FR2903135A1 - Ladder type shoring tower, has ladder frames and balustrade frames connected together by integration plates, and level fixed on horizontal/vertical bars of ladders, where horizontal bars are spaced of specific centimeters from each other - Google Patents
Ladder type shoring tower, has ladder frames and balustrade frames connected together by integration plates, and level fixed on horizontal/vertical bars of ladders, where horizontal bars are spaced of specific centimeters from each other Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2903135A1 FR2903135A1 FR0605940A FR0605940A FR2903135A1 FR 2903135 A1 FR2903135 A1 FR 2903135A1 FR 0605940 A FR0605940 A FR 0605940A FR 0605940 A FR0605940 A FR 0605940A FR 2903135 A1 FR2903135 A1 FR 2903135A1
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- tower
- frames
- horizontal
- railing
- ladder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G1/00—Scaffolds primarily resting on the ground
- E04G1/14—Comprising essentially pre-assembled two-dimensional frame-like elements, e.g. of rods in L- or H-shape, with or without bracing
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G1/00—Scaffolds primarily resting on the ground
- E04G1/18—Scaffolds primarily resting on the ground adjustable in height
- E04G1/20—Scaffolds comprising upright members and provision for supporting cross-members or platforms at different positions therealong
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
- E04G11/36—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for floors, ceilings, or roofs of plane or curved surfaces end formpanels for floor shutterings
- E04G11/48—Supporting structures for shutterings or frames for floors or roofs
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
- E04G11/36—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for floors, ceilings, or roofs of plane or curved surfaces end formpanels for floor shutterings
- E04G11/48—Supporting structures for shutterings or frames for floors or roofs
- E04G11/483—Supporting heads
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G5/00—Component parts or accessories for scaffolds
- E04G5/14—Railings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G1/00—Scaffolds primarily resting on the ground
- E04G1/15—Scaffolds primarily resting on the ground essentially comprising special means for supporting or forming platforms; Platforms
- E04G2001/155—Platforms with an access hatch for getting through from one level to another
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G1/00—Scaffolds primarily resting on the ground
- E04G1/28—Scaffolds primarily resting on the ground designed to provide support only at a low height
- E04G1/30—Ladder scaffolds
- E04G2001/302—Ladder scaffolds with ladders supporting the platform
- E04G2001/305—The ladders being vertical and perpendicular to the platform
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Ladders (AREA)
Abstract
Description
1 La présente invention est relative aux tours d'étaiement. II existe deThe present invention relates to shoring towers. There are
nombreux types de tours d'étaiement dont le plus répandu est le type "échelle" ; celui-ci est constitué de cadre-échelles métalliques comportant deux montants tubulaires verticaux reliés par des barres horizontales espacées d'environ 50 centimètres. Ces cadres appelés "cadres échelles " sont placés face à face et reliés par des barres horizontales et/ou obliques qui les maintiennent lo verticaux et parallèles. On empile le nombre suffisant de cadres " échelle " pour atteindre la hauteur désirée. Pour ajuster la hauteur et compenser les inégalités du sol on place sous les montants tubulaires des cadres inférieurs, 15 des vérins de réglage à vis. On place souvent également des vérins à vis en tête de la tour pour ajuster le plan de pose de la charge supportée (par exemple un coffrage de dalle). 20 Pour le déplacement de la tour à la grue, on relie entre eux deux cadres superposés au moyen d'une double broche qui traverse les montants verticaux des cadre-échelles superposés via des trous prévus à cet effet. Cette opération est reproduite à chaque connexion afin de rendre 25 l'ensemble des éléments de la structure solidaires. 2903135 2 Pour que le personnel puisse travailler en hauteur en toute sécurité on installe des plateformes qui reposent en général sur les barreaux de l'échelle à la hauteur désirée et on pose des garde-corps pour prévenir la chute du personnel. On installe également souvent des échelles à l'intérieur de la tour pour que l'on puisse accéder plus facilement aux plateformes qui, dans ce cas sont munies de trappes avec panneau de fermeture sécurisé. many types of shoring towers, the most common of which is the ladder type; it consists of metal frame-scales comprising two vertical tubular uprights connected by horizontal bars spaced about 50 centimeters. These frames called "ladder frames" are placed face to face and connected by horizontal and / or oblique bars that keep them vertical and parallel. The number of "ladder" frames is stacked to reach the desired height. In order to adjust the height and to compensate for the unevenness of the floor, under the tubular uprights are placed lower frames, screw adjustment cylinders. Screw jacks are also often placed at the top of the tower to adjust the laying plane of the supported load (eg slab formwork). To move the tower to the crane, two superposed frames are connected by means of a double spindle which passes through the vertical uprights of the superposed frame-ladders via holes provided for this purpose. This operation is reproduced at each connection in order to render all the elements of the structure integral. 2903135 2 So that staff can safely work at heights, platforms are installed which are usually resting on the ladder rungs at the desired height and guardrails are installed to prevent staff from falling. Ladders are also often installed inside the tower so that the platforms can be accessed more easily, which in this case are equipped with hatches with a secure closing panel.
Ces tours qui sont encombrantes ne sont pas stockées en l'état, on les démonte pour les transporter et les stocker sous le minimum de place. Ces opérations de montage et démontage sont longues et onéreuses et de plus il est fréquent qu'après démontage on perde de petites pièces (boulons, colliers, clavettes, attaches cadres, etc.). Des tours de ce type sont de ce fait particulièrement appréciées lorsqu'elles comportent peu de pièces, et même si possible aucune petite pièce perdable, et lorsque leur montage et leur démontage sont faciles et rapides. Les éléments constituant la tour doivent être le plus léger possible en respectant les épaisseurs de matière 25 compatibles avec la descente de charge. These bulky towers are not stored as they are, they are dismantled for transport and storage under minimal space. These assembly and disassembly operations are long and expensive and moreover it is frequent that after disassembly is lost small parts (bolts, necklaces, keys, fasteners frames, etc.). Tours of this type are therefore particularly appreciated when they have few parts, and even if possible no small piece perdable, and when their assembly and disassembly are easy and fast. The elements constituting the tower must be as light as possible while respecting the thicknesses of material compatible with the descent of the load.
5 2903135 3 Il est, par ailleurs indispensable tue le montage et le remontage de la tour puissent être faits avec un maximum de rapidité.5 2903135 3 It is also essential that the assembly and reassembly of the tower can be done with maximum speed.
5 La présente invention vise à satisfaire le plus possible à ces différentes conditions. La figure 1 représente à titre d'exemple, en perspective, une tour à quatre pieds et deux niveaux, il est évidemment 10 possible de superposer un plus grand nombre de niveaux pour atteindre la hauteur désirée. Elle comporte : • Quatre vérins de pied à vis • Deux garde-corps de base 15 Deux cadres échelle de base • Deux garde-corps courants • Deux cadres échelle courants • Quatre vérins de tête • Deux demi plateaux triangulaires 20 La figure 2 représente un garde-corps de base. Il comporte : • Deux montants (1) percés de deux trous. 2903135 4 • Une traverse (2) échancrée (3) et percée de 4 trous (4). • Deux platines (5) percées chacune de 6 trous (6) et surmontées chacune d'un tube (7) comportant une échancrure (8). • Deux jambes de force (9). • Deux verrous (10). • Eventuellement un niveau intégré (11) fixé sur une ou plusieurs barres horizontales ou verticales. • Deux anneaux de levage (12), qui servent également au positionnement des échelles et facilitent ainsi leur interconnexion lors du montage de celles-ci.The present invention aims to satisfy as much as possible these different conditions. Figure 1 shows by way of example, in perspective, a tower with four legs and two levels, it is obviously possible to superpose a greater number of levels to reach the desired height. It includes: • Four screw jacks • Two basic guardrails 15 Two base ladder frames • Two common guardrails • Two common ladder frames • Four head cylinders • Two half-triangular trays 20 Figure 2 shows a basic railing. It comprises: • Two uprights (1) pierced with two holes. 2903135 4 • A crossbar (2) notched (3) and pierced with 4 holes (4). • Two plates (5) each pierced with 6 holes (6) and each surmounted by a tube (7) having a notch (8). • Two struts (9). • Two locks (10). • Possibly an integrated level (11) fixed on one or more horizontal or vertical bars. • Two lifting rings (12), which also serve for the positioning of the ladders and thus facilitate their interconnection during the assembly of the ladders.
15 La figure 3 représente une platine du garde-corps de base. On y distingue : • Une platine de base (5) percée de 6 trous (6). 20 • Un tube (7) soudé sur cette platine de base. Le montant vertical de l'échelle s'emboîte dans ce dernier. Ce tube comporte une échancrure (8) pour le passage du barreau inférieur de l'échelle, ce qui assure l'orthogonalité des deux plans : le plan des échelles et le plan des garde-corps.Figure 3 shows a base railing plate. We distinguish: • A base plate (5) pierced with 6 holes (6). • A tube (7) welded to this base plate. The vertical amount of the ladder fits into the latter. This tube has a notch (8) for the passage of the lower bar of the scale, which ensures the orthogonality of the two planes: the scale plan and the railing plan.
5 10 2903135 5 La figure 4 représente un garde-corps courant. Il comporte : • Deux montants (13) percés de deux trous. • Une traverse (14) comportant une 5 échancrure (15) et percée de 4 trous (16). • Deux diagonales (17). • Deux verrous (10). • Eventuellement un ou plusieurs niveaux intégrés (11). lo Deux anneaux de levage (12), qui servent également au positionnement des échelles lors du montage de celles-ci. • Deux platines de solidarisation (19) 15 La figure 5 représente en détail (éclaté) le verrou (10) installé sur les deux types de garde-corps (fig.3 et fig.4). Cette figure met en évidence : • Une broche (18). 20 • Une plaque de guidage (20) • Une goupille de fixation (21) 2903135 6 La figure 6 représente un vérin à fourche avec sa platine de solidarisation (22). Cette figure montre : 5 Un vérin-fourche . • Une platine de solidarisation (22) • La vis du vérin (23) La figure 7 représente une platine de verrouillage du vérin 10 à fourche. On y distingue : • La platine de solidarisation (22) percée d'un trou (24) au travers duquel passe la vis (23).Cette platine est munie d'un embout de 15 connexion (25) percé, pour son verrouillage, d'un trou (26). La figure 8 représente un plancher de travail triangulaire. Elle est constituée de : 20 • Un cadre tubulaire (27) • Trois crochets verticaux (28) • Un crochet horizontal (29) • Un platelage (30) • Un système d'anti-soulèvement (31) 2903135 7 La figure 9 représente un plateau droit à ouverture latérale. II est constitué de : • Un cadre tubulaire 5 • Une jambe de force (33) • Une trappe (32) • Quatre crochets 10 Les particularités de la tour suivant l'invention sont les suivantes : 1-la structure est basée sur l'utilisation de platines d'assemblage à double emboîtement assurant la 15 continuité verticale des axes de descente de charge et des axes des montants des garde-corps. 2-les cadres échelle de base et les garde-corps de base sont automatiquement perpendiculaires entre eux 20 grâce à une encoche aménagée dans les fourreaux des platines du garde-corps réceptionnant le cadre-échelle; le premier barreau des cadre-échelles vient se caler dans ces encoches. 5 10 15 20 2903135 8 3-les traverses supérieures des garde-corps ont deux verrous intégrés ; ces verrous permettent de solidariser simultanément le garde-corps, le cadre-échelle de même niveau et le garde-corps du niveau immédiatement supérieur. 4-les vérins de base sont solidarisés à la tour par une fixation qui une fois insérée dans un trou de la platine du garde-corps de base rend l'ensemble solidaire. 5-l'utilisation de demi planchers triangulaires, qui empêche la déformation horizontale de la structure. 6-la structure d'étaiement comporte un certain nombre de niveaux intégrés facilitant les réglages d'aplomb. Le montage de la tour se fait de la façon suivante: 1) On pose verticalement sur le sol un garde-corps de base. 2) On pose parallèlement, à une distance d'environ 1,20 m, un deuxième garde-corps de base. 5 10 15 20 25 2903135 9 3) On introduit simultanément les deux extrémités basses d'un cadre échelle de base respectivement dans les deux fourreaux des platines des garde-corps de base. 4) On répète cette dernière opération à l'opposé pour un deuxième cadre-échelle de base. 5) On superpose un premier garde-corps courant sur un garde-corps de base, celui-ci s'emboîte grâce au double embout connecteur qu'il possède à chacune de ses extrémités. Ceci fait, on verrouille simultanément le garde-corps de base, le cadre échelle de base et le garde corps courant en faisant coulisser le doigt du verrou au travers des trous pratiqués à cet effet dans les trois éléments. 6) On superpose un deuxième garde-corps courant et on effectue à nouveau l'opération de verrouillage. 7) On superpose un premier cadre échelle standard en emboîtant respectivement les extrémités basses des montants sur les embouts de connexion de section rectangulaire des platines du garde-corps courant. 5 10 2903135 10 8) On répète cette opération pour le deuxième cadre échelle standard. 9) On positionne les quatre vérins à fourche en emboîtant les parties filetées dans les montants des cadres échelles standard et en introduisant les embouts de connexion des platines de sécurité des vérins à fourche dans l'extrémité supérieure des montants des garde-corps courant.Figure 4 shows a common railing. It comprises: • Two uprights (13) pierced with two holes. • A crossbar (14) having a notch (15) and pierced with 4 holes (16). • Two diagonals (17). • Two locks (10). • Possibly one or more integrated levels (11). lo Two lifting rings (12), which are also used for positioning the ladders when mounting them. • Two fastening plates (19) Figure 5 shows in detail (exploded) the lock (10) installed on the two types of guardrails (fig.3 and fig.4). This figure highlights: • A pin (18). 20 • A guide plate (20) • A fixing pin (21). FIG. 6 shows a fork jack with its locking plate (22). This figure shows: A fork jack. • A fixing plate (22) • The screw of the cylinder (23) Figure 7 shows a locking plate of the jack 10 with fork. There are: • The fixing plate (22) pierced with a hole (24) through which the screw (23) passes. This plate is provided with a pierced connection piece (25), for its locking, a hole (26). Figure 8 shows a triangular work floor. It consists of: 20 • A tubular frame (27) • Three vertical hooks (28) • A horizontal hook (29) • A decking (30) • An anti-lift system (31) 2903135 7 Figure 9 represents a straight tray with lateral opening. It consists of: • A tubular frame 5 • A strut (33) • A hatch (32) • Four hooks 10 The particularities of the tower according to the invention are the following: 1-the structure is based on the use of double interlocking mounting plates ensuring the vertical continuity of the load lowering axes and guardrail posts axes. 2-basic ladder frames and basic railing are automatically perpendicular to each other 20 through a notch arranged in the sleeves of the decks of the railing receiving the frame-scale; the first bar of the frame-scales comes to wedge in these notches. The upper rails of the railings have two integrated locks; these locks make it possible to simultaneously secure the railing, the frame-ladder of the same level and the guardrail of the next higher level. 4-the base cylinders are secured to the tower by a fastener that once inserted into a hole in the plate of the railing base makes the whole solidarity. 5-the use of triangular half floors, which prevents the horizontal deformation of the structure. 6-The shoring structure has a number of integrated levels facilitating the plumb settings. The assembly of the tower is as follows: 1) A basic guardrail is placed vertically on the ground. 2) A second base railing is laid parallel to a distance of about 1.20 m. 3) The two lower ends of a basic ladder frame are introduced simultaneously into the two sleeves of the base railing plates respectively. 4) This last operation is repeated on the opposite side for a second basic scale-frame. 5) One superimposed a first railing running on a basic railing, it fits through the double connector connector that has at each of its ends. This done, one simultaneously locks the base railing, the base ladder frame and the current railing by sliding the finger of the lock through the holes made for this purpose in the three elements. 6) A second guard rail is superimposed and the locking operation is carried out again. 7) A first standard scale frame is superposed by respectively fitting the lower ends of the uprights to the rectangular section connection endpieces of the plates of the current railing. 8) This operation is repeated for the second standard scale frame. 9) The four fork cylinders are positioned by fitting the threaded parts into the uprights of the standard ladder frames and by inserting the connecting pieces of the safety plates of the fork cylinders into the upper end of the uprights of the current railings.
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0605940A FR2903135B1 (en) | 2006-06-30 | 2006-06-30 | TOWER BUILDING |
PCT/FR2007/051577 WO2008020138A1 (en) | 2006-06-30 | 2007-07-02 | Shoring tower |
EP07823533.0A EP2044273B1 (en) | 2006-06-30 | 2007-07-02 | Shoring tower |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0605940A FR2903135B1 (en) | 2006-06-30 | 2006-06-30 | TOWER BUILDING |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
FR2903135A1 true FR2903135A1 (en) | 2008-01-04 |
FR2903135B1 FR2903135B1 (en) | 2015-02-27 |
Family
ID=38846800
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
FR0605940A Expired - Fee Related FR2903135B1 (en) | 2006-06-30 | 2006-06-30 | TOWER BUILDING |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2044273B1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2903135B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008020138A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR3005085A1 (en) * | 2013-04-30 | 2014-10-31 | Godon Sas | TILT END END ELEMENT HAVING A HANDLE AND A SUPPORT MEMBER |
FR3005086A1 (en) * | 2013-04-30 | 2014-10-31 | Godon Sas | CONNECTION CONNECTION FOR TILT |
ES2597236A1 (en) * | 2015-07-15 | 2017-01-17 | Sistemas Técnicos De Encofrados, S.A. | Beam support strut for concrete formwork (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
CN107950191A (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2018-04-24 | 三峡大学 | The aerial device that portable extension type folds |
US10711428B2 (en) * | 2015-09-16 | 2020-07-14 | China Construction Steel Structure Corp. Ltd. | Supporting device and method for calculating jacking force thereof |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2959260B1 (en) * | 2010-04-23 | 2012-05-18 | Trium Invest | TURNING TOWER |
FR2959261B1 (en) * | 2010-04-23 | 2012-07-13 | Trium Invest | BODY-GUARD ELEMENT OF A UNITARY SHOOTING TOWER, AND SHUNT COMPRISING THE SAME. |
CN102127976A (en) * | 2011-04-21 | 2011-07-20 | 中国建筑第八工程局有限公司 | H-shaped steel tower crane bearing platform |
ES2677695B1 (en) * | 2017-02-03 | 2019-03-22 | Sist Tecnicos De Encofrados Sa | SPINDLE HEAD |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1324406A (en) * | 1962-03-08 | 1963-04-19 | interchangeable prefabricated elements for suitable manual assemblies in scaffolding and ladders | |
FR1539698A (en) * | 1967-06-08 | 1968-09-20 | Somefran | lightweight rolling scaffolding with multiple working positions |
US5069309A (en) * | 1989-09-28 | 1991-12-03 | Emerson Electric Co. | Rolling tower scaffold and method and tooling apparatus for manufacturing the same |
US5135077A (en) * | 1991-08-12 | 1992-08-04 | Universal Builders Supply, Inc. | Scaffolding system |
-
2006
- 2006-06-30 FR FR0605940A patent/FR2903135B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2007
- 2007-07-02 EP EP07823533.0A patent/EP2044273B1/en active Active
- 2007-07-02 WO PCT/FR2007/051577 patent/WO2008020138A1/en active Application Filing
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR3005085A1 (en) * | 2013-04-30 | 2014-10-31 | Godon Sas | TILT END END ELEMENT HAVING A HANDLE AND A SUPPORT MEMBER |
FR3005086A1 (en) * | 2013-04-30 | 2014-10-31 | Godon Sas | CONNECTION CONNECTION FOR TILT |
ES2597236A1 (en) * | 2015-07-15 | 2017-01-17 | Sistemas Técnicos De Encofrados, S.A. | Beam support strut for concrete formwork (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
US10711428B2 (en) * | 2015-09-16 | 2020-07-14 | China Construction Steel Structure Corp. Ltd. | Supporting device and method for calculating jacking force thereof |
CN107950191A (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2018-04-24 | 三峡大学 | The aerial device that portable extension type folds |
CN107950191B (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2023-10-27 | 三峡大学 | Portable telescopic folding climbing device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2044273A1 (en) | 2009-04-08 |
WO2008020138A1 (en) | 2008-02-21 |
FR2903135B1 (en) | 2015-02-27 |
EP2044273B1 (en) | 2015-01-14 |
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