例えばフロート式の水位計の出力を電気信号に
変換するように構成されたものを用いることができる。
電圧検出手段4と、電流検出手段5と、温度検出手段6
と、水位検出手段7の出力は、それぞれアナログ信号で
あるため、マイクロコンピュータを用いて信号処理をす
るためには、A/D変換器を用いてアナログ信号をデジ
タル信号に変換する。この例では、マイクロコンピュー
タを用いて信号処理をするため各検出手段の出力をA/
D変換している。The storage battery monitoring device 8 of this embodiment monitors the state of the storage battery 1 and issues an alarm when it detects that the remaining capacity of the storage battery 1 has become smaller than the capacity required for driving the starter motor at least once. A function of outputting a signal, a function of changing a reference charge amount (a reference charge amount for calculation) in a fully charged state of the storage battery 1 according to a change (deterioration state) of the internal resistance of the storage battery 1, and use of the storage battery A function of storing a history of the situation, determining a replacement time of the storage battery 1 based on the stored history, and detecting a water level of the electrolyte of the storage battery 1 and outputting an electrolyte replenishment alarm signal when the water level falls below a predetermined level. It has a function to generate. Therefore, in order to detect the use condition of the storage battery 1 required for exerting these functions, in this example, a voltage detecting means 4, a current detecting means 5, a temperature detecting means 6, and a water level detecting means 7 are provided. ing. The voltage detecting means 4 is configured by, for example, a voltage measuring resistor circuit connected between output terminals of the storage battery, and measures a voltage between terminals of the storage battery 1. The current detecting means 5 includes a current transformer, and measures a discharge current output from the storage battery 1 and a charging current for charging the storage battery. The temperature detecting means 6 is joined to the outside of the battery case of the storage battery 1 and indirectly measures the internal temperature of the storage battery 1. As the temperature detection means 5, a thermistor or the like can be used. As the water level detecting means 7, for example, a means configured to convert the output of a float type water level meter into an electric signal can be used.
Voltage detecting means 4, current detecting means 5, temperature detecting means 6
Since the output of the water level detection means 7 is an analog signal, the analog signal is converted into a digital signal using an A / D converter in order to perform signal processing using a microcomputer. In this example, the output of each detecting means is A /
D conversion.
【0025】この例の蓄電池監視装置8は、蓄電池1の
放電量と充電量とを演算する充放電量演算手段9と、充
放電量演算手段9の演算結果から蓄電池1の残り容量を
演算する残り容量演算手段10と、残り容量演算手段1
0により求めた残り容量が予め定めた値より小さくなっ
たときに警報信号を出力する残り容量判定手段11とを
備えている。なおこの例では、蓄電池1の充放電回数が
予め定めた回数(例えば1000回)になったときに、
満充電状態における蓄電池1の内部抵抗を測定する内部
抵抗測定手段12と、この内部抵抗測定手段12により
測定した内部抵抗に基いて蓄電池1の劣化状態を判定す
る劣化状態判定手段13とを更に具備している。The storage battery monitoring device 8 of this embodiment calculates the amount of discharge and charge of the storage battery 1 and calculates the remaining capacity of the storage battery 1 from the calculation result of the calculation of the amount of charge and discharge. Remaining capacity calculating means 10 and remaining capacity calculating means 1
And a remaining capacity determining means for outputting an alarm signal when the remaining capacity determined by 0 is smaller than a predetermined value. In this example, when the number of times of charging and discharging the storage battery 1 reaches a predetermined number (for example, 1000 times),
It further includes an internal resistance measuring means 12 for measuring the internal resistance of the storage battery 1 in a fully charged state, and a deterioration state determining means 13 for determining the deterioration state of the storage battery 1 based on the internal resistance measured by the internal resistance measuring means 12. are doing.
【0026】充放電量演算手段9は、電流検出手段5の
出力から、蓄電池1から負荷に供給される電気量(放電
電気量)と、蓄電池1を充電するための電気量(充電電
気量)とを演算により求める。なお充放電量演算手段9
が、温度検出手段6の出力に基いて温度補正を行う。The charge / discharge amount calculating means 9 calculates the amount of electricity supplied to the load from the storage battery 1 (discharged electricity) and the amount of electricity for charging the storage battery 1 (charged electricity) based on the output of the current detection means 5. Are obtained by calculation. The charge / discharge amount calculating means 9
Performs a temperature correction based on the output of the temperature detecting means 6.
【0027】残り容量判定手段10は、劣化状態判定手
段13の判定結果に基いて満充電状態における蓄電池1
の容量を補正して、蓄電池1の残り容量を演算する。図
3は、蓄電池の内部抵抗率と放電率との関係の一例を示
す図である。この図において内部抵抗率は、放電率が0
の電池すなわち新品の電池(劣化が進んでいない電池)
の内部抵抗を基準内部抵抗[Ro]とし、スイッチ手段
2を開状態にしているときに測定した内部抵抗[Rt]
を基準内部抵抗で除した値である。そして放電率[α]
とは、放電量[Ah]を蓄電池最大使用可能容量[Ah
F]で除した値である。蓄電池最大使用可能容量とは、
満充電容量[AhF]から最小蓄電池残存容量[Ah]
を引いた値である。蓄電池1の劣化が進行すると、内部
抵抗が大きくなる上、蓄電池最大使用可能容量が小さく
なって、放電量と蓄電池最大使用可能容量の値が近付
く。その結果放電率は大きくなる。すなわち内部抵抗率
及び放電率が大きくなることは、蓄電池の劣化状態が進
んでいることを意味する。また内部抵抗を知ることによ
り、劣化が進んだときにおける満充電時における満充電
電気量(実際上は、蓄電池最大使用可能容量)を知るこ
とができる。The remaining capacity judging means 10 determines whether the storage battery 1 is fully charged based on the judgment result of the deterioration state judging means 13.
And the remaining capacity of the storage battery 1 is calculated. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of the relationship between the internal resistivity and the discharge rate of the storage battery. In this figure, the internal resistivity indicates that the discharge rate is 0.
Batteries, ie new batteries (batteries that have not deteriorated)
Is the reference internal resistance [Ro], and the internal resistance [Rt] measured when the switch means 2 is open.
Is divided by the reference internal resistance. And the discharge rate [α]
Means that the discharge amount [Ah] is the maximum usable capacity [Ah] of the storage battery.
F]. What is the maximum usable capacity of a storage battery?
From the full charge capacity [AhF] to the minimum remaining battery capacity [Ah]
Is the value obtained by subtracting. As the deterioration of the storage battery 1 progresses, the internal resistance increases and the maximum usable capacity of the storage battery decreases, so that the discharge amount and the value of the maximum usable capacity of the storage battery approach each other. As a result, the discharge rate increases. That is, an increase in the internal resistivity and the discharge rate means that the storage battery is in a deteriorated state. Also, by knowing the internal resistance, it is possible to know the fully charged amount of electricity (actually, the maximum usable capacity of the storage battery) at the time of full charge when the deterioration has progressed.
【0028】そこで劣化状態判定手段13は、内部抵抗
測定手段12により測定した内部抵抗に基いて内部抵抗
率を演算し、この内部抵抗率に基いて、図3に示すよう
な内部抵抗率−放電率の関係データからその時点におけ
る劣化状態を判定し、その時点における満充電時の蓄電
池の容量を補正するデータ(経年劣化量)を残り容量演
算手段9に出力する。内部抵抗測定手段12が作動する
ときには、スイッチ手段2は開いた状態になる。これは
内部抵抗の測定に負荷のインピーダンスが含まれると測
定精度が落ちるためである。なお内部抵抗測定手段12
及び劣化状態判定手段13の構成及び動作は後の具体的
な例の説明で詳しく説明する。Then, the deterioration state judging means 13 calculates the internal resistivity based on the internal resistance measured by the internal resistance measuring means 12, and based on the internal resistivity, the internal resistivity-discharge as shown in FIG. The deterioration state at that time is determined from the rate-related data, and data (aged deterioration amount) for correcting the capacity of the storage battery at the time of full charge at that time is output to the remaining capacity calculation means 9. When the internal resistance measuring means 12 operates, the switch means 2 is in an open state. This is because the measurement accuracy is reduced if the impedance of the load is included in the measurement of the internal resistance. The internal resistance measuring means 12
The configuration and operation of the deterioration state determining means 13 will be described in detail in the description of a specific example later.
【0029】残り容量演算手段10は劣化状態を考慮し
て補正された満充電状態における蓄電池1の満充電容量
を基準容量として、充放電量演算手段9の演算結果をこ
の基準容量に加減算することにより蓄電池の残り容量を
演算する。残り容量判定手段11は、残り容量演算手段
10により求めた残り容量が予め定めた値より小さくな
ったときに警報信号を出力する。ここで残り容量につい
ての『予め定めた値』とは、スタータモータを少なくと
も1回以上駆動するために必要な容量以上の値である。
安全を見れば、2〜3回はスタータモータを駆動できる
だけの容量を残り容量の予め定めた値とするのが好まし
い。The remaining capacity calculation means 10 uses the full charge capacity of the storage battery 1 in the fully charged state corrected in consideration of the deterioration state as a reference capacity to add or subtract the calculation result of the charge / discharge amount calculation means 9 to or from this reference capacity. To calculate the remaining capacity of the storage battery. The remaining capacity determination means 11 outputs an alarm signal when the remaining capacity calculated by the remaining capacity calculation means 10 becomes smaller than a predetermined value. Here, the “predetermined value” for the remaining capacity is a value equal to or more than the capacity required to drive the starter motor at least once or more.
From the viewpoint of safety, it is preferable to set the capacity enough to drive the starter motor to a predetermined value of the remaining capacity for a few times.
【0030】残り容量判定手段11が警報信号をスイッ
チ手段2に出力すると、スイッチ手段2が開状態になっ
て蓄電池1から負荷への電力の供給は停止されて、過放
電が阻止されて、エンジンの再起動のための電力の確保
が達成される。スイッチ手段2が開いたときの負荷の容
量が大きいと、エンジンによって駆動される発電機の負
荷用発電コイルの出力電圧は低下し、エアコン,オーデ
ィオ等のように大きな電力を必要とする負荷はその動作
を停止する。スイッチ手段2は、エンジンが停止して再
度キースイッチ31をオン動作すると、リセットされて
閉状態になる。なおエンジンの始動時にスイッチ手段2
が開状態にならないようにするためには、例えばキース
イッチ31がスタータモータを起動している期間は残り
容量判定手段11が判定動作をしないように、スイッチ
手段2が閉状態になってから所定の時間が経過するまで
は残り容量判定手段11が動作しないように残り容量判
定手段11を構成しておけばよい。具体的には、スイッ
チ手段2が閉状態になってからカウント動作を開始する
タイマを用いればよい。When the remaining capacity judging means 11 outputs an alarm signal to the switch means 2, the switch means 2 is opened, the supply of power from the storage battery 1 to the load is stopped, and overdischarge is prevented, and the engine is stopped. As a result, power is secured for restarting the vehicle. If the capacity of the load when the switch means 2 is opened is large, the output voltage of the load generating coil of the generator driven by the engine decreases, and a load requiring a large amount of electric power, such as an air conditioner or an audio device, is reduced. Stop operation. When the engine is stopped and the key switch 31 is turned on again, the switch unit 2 is reset and closed. When the engine is started, the switch means 2
In order to prevent the remaining capacity from being opened, for example, during a period in which the key switch 31 is activating the starter motor, a predetermined time after the switch means 2 is closed so that the remaining capacity determination means 11 does not perform the determination operation. The remaining capacity determination means 11 may be configured so that the remaining capacity determination means 11 does not operate until the time elapses. Specifically, a timer that starts a count operation after the switch unit 2 is closed may be used.
【0031】この例では、電圧検出手段4、電流検出手
段5、温度検出手段6、水位検出手段7、充放電演算手
段9、残り容量判定手段11、劣化状態判定手段13、
後述する水位判定手段14がそれぞれ使用状況検出手段
を構成している。そしてこれらの使用状況検出手段の出
力は、使用状況履歴記憶手段15に記憶される。データ
量の多い出力については、サンプリングしてデータを記
憶する。またこの例では、使用状況履歴記憶手段15に
記憶されている履歴から蓄電池1の交換時期を判定し、
交換時期に達したことを判定すると蓄電池交換警報信号
を出力する蓄電池交換時期判定手段16を更に備えてい
る。交換時期の判定は、例えば内部抵抗率及び放電率、
温度上昇率等を基準値と対比し、これらのいずれか1つ
が基準値を超えたか否かに基いて行う。In this example, voltage detecting means 4, current detecting means 5, temperature detecting means 6, water level detecting means 7, charge / discharge calculating means 9, remaining capacity determining means 11, deterioration state determining means 13,
The water level judging means 14, which will be described later, constitutes a use state detecting means. Then, the outputs of these use state detection means are stored in the use state history storage means 15. For an output with a large amount of data, the data is sampled and stored. Further, in this example, the replacement time of the storage battery 1 is determined from the history stored in the usage history storage unit 15,
It further includes a storage battery replacement timing determination unit 16 that outputs a storage battery replacement warning signal when it is determined that the replacement timing has been reached. The determination of the replacement time includes, for example, the internal resistivity and the discharge rate,
The temperature rise rate and the like are compared with a reference value, and the determination is performed based on whether any one of them exceeds the reference value.
【0032】水位検出手段7は、蓄電池の電解液の水位
を検出して電気信号として出力する。水位検出手段7は
すべてのセルに対して装着してもよいが、複数のセルの
中から坂道走行中でも各セルの水位を代表できるように
配慮して選択した1つのセルに対して1つの水位検出手
段7を設けるようにしてもよい。なお自動車は走行中に
大きな振動を発生するため、振動が原因となって一時的
に水位が低下することがある。そこで水位判定手段14
は、水位検出手段7で検出した水位が繰り返し予め定め
たレベル以下になると電解液補充警報信号を出力する。
具体的には、5秒間測定し、水位が予め定めたレベル以
下になる合計時間が2秒以下になったときに電解液補充
警報信号を出力する。なお前述の温度検出手段6の出力
が予め定めた温度以上になったとき、及び電解液補充警
報信号が出力されたときにスイッチ手段2を開状態にす
るようにしてもよい。このようにすると蓄電池1が熱逸
走状態になるのを防ぐことができる。The water level detecting means 7 detects the water level of the electrolyte of the storage battery and outputs it as an electric signal. The water level detecting means 7 may be attached to all cells, but one water level is selected for one cell selected from among a plurality of cells while taking care to represent the water level of each cell even when traveling on a slope. The detecting means 7 may be provided. Since the automobile generates large vibrations while traveling, the vibration may cause a temporary drop in the water level. Therefore, the water level determination means 14
Outputs an electrolyte replenishment alarm signal when the water level detected by the water level detection means 7 repeatedly falls below a predetermined level.
Specifically, measurement is performed for 5 seconds, and an electrolyte replenishment alarm signal is output when the total time when the water level falls below a predetermined level becomes 2 seconds or less. The switch means 2 may be opened when the output of the temperature detecting means 6 becomes equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature or when an electrolyte replenishment alarm signal is output. By doing so, it is possible to prevent the storage battery 1 from going into a thermal runaway state.
【0033】図4(A)は、図1のスイッチ手段2を内
蔵する蓄電池監視装置8をユニットにした場合の外観斜
視図である。なお81は、通信用コネクタである。そし
て図4(B)は、この蓄電池監視装置8を蓄電池に実装
した状態を示す斜視図である。FIG. 4A is an external perspective view of a case where the storage battery monitoring device 8 incorporating the switch means 2 of FIG. 1 is formed as a unit. Reference numeral 81 denotes a communication connector. FIG. 4B is a perspective view showing a state where the storage battery monitoring device 8 is mounted on a storage battery.
【0034】図5は、図1の構成をマイクロコンピュー
タを用いて実現する場合の主要部のハード構成を示す回
路図である。なお図1に付した構成要素を構成する部材
には、図1に付した符号と同じ符号を付してある。12
Aは図1の内部抵抗測定手段12の一部を構成する強制
放電回路である。この強制放電回路12Aは、放電抵抗
Rと、スイッチSWと、アンプOP1と、微分回路12
aとから構成されている。内部抵抗を測定する際には、
スイッチSWをオン状態にして強制放電を行い、このと
きの電圧変化分を微分回路12aから出力する。内部抵
抗測定手段12は、この電圧変化分を用いて公知の方法
により内部抵抗を測定する。なお測定は、CPUによる
演算により実行する。17はシリアル伝送装置であり、
このシリアル伝送装置17は、蓄電池の情報信号を確認
して車載ホストコンピュータと送受信する。このシリア
ル伝送装置17は、CANプロトコルに準拠した自動車
用USBに接続可能な蓄電池情報信号を送受信し、少な
くとも電池容量と電池交換時期を更新・表示するに足る
表示装置に対応できる信号である。FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram showing a hardware configuration of a main part when the configuration of FIG. 1 is realized using a microcomputer. Note that members constituting the components shown in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals as those denoted in FIG. 12
A is a forced discharge circuit constituting a part of the internal resistance measuring means 12 of FIG. The forced discharge circuit 12A includes a discharge resistor R, a switch SW, an amplifier OP1,
a. When measuring the internal resistance,
The switch SW is turned on to perform forced discharge, and the voltage change at this time is output from the differentiating circuit 12a. The internal resistance measuring means 12 measures the internal resistance using the voltage change by a known method. The measurement is performed by calculation by the CPU. 17 is a serial transmission device,
The serial transmission device 17 checks the information signal of the storage battery and transmits / receives the information signal to / from the on-board host computer. The serial transmission device 17 transmits and receives a storage battery information signal connectable to a USB for automobiles conforming to the CAN protocol, and is a signal compatible with a display device sufficient to update and display at least the battery capacity and the battery replacement time.
【0035】蓄電池監視装置8は、CPU81と、RO
M82及び83と、RAM84と、A/D変換器85
と、W/R86と、RTC87と、SIO88とから構
成されている。シリアル伝送装置17は、CPU171
と、ROM172及び173と、RAM174と、SI
O175〜177とから構成されている。各強制放電回
路12A、電圧検出手段4、電流検出手段5、温度検出
手段6及び水位検出手段7の出力は絶縁アンプOP1〜
OP5により増幅された後、A/D変換器85によりデ
ジタル信号に変換される。蓄電池監視装置8では、A/
D変換器85の出力に基いてCPU81で逐次演算を行
い、シリアルデータをシリアル伝送装置17から1秒毎
に出力する。The storage battery monitoring device 8 includes a CPU 81 and an RO
M82 and 83, RAM 84, A / D converter 85
, W / R 86, RTC 87, and SIO 88. The serial transmission device 17 includes a CPU 171
ROMs 172 and 173, RAM 174, SI
O175 to 177. The outputs of each forced discharge circuit 12A, voltage detecting means 4, current detecting means 5, temperature detecting means 6, and water level detecting means 7 are output from insulating amplifiers OP1 to OP1.
After being amplified by OP5, it is converted into a digital signal by the A / D converter 85. In the storage battery monitoring device 8, A /
The CPU 81 performs a sequential operation based on the output of the D converter 85, and outputs serial data from the serial transmission device 17 every second.
【0036】CPU81では、蓄電池1の放電量と充電
量とを演算し、その演算結果から蓄電池1の残り容量を
演算し、演算により求めた残り容量が予め定めた値より
小さくなったときに、図1のスイッチ手段2を開状態に
するための警報信号を発生する。また蓄電池1の劣化状
態を反映させるために、CPU81では、蓄電池1の充
放電回数が予め定めた回数になったときに、満充電状態
における蓄電池の内部抵抗を測定し、この内部抵抗に基
いて蓄電池の劣化状態を判定し、その判定結果に基いて
満充電状態における蓄電池の容量を補正する。そこで強
制放電回路12Aの微分回路12aから得た電圧変化分
に基いて、蓄電池1の内部抵抗を測定するための演算を
行い、その結果を電池容量の演算に反映させる。なおこ
の演算用プログラムはROM82に格納する。演算に使
用する各種データ(ex.蓄電池機種,温度補正)はR
OM83に格納する。そして各入力データはRAM84
に格納する。The CPU 81 calculates the amount of discharge and the amount of charge of the storage battery 1 and calculates the remaining capacity of the storage battery 1 from the calculation result. When the remaining capacity obtained by the calculation becomes smaller than a predetermined value, An alarm signal for opening the switch means 2 of FIG. 1 is generated. Further, in order to reflect the deterioration state of the storage battery 1, the CPU 81 measures the internal resistance of the storage battery in the fully charged state when the number of times of charging and discharging of the storage battery 1 reaches a predetermined number, and based on the internal resistance, The deterioration state of the storage battery is determined, and the capacity of the storage battery in the fully charged state is corrected based on the determination result. Therefore, an operation for measuring the internal resistance of the storage battery 1 is performed based on the voltage change obtained from the differentiation circuit 12a of the forced discharge circuit 12A, and the result is reflected in the calculation of the battery capacity. The calculation program is stored in the ROM 82. Various data (ex. Storage battery model, temperature correction) used for the calculation is R
Store in OM83. Each input data is stored in the RAM 84
To be stored.
【0037】シリアル伝送装置17の入力ライン17B
には、キーボード(パソコンで可)を接続することがで
き、外部から演算に使用する各種設定データを更新する
ことができるようになっている。またライン17Aは、
自動車のホストOSとの接続を行う通信ケーブルが接続
される。なお自動車のホストOSは既存汎用OSを想定
する。The input line 17B of the serial transmission device 17
Can be connected to a keyboard (possible with a personal computer), so that various setting data used for calculation can be externally updated. Line 17A is
A communication cable for connection with the host OS of the automobile is connected. The host OS of the vehicle is assumed to be an existing general-purpose OS.
【0038】次に基本動作を説明する。なお基本動作を
説明する前に、以下の説明で用いる用語を以下のように
定義する。Next, the basic operation will be described. Before describing the basic operation, terms used in the following description are defined as follows.
【0039】(1)残存容量〔Ah〕:蓄電池の残り容
量をいう。(1) Remaining capacity [Ah]: Remaining capacity of the storage battery.
【0040】(2)満充電容量〔AhF〕:蓄電池を満
充電した時の全容量をいう。(2) Full charge capacity [AhF]: The full capacity when the storage battery is fully charged.
【0041】(3)最小蓄電池残存容量〔Ah〕:必ず
残さなければならない下限容量通常は定格容量の20%
とする。(3) Minimum storage battery remaining capacity [Ah]: lower limit capacity that must always be kept, usually 20% of rated capacity
And
【0042】(4)蓄電池最大使用可能容量〔Ah
F〕:満充電〔AhF〕から最小蓄電池残存容量を引い
た値をいう。(4) Maximum usable capacity of the storage battery [Ah
F]: A value obtained by subtracting the minimum remaining battery capacity from the full charge [AhF].
【0043】(5)蓄電池使用可能容量〔Ah〕:残存
容量〔Ah〕から最小蓄電池残存容量〔Ah〕を引いた
値をいう。(5) Storage battery usable capacity [Ah]: A value obtained by subtracting the minimum storage battery remaining capacity [Ah] from the remaining capacity [Ah].
【0044】(6)満充電:蓄電池充電時において蓄電
池の端子電圧が14.5V以上、充電電流が電池メーカ
ーの該当品種に推奨するA以下の状態をもって満充電と
判定する(ex.0.05A)。(6) Full charge: When the storage battery is charged, it is determined that the battery is fully charged when the terminal voltage of the storage battery is 14.5 V or more, and the charging current is less than or equal to A recommended for the corresponding product type of the battery manufacturer (ex. 0.05 A). ).
【0045】(7)稼働中:蓄電池から0.5A以上の
電流が流れている状態をいう。(7) During operation: A state in which a current of 0.5 A or more flows from the storage battery.
【0046】(8)停止中:蓄電池電流が0〜0.5A
未満の状態が、2秒以上継続した状態をいう。(8) During stop: the battery current is 0 to 0.5 A
The state of less than or equal to 2 seconds or more.
【0047】(9)基準内部抵抗〔R0〕:満充電完了
直後に測定した内部抵抗をいう。(9) Reference internal resistance [R0]: Refers to the internal resistance measured immediately after the completion of full charge.
【0048】(10)内部抵抗率〔Rr〕:停止中に測定
した内部抵抗〔Rt〕を基準内部抵抗〔R0〕で除した
値をいう。(10) Internal resistivity [Rr]: A value obtained by dividing the internal resistance [Rt] measured during stoppage by the reference internal resistance [R0].
【0049】(11)放電率〔α〕:放電量〔Ah〕を蓄
電池最大使用可能容量〔AhF〕で除した値をいう。(11) Discharge rate [α]: A value obtained by dividing the discharge amount [Ah] by the maximum usable capacity [AhF] of the storage battery.
【0050】(12)自己放電量:イグニッションキーo
ff時に自然放電により放電する放電量をいう。この自
己放電量はターミナルから任意に変更可能な設定値とさ
れる。通常は、電池メーカーの該当品種に指定している
自己放電量とする〔ex.(0.4〜1.0/100)
x定格容量Ah/日〕。(12) Self-discharge amount: ignition key o
It refers to the discharge amount discharged by natural discharge at ff. This self-discharge amount is a set value that can be arbitrarily changed from the terminal. Normally, the self-discharge amount specified for the corresponding product type of the battery manufacturer [ex. (0.4-1.0 / 100)
x rated capacity Ah / day].
【0051】(13)経年劣化量〔kd〕:蓄電池の充放
電繰返しに伴い満充電容量が減少する量をいう。この経
年劣化量はターミナルから任意に変更可能な設定値とす
る。 (14)累積誤差〔δ〕:頻繁な充放電の度に発生する電
流測定の微小誤差を累積したもの〔Σ±Ah(t)〕を
云う。(13) Aging deterioration amount [kd]: The amount by which the full charge capacity decreases with repeated charging and discharging of the storage battery. This aging deterioration amount is a set value that can be arbitrarily changed from the terminal. (14) Cumulative error [δ]: Accumulated [微小 ± Ah (t)] of minute errors in current measurement generated at every frequent charge and discharge.
【0052】基本の動作は次の通りである。The basic operation is as follows.
【0053】(1)蓄電池1を初回満充電完了した後
に、イグニッションキースイッチをonする初めての放
電で監視装置8を起動し以後の履歴を記録する。(1) After the first full charge of the storage battery 1 is completed, the monitoring device 8 is started by the first discharge when the ignition key switch is turned on, and the subsequent history is recorded.
【0054】(2)監視開始を確認後イグニッションキ
ーをoffにして、蓄電池の停止を確認すると、最初の
内部抵抗測定を行い電池容量データを発信する。(2) When the ignition key is turned off after confirming the start of monitoring and the stop of the storage battery is confirmed, the first internal resistance measurement is performed and the battery capacity data is transmitted.
【0055】(3)以後、電流値を監視し、ROMデー
タを参照して温度補正を行いイグニッションキーon時
に、電池残存容量を1秒毎に更新する。電流値の監視
は、蓄電池が予め設定した要保護容量まで放電するか、
又は充電量が放電量を上回って満充電条件を満足するま
での間は、電流値を細かく積算し電池残存容量を求め続
ける。(3) Thereafter, the current value is monitored, the temperature is corrected with reference to the ROM data, and the remaining battery capacity is updated every second when the ignition key is turned on. Monitoring of the current value is performed by checking whether the storage battery discharges to the preset required protection capacity,
Alternatively, until the charge amount exceeds the discharge amount and the full charge condition is satisfied, the current value is finely integrated to continuously calculate the remaining battery capacity.
【0056】(4)更に、この間電流の流れが逆転する
回数をカウントする。蓄電池の電流の流れが逆転する回
数(充放電回数)が設定回数(例えば1000回)を越
えると、速やかに満充電にした後、遮断スイッチ手段2
による蓄電池の停止を確認すると、監視装置内の抵抗負
荷Rに強制的に瞬時電流を流し、内部抵抗を測定して、
満充電を確認した後電池容量を基準容量と対比してリセ
ットし満充電容量を更新する。(4) Further, the number of times the current flow reverses during this period is counted. When the number of times that the current flow of the storage battery reverses (the number of times of charging and discharging) exceeds a set number of times (for example, 1000 times), the battery is fully charged immediately, and then the cutoff switch means 2
When it is confirmed that the storage battery has stopped, the instantaneous current is forced to flow through the resistance load R in the monitoring device, and the internal resistance is measured.
After confirming the full charge, the battery capacity is reset in comparison with the reference capacity to update the full charge capacity.
【0057】(5)イグニッションキーoff時、蓄電
池1に電流が流れておらず、長時間駐車状態の時は、自
己放電量を算出し、電池容量を減ずる。(5) When the ignition key is turned off, no current flows through the storage battery 1, and when the vehicle is parked for a long time, the amount of self-discharge is calculated to reduce the battery capacity.
【0058】なお、自己放電係数はターミナルから入力
した値を使用する。放電量の累計は満充電容量が更新さ
れたら、その時点から充・放電量の累計を新たに始め
る。The self-discharge coefficient uses the value input from the terminal. When the full charge capacity is updated, the total of the discharge amount is newly started from that point.
【0059】(6)経年劣化が生じた時には次のように
する。まず計測部内の抵抗負荷Rに強制的に瞬時電流を
流し内部抵抗を測定する。そして内部抵抗をROMデー
タと対比することにより推定した満充電容量からリセッ
トの為新しく満充電にして内部抵抗を測定して、ROM
データより推定した満充電容量の差を経年劣化量〔kd
(t)〕として算出し、新しい測定容量値を新しい満充
電量AhF(t)とする。放電量の累計は満充電容量が
更新されたら、その時点から充・放電量の累計を新たに
始める。(6) When aging has occurred, the following is performed. First, an instantaneous current is forced to flow through the resistance load R in the measurement unit to measure the internal resistance. The internal resistance is measured by comparing the internal resistance with the ROM data to make a full charge for reset from the estimated full charge capacity and measuring the internal resistance.
The difference in the full charge capacity estimated from the data is calculated as the aging deterioration amount [kd
(T)], and the new measured capacity value is set as a new full charge amount AhF (t). When the full charge capacity is updated, the total of the discharge amount is newly started from that point.
【0060】上記のような動作をさせるために、具体的
には次のようにする。まず鉛蓄電池は、定格容量の80
%以上放電すると著しく寿命が劣化するので、DOD8
0%放電時点(前述のポイント蓄電池使用可能容量)を
精度良く検出し、その時点でメータの残存容量表示を0
にする。メータは自動車の運転席に設置してもよいし、
監視装置のユニットに装着してもよい。In order to perform the above operation, the following is specifically performed. First, the lead-acid battery has a rated capacity of 80%.
% Or more, the life is significantly deteriorated.
The 0% discharge point (the above-mentioned point storage battery usable capacity) is accurately detected, and the remaining capacity display of the meter is set to 0 at that point.
To The meter may be installed in the driver's seat of the car,
It may be mounted on a unit of the monitoring device.
【0061】また、鉛蓄電池は、使用条件(蓄電池温
度、放電電流、内部電解液量等)によって取り出し可能
な電気エネルギー(蓄電池使用可能容量)が大きく変化
するので、常に蓄電池使用可能容量を補正していく必要
がある。そこで、蓄電池残存容量の算出に電流積算方式
と内部抵抗方式を併用し、蓄電池残存容量の算出精度を
高めることとする。すなわち、蓄電池使用可能容量の1
00〜30%の範囲までは蓄電池の放電電流をきめ細か
く積算して蓄電池容量から差し引いて(電流積算方式)
表示し、30〜0%の範囲では蓄電池内部抵抗を測定し
(内部抵抗検出方式)電流積算方式で求めた残存容量を
補正して表示する方法とする。In a lead-acid battery, the electric energy (usable capacity of the storage battery) that can be taken out varies greatly depending on the use conditions (battery temperature, discharge current, internal electrolyte volume, etc.). It is necessary to go. Therefore, the current integration method and the internal resistance method are used together to calculate the storage battery remaining capacity, and the calculation accuracy of the storage battery remaining capacity is improved. That is, one of the usable capacity of the storage battery
Up to the range of 00 to 30%, the discharge current of the storage battery is finely integrated and subtracted from the storage battery capacity (current integration method).
In this method, the storage battery internal resistance is measured in the range of 30 to 0% (internal resistance detection method), and the remaining capacity obtained by the current integration method is corrected and displayed.
【0062】更に、ガソリンエンジン車の頻繁な充放電
に対応する蓄電池はこの間に発生する累積誤差を適宜キ
ャンセルする必要がある。そこで、蓄電池から見て電流
の方向が逆転する回数(充放電回数)をカウントし、予
め設定した回数毎に、蓄電池を満充電にして内部抵抗を
測定しROMデータと対比して推定する方法でメータ容
量と比較し満充電容量を更新することによりリセットを
行う。Further, for a storage battery corresponding to frequent charging and discharging of a gasoline engine vehicle, it is necessary to appropriately cancel the accumulated error generated during this period. Therefore, the number of times that the direction of the current reverses as viewed from the storage battery (the number of times of charge / discharge) is counted, and the storage battery is fully charged, the internal resistance is measured, and the estimated value is compared with the ROM data at every predetermined number of times. The reset is performed by updating the full charge capacity in comparison with the meter capacity.
【0063】初回満充電完了後、イグニッションキース
イッチをonにすると、蓄電池を初めて放電した時の電
圧値と、予め設定した電圧値、例えば11Vと比較し
て、放電電圧が前記設定電圧を下回った時点を検出する
回路手段が蓄電池監視装置8の内部に別に設けられてい
る。したがって、電池を自動車に搭載した時点までは、
電池電圧は殆ど12V以上であるため、本監視装置が電
池容量の監視を開始しない。しかし、エンジンの始動や
ランプ,AV装置,ワイパー等の使用により、蓄電池が
瞬時ではあっても大電流で放電されると、電池電圧は急
激に低下して設定電圧11Vを下回り、この時点を前記
回路手段が検出する。そして、この放電時の電圧が設定
電圧値を下回った時点から、電池の監視を開始する。こ
の回路手段は、一旦、監視を開始するとスイッチが切断
して毎回の電池の始動によって上記の命令がその都度繰
り返されることを防止する。また、蓄電池の履歴データ
は本装置の記憶容量を補助する目的でターミナルを通じ
一定量毎に外部のログファイルに通信記録する。When the ignition key switch is turned on after the completion of the first full charge, the discharge voltage is lower than the set voltage when the storage battery is discharged for the first time and compared with a preset voltage value, for example, 11 V. Circuit means for detecting the time is separately provided inside the storage battery monitoring device 8. Therefore, until the battery is installed in the car,
Since the battery voltage is almost 12 V or more, the monitoring device does not start monitoring the battery capacity. However, when the storage battery is discharged with a large current even though it is instantaneous due to the start of the engine or the use of a lamp, an AV device, a wiper, etc., the battery voltage drops sharply and falls below the set voltage of 11 V. The circuit means detects. Then, the monitoring of the battery is started from the point in time when the voltage at the time of discharging falls below the set voltage value. This circuit means prevents the above-mentioned command from being repeated each time the battery is started by turning off the switch once monitoring is started. In addition, the history data of the storage battery is communicated and recorded in an external log file at a fixed amount through a terminal for the purpose of assisting the storage capacity of the present apparatus.
【0064】次に蓄電池監視装置で蓄電池の残存容量を
算出する場合の具体例を説明する。 (1)取り付け時(主蓄電池の取替え時も含む) 取付け時は自動車の蓄電池を満充電状態にしておくこと
を条件とする。この時の満充電容量及び残存容量は、蓄
電池の劣化度合にかかわらず定格容量と(Ah)し、自
己放電量及び経年劣化量は0としておく。Next, a specific example in the case where the storage capacity of the storage battery is calculated by the storage battery monitoring device will be described. (1) At the time of installation (including at the time of replacement of the main storage battery) At the time of installation, the storage battery of the vehicle must be fully charged. At this time, the full charge capacity and the remaining capacity are set to the rated capacity (Ah) regardless of the degree of deterioration of the storage battery, and the self-discharge amount and the aged deterioration amount are set to 0.
【0065】(2)稼働中及び停止中 残存容量の算出は電流積算方式による。算出式を以下の
式[1]に示す。(2) During operation and stoppage The remaining capacity is calculated by the current integration method. The calculation formula is shown in the following formula [1].
【0066】 Ah(t)=Ah(0)−Σ(kd・id・△t)+Σ(kr・ir・△t) ……[1] ここで、 Ah(t):時刻tにおける残存容量〔Ah〕 Ah(0):時刻0における残存容量〔Ah〕 Σ(kd・id・△t):時刻0からtまでに使用した
電気量 Σ(kr・ir・△t):時刻0からtまでに充電され
た電気量 kd:放電電流値 id:放電電流係数 ir:充電電流値 kr:充電電流係数:任意に変更可能とする 電流値のサンプリング回数は毎秒5000サンプリング
とし、その5000サンプリングの積分値を1秒毎の電
流値とする。Ah (t) = Ah (0) −Σ (kd · id · Δt) + Σ (kr · ir · Δt) [1] where Ah (t): remaining capacity at time t [ Ah] Ah (0): Remaining capacity at time 0 [Ah] Σ (kd · id · △ t): Electricity used from time 0 to t Σ (kr · ir · △ t): Time 0 to t Kd: Discharge current value id: Discharge current coefficient ir: Charge current value kr: Charge current coefficient: Can be changed arbitrarily The number of times of sampling of the current value is 5000 samplings per second, and the integral value of the 5000 samplings Is a current value every second.
【0067】i.e. I=Σi・△t I:一秒毎の電流値〔A〕 i:電流の瞬時値〔A/S〕 △t:サンプリング間隔(0.2mS) (3)満充電容量及び残存容量の補正強制放電により求
めた内部抵抗率〔Rr〕を基に、その時点の残存容量
〔Ah〕及び満充電容量〔AhF〕を後述の内部抵抗か
ら満充電量及び残存容量を推定する手法により補正す
る。I. e. I = Σi · △ t I: Current value [A] per second i: Instantaneous value of current [A / S] Δt: Sampling interval (0.2 ms) (3) Correction of full charge capacity and remaining capacity Based on the internal resistivity [Rr] obtained by discharging, the remaining capacity [Ah] and the full charge capacity [AhF] at that time are corrected by a method of estimating the full charge amount and the remaining capacity from the internal resistance described later.
【0068】(4)充電時も基本的には電流積算方式に
より計算する。式[2]に充電時の残存容量〔Ah〕の
算出式を示す。(4) The charge is basically calculated by the current integration method. Formula [2] shows a calculation formula of the remaining capacity [Ah] during charging.
【0069】 Ah(t)=Ah(t1 )−Σ(kc・ic・△t) ……[2] ここで、 Ah(t):時刻tにおける残存容量〔Ah〕 Ah(t1 ):時刻t1 における残存容量〔Ah〕 Σ(kc・ic・△t):時刻t1 からtまでに充電し
た電気量 ic:充電電流値 kc:充電電流係数:任意に変更可能とする 但し、充電時に残存容量がその時メータ内部に持ってい
る満充電容量を越えた場合は、残存容量は満充電容量と
同じとする。また、充電時に満充電条件が成立したが、
残存容量がメータ内部に持っている満充電容量に未達の
場合は、その時の残存容量を満充電容量とし、満充電さ
れたものとする。また、充電時に満充電条件が不成立
で、残存容量がその時メータ内部に持っている満充電容
量に未達の場合は、満充電容量は変更せず残存容量もそ
の時点の容量とする。Ah (t) = Ah (t1) −Σ (kc · ic · Δt) (2) where Ah (t): remaining capacity at time t [Ah] Ah (t1): time t1残存 (kc · ic · △ t): Electricity charged from time t1 to t ic: Charging current value kc: Charging current coefficient: arbitrarily changeable If the full charge capacity of the meter is exceeded at that time, the remaining capacity shall be the same as the full charge capacity. Also, the full charge condition was satisfied at the time of charging,
If the remaining capacity does not reach the full charge capacity of the meter, the remaining capacity at that time is regarded as the full charge capacity, and it is assumed that the meter is fully charged. If the full charge condition is not satisfied at the time of charging and the remaining capacity does not reach the full charge capacity of the meter at that time, the full charge capacity is not changed and the remaining capacity is the current capacity.
【0070】自己放電については次のように処理する。
イグニッションキースイッチをoffの状態で放置して
おいた時間を分単位で計測し、その時間に一分間当たり
の自己放電量〔ex.(0.4〜1.0/100)x容
量/24x60A・min.〕を掛けた値を、次回にイ
グニッションキーをonにした時点で残存容量から減じ
る。但し、充電中に自己放電はないものと見なし、イグ
ニッションキースイッチがoffでも自己放電のカウン
トは行わない。The self-discharge is processed as follows.
The time during which the ignition key switch was left in the off state was measured in minutes, and the amount of self-discharge per minute [ex. (0.4 to 1.0 / 100) x capacity / 24 x 60 A min. ] Is subtracted from the remaining capacity the next time the ignition key is turned on. However, it is assumed that there is no self-discharge during charging, and the self-discharge is not counted even if the ignition key switch is off.
【0071】経年劣化は次のようにして処理する。リセ
ットの為満充電にして測定し、ROMデータと対比する
事により推定した最新の電池容量と、起動時測定した内
部抵抗率から導いた電池容量の差として経年劣化量〔k
d(t)〕を算出し、最新の電池容量推定値を新しい満
充電量AhF(t)とする。なお、最新の内部抵抗率
は、ターミナルから入力修正する事が出来る。The aging is handled as follows. Measured after full charge for resetting, the difference between the latest battery capacity estimated by comparing with the ROM data and the battery capacity derived from the internal resistivity measured at startup is the aging deterioration amount [k
d (t)], and the latest estimated battery capacity is taken as the new full charge AhF (t). The latest internal resistivity can be corrected from the terminal.
【0072】放電量の累計は満充電容量が更新された
ら、その時点から放電量の累計を新たに始める。更新さ
れた満充電容量AhF(t)は下記の[3]式により演
算することができる。When the full charge capacity is updated, the total discharge amount is newly started from that point. The updated full charge capacity AhF (t) can be calculated by the following equation [3].
【0073】 AhF(t)=AhF(t−1)−kd ……[3] 上記式において、AhF(t−1)はその前にメータ内
部に持っていた満充電容量であり、kdは経年劣化量で
ある。AhF (t) = AhF (t−1) −kd [3] In the above equation, AhF (t−1) is the full charge capacity held inside the meter before, and kd is the aging It is the amount of deterioration.
【0074】蓄電池交換時期警報は次のようにして発生
する。蓄電池交換時期警報は、満充電容量が経年劣化等
で定格容量の半分以下の状態が連続して10回以上継続
し、あらかじめ設定入力した蓄電池のしきい値以下にな
ったとき発信する。The storage battery replacement time alarm is generated as follows. The storage battery replacement timing alarm is transmitted when the state where the full charge capacity is equal to or less than half of the rated capacity continues for 10 times or more due to aged deterioration or the like and becomes equal to or less than the preset threshold value of the storage battery.
【0075】上記の各種の演算に用いるソフトウエアの
アルゴリズムで用いる各係数を表1に示す。このアルゴ
リズムの基礎となる蓄電池の放電特性は図3に示す通り
である。Table 1 shows each coefficient used in the algorithm of the software used for the above-mentioned various operations. The discharge characteristics of the storage battery on which this algorithm is based are as shown in FIG.
【0076】[0076]
【表1】 次に液面の監視について説明する。[Table 1] Next, monitoring of the liquid level will be described.
【0077】水位検出手段7として電子液面計を用い
る。この電子液面計は、液面のバランスする対向位置に
取り付けたセンサを用いて予め設定した測定回数の測定
を行い、総露出回数により液位置を判定する。判定は下
記で行う。An electronic liquid level gauge is used as the water level detecting means 7. The electronic liquid level meter measures the number of times of measurement set in advance using a sensor attached to an opposing position where the liquid level is balanced, and determines the liquid position based on the total number of exposures. The judgment is made as follows.
【0078】 Σe(t)・S>K 露出 Σe(t)・S≦K 液中 センサの数 S 測定時間 t 測定回数 NT 露出回数 e 総露出回数 Σe(t) 判定回数 K 次に、強制放電による内部抵抗測定から蓄電池の満充電
容量及び残存容量を推定する方法について説明する。以
下(1)〜(5)に手順を説明する。Σe (t) · S> K exposure Σe (t) · S ≦ K Number of sensors in liquid S Measurement time t Measurement times NT Exposure times e Total exposure times Σe (t) Judgment times K Next, forced discharge A method for estimating the full charge capacity and the remaining capacity of the storage battery from the measurement of the internal resistance will be described. The procedure is described below in (1) to (5).
【0079】(1)満充電完了直後に瞬時強制放電を1
0回行い、その平均値の内部抵抗を基準内部抵抗値R0
とする。(瞬時強制放電を10回の所要時間は200m
s) (2)無負荷停止(蓄電池電流0〜0.5A以内が2秒
以上継続した場合)を確認した後、10回を1サンプル
として瞬時強制放電を一回だけ実施し、その平均値から
蓄電池内部抵抗率を求める。(1) Immediately after the completion of full charge, instantaneous forced discharge is
0 times, and the average value of the internal resistance is set to the reference internal resistance value R0.
And (The time required for 10 instantaneous forced discharges is 200 m
s) (2) After confirming no-load stop (when the battery current is within 0 to 0.5 A for 2 seconds or more), instantaneous forced discharge is performed only once, with 10 times as one sample. Determine the internal resistance of the storage battery.
【0080】(3)この時、内部抵抗率〔Rr〕が1.
2%以上になったら、予め実験で求めておいた内部抵抗
率と満充電容量に対するその時点までの放電量の割合α
(以下、放電率という)の関係を示す放電率テーブル
(図3)を参照し、放電率αtを求める。なお、内部抵
抗率〔Rr〕が1.2%以下の時は、満充電容量AhF
(t)、残存容量Ah(t)ともその都度の補正は行わ
ないが、一定期間毎に行う内部抵抗測定に対応して満充
電容量リセットとは別に残容量を補正する。(3) At this time, when the internal resistivity [Rr] is 1.
When it becomes 2% or more, the ratio α of the discharge amount up to that point with respect to the internal resistivity and the full charge capacity determined in advance by experiments.
The discharge rate αt is obtained with reference to a discharge rate table (FIG. 3) showing the relationship (hereinafter referred to as a discharge rate). When the internal resistivity [Rr] is 1.2% or less, the full charge capacity AhF
(T) The remaining capacity Ah (t) is not corrected each time, but the remaining capacity is corrected separately from the full charge capacity reset in response to the internal resistance measurement performed at regular intervals.
【0081】(4)この放電率αtを基に、以下の
(イ)及び(ロ)に示す通り満充電容量と残存容量を補
正する。(4) Based on the discharge rate αt, the full charge capacity and the remaining capacity are corrected as shown in (a) and (b) below.
【0082】(イ)満充電容量の推定方法 満充電容量をAhF(t)として、以下にその算出式を
示す。(A) Method of Estimating Full Charge Capacity Assuming that the full charge capacity is AhF (t), the calculation formula is shown below.
【0083】AhF(t)=Σid(t)/αt ここで、 Σid(t):その時(時刻t)までに放電した放電量 αt :放電率である。AhF (t) = Σid (t) / αt Here, Σid (t): discharge amount discharged up to that time (time t) αt: discharge rate.
【0084】(ロ)残存容量の推定方法残存容量をAh
(t)として、以下にその算出式を示す。(B) Estimation method of remaining capacity
The calculation formula is shown below as (t).
【0085】 Ah(t)=(満充電容量)−(その時までに放電した放電量) =AhF(t)−Σid(t) =(1/αt)Σid(t)−Σid(t) ={(1−αt)/αt}Σid(t) (ハ)リセット−ゼロ調整 蓄電池が満充電条件を満足すると内部抵抗を測定しメー
タをリセットする。停車時、メータリセット表示信号は
運転者にアイドリング継続要求信号で許可を要請し、満
充電になるまでアイドリングを継続して満充電条件を満
足させ内部抵抗を測定しメータをリセットする。Ah (t) = (full charge capacity) − (discharge amount discharged up to that time) = AhF (t) −Σid (t) = (1 / αt) Σid (t) −Σid (t) = { (1-αt) / αt} Σid (t) (c) Reset-zero adjustment When the storage battery satisfies the full charge condition, the internal resistance is measured and the meter is reset. When the vehicle is stopped, the meter reset display signal requests the driver for permission by an idling continuation request signal, continues idling until the vehicle is fully charged, satisfies the full charge condition, measures the internal resistance, and resets the meter.
【0086】上記の実施の形態によれば、蓄電池監視装
置8に組み込んだICと車載コンピュータを対話させな
がら正確な電源管理を行い、温度と過放電監視が行え、
自動冷却が可能となり、プロテクターで過剰負荷よりバ
ッテリを保護する事により、スタータモータの始動を確
実に保証できる。更に、補水タイミングを運転席に表示
して、下限ラインをキープする事により、万一の爆発事
故を予防出来る。また蓄電池の履歴を記録することで、
確実な蓄電池のメンテナンスが容易に行える様になり、
適切な交換時期の判断・アドバイスも可能になる。以上
の通り走行中でも残存容量を高精度で表示する事ができ
るので、運転者は安心して走行でき、且つ、電池容量い
っぱいまで運転でき、利用効率の向上が図れる。この
他、既存の自動車用LANと共通の信号処理方法を取る
ことで、車載コンピュータの指示で各種のアクチュエー
タを駆動して一括制御することが可能になる。例えば、
盗難防止,A/T車のアイドリングストップ(エンジン
のこまめスイッチング),ライトの自動点滅(トンネル
・交差点),冷暖房予約や暖気運転,待ち受け消費電力
対策(ex.スリープ機能)が可能となる。According to the above-described embodiment, accurate power management is performed while allowing the IC incorporated in the storage battery monitoring device 8 and the on-board computer to interact, and the temperature and overdischarge can be monitored.
Automatic cooling is possible, and the starter motor can be reliably started by protecting the battery from overload with the protector. Further, by displaying the water refill timing on the driver's seat and keeping the lower limit line, an accidental explosion can be prevented. Also, by recording the history of the storage battery,
Reliable battery maintenance can be performed easily,
Judgment and advice on appropriate replacement time can be made. As described above, the remaining capacity can be displayed with high accuracy even during traveling, so that the driver can travel with peace of mind, can operate up to the full battery capacity, and improve utilization efficiency. In addition, by adopting a signal processing method common to that of the existing automotive LAN, it becomes possible to drive various actuators in accordance with instructions from the on-board computer and perform collective control. For example,
Anti-theft, idling stop of A / T car (frequent switching of engine), automatic blinking of lights (tunnel / intersection), air-conditioning reservation, warm-up operation, standby power consumption countermeasures (ex. Sleep function) are possible.
【0087】また、水位検出手段7の出力により、車載
メータまたはNAVI等の運転席表示装置に水位の状態
及び警報を表示することができる。表示用出力信号はC
ANプロトコルに準拠、既設の車載メータパネルやNA
VI画面等に表示できる。Further, the output of the water level detecting means 7 can display the water level status and the alarm on the driver's seat display device such as a vehicle-mounted meter or NAVI. The output signal for display is C
Compliant with AN protocol, existing onboard meter panel and NA
It can be displayed on a VI screen or the like.
【0088】更に温度検出手段6の出力により蓄電池1
に取り付けた自動冷却装置(ファンor水冷)を駆動し
てもよい。また車の車速信号や,車室設置の光センサに
対応して、エンジンのこまめスイッチングやライトの自
動点滅を行ってもよい。Further, according to the output of the temperature detecting means 6, the battery 1
May be driven by an automatic cooling device (fan or water cooling) attached to the device. In addition, frequent switching of the engine and automatic blinking of the light may be performed in accordance with the vehicle speed signal and the optical sensor installed in the vehicle compartment.
【0089】この監視装置8は、蓄電池1が車搭載後、
初めての放電でタイマの起動監視を開始し以後の履歴を
記録する。電源管理は蓄電池の電流、電圧、温度及び電
池内部抵抗(強制放電時の電圧変化量及び電流変化量か
ら算出)を計測し、デジタルデータ処理して蓄電池容量
を算出する方法で行う。The monitoring device 8 operates after the storage battery 1 is mounted on the vehicle.
Start monitoring of the timer is started at the first discharge, and the subsequent history is recorded. The power management is performed by measuring the current, voltage, temperature, and internal resistance of the battery (calculated from the amount of voltage change and the amount of current change during forced discharge) and processing digital data to calculate the capacity of the battery.
【0090】[0090]
【発明の効果】本発明によれば、蓄電池の放電量と充電
量とを演算し、その演算結果から蓄電池の残り容量を演
算し、演算により求めた残り容量が予め定めた値より小
さくなったときに、蓄電池から電動始動装置以外の負荷
への電力の供給を遮断するので、負荷状態、周囲の温度
環境等の影響を大きく受けることなく、従来よりも高い
精度で蓄電池が過放電状態になるのを防止できる。また
蓄電池の内部抵抗に基いて、蓄電池の劣化状態を判定し
て、その結果から満充電状態における蓄電池の容量を補
正すると、蓄電池の劣化の影響を大きく受けることな
く、従来よりも高い精度で蓄電池が過放電状態になるの
を防止できる。According to the present invention, the amount of discharge and the amount of charge of the storage battery are calculated, the remaining capacity of the storage battery is calculated from the calculation result, and the remaining capacity obtained by the calculation is smaller than a predetermined value. Sometimes, the supply of power from the storage battery to a load other than the electric starter is shut off, so that the storage battery is overdischarged with higher accuracy than before without being greatly affected by the load state, the surrounding temperature environment, and the like. Can be prevented. In addition, when the state of deterioration of the storage battery is determined based on the internal resistance of the storage battery, and the capacity of the storage battery in the fully charged state is corrected based on the result, the storage battery is not affected by the deterioration of the storage battery greatly and has a higher accuracy than before. Can be prevented from being over-discharged.
【0091】内部抵抗を測定する際に、蓄電池と負荷と
の電気的な接続を遮断しておけば、内部抵抗を測定する
際に、負荷の影響を断ち切ることができるので、内部抵
抗の測定精度が上がり、その結果蓄電池の状態の判定精
度が高くなる。If the electrical connection between the storage battery and the load is cut off when measuring the internal resistance, the influence of the load can be cut off when measuring the internal resistance. As a result, the accuracy of determining the state of the storage battery is increased.
【図1】本発明の実施の形態の一例の構成を示すブロッ
ク図である。FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an example of an embodiment of the present invention.
【図2】蓄電池の負荷回路を示す回路図である。FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing a load circuit of a storage battery.
【図3】蓄電池の内部抵抗率と放電率との関係の一例を
示す図である。FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a relationship between an internal resistivity and a discharge rate of a storage battery.
【図4】(A)は、図1のスイッチ手段を内蔵する蓄電
池監視装置をユニットにした場合の外観斜視図であり、
(B)は図1(A)の蓄電池監視装置を蓄電池に実装し
た状態を示す斜視図である。FIG. 4A is an external perspective view in the case where a storage battery monitoring device incorporating the switch unit of FIG. 1 is formed as a unit;
FIG. 2B is a perspective view showing a state where the storage battery monitoring device of FIG. 1A is mounted on a storage battery.
【図5】図1の構成をマイクロコンピュータを用いて実
現する場合の主要部のハード構成を示す回路図である。FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram showing a hardware configuration of a main part when the configuration of FIG. 1 is realized using a microcomputer.
1 蓄電池 2 スイッチ手段 3 負荷 4 電圧検出手段 5 電流検出手段 6 温度検出手段 7 水位検出手段 8 蓄電池監視装置 9 充放電量演算手段 10 残り容量判定手段 11 残り容量判定手段 12 内部抵抗測定手段 13 劣化状態判定手段 14 水位判定手段 15 使用状況履歴記憶手段 16 蓄電池交換時期判定手段 17 シリアル伝送装置 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Storage battery 2 Switching means 3 Load 4 Voltage detection means 5 Current detection means 6 Temperature detection means 7 Water level detection means 8 Storage battery monitoring device 9 Charge / discharge amount calculation means 10 Remaining capacity judgment means 11 Remaining capacity judgment means 12 Internal resistance measurement means 13 Deterioration State determination means 14 Water level determination means 15 Usage history storage means 16 Storage battery replacement time determination means 17 Serial transmission device
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.7 識別記号 FI テーマコート゛(参考) H01M 10/48 H01M 10/48 P H02J 7/00 H02J 7/00 M // B60R 16/02 670 B60R 16/02 670P (72)発明者 飯塚 紀夫 東京都台東区台東2丁目27番7号 日立バ ッテリー販売サービス株式会社内 (72)発明者 森本 佳成 東京都中央区日本橋本町2丁目8番7号 新神戸電機株式会社内 Fターム(参考) 2G016 CA03 CB05 CB06 CB12 CB22 CB32 CC01 CC16 CC27 CC28 CD14 3D035 BA01 5G003 AA07 BA01 CA01 CA11 CB01 DA04 DA13 EA05 EA07 GC05 5H030 AA04 AS08 BB21 BB27 DD20 FF01 FF41 FF51 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. 7 Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) H01M 10/48 H01M 10/48 P H02J 7/00 H02J 7/00 M // B60R 16/02 670 B60R 16 / 02 670P (72) Inventor Norio Iizuka 2-27-7 Taito, Taito-ku, Tokyo Inside Hitachi Battery Sales Service Co., Ltd. (72) Yoshinari Morimoto 2-8-7 Nihonbashi Honcho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo Shin-Kobe F-term (reference) in Denki Co., Ltd.
Claims (9)
ータ等の電動始動装置の電源として用いられる蓄電池の
残り容量が、前記電動始動装置を少なくとも1回以上駆
動するために必要な容量よりも少なくなると、前記蓄電
池から負荷への電力の供給を遮断して、前記蓄電池が過
放電状態になるのを防止する方法であって、 前記蓄電池の放電量と充電量とを演算し、その演算結果
から前記蓄電池の前記残り容量を演算し、演算により求
めた前記残り容量が予め定めた値より小さくなったとき
に、前記蓄電池から前記負荷への電力の供給を遮断する
ことを特徴とする蓄電池の過放電防止方法。When the remaining capacity of a storage battery used as a power source of an electric starter such as a starter motor for starting an internal combustion engine becomes smaller than a capacity required for driving the electric starter at least once or more. A method of interrupting the supply of power from the storage battery to a load to prevent the storage battery from being over-discharged, wherein a discharge amount and a charge amount of the storage battery are calculated, and from the calculation result, Calculating the remaining capacity of the storage battery and, when the remaining capacity obtained by the calculation becomes smaller than a predetermined value, interrupting the supply of power from the storage battery to the load; overdischarging the storage battery. Prevention method.
数になったときに、満充電状態における前記蓄電池の内
部抵抗を測定し、前記内部抵抗に基いて前記蓄電池の劣
化状態を判定し、その判定結果に基いて満充電状態にお
ける前記蓄電池の容量を補正することを特徴とする請求
項1に記載の蓄電池の過放電防止方法。2. When the number of charging / discharging of the storage battery reaches a predetermined number, the internal resistance of the storage battery in a fully charged state is measured, and a deterioration state of the storage battery is determined based on the internal resistance. The method according to claim 1, wherein the capacity of the storage battery in a fully charged state is corrected based on the determination result.
電池と前記負荷との電気的な接続を遮断しておくことを
特徴とする請求項2に記載の蓄電池の過放電防止方法。3. The over-discharge prevention method for a storage battery according to claim 2, wherein when the internal resistance is measured, the electrical connection between the storage battery and the load is cut off.
ータ等の電動始動装置の電源として用いられる蓄電池の
状態を監視し、前記蓄電池の残り容量が前記電動始動装
置を少なくとも1回以上駆動するために必要な容量より
も少なくなったことを検出すると警報信号を出力する蓄
電池監視装置と、 前記蓄電池監視装置が前記警報信号を出力したときに、
前記蓄電池から負荷への電力の供給を遮断するスイッチ
手段とを具備する蓄電池の過放電防止装置であって、 前記蓄電池監視装置は、前記蓄電池の放電量と充電量と
を演算する充放電量演算手段と、前記充放電量演算手段
の演算結果から前記蓄電池の前記残り容量を演算する残
り容量演算手段と、前記残り容量演算手段により求めた
前記残り容量が予め定めた値より小さくなったときに前
記警報信号を出力する残り容量判定手段とを備えている
ことを特徴とする蓄電池の過放電防止装置。4. The state of a storage battery used as a power source of an electric starter such as a starter motor for starting an internal combustion engine is monitored, and the remaining capacity of the storage battery drives the electric starter at least once. A storage battery monitoring device that outputs an alarm signal when it detects that the required capacity is less than the required capacity, and when the storage battery monitoring device outputs the alarm signal,
An overdischarge prevention device for a storage battery, comprising: switch means for interrupting supply of power from the storage battery to a load, wherein the storage battery monitoring device calculates a charge and discharge amount for calculating a discharge amount and a charge amount of the storage battery. Means, a remaining capacity calculating means for calculating the remaining capacity of the storage battery from the calculation result of the charge / discharge amount calculating means, and when the remaining capacity obtained by the remaining capacity calculating means becomes smaller than a predetermined value. An overdischarge prevention device for a storage battery, comprising: a remaining capacity determination unit that outputs the alarm signal.
放電回数が予め定めた回数になったときに、満充電状態
における前記蓄電池の内部抵抗を測定する内部抵抗測定
手段と、前記内部抵抗測定手段により測定した前記内部
抵抗に基いて前記蓄電池の劣化状態を判定する劣化状態
判定手段とを更に具備し、 前記残り容量演算手段は、前記劣化状態判定手段の判定
結果に基いて満充電状態における前記蓄電池の容量を補
正して、前記蓄電池の前記残り容量を演算するように構
成されている請求項4に記載の蓄電池の過放電防止装
置。5. The storage battery monitoring device includes: an internal resistance measuring unit that measures an internal resistance of the storage battery in a fully charged state when the number of times of charging and discharging of the storage battery reaches a predetermined number; Deterioration state determination means for determining a deterioration state of the storage battery based on the internal resistance measured by the means, wherein the remaining capacity calculation means is in a fully charged state based on the determination result of the deterioration state determination means. The storage battery over-discharge prevention device according to claim 4, wherein the capacity of the storage battery is corrected to calculate the remaining capacity of the storage battery.
段が前記内部抵抗を測定する際には、前記警報信号を出
力して前記スイッチ手段を遮断状態にするように構成さ
れている請求項5に記載の蓄電池の過放電防止装置。6. The storage battery monitoring device according to claim 5, wherein when the internal resistance measuring unit measures the internal resistance, the storage battery monitoring device outputs the alarm signal to turn off the switch unit. 2. The storage battery overdischarge prevention device according to claim 1.
池使用状況を検出する使用状況検出手段と、前記使用状
況検出手段の検出結果を履歴として記憶する使用状況履
歴記憶手段とを備えていることを特徴とする蓄電池の監
視装置。7. A storage device comprising: a use state detecting means for detecting a use state of a battery such as a discharge electricity amount and a charge electric amount of a storage battery; and a use state history storage means for storing a detection result of the use state detection means as history. A storage battery monitoring device.
いる前記履歴から前記蓄電池の交換時期を判定し、交換
時期に達したことを判定すると蓄電池交換警報信号を出
力する蓄電池交換時期判定手段を更に備えている請求項
7に記載の蓄電池の監視装置。8. A storage battery replacement time determining means for determining a replacement time of the storage battery from the history stored in the usage history storage means and outputting a storage battery replacement warning signal when it is determined that the replacement time has been reached. The storage battery monitoring device according to claim 7, further comprising:
装置であって、 前記蓄電池の電解液の水位を検出する水位検出手段と、
前記水位検出手段で検出した前記水位が繰り返し予め定
めたレベル以下になると電解液補充警報信号を出力する
水位判定手段を備えていることを特徴とする蓄電池の監
視装置。9. A monitoring device for a storage battery that requires replenishment of an electrolyte, comprising: a water level detection means for detecting a water level of the electrolyte of the storage battery;
A storage battery monitoring device, comprising: a water level determination means for outputting an electrolyte replenishment alarm signal when the water level detected by the water level detection means repeatedly falls below a predetermined level.
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