FR2681982A1 - ELECTRONIC SCANNING ANTENNA. - Google Patents

ELECTRONIC SCANNING ANTENNA. Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2681982A1
FR2681982A1 FR9111876A FR9111876A FR2681982A1 FR 2681982 A1 FR2681982 A1 FR 2681982A1 FR 9111876 A FR9111876 A FR 9111876A FR 9111876 A FR9111876 A FR 9111876A FR 2681982 A1 FR2681982 A1 FR 2681982A1
Authority
FR
France
Prior art keywords
antenna
plane
antenna according
directions
satellite
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
FR9111876A
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
FR2681982B1 (en
Inventor
Vidal Saint-Andre Bruno
Dusseux Thierry
Drouin Gilles
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcatel Espace Industries SA
Original Assignee
Alcatel Espace Industries SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alcatel Espace Industries SA filed Critical Alcatel Espace Industries SA
Priority to FR9111876A priority Critical patent/FR2681982B1/en
Priority to DE69210154T priority patent/DE69210154D1/en
Priority to CA 2079193 priority patent/CA2079193A1/en
Priority to EP19920402640 priority patent/EP0534862B1/en
Publication of FR2681982A1 publication Critical patent/FR2681982A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of FR2681982B1 publication Critical patent/FR2681982B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
    • H01Q19/062—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens for focusing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
    • H01Q19/17—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave the primary radiating source comprising two or more radiating elements
    • H01Q19/175—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave the primary radiating source comprising two or more radiating elements arrayed along the focal line of a cylindrical focusing surface
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une antenne à balayage électronique, embarquée sur un engin mobile (11) selon une trajectoire (12) située dans un plan (13), et comportant au moins deux directions de visée simultanées (14, 15) situées dans ledit plan; cette antenne comprenant une direction de balayage (19) perpendiculaire à ce plan (13). Application notamment au domaine de l'observation terrestre par satellite.The invention relates to an electronically scanned antenna, mounted on a mobile machine (11) along a path (12) located in a plane (13), and comprising at least two simultaneous sighting directions (14, 15) located in said plane. ; this antenna comprising a scanning direction (19) perpendicular to this plane (13). Application in particular to the field of terrestrial observation by satellite.

Description

-1- Antenne à balayage électronique La présente invention concerne une-1- Electronic scanning antenna The present invention relates to a

antenne à balayage électronique, embarquée sur un engin mobile, par exemple un avion, un satellite, selon une trajectoire située dans un plan, et comportant au moins deux directions de visée simultanées situées dans ledit plan. L'invention concerne en particulier, mais non pas exclusivement, une antenne de type radar embarquée à bord d'un  electronic scanning antenna, on board a mobile vehicle, for example an airplane, a satellite, along a trajectory located in a plane, and comprising at least two simultaneous viewing directions located in said plane. The invention relates in particular, but not exclusively, to a radar type antenna on board a

satellite à défilement pour permettre une observation terrestre.  scrolling satellite for terrestrial observation.

Un article intitulé "Stereoradar meteorology: a promising technique to observe précipitation from a mobile platform" de J. Testud, Z Amayenc et M Marzoug (CNET-CNRS; 1988; CRPE (centre de recherche en physique de l'environnement) /162) décrit une antenne utilisée en météorologie, qui est un "stéréo" radar, c'est-à-dire un radar à deux pinceaux, embarquée dans un satellite à orbite circulaire d'altitude située entre 500 à 700 kilomètres Les deux pinceaux sont des pinceaux étroits pointés de 15 à 200 du Nadir, l'un en avant, l'autre en arrière de celui-ci Du fait du déplacement du satellite les deux pinceaux balayent le même plan vertical qui passe par l'orbite du satellite, et permettent une analyse du paysage dans la  An article entitled "Stereoradar meteorology: a promising technique to observe precipitation from a mobile platform" by J. Testud, Z Amayenc and M Marzoug (CNET-CNRS; 1988; CRPE (center for research in environmental physics) / 162) describes an antenna used in meteorology, which is a "stereo" radar, that is to say a radar with two brushes, on board a satellite with circular orbit of altitude situated between 500 to 700 kilometers The two brushes are brushes narrow points of 15 to 200 of the Nadir, one in front, the other behind it Due to the displacement of the satellite the two brushes scan the same vertical plane which passes through the orbit of the satellite, and allow a landscape analysis in the

troposhère sous deux angles différents.  troposher from two different angles.

Mais avec un tel radar à réflecteur ou à lentille on n'arrive pas à obtenir les spécificités de lobe secondaire désirées sans déplacer l'antenne; La pureté de lobe secondaire devant être supérieure à 30 d B. Le but de la présente invention est donc de réaliser une antenne à balayage électronique permettant d'obtenir les spécificités  But with such a reflector or lens radar it is not possible to obtain the specificities of the secondary lobe desired without moving the antenna; The purity of the secondary lobe must be greater than 30 d B. The aim of the present invention is therefore to produce an antenna with electronic scanning making it possible to obtain the specificities

de lobe secondaire désirées.desired secondary lobe.

Conformément à la présente invention, ladite antenne comprend une direction de balayage perpendiculaire au plan contenant  According to the present invention, said antenna comprises a scanning direction perpendicular to the plane containing

la trajectoire du satellite.the trajectory of the satellite.

L'antenne peut comporter avantageusement les moyens de focalisation réalisés à partir d'une forme génératrice permettant de privilégier au moins deux directions dans le plan de la trajectoire du satellite et étendue à une forme cylindrique dans l'espace par translation selon la direction de balayage; et des moyens de -2- transmission qui sont des réseaux linéaires Avantageusement l'invention consiste ainsi à réaliser une optimisation d'une courbe à deux dimensions, et de la prolonger en trois dimensions par une projection cylindrique, en permettant de séparer les moyens d'actions dans les deux premières directions par rapport à ceux de la troisième direction. L'invention permet d'améliorer les performances radioélectriques des antennes de l'art connu pour des débattements de faisceaux éventuellement très éloignés du Nadir (plusieurs dizaines de  The antenna may advantageously include the focusing means produced from a generative shape making it possible to favor at least two directions in the plane of the trajectory of the satellite and extended to a cylindrical shape in space by translation in the scanning direction. ; and transmission means which are linear networks Advantageously, the invention thus consists in optimizing a two-dimensional curve, and in extending it in three dimensions by a cylindrical projection, by allowing the means d 'actions in the first two directions compared to those in the third direction. The invention makes it possible to improve the radioelectric performance of antennas of the known art for beam deflections possibly very far from the Nadir (several tens of

largeurs de faisceaux).beam widths).

L'antenne selon l'invention est, comme indiqué ci-dessus, particulièrement adaptée à être utilisée comme antenne radar à bord  The antenna according to the invention is, as indicated above, particularly suitable for use as a radar antenna on board

d'un satellite à défilement utilisée pour une observation terrestre.  of a scrolling satellite used for terrestrial observation.

L'invention va être décrite de façon plus détaillée  The invention will be described in more detail

ci-après à l'aide de la description et des dessins annexés.  below with the aid of the description and the attached drawings.

Sur ces dessins: La figure 1 est une représentation schématique d'une antenne à balayage électronique selon l'invention embarquée sur un engin spatial; cette représentation illustrant le fonctionnement de ladite antenne; La figure 2 est une représentation schématique d'un premier exemple de réalisation de ladite antenne; La figure 3 est une représentation schématique d'un second  In these drawings: FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of an electronic scanning antenna according to the invention on board a spacecraft; this representation illustrating the operation of said antenna; Figure 2 is a schematic representation of a first embodiment of said antenna; Figure 3 is a schematic representation of a second

exemple de réalisation de ladite antenne.  example of embodiment of said antenna.

L'antenne 10, telle que représentée sur la figure 1 est, à titre d'exemple, embarquée sur un satellite à défilement 11, dont la trajectoire 12 est située dans un plan 13 Elle délivre deux pinceaux 14 et 15: un pinceau 14 avant situé par exemple à 15 par rapport au Nadir 16 dans le sens du défilement du satellite 11, et un pinceau arrière 15 situé par exemple à 150 par rapport au Nadir 16 dans le  The antenna 10, as shown in FIG. 1 is, by way of example, on board a traveling satellite 11, the trajectory 12 of which is situated in a plane 13 It delivers two brushes 14 and 15: a brush 14 before located for example at 15 relative to the Nadir 16 in the direction of travel of the satellite 11, and a rear brush 15 located for example at 150 relative to the Nadir 16 in the

sens opposé à celui du défilement du satellite.  opposite direction to that of satellite travel.

Cette antenne 10 permet de plus de balayer les zones terrestres 17 et 18 situées en avant et en arrière dudit satellite  This antenna 10 also makes it possible to scan the terrestrial zones 17 and 18 situated in front and behind of said satellite

selon une direction 19 perpendiculaire au plan 13.  in a direction 19 perpendicular to the plane 13.

L'antenne telle que représentée sur la figure 2 est un -3- réflecteur 10 ' qui possède une forme génératrice permettant  The antenna as shown in FIG. 2 is a reflector 10 ′ which has a generative shape allowing

d'optimiser ses performances dans deux directions 14 et 15.  optimize its performance in two directions 14 and 15.

On prolonge ensuite cette forme par translation selon la  This shape is then extended by translation according to the

direction 19.direction 19.

On réalise le balayage selon cette direction à l'aide de deux réseaux linéaires phasés 20 et 21 situés aux pseudo-foyers de ce réflecteur. La réalisation de la figure 3 permet d'illustrer le fait que l'antenne de l'invention fonctionne aussi en transmission Elle prend alors la forme d'une lentille 10 " Cette lentille peut-être  The scanning is carried out in this direction using two phased linear networks 20 and 21 located at the pseudo-foci of this reflector. The embodiment of FIG. 3 makes it possible to illustrate the fact that the antenna of the invention also functions in transmission. It then takes the form of a 10 "lens. This lens may be

passive ou active, diélectrique ou métallique.  passive or active, dielectric or metallic.

Son avantage par rapport à la solution de la figure 2 est la suppression de l'ombre du faisceau radioélectrique créée par les réseaux 20 et 21 après réflexion sur le réflecteur 10, et de son effet  Its advantage compared to the solution of FIG. 2 is the elimination of the shadow of the radio beam created by the networks 20 and 21 after reflection on the reflector 10, and of its effect

néfaste sur les performances de l'antenne.  detrimental to the performance of the antenna.

L'antenne de l'invention présente donc l'avantage de séparer deux moyens d'actions sur les performances de l'antenne la forme du réflecteur 10 ' ou de la lentille 10 " dans le plan 13 permet de priviligier un nombre fini de directions ici deux; les réseaux linéaires 20 et 21 placés aux pseudo-foyers permettant d'obtenir des zones linéaires de balayage à partir de  The antenna of the invention therefore has the advantage of separating two means of action on the performance of the antenna the shape of the reflector 10 ′ or of the lens 10 ″ in the plane 13 makes it possible to favor a finite number of directions here two; the linear networks 20 and 21 placed at the pseudo-homes making it possible to obtain linear scanning zones from

plusieurs directions privilégiées ici deux.  several preferred directions here two.

Il est bien entendu que la présente invention n'a été décrite et représentée qu'à titre d'exemple préférentiel et que l'on pourra remplacer ses éléments constitutifs par des éléments  It is understood that the present invention has only been described and shown as a preferred example and that its constituent elements may be replaced by elements

équivalents sans, pour autant, sortir du cadre de l'invention.  equivalent without, however, departing from the scope of the invention.

-4--4-

Claims (8)

REVENDICATIONS 1) Antenne à balayage électronique, embarquée sur un engin mobile ( 11) selon une trajectoire ( 12) située dans un plan ( 13), comportant au moins deux directions de visée simultanées ( 14, 15) situées dans ledit plan; ladite antenne étant caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend une  1) Antenna with electronic scanning, on board a mobile machine (11) along a trajectory (12) located in a plane (13), comprising at least two simultaneous sighting directions (14, 15) located in said plane; said antenna being characterized in that it comprises a direction de balayage ( 19) perpendiculaire à ce plan ( 13).  scanning direction (19) perpendicular to this plane (13). 2) Antenne selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend des moyens de localisation ( 10) et des moyens de transmission  2) Antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises localization means (10) and transmission means ( 20, 21) couplés auxdits moyens de localisation.  (20, 21) coupled to said locating means. 3) Antenne selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que les moyens de localisation ( 10) sont réalisés à partir d'une forme génératrice permettant de privilégier au moins deux directions dans le plan de la trajectoire étendue à une forme cylindrique dans l'espace par  3) Antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that the locating means (10) are produced from a generative shape making it possible to favor at least two directions in the plane of the trajectory extended to a cylindrical shape in space by translation selon la direction de balayage ( 19).  translation in the scanning direction (19). 4) Antenne selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que les moyens  4) Antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that the means de transmission sont des réseaux linéaires ( 20, 21).  are linear networks (20, 21). ) Antenne selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que les moyens  ) Antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that the means de focalisation comprennent un réflecteur ( 10 ').  focusing devices include a reflector (10 '). 6) Antenne selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que les moyens  6) Antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that the means de localisation comprennent une lentille ( 10 ").  locators include a lens (10 "). 7) Antenne selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que l'antenne  7) Antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the antenna est une antenne radar.is a radar antenna. 8) Antenne selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que l'engin  8) Antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the machine spatial mobile est un satellite à défilement.  mobile space is a scrolling satellite. 9) Antenne selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le nombre de directions privilégié est deux, et en ce que ladite antenne est une  9) Antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the preferred number of directions is two, and in that said antenna is a antenne radar utilisée pour une observation terrestre.  radar antenna used for earth observation. ff
FR9111876A 1991-09-26 1991-09-26 ELECTRONIC SCANNING ANTENNA. Expired - Fee Related FR2681982B1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9111876A FR2681982B1 (en) 1991-09-26 1991-09-26 ELECTRONIC SCANNING ANTENNA.
DE69210154T DE69210154D1 (en) 1991-09-26 1992-09-25 Antenna with electronically controlled deflection
CA 2079193 CA2079193A1 (en) 1991-09-26 1992-09-25 Electronic sweep antenna
EP19920402640 EP0534862B1 (en) 1991-09-26 1992-09-25 An electronic scanning antenna

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9111876A FR2681982B1 (en) 1991-09-26 1991-09-26 ELECTRONIC SCANNING ANTENNA.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
FR2681982A1 true FR2681982A1 (en) 1993-04-02
FR2681982B1 FR2681982B1 (en) 1993-11-19

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
FR9111876A Expired - Fee Related FR2681982B1 (en) 1991-09-26 1991-09-26 ELECTRONIC SCANNING ANTENNA.

Country Status (4)

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EP (1) EP0534862B1 (en)
CA (1) CA2079193A1 (en)
DE (1) DE69210154D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2681982B1 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2709380B1 (en) * 1993-08-23 1995-09-22 Alcatel Espace Bi-beam antenna with electronic scanning.
WO2015120880A1 (en) 2014-02-11 2015-08-20 Vega Grieshaber Kg Fill level and topology determination

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3191170A (en) * 1963-01-07 1965-06-22 Gen Instrument Corp Contour mapping system
GB1425142A (en) * 1973-04-03 1976-02-18 Hazeltine Corp Antenna system for radiating multiple planar beams
US4315262A (en) * 1979-04-26 1982-02-09 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Satellite communication system with a plurality of limited scan spot beams
FR2529347A1 (en) * 1982-06-29 1983-12-30 Europ Agence Spatiale REMOTE SENSING METHOD WITH LOW ENERGY CONSUMPTION
EP0389111A2 (en) * 1989-03-21 1990-09-26 British Aerospace Public Limited Company A synthetic aperture radar assembly and a method of creating a radar image of a planet surface using such an assembly

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3191170A (en) * 1963-01-07 1965-06-22 Gen Instrument Corp Contour mapping system
GB1425142A (en) * 1973-04-03 1976-02-18 Hazeltine Corp Antenna system for radiating multiple planar beams
US4315262A (en) * 1979-04-26 1982-02-09 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Satellite communication system with a plurality of limited scan spot beams
FR2529347A1 (en) * 1982-06-29 1983-12-30 Europ Agence Spatiale REMOTE SENSING METHOD WITH LOW ENERGY CONSUMPTION
EP0389111A2 (en) * 1989-03-21 1990-09-26 British Aerospace Public Limited Company A synthetic aperture radar assembly and a method of creating a radar image of a planet surface using such an assembly

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION vol. 38, no. 7, Juillet 1990, NEW YORK,U.S pages 1046 - 1053; HUANG ET AL.,: 'Fan Beam generated by a linear-array fed parabolic reflector' *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0534862B1 (en) 1996-04-24
CA2079193A1 (en) 1993-03-27
EP0534862A1 (en) 1993-03-31
DE69210154D1 (en) 1996-05-30
FR2681982B1 (en) 1993-11-19

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