EP3365943B1 - Acquisition aid antenna device and associated antenna system for monitoring a moving target - Google Patents
Acquisition aid antenna device and associated antenna system for monitoring a moving target Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3365943B1 EP3365943B1 EP16784538.7A EP16784538A EP3365943B1 EP 3365943 B1 EP3365943 B1 EP 3365943B1 EP 16784538 A EP16784538 A EP 16784538A EP 3365943 B1 EP3365943 B1 EP 3365943B1
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- Prior art keywords
- lens
- antenna
- source
- main
- acquisition aid
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/125—Means for positioning
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
- H01Q15/08—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism formed of solid dielectric material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
- H01Q15/16—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures curved in two dimensions, e.g. paraboloidal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
- H01Q19/062—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens for focusing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/30—Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
- H01Q25/002—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns providing at least two patterns of different beamwidth; Variable beamwidth antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
- H01Q5/28—Arrangements for establishing polarisation or beam width over two or more different wavebands
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
Definitions
- the invention relates to an acquisition aid antenna device as well as an antenna system for tracking a moving target including such an acquisition aid device.
- the invention applies to monitoring stations, tracking, for telemetry and flight tests of vehicles or aircraft (planes, missiles, drones ...) or in the space field such as receiving data from scientific and observation payloads (satellites traveling in low orbit), orbit control during the launch phase for all types of satellites (LEO, MEO, GEO), both for ground and on-board antenna systems on warships or civil ships, air defense systems, monopulse and multi-band radar systems.
- the main antenna is particularly directive with a fine transmitting beam, having an opening angle of a few degrees. Given the fineness of its beam, it is difficult to point the main antenna towards the target, especially when the latter is moving rapidly.
- Acquisition aid antennas in English, "Acquisition Aid Antenna" are auxiliary antennas intended to be fixed to main antennas in a telemetry station.
- This acquisition aid antenna is generally integral with the main antenna and has a lobe significantly wider than that of the main antenna (between 15 and 30 °, or up to 20 times that of the main antenna. ).
- the role of the acquisition aid antenna is to facilitate rapid acquisition and to ensure tracking at short distances. Once the main antenna is correctly oriented and the level of the signal received from the target is sufficient to allow reception by the antenna main, the signal is switched to the main antenna, without loss of tracking when the target is at a good distance.
- the acquisition aid antenna is also used to recover telemetry data in the event of loss of signal by the main antenna.
- the acquisition aid antenna makes it possible in particular to continue chasing a moving target (drone, plane or missile for example) when the target is close or is moving rapidly.
- Switching from the main antenna to the acquisition aid antenna can also be done as a preventive measure when the proximity of the target is likely to cause saturation of the radio frequency equipment.
- Aid acquisition antennas comprising an antenna source and a small diameter parabolic reflector, the antenna source being disposed at the focus of the reflector.
- a disadvantage of this type of antenna is that, the reflector being of small diameter, the antenna source masks a large part of the reflector. This has the consequence that the acquisition aid antenna has poor performance and a poor reception diagram (having secondary lobes of high amplitude).
- acquisition aid antennas comprising a planar array of radiating elements.
- the bandwidth of the network is limited, which can lead to the use of several networks in parallel to obtain multi-band reception, and impacts the cost and the congestion of the aid antenna. acquisition.
- the document US 2010/013726 describes an antenna comprising three stacked antenna units, each unit comprising a cylindrical polytetrafluoroethylene lens and an array of ports located on the focal surface of the lens.
- the acquisition aid antenna comprises a source, a sub-reflector and a reflector forming a Cassegrain assembly and is positioned near an edge of the reflector of the main antenna.
- An object of the invention is to propose an antenna system including an acquisition aid antenna, which has a reduced bulk and good performance in terms of yield and quality of the radiation diagram.
- the proposed acquisition aid antenna device makes it possible to concentrate the radiation of the target on the antenna source while having a reduced bulk.
- the diameter of the device can be of the order of 1.5 to 5 wavelengths, which enables the acquisition aid antenna device to be placed on the side of the larger main antenna device. diameter.
- the use of a lens placed in the main reception lobe of the acquisition aid antenna source makes it possible to adjust the opening angle of the acquisition aid antenna device, and provides good performance while having a reduced footprint.
- the proposed system makes it possible in particular to use a source of acquisition aid antenna identical to that used for the main antenna device.
- the antenna system 1 represented comprises a main antenna device 2 and an associated auxiliary antenna device 3.
- the main antenna device 2 comprises a main antenna source 4 and a parabolic reflector 5.
- the main antenna source 4 is positioned at the focus of the parabolic reflector 5.
- the antenna source main 4 is held in this position by a support 6 allowing the main antenna source 4 to be fixed on the parabolic reflector 5.
- the main antenna source 4 can be a multiband source, for example a multiband source as described in the document. FR 3 007 215 . Such a source is suitable for transmitting and / or receiving telemetry signals selectively in each of the frequency bands L (1 GHz to 2 GHz), S (2 GHz to 4 GHz) and C (4 GHz to 8 GHz).
- the main antenna source 4 is able to illuminate the parabolic reflector 5 with an opening angle at -10 dB at about 70 degrees around the main receiving axis X1 of the source 4.
- the source of main antenna 4 illuminates substantially the entire reflecting surface of the parabolic reflector 5.
- the parabolic reflector 5 is capable of reflecting radiation emitted by a target towards the source 4 with an opening angle at -10dB ⁇ of between 2 and 8 degrees.
- the auxiliary antenna device 3 (called “acquisition aid antenna device”) is arranged next to the main antenna device 2.
- the acquisition aid antenna device 3 is mounted fixed on the main antenna device 2. Thus, when tracking a moving target, the two devices 2 and 3 are driven together, in an identical movement.
- the acquisition aid antenna device 3 comprises an acquisition aid antenna source 7, a lens support 8 and a lens 9.
- the antenna system 1 also comprises a support arm 10 connecting the acquisition aid antenna device 3 to the main antenna device 2.
- the support arm 10 is fixed on the one hand to the parabolic reflector 5 of the main antenna device 2 and on the other hand to the casing of the acquisition aid antenna source 7.
- the support arm 10 holds the acquisition aid antenna device 3 in a fixed position relative to the main antenna device 2.
- the acquisition antenna source 7 is identical to the main antenna source 4.
- the acquisition aid source has the same characteristics of frequency bands, polarization and diagrams (sum and difference) as the main antenna source.
- the acquisition aid antenna source can be used temporarily as the main antenna source.
- the acquisition aid antenna device is illustrated more precisely on the figure 3 .
- the acquisition aid antenna source 7 has a main reception axis X2, parallel to the main reception axis X1 of the main antenna source.
- the acquisition aid antenna source 7 comprises a plurality of radiating assemblies 11 to 16 suitable for generating radiation respectively in the frequency bands C, S and L.
- Each radiating assembly 11 to 16 is suitable for receiving radiation according to a first reception diagram having a main reception lobe oriented along the main reception axis X2.
- the main reception lobe has an opening angle ⁇ .
- opening angle ⁇ we mean the opening angle of the acquisition aid antenna source 7 only, without the lens 9.
- the opening angle ⁇ is about 130 degrees to - 10dB.
- the lens 9 is positioned on the main axis of reception X2 of the acquisition aid antenna source 7, the optical axis of the lens 9 being coincident with the main axis of reception of the source 7.
- the lens 9 is arranged with respect to the acquisition aid antenna source 7 so that the source receives all of the radiation transmitted by the lens.
- the lens 9 is a converging lens having a first convex surface 17 (also called “interior surface”) and a second convex surface 18 (also called “exterior surface”), opposite the first convex surface 17.
- the first convex surface 17 is directed towards the source 7.
- the second convex surface 18 is directed towards a target to be detected.
- the lens 9 is configured to concentrate the radiation emitted by the target towards the acquisition aid antenna source 7, so as to obtain a reception diagram of the acquisition aid antenna device having a main reception lobe with an opening angle ⁇ less than the opening angle ⁇ .
- the lens 9 is dimensioned to reduce the opening angle of the main lobe with a quotient ⁇ / ⁇ between 1 / 6.5 and 1 / 3.25.
- the angle ⁇ is thus between 20 and 40 degrees at -10 dB (depending on the frequency band considered).
- the lens support 8 makes it possible to mount the lens 9 fixed relative to the acquisition aid antenna source 7.
- the lens support 8 has a generally tubular shape.
- the lens support 8 comprises a wall 19 of generally cylindrical shape of revolution defining a first opening 21 and a second opening 22.
- the lens support 8 is fixed on the one hand to the acquisition aid source 7, the source extending through the first opening 21, and on the other hand to the lens 9, lens 9 obstructing the second opening 22.
- the lens 9 has a point focus.
- the set radiating in the lowest frequency range (in this case, the set 12 radiating in the L band) has its phase center located at the focal point of the lens 9.
- the radiating sets in the others frequency ranges (in this case, the sets 14 and 16 radiating in the bands S and C) have phase centers located on the optical axis of the lens 9 while being offset with respect to the focal point of the lens 9.
- the radiating assemblies 12, 14 and 16 are arranged so that the higher the frequency range of a radiating assembly, the farther the phase center of the radiating assembly is from the focal point of the lens 9 and the closer to the first surface 17 of the lens 9.
- the phase centers of the radiating elements in the highest frequency ranges (in this case, the assemblies 14 and 16 radiating in the bands S and C) are located between the focal point of the lens 9 and lens 9.
- the radiating assemblies 12, 14 and 16 By controlling the position of the phase centers of the radiating assemblies 12, 14 and 16 relative to the focus of the lens 9, it is possible to adjust the opening angle ⁇ , for each of the frequency ranges L, S and C , on a bandwidth of 2 octaves.
- the radiating assemblies 12, 14 and 16 can be arranged along the optical axis of the lens so as to minimize the variation in the opening angle ⁇ as a function of the range of reception frequencies L, S and C.
- the lens 9 is dimensioned to transform a quasi-plane wave received from the target into a spherical wave, the spherical wave being emitted towards the antenna source 7, in the lowest frequency range (in this case, the band L).
- the lens 9 can be formed by machining in one or more blocks of material.
- the material used presents preferably a density between 1.05 and 1.15, and a relative permittivity between 2.5 and 2.7.
- the material forming the lens 9 is a dielectric material, such as a polymeric material, having low dielectric losses (loss tangent ⁇ 0.0007 at 10 GHz) in the reception frequency ranges of the source of assistance to the acquisition and a refractive index greater than 1.5.
- the polymeric material can be a polystyrene and hydrocarbon-based material.
- An example of a suitable material is a material sold under the name Rexolite® by the company San Diego Plastics, Inc., obtained by crosslinking a polystyrene with a divinylbenzene.
- the lens 9 is formed in two pieces of material 23 and 24.
- the two pieces 23 and 24 are fixed to each other by means of screws 25. It is thus possible to manufacture each piece 23, 24 independently of the 'other, and in particular to machine each convex surface 17 and 18 separately.
- the figure 5 schematically represents the setting of the lens allowing the equations of the surfaces 17 and 18 of the lens to be calculated.
- a point M 1 with coordinates ( x 1 , z 1 ), as a point of intersection of a ray with the first surface 17 of the lens, and a point M 2 , with coordinates ( x 2 , z 2 ), a point of intersection of the same radius with the second surface 18 of the lens.
- the resolution of the differential equation can be carried out by a method of Runge Kutta, of order 4.
- the surface equation can be calculated as a polynomial, by interpolating the series of points.
- the lens is thus specifically shaped to have a focal distance adjusted to the different phase centers of each sub-band of the source, which makes it possible to achieve excellent efficiency at even the lowest frequencies.
- the diameter of the acquisition aid antenna is thus minimized, as is its weight.
- a lens 30 to 40 centimeters in diameter can simultaneously cover the L, S and C bands of telemetry with the right opening angle and reduced side lobes.
- the use of a lens disposed in the reception beam of the acquisition aid antenna source makes it possible to adjust the opening angle of the acquisition aid antenna device, and provides good performance while having a reduced footprint.
- the multi-band source based on differentiated radiating elements is a solution which gives good merit factors to the main antenna.
- the proposed system allows the use of an acquisition aid antenna source identical to the main antenna source. Reusing the main antenna source for acquisition simplifies the design and maintenance of the antenna system, although it is still possible to use different sources.
- the topology of the tracking device is thus identical for the two antennas.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Description
L'invention concerne un dispositif d'antenne d'aide à l'acquisition ainsi qu'un système d'antenne pour le suivi d'une cible en mouvement incluant un tel dispositif d'aide à l'acquisition.The invention relates to an acquisition aid antenna device as well as an antenna system for tracking a moving target including such an acquisition aid device.
L'invention s'applique aux stations de suivi, de poursuite, pour la télémesure et les essais en vol d'engins ou d'aéronef (avions, missiles, drones...) ou dans le domaine spatial comme la réception de données des charges utiles scientifiques et d'observation (satellites défilants en orbite basse), le contrôle en orbite durant la phase de lancement pour tous types de satellites (LEO, MEO, GEO), aussi bien pour des systèmes d'antenne au sol ou bien embarqués sur des navires de guerre ou civils, des systèmes de défense aérienne, des systèmes de radars monopulse et multi-bandes.The invention applies to monitoring stations, tracking, for telemetry and flight tests of vehicles or aircraft (planes, missiles, drones ...) or in the space field such as receiving data from scientific and observation payloads (satellites traveling in low orbit), orbit control during the launch phase for all types of satellites (LEO, MEO, GEO), both for ground and on-board antenna systems on warships or civil ships, air defense systems, monopulse and multi-band radar systems.
Dans une station de télémesure, l'antenne principale est particulièrement directive avec un faisceau d'émission fin, ayant un angle d'ouverture de quelques degrés. Compte tenu de la finesse de son faisceau, il est difficile de pointer l'antenne principale vers la cible, en particulier lorsque celle-ci se déplace rapidement.In a telemetry station, the main antenna is particularly directive with a fine transmitting beam, having an opening angle of a few degrees. Given the fineness of its beam, it is difficult to point the main antenna towards the target, especially when the latter is moving rapidly.
Les antennes d'aide à l'acquisition (en anglais, « Acquisition Aid Antenna ») sont des antennes auxiliaires destinées à être fixées à des antennes principales dans une station de télémesure.Acquisition aid antennas (in English, "Acquisition Aid Antenna") are auxiliary antennas intended to be fixed to main antennas in a telemetry station.
Cette antenne d'aide à l'acquisition est généralement solidaire de l'antenne principale et présente un lobe nettement plus large que celui de l'antenne principale (entre 15 et 30°, soit jusqu'à 20 fois celui de l'antenne principale). Le rôle de l'antenne d'aide à l'acquisition est de faciliter une acquisition rapide et d'assurer une poursuite à faible distance. Une fois que l'antenne principale est correctement orientée et que le niveau du signal reçu provenant de la cible est suffisant pour permettre une réception par l'antenne principale, le signal est commuté vers l'antenne principale, sans perte de la poursuite lorsque la cible est à bonne distance.This acquisition aid antenna is generally integral with the main antenna and has a lobe significantly wider than that of the main antenna (between 15 and 30 °, or up to 20 times that of the main antenna. ). The role of the acquisition aid antenna is to facilitate rapid acquisition and to ensure tracking at short distances. Once the main antenna is correctly oriented and the level of the signal received from the target is sufficient to allow reception by the antenna main, the signal is switched to the main antenna, without loss of tracking when the target is at a good distance.
L'antenne d'aide à l'acquisition est également utilisée pour récupérer des données de télémesure en cas de perte de signal par l'antenne principale. L'antenne d'aide à l'acquisition permet en particulier de continuer à poursuivre une cible en mouvement (drone, avion ou missile par exemple) lorsque la cible est proche ou se déplace rapidement.The acquisition aid antenna is also used to recover telemetry data in the event of loss of signal by the main antenna. The acquisition aid antenna makes it possible in particular to continue chasing a moving target (drone, plane or missile for example) when the target is close or is moving rapidly.
Il est ainsi possible de commuter entre l'antenne principale et l'antenne d'aide à l'acquisition afin de maintenir une continuité du signal de télémesure.It is thus possible to switch between the main antenna and the acquisition aid antenna in order to maintain continuity of the telemetry signal.
Une commutation de l'antenne principale vers l'antenne d'aide à l'acquisition peut également être réalisée à titre préventif lorsque la proximité de la cible risque d'entrainer une saturation des équipements radiofréquence.Switching from the main antenna to the acquisition aid antenna can also be done as a preventive measure when the proximity of the target is likely to cause saturation of the radio frequency equipment.
On connaît des antennes d'aide à l'acquisition comprenant une source d'antenne et un réflecteur parabolique de petit diamètre, la source d'antenne étant disposée au foyer du réflecteur. Un inconvénient de ce type d'antenne est que, le réflecteur étant de petit diamètre, la source d'antenne masque une partie importante du réflecteur. Cela a pour conséquence que l'antenne d'aide à l'acquisition présente un rendement médiocre et un diagramme de réception de mauvaise qualité (présentant des lobes secondaires d'amplitude élevée).Aid acquisition antennas are known comprising an antenna source and a small diameter parabolic reflector, the antenna source being disposed at the focus of the reflector. A disadvantage of this type of antenna is that, the reflector being of small diameter, the antenna source masks a large part of the reflector. This has the consequence that the acquisition aid antenna has poor performance and a poor reception diagram (having secondary lobes of high amplitude).
On connaît également des antennes d'aide à l'acquisition comprenant un réseau plan d'éléments rayonnants. Cependant, la largeur de bande du réseau est limitée, ce qui peut conduire à l'utilisation de plusieurs réseaux en parallèle pour obtenir une réception multi-bande, et impacte le coût et l'encombrement de l'antenne d'aide à l'acquisition.There are also known acquisition aid antennas comprising a planar array of radiating elements. However, the bandwidth of the network is limited, which can lead to the use of several networks in parallel to obtain multi-band reception, and impacts the cost and the congestion of the aid antenna. acquisition.
Le document
Le document
Le document
Un but de l'invention est de proposer un système d'antenne incluant une antenne d'aide à l'acquisition, qui présente un encombrement réduit et de bonnes performances en termes de rendement et de qualité du diagramme de rayonnement.An object of the invention is to propose an antenna system including an acquisition aid antenna, which has a reduced bulk and good performance in terms of yield and quality of the radiation diagram.
Ce but est atteint dans le cadre de la présente invention grâce à un système d'antenne pour le suivi d'une cible en mouvement, comprenant :
- un dispositif d'antenne principale comprenant :
- un réflecteur parabolique propre à réfléchir un rayonnement émis par une cible selon un premier diagramme de réception présentant un lobe principal de réception ayant un premier angle d'ouverture,
- une source d'antenne principale propre à recevoir le rayonnement réfléchi par le réflecteur parabolique, et
- un dispositif d'antenne d'aide à l'acquisition monté fixe par rapport au dispositif d'antenne principale, comprenant :
- une source d'antenne d'aide à l'acquisition multibande, propre à recevoir un rayonnement émis par une cible selon un deuxième diagramme de réception présentant un lobe principal de réception ayant un deuxième angle d'ouverture, et
- une lentille disposée dans le lobe principal de réception de la source d'antenne d'aide à l'acquisition pour concentrer le rayonnement reçu de la cible vers la source d'antenne, de manière à recevoir le rayonnement émis par la cible selon un troisième diagramme de réception présentant un lobe principal de réception ayant un troisième angle d'ouverture inférieur au deuxième angle d'ouverture et supérieur au premier angle d'ouverture.
- a main antenna device comprising:
- a parabolic reflector suitable for reflecting radiation emitted by a target according to a first reception diagram having a main reception lobe having a first opening angle,
- a main antenna source suitable for receiving the radiation reflected by the parabolic reflector, and
- an acquisition aid antenna device mounted fixed relative to the main antenna device, comprising:
- a source of antenna for multiband acquisition, suitable for receiving radiation emitted by a target according to a second reception diagram having a main reception lobe having a second opening angle, and
- a lens arranged in the main reception lobe of the acquisition aid antenna source for concentrating the radiation received from the target towards the antenna source, so as to receive the radiation emitted by the target according to a third reception diagram showing a main reception lobe having a third opening angle less than the second opening angle and greater than the first opening angle.
Grâce à l'utilisation d'une lentille, le dispositif d'antenne d'aide à l'acquisition proposé permet de concentrer le rayonnement de la cible sur la source d'antenne tout en présentant un encombrement réduit. Le diamètre du dispositif peut être de l'ordre de 1,5 à 5 longueurs d'ondes, ce qui permet de placer le dispositif d'antenne d'aide à l'acquisition sur le côté du dispositif d'antenne principale de plus grand diamètre.Thanks to the use of a lens, the proposed acquisition aid antenna device makes it possible to concentrate the radiation of the target on the antenna source while having a reduced bulk. The diameter of the device can be of the order of 1.5 to 5 wavelengths, which enables the acquisition aid antenna device to be placed on the side of the larger main antenna device. diameter.
L'utilisation d'une lentille disposée dans le lobe principal de réception de la source d'antenne d'aide à l'acquisition permet d'ajuster l'angle d'ouverture du dispositif d'antenne d'aide à l'acquisition, et permet d'obtenir un bon rendement tout en présentant un encombrement réduit.The use of a lens placed in the main reception lobe of the acquisition aid antenna source makes it possible to adjust the opening angle of the acquisition aid antenna device, and provides good performance while having a reduced footprint.
Le système proposé permet en particulier d'utiliser une source d'antenne d'aide à l'acquisition identique à celle utilisée pour le dispositif d'antenne principale.The proposed system makes it possible in particular to use a source of acquisition aid antenna identical to that used for the main antenna device.
Le système proposé peut en outre présenter les caractéristiques suivantes :
- la lentille permet de diminuer l'angle d'ouverture du lobe principal de la source d'antenne d'aide à l'acquisition d'un quotient troisième angle / deuxième angle compris entre 1/6,5 et 1/3,25,
- la source d'antenne d'aide à l'acquisition comprend plusieurs ensembles rayonnants, chaque ensemble rayonnant étant propre à recevoir un rayonnement dans une bande de fréquences donnée, différente des bandes de fréquences reçus par les autres ensembles rayonnants, et dans lequel l'ensemble rayonnant dans la gamme de fréquences la plus basse a un centre de phase situé au foyer de la lentille,
- les autres ensembles rayonnants ont des centres de phase situés sur un axe optique de la lentille en étant décalés par rapport au foyer de la lentille,
- les éléments rayonnants sont disposés de sorte que plus la gamme de fréquence d'un élément rayonnant est élevée, plus le centre de phase de l'élément rayonnant est proche de la lentille,
- la lentille est configurée pour transformer une onde quasi-plane reçue de la cible en une onde sphérique, l'onde sphérique étant émise vers la source d'antenne d'aide à l'acquisition,
- la lentille est formée dans au moins un bloc de matériau, le matériau présentant une densité comprise entre 1,05 et 1,15, et une permittivité relative (ou constante diélectrique) comprise entre 2,5 et 2,7,
- le matériau formant la lentille est un matériau polymérique, de préférence un matériau à base de polystyrène,
- la source d'antenne principale et la source d'antenne d'aide à l'acquisition sont identiques entre elles.
- the lens makes it possible to reduce the opening angle of the main lobe of the antenna source of assistance in acquiring a third angle / second angle quotient of between 1 / 6.5 and 1 / 3.25,
- the acquisition aid antenna source comprises several radiating assemblies, each radiating assembly being suitable for receiving radiation in a given frequency band, different from the frequency bands received by the other radiating assemblies, and in which the set radiating in the lowest frequency range has a phase center located at the focal point of the lens,
- the other radiating assemblies have phase centers located on an optical axis of the lens while being offset with respect to the focal point of the lens,
- the radiating elements are arranged so that the higher the frequency range of a radiating element, the closer the phase center of the radiating element is to the lens,
- the lens is configured to transform a quasi-plane wave received from the target into a spherical wave, the spherical wave being emitted towards the source of antenna for acquisition aid,
- the lens is formed in at least one block of material, the material having a density between 1.05 and 1.15, and a relative permittivity (or dielectric constant) between 2.5 and 2.7,
- the material forming the lens is a polymeric material, preferably a polystyrene-based material,
- the main antenna source and the acquisition aid antenna source are identical to each other.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages ressortiront encore de la description qui suit, laquelle est purement illustrative et non limitative, et doit être lue en regard des figures annexées, parmi lesquelles :
- les
figures 1 et 2 représentent de manière schématique un système d'antenne pour le suivi d'une cible en mouvement, conforme à un mode de réalisation de l'invention, - la
figure 3 représente de manière schématique, en coupe longitudinale, un dispositif d'antenne d'aide à l'acquisition, - la
figure 4 représente de manière schématique, en coupe longitudinale, une lentille du dispositif d'aide à l'acquisition, - la
figure 5 représente de manière schématique le paramétrage de la lentille du dispositif d'antenne d'aide à l'acquisition.
- the
Figures 1 and 2 schematically represent an antenna system for tracking a moving target, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention, - the
figure 3 schematically represents, in longitudinal section, an antenna device for assisting in acquisition, - the
figure 4 schematically represents, in longitudinal section, a lens of the acquisition aid device, - the
figure 5 schematically represents the configuration of the lens of the acquisition aid antenna device.
Sur la
Le dispositif d'antenne principal 2 comprend une source d'antenne principale 4 et un réflecteur parabolique 5. La source d'antenne principale 4 est positionnée au foyer du réflecteur parabolique 5. La source d'antenne principale 4 est maintenue dans cette position par un support 6 permettant de fixer la source d'antenne principale 4 sur le réflecteur parabolique 5.The
La source d'antenne principale 4 peut être une source multibande, par exemple une source multibande telle que décrite dans le document
La source d'antenne principale 4 est propre à éclairer le réflecteur parabolique 5 avec un angle d'ouverture à -10dB a d'environ 70 degrés autour de l'axe principale de réception X1 de la source 4. Ainsi, la source d'antenne principale 4 éclaire sensiblement la totalité de la surface réfléchissante du réflecteur parabolique 5.The main antenna source 4 is able to illuminate the
Le réflecteur parabolique 5 est propre à réfléchir un rayonnement émis par une cible vers la source 4 avec un angle d'ouverture à -10dB β compris entre 2 et 8 degrés.The
Le dispositif d'antenne auxiliaire 3 (appelé « dispositif d'antenne d'aide à l'acquisition ») est disposé à côté du dispositif d'antenne principal 2. Le dispositif d'antenne d'aide à l'acquisition 3 est monté fixe sur le dispositif d'antenne principale 2. Ainsi, lors du suivi d'une cible en mouvement, les deux dispositifs 2 et 3 sont entrainés ensemble, selon un déplacement identique.The auxiliary antenna device 3 (called “acquisition aid antenna device”) is arranged next to the
Le dispositif d'antenne d'aide à l'acquisition 3 comprend une source d'antenne d'aide à l'acquisition 7, un support de lentille 8 et une lentille 9.The acquisition
Le système d'antenne 1 comprend également un bras de support 10 reliant le dispositif d'antenne d'aide à l'acquisition 3 au dispositif d'antenne principale 2. Le bras de support 10 est fixé d'une part au réflecteur parabolique 5 du dispositif d'antenne principale 2 et d'autre part au carter de la source d'antenne d'aide à l'acquisition 7. Le bras de support 10 maintient le dispositif d'antenne d'aide à l'acquisition 3 dans une position fixe par rapport au dispositif d'antenne principale 2. Ainsi, au cours de l'acquisition de signaux de télémesure, le dispositif d'antenne d'aide à l'acquisition 3 et le dispositif d'antenne principal 2 sont déplacés simultanément, de manière identique.The antenna system 1 also comprises a
Dans le mode de réalisation illustré sur les
Cette caractéristique présente l'avantage de ne pas nécessiter un développement spécifique pour la source d'antenne d'aide à l'acquisition. De cette manière, la source d'aide à l'acquisition présente les mêmes caractéristiques de bandes de fréquences, de polarisation et de diagrammes (somme et différence) que la source d'antenne principale. De plus, en cas de panne de la source d'antenne principale, la source d'antenne d'aide à l'acquisition peut être utilisée de manière provisoire comme source d'antenne principale.This characteristic has the advantage of not requiring specific development for the acquisition aid antenna source. In this way, the acquisition aid source has the same characteristics of frequency bands, polarization and diagrams (sum and difference) as the main antenna source. In addition, in the event of failure of the main antenna source, the acquisition aid antenna source can be used temporarily as the main antenna source.
Le dispositif d'antenne d'aide à l'acquisition est illustré plus précisément sur la
La source d'antenne d'aide à l'acquisition 7 présente un axe principal de réception X2, parallèle à l'axe principal de réception X1 de la source d'antenne principale.The acquisition
La source d'antenne d'aide à l'acquisition 7 comprend une pluralité d'ensemble rayonnants 11 à 16 propres à générer un rayonnement respectivement dans les bandes de fréquence C, S et L. Chaque ensemble rayonnant 11 à 16 est propre à recevoir un rayonnement selon un premier diagramme de réception présentant un lobe principal de réception orienté selon l'axe principal de réception X2.The acquisition
Plus précisément, les ensembles rayonnants comprennent :
- un premier ensemble
rayonnant delta 11 propre à recevoir un rayonnement delta dans la première bande de fréquence L, - un premier ensemble
rayonnant sigma 12 propre à recevoir un rayonnement sigma dans la première bande de fréquence L, - un deuxième ensemble
rayonnant delta 13 propre à recevoir un rayonnement delta dans la deuxième bande de fréquence S, - un deuxième ensemble
rayonnant sigma 14 propre à recevoir un rayonnement sigma dans la deuxième bande de fréquence S, - un troisième ensemble
rayonnant delta 15 propre à recevoir un rayonnement delta dans la troisième bande de fréquence C, et - un troisième ensemble
rayonnant sigma 16 propre à recevoir un rayonnement sigma dans la troisième bande de fréquence C.
- a first
delta radiating assembly 11 suitable for receiving delta radiation in the first frequency band L, - a first
sigma radiating assembly 12 capable of receiving sigma radiation in the first frequency band L, - a second
delta radiating assembly 13 capable of receiving delta radiation in the second frequency band S, - a second
sigma radiating assembly 14 capable of receiving sigma radiation in the second frequency band S, - a third
delta radiating assembly 15 capable of receiving delta radiation in the third frequency band C, and - a third
sigma radiating assembly 16 suitable for receiving sigma radiation in the third frequency band C.
Dans chacune des bandes de fréquence L, S et C, le lobe principal de réception présente un angle d'ouverture γ. Par angle d'ouverture γ, on désigne l'angle d'ouverture de la source d'antenne d'aide à l'acquisition 7 seule, sans la lentille 9. L'angle d'ouverture γ est d'environ 130 degrés à - 10dB.In each of the frequency bands L, S and C, the main reception lobe has an opening angle γ. By opening angle γ, we mean the opening angle of the acquisition
La lentille 9 est positionnée sur l'axe principal de réception X2 de la source d'antenne d'aide à l'acquisition 7, l'axe optique de la lentille 9 étant confondu avec l'axe principal de réception de la source 7. La lentille 9 est disposée par rapport à la source d'antenne d'aide à l'acquisition 7 de sorte que la source reçoit la totalité du rayonnement transmis par la lentille.The
La lentille 9 est une lentille convergente présentant une première surface convexe 17 (appelée également «surface intérieure») et une deuxième surface convexe 18 (appelée également « surface extérieure »), opposée à la première surface convexe 17. La première surface convexe 17 est dirigée vers la source 7. La deuxième surface convexe 18 est dirigée vers une cible à détecter. La lentille 9 est configurée pour concentrer le rayonnement émis par la cible vers la source d'antenne d'aide à l'acquisition 7, de manière à obtenir un diagramme de réception du dispositif d'antenne d'aide à l'acquisition présentant un lobe principal de réception ayant un angle d'ouverture δ inférieur à l'angle d'ouverture γ.The
Plus précisément, la lentille 9 est dimensionnée pour diminuer l'angle d'ouverture du lobe principal avec un quotient δ/γ compris entre 1/6,5 et 1/3,25. L'angle δ est ainsi compris entre 20 et 40 degrés à -10 dB (en fonction de la bande de fréquence considérée).More specifically, the
Le support de lentille 8 permet de monter la lentille 9 fixe par rapport à la source d'antenne d'aide à l'acquisition 7. Le support de lentille 8 présente une forme générale tubulaire. Le support de lentille 8 comprend une paroi 19 de forme générale cylindrique de révolution définissant une première ouverture 21 et une deuxième ouverture 22. Le support de lentille 8 est fixé d'une part à la source d'aide à l'acquisition 7, la source s'étendant à travers la première ouverture 21, et d'autre part à la lentille 9, la lentille 9 obstruant la deuxième ouverture 22.The
La lentille 9 présente un foyer ponctuel. L'ensemble rayonnant dans la gamme de fréquences la plus basse (en l'espèce, l'ensemble 12 rayonnant dans la bande L) a son centre de phase situé au foyer de la lentille 9. En revanche, les ensembles rayonnants dans les autres gammes de fréquences (en l'espèce, les ensembles 14 et 16 rayonnant dans les bandes S et C) ont des centres de phase situés sur l'axe optique de la lentille 9 en étant décalés par rapport au foyer de la lentille 9. Les ensembles rayonnants 12, 14 et 16 sont disposés de sorte que plus la gamme de fréquence d'un ensemble rayonnant est élevée, plus le centre de phase de l'ensemble rayonnant est éloigné du foyer de la lentille 9 et proche de la première surface 17 de la lentille 9. Ainsi, les centres de phase des éléments rayonnants dans les gammes de fréquence les plus élevées (en l'espèce, les ensembles 14 et 16 rayonnant dans les bandes S et C) sont situés entre le foyer de la lentille 9 et la lentille 9.The
En contrôlant la position des centres de phase des ensembles rayonnants 12, 14 et 16 par rapport au foyer de la lentille 9, il est possible d'ajuster l'angle d'ouverture δ, pour chacune des gammes de fréquences L, S et C, sur une bande passante de 2 octaves. En particulier, les ensembles rayonnants 12, 14 et 16 peuvent être disposés le long de l'axe optique de la lentille de manière à minimiser la variation de l'angle d'ouverture δ en fonction de la gamme de fréquences de réception L, S et C.By controlling the position of the phase centers of the radiating
La lentille 9 est dimensionnée pour transformer une onde quasi-plane reçue de la cible en une onde sphérique, l'onde sphérique étant émise vers la source d'antenne 7, dans la gamme de fréquences la plus basse (en l'espèce, la bande L).The
Comme illustré sur les
Le matériau formant la lentille 9 est un matériau diélectrique, tel qu'un matériau polymérique, présentant de faibles pertes diélectriques (tangente de perte < 0,0007 à 10 GHz) dans les gammes de fréquence de réception de la source d'aide à l'acquisition et un indice de réfraction supérieur à 1,5. Le matériau polymérique peut être un matériau à base de polystyrène et d'hydrocarbure. Un exemple de matériau approprié est un matériau commercialisé sous la dénomination Rexolite® par la société San Diego Plastics, Inc., obtenu par réticulation d'un polystyrène avec un divinylbenzène.The material forming the
Néanmoins, d'autres matériaux polymériques pourraient être utilisés, tels que du polytétrafluoroéthylène expansé par exemple.However, other polymeric materials could be used, such as expanded polytetrafluoroethylene for example.
Dans l'exemple illustré sur les
La
On définit les paramètres suivants :
- D : diamètre de la lentille,
- O 1 : foyer de la lentille,
- O 2 : point de calcul à distance quasi-infini (grande par rapport à la distance L 0),
- L 0 : distance entre le foyer O 1 et la première surface convexe 17,
- L 0' : distance entre le point O 2 et la première surface convexe 17 (L 0' est une distance arbitraire très supérieure à la distance L 0, par exemple
- T : épaisseur de la lentille,
-
-
- T 1dB : niveau du champ de l'onde incidente au bord de la lentille
- T 2dB : niveau du champ de l'onde réfractée au bord de la lentille
- n : indice du matériau formant la lentille.
- D : diameter of the lens,
- O 1 : focal point of the lens,
- O 2 : calculation point at almost infinite distance (large compared to the distance L 0 ),
- L 0 : distance between the focal point O 1 and the first
convex surface 17, - L 0 ': distance between point O 2 and the first convex surface 17 ( L 0 ' is an arbitrary distance much greater than the distance L 0 , for example
- T : thickness of the lens,
-
-
- T 1 dB : level of the incident wave field at the edge of the lens
- T 2 dB : level of the field of the refracted wave at the edge of the lens
- n : index of the material forming the lens.
Pour obtenir un gain maximum, les deux conditions suivantes doivent être remplies :
- 1/ la lentille est collimatrice, c'est-à-dire que les rayons incidents parallèles sont focalisés sur la source, cela implique que |L 0'| >> |L 0| et
- 2/ la répartition d'amplitude du champ électromagnétique dans l'ouverture rayonnante en entrée de la lentille est la plus uniforme possible, cela implique que
- 1 / the lens is collimating, that is to say that the parallel incident rays are focused on the source, this implies that | L 0 '| >> | L 0 | and
- 2 / the amplitude distribution of the electromagnetic field in the radiating opening at the input of the lens is as uniform as possible, this implies that
On définit un point M 1, de coordonnées (x 1,z 1), comme un point d'intersection d'un rayon avec la première surface 17 de la lentille, et un point M 2, de coordonnées (x 2,z 2), un point d'intersection du même rayon avec la deuxième surface 18 de la lentille.We define a point M 1 , with coordinates ( x 1 , z 1 ), as a point of intersection of a ray with the
Les coordonnées des points M 1 et M 2 vérifient l'équation différentielle suivante :
Avec les conditions initiales suivantes :
La résolution de l'équation différentielle peut être réalisée par une méthode de Runge Kutta, d'ordre 4.The resolution of the differential equation can be carried out by a method of Runge Kutta, of order 4.
La résolution de l'équation différentielle conduit à l'obtention de deux séries de points M 1 et M 2 (chaque point étant défini par ses coordonnées (x 1,z 1) et (x 2,z 2)) de la première surface 17 et de la deuxième surface 18 de la lentille.Solving the differential equation leads to two sets of points M 1 and M 2 (each point being defined by its coordinates ( x 1 , z 1 ) and ( x 2 , z 2 )) of the
A partir de chaque série de points, il est possible de calculer une équation de la surface correspondante de la lentille. L'équation de la surface peut être calculée sous la forme d'un polynôme, par interpolation de la série de points.From each series of points, it is possible to calculate an equation of the corresponding surface of the lens. The surface equation can be calculated as a polynomial, by interpolating the series of points.
La lentille est ainsi spécifiquement conformée pour présenter une distance focale ajustée aux différents centres de phase de chaque sous-bande de la source, ce qui permet d'atteindre un excellent rendement aux fréquences même les plus faibles. Le diamètre de l'antenne d'aide à l'acquisition est ainsi minimisé, de même que son poids.The lens is thus specifically shaped to have a focal distance adjusted to the different phase centers of each sub-band of the source, which makes it possible to achieve excellent efficiency at even the lowest frequencies. The diameter of the acquisition aid antenna is thus minimized, as is its weight.
Par exemple, une lentille de 30 à 40 centimètres de diamètre peut couvrir simultanément les bandes L, S et C de la télémesure avec le bon angle d'ouverture et des lobes secondaires réduits.For example, a lens 30 to 40 centimeters in diameter can simultaneously cover the L, S and C bands of telemetry with the right opening angle and reduced side lobes.
L'utilisation d'une lentille disposée dans le faisceau de réception de la source d'antenne d'aide à l'acquisition permet d'ajuster l'angle d'ouverture du dispositif d'antenne d'aide à l'acquisition, et permet d'obtenir un bon rendement tout en présentant un encombrement réduit.The use of a lens disposed in the reception beam of the acquisition aid antenna source makes it possible to adjust the opening angle of the acquisition aid antenna device, and provides good performance while having a reduced footprint.
La source multi-bandes à base d'éléments rayonnants différenciés est une solution qui confère de bons facteurs de mérite à l'antenne principale.The multi-band source based on differentiated radiating elements is a solution which gives good merit factors to the main antenna.
Le système proposé permet d'utiliser une source d'antenne d'aide à l'acquisition identique à la source d'antenne principale. La réutilisation de la source d'antenne principale pour l'acquisition permet de simplifier la conception et la maintenance du système d'antenne, même s'il demeure possible d'utiliser des sources différentes.The proposed system allows the use of an acquisition aid antenna source identical to the main antenna source. Reusing the main antenna source for acquisition simplifies the design and maintenance of the antenna system, although it is still possible to use different sources.
La topologie du dispositif de poursuite est ainsi identique pour les deux antennes.The topology of the tracking device is thus identical for the two antennas.
Claims (9)
- An antenna system (1) for monitoring a moving target, comprising:• a main antenna device (2) comprising:- a parabolic reflector (5) capable of reflecting radiation emitted by a target according to a first reception diagram having a main reception lobe having a first aperture angle (β),- a main antenna source (4) capable of receiving the radiation reflected by the parabolic reflector (5), and• an acquisition aid antenna device (3) fixedly mounted relative to the main antenna device (2), comprising an acquisition aid antenna source (7) capable of receiving radiation emitted by a target according to a second reception diagram having a main reception lobe having a second aperture angle (γ),characterized in that the acquisition aid antenna source (7) is multiband and in that the acquisition aid antenna device (3) further comprises a lens (9) disposed in the main reception lobe of the acquisition aid antenna source (7) for concentrating the radiation received from the target to the antenna source (7), so as to receive the radiation emitted by the target according to a third reception diagram having a main reception lobe having a third aperture angle (δ) less than the second aperture angle (γ) and greater than the first aperture angle (β).
- The system according to claim 1, wherein the lens (9) reduces the aperture angle of the main lobe of the acquisition aid antenna source by a third angle / second angle quotient between 1/3.25 and 1/6.5.
- The system according to one of claims 1 and 2, wherein the acquisition aid antenna source (7) comprises several radiating assemblies (12, 14, 16), each radiating assembly (12, 14, 16) being capable of receiving radiation in a given frequency band, and wherein the radiating assembly (12) in the lowest frequency range has a phase center located at the focus of the lens (9).
- The system according to claim 3, wherein the other radiating assemblies (14, 16) have phase centers located on an optical axis of the lens (9) and being offset relative to the focus of the lens (9).
- The system according to claim 4, wherein the radiating elements (11-16) are disposed such that the higher the frequency range of a radiating element, the closer the phase center of the radiating element is to the lens (9).
- The system according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the lens (9) is configured to transform an almost-planar wave received from the target into a spherical wave, the spherical wave being transmitted towards the acquisition aid antenna source (7).
- The system according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the lens (9) is formed in at least one block of material, the material having a density between 1.05 and 1.15, and relative permittivity between 2.5 and 2.7.
- The system according to claim 7, wherein the material forming the lens (9) is a polymer material, preferably a polystyrene-based material.
- The system according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the main antenna source (4) and the acquisition aid antenna source (7) are identical to each other.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1560104A FR3042917B1 (en) | 2015-10-22 | 2015-10-22 | ACQUISITION ASSIST ANTENNA DEVICE AND ANTENNA SYSTEM FOR TRACKING A MOVING TARGET ASSOCIATED WITH |
PCT/EP2016/075454 WO2017068155A1 (en) | 2015-10-22 | 2016-10-21 | Acquisition aid antenna device and associated antenna system for monitoring a moving target |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3365943A1 EP3365943A1 (en) | 2018-08-29 |
EP3365943B1 true EP3365943B1 (en) | 2020-01-15 |
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EP16784538.7A Active EP3365943B1 (en) | 2015-10-22 | 2016-10-21 | Acquisition aid antenna device and associated antenna system for monitoring a moving target |
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- 2016-10-21 US US15/769,574 patent/US10700407B2/en active Active
- 2016-10-21 EP EP16784538.7A patent/EP3365943B1/en active Active
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WO2017068155A1 (en) | 2017-04-27 |
IL258834A (en) | 2018-06-28 |
US20180358682A1 (en) | 2018-12-13 |
FR3042917A1 (en) | 2017-04-28 |
FR3042917B1 (en) | 2018-12-07 |
IL258834B (en) | 2019-06-30 |
EP3365943A1 (en) | 2018-08-29 |
US10700407B2 (en) | 2020-06-30 |
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