EP0534862A1 - An electronic scanning antenna - Google Patents

An electronic scanning antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0534862A1
EP0534862A1 EP92402640A EP92402640A EP0534862A1 EP 0534862 A1 EP0534862 A1 EP 0534862A1 EP 92402640 A EP92402640 A EP 92402640A EP 92402640 A EP92402640 A EP 92402640A EP 0534862 A1 EP0534862 A1 EP 0534862A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
antenna according
plane
directions
scanning
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP92402640A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0534862B1 (en
Inventor
Bruno Vidal Saint-Andre
Thierry Dusseux
Gilles Drouin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcatel Espace Industries SA
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Alcatel Espace Industries SA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0534862A1 publication Critical patent/EP0534862A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0534862B1 publication Critical patent/EP0534862B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
    • H01Q19/062—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens for focusing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
    • H01Q19/17—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave the primary radiating source comprising two or more radiating elements
    • H01Q19/175—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave the primary radiating source comprising two or more radiating elements arrayed along the focal line of a cylindrical focusing surface
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an antenna with electronic scanning, on board a mobile vehicle, for example an airplane, a satellite, etc., along a trajectory situated in a plane, and comprising at least two simultaneous directions of sight situated in said plane.
  • the invention relates in particular, but not exclusively, to a radar type antenna on board a scrolling satellite to allow terrestrial observation.
  • the secondary lobe purity must be greater than 30 dB.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to produce an electronic scanning antenna making it possible to obtain the specificities of the desired secondary lobe.
  • said antenna comprises a scanning direction perpendicular to the plane containing the trajectory of the satellite.
  • the antenna may advantageously include the focusing means produced from a generative shape making it possible to favor at least two directions in the plane of the trajectory of the satellite and extended to a cylindrical shape in space by translation in the scanning direction. ; and means of transmission which are linear networks.
  • the invention thus consists in carrying out an optimization of a two-dimensional curve, and in extending it in three dimensions by a cylindrical projection, by making it possible to separate the means of action in the first two directions relative to those of the third direction.
  • the invention makes it possible to improve the radioelectric performance of the antennas of the known art for beam deflections possibly very far from the Nadir (several tens of beam widths).
  • the antenna according to the invention is, as indicated above, particularly suitable for being used as a radar antenna on board a traveling satellite used for terrestrial observation.
  • the antenna 10, as shown in FIG. 1 is, for example, on board a traveling satellite 11, the trajectory 12 of which is situated in a plane 13. It delivers two brushes 14 and 15: a brush 14 front located for example at 15 ° with respect to the Nadir 16 in the direction of travel of the satellite 11, and a rear brush 15 situated for example at 15 ° with respect to the Nadir 16 in the direction opposite to that of the travel of the satellite.
  • This antenna 10 also makes it possible to scan the terrestrial zones 17 and 18 situated in front and behind of said satellite in a direction 19 perpendicular to the plane 13.
  • the antenna as shown in Figure 2 is a reflector 10 ′ which has a generative shape making it possible to optimize its performance in two directions 14 and 15.
  • the scanning is carried out in this direction using two phased linear networks 20 and 21 located at the pseudo-foci of this reflector.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the fact that the antenna of the invention also works in transmission. It then takes the form of a 10 ⁇ lens.
  • This lens may be passive or active, dielectric or metallic.
  • the scanning function in direction 19 can be replaced by an equivalent function of reconfigurable formed lobe (known as "fan beam” in English), in the same direction 19.

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an electronic scanning antenna aboard a craft (11) moving along a path (12) located in a plane (13), and including at least two simultaneous directions of aim (14, 15) located in the said plane; this antenna comprising a scanning direction (19) perpendicular to this plane (13). Application in particular to the field of terrestrial observation by satellite. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne une antenne à balayage électronique, embarquée sur un engin mobile, par exemple un avion, un satellite..., selon une trajectoire située dans un plan, et comportant au moins deux directions de visée simultanées situées dans ledit plan.The present invention relates to an antenna with electronic scanning, on board a mobile vehicle, for example an airplane, a satellite, etc., along a trajectory situated in a plane, and comprising at least two simultaneous directions of sight situated in said plane.

L'invention concerne en particulier, mais non pas exclusivement, une antenne de type radar embarquée à bord d'un satellite à défilement pour permettre une observation terrestre.The invention relates in particular, but not exclusively, to a radar type antenna on board a scrolling satellite to allow terrestrial observation.

Un article intitulé "Stereoradar meteorology : a promising technique to observe precipitation from a mobile platform" de J. Testud, Z. Amayenc et M. Marzoug (CNET-CNRS ; 1988 ; CRPE (centre de recherche en physique de l'environnement) /162) décrit une antenne utilisée en météorologie, qui est un "stéréo" radar, c'est-à-dire un radar à deux pinceaux, embarquée dans un satellite à orbite circulaire d'altitude située entre 500 à 700 kilomètres. Les deux pinceaux sont des pinceaux étroits pointés de 15 à 20° du Nadir, l'un en avant, l'autre en arrière de celui-ci. Du fait du déplacement du satellite les deux pinceaux balayent le même plan vertical qui passe par l'orbite du satellite, et permettent une analyse du paysage dans la troposhère sous deux angles différents.An article entitled "Stereoradar meteorology: a promising technique to observe precipitation from a mobile platform" by J. Testud, Z. Amayenc and M. Marzoug (CNET-CNRS; 1988; CRPE (research center in environmental physics) / 162) describes an antenna used in meteorology, which is a "stereo" radar, that is to say a radar with two brushes, on board a satellite with circular orbit of altitude situated between 500 to 700 kilometers. The two brushes are narrow brushes pointed 15 to 20 ° from the Nadir, one in front, the other behind it. Due to the displacement of the satellite the two brushes scan the same vertical plane which passes through the orbit of the satellite, and allow an analysis of the landscape in the troposphere from two different angles.

Mais avec un tel radar à réflecteur ou à lentille on n'arrive pas à obtenir les spécificités de lobe secondaire désirées sans déplacer l'antenne ; La pureté de lobe secondaire devant être supérieure à 30 dB.But with such a reflector or lens radar it is not possible to obtain the specificities of the secondary lobe desired without moving the antenna; The secondary lobe purity must be greater than 30 dB.

Le but de la présente invention est donc de réaliser une antenne à balayage électronique permettant d'obtenir les spécificités de lobe secondaire désirées.The object of the present invention is therefore to produce an electronic scanning antenna making it possible to obtain the specificities of the desired secondary lobe.

Conformément à la présente invention, ladite antenne comprend une direction de balayage perpendiculaire au plan contenant la trajectoire du satellite.According to the present invention, said antenna comprises a scanning direction perpendicular to the plane containing the trajectory of the satellite.

L'antenne peut comporter avantageusement les moyens de focalisation réalisés à partir d'une forme génératrice permettant de privilégier au moins deux directions dans le plan de la trajectoire du satellite et étendue à une forme cylindrique dans l'espace par translation selon la direction de balayage; et des moyens de transmission qui sont des réseaux linéaires. Avantageusement l'invention consiste ainsi à réaliser une optimisation d'une courbe à deux dimensions, et de la prolonger en trois dimensions par une projection cylindrique, en permettant de séparer les moyens d'actions dans les deux premières directions par rapport à ceux de la troisième direction.The antenna may advantageously include the focusing means produced from a generative shape making it possible to favor at least two directions in the plane of the trajectory of the satellite and extended to a cylindrical shape in space by translation in the scanning direction. ; and means of transmission which are linear networks. Advantageously, the invention thus consists in carrying out an optimization of a two-dimensional curve, and in extending it in three dimensions by a cylindrical projection, by making it possible to separate the means of action in the first two directions relative to those of the third direction.

L'invention permet d'améliorer les performances radioélectriques des antennes de l'art connu pour des débattements de faisceaux éventuellement très éloignés du Nadir (plusieurs dizaines de largeurs de faisceaux).The invention makes it possible to improve the radioelectric performance of the antennas of the known art for beam deflections possibly very far from the Nadir (several tens of beam widths).

L'antenne selon l'invention est, comme indiqué ci-dessus, particulièrement adaptée à être utilisée comme antenne radar à bord d'un satellite à défilement utilisée pour une observation terrestre.The antenna according to the invention is, as indicated above, particularly suitable for being used as a radar antenna on board a traveling satellite used for terrestrial observation.

L'invention va être décrite de façon plus détaillée ci-après à l'aide de la description et des dessins annexés.The invention will be described in more detail below with the aid of the description and the appended drawings.

Sur ces dessins :

  • La figure 1 est une représentation schématique d'une antenne à balayage électronique selon l'invention embarquée sur un engin spatial; cette représentation illustrant le fonctionnement de ladite antenne;
  • La figure 2 est une représentation schématique d'un premier exemple de réalisation de ladite antenne;
  • La figure 3 est une représentation schématique d'un second exemple de réalisation de ladite antenne.
In these drawings:
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of an electronic scanning antenna according to the invention on board a spacecraft; this representation illustrating the operation of said antenna;
  • Figure 2 is a schematic representation of a first embodiment of said antenna;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic representation of a second embodiment of said antenna.

L'antenne 10, telle que représentée sur la figure 1 est, à titre d'exemple, embarquée sur un satellite à défilement 11, dont la trajectoire 12 est située dans un plan 13. Elle délivre deux pinceaux 14 et 15 : un pinceau 14 avant situé par exemple à 15° par rapport au Nadir 16 dans le sens du défilement du satellite 11, et un pinceau arrière 15 situé par exemple à 15° par rapport au Nadir 16 dans le sens opposé à celui du défilement du satellite.The antenna 10, as shown in FIG. 1 is, for example, on board a traveling satellite 11, the trajectory 12 of which is situated in a plane 13. It delivers two brushes 14 and 15: a brush 14 front located for example at 15 ° with respect to the Nadir 16 in the direction of travel of the satellite 11, and a rear brush 15 situated for example at 15 ° with respect to the Nadir 16 in the direction opposite to that of the travel of the satellite.

Cette antenne 10 permet de plus de balayer les zones terrestres 17 et 18 situées en avant et en arrière dudit satellite selon une direction 19 perpendiculaire au plan 13.This antenna 10 also makes it possible to scan the terrestrial zones 17 and 18 situated in front and behind of said satellite in a direction 19 perpendicular to the plane 13.

L'antenne telle que représentée sur la figure 2 est un réflecteur 10′ qui possède une forme génératrice permettant d'optimiser ses performances dans deux directions 14 et 15.The antenna as shown in Figure 2 is a reflector 10 ′ which has a generative shape making it possible to optimize its performance in two directions 14 and 15.

On prolonge ensuite cette forme par translation selon la direction 19.This shape is then extended by translation in direction 19.

On réalise le balayage selon cette direction à l'aide de deux réseaux linéaires phasés 20 et 21 situés aux pseudo-foyers de ce réflecteur.The scanning is carried out in this direction using two phased linear networks 20 and 21 located at the pseudo-foci of this reflector.

La réalisation de la figure 3 permet d'illustrer le fait que l'antenne de l'invention fonctionne aussi en transmission. Elle prend alors la forme d'une lentille 10˝. Cette lentille peut-être passive ou active, diélectrique ou métallique.The embodiment of FIG. 3 illustrates the fact that the antenna of the invention also works in transmission. It then takes the form of a 10˝ lens. This lens may be passive or active, dielectric or metallic.

Son avantage par rapport à la solution de la figure 2 est la suppression de l'ombre du faisceau radioélectrique créée par les réseaux 20 et 21 après réflexion sur le réflecteur 10, et de son effet néfaste sur les performances de l'antenne.Its advantage compared to the solution of FIG. 2 is the removal of the shadow of the radio beam created by the networks 20 and 21 after reflection on the reflector 10, and of its harmful effect on the performance of the antenna.

L'antenne de l'invention présente donc l'avantage de séparer deux moyens d'actions sur les performances de l'antenne :

  • la forme du réflecteur 10′ ou de la lentille 10˝ dans le plan 13 permet de priviligier un nombre fini de directions ici deux;
  • les réseaux linéaires 20 et 21 placés aux pseudo-foyers permettant d'obtenir des zones linéaires de balayage à partir de plusieurs directions privilégiées ici deux.
The antenna of the invention therefore has the advantage of separating two means of action on the performance of the antenna:
  • the shape of the reflector 10 ′ or the lens 10˝ in the plane 13 makes it possible to favor a finite number of directions here two;
  • the linear networks 20 and 21 placed at the pseudo-homes making it possible to obtain linear scanning zones from several preferred directions here two.

Il est bien entendu que la présente invention n'a été décrite et représentée qu'à titre d'exemple préférentiel et que l'on pourra remplacer ses éléments constitutifs par des éléments équivalents sans, pour autant, sortir du cadre de l'invention.It is understood that the present invention has only been described and shown as a preferred example and that its constituent elements can be replaced by equivalent elements without, however, departing from the scope of the invention.

Par exemple, la fonction balayage dans la direction 19 peut être remplacée par une fonction équivalente de lobe formé reconfigurable (dit "fan beam" en anglais), selon la même direction 19.For example, the scanning function in direction 19 can be replaced by an equivalent function of reconfigurable formed lobe (known as "fan beam" in English), in the same direction 19.

Claims (10)

1) Antenne à balayage électronique, embarquée sur un engin mobile (11) selon une trajectoire (12) située dans un plan (13), comportant au moins deux directions de visée simultanées (14, 15) situées dans ledit plan; ladite antenne étant caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend une direction de balayage (19) perpendiculaire à ce plan (13). 1) Antenna with electronic scanning, on board a mobile machine (11) along a trajectory (12) located in a plane (13), comprising at least two simultaneous sighting directions (14, 15) located in said plane; said antenna being characterized in that it comprises a scanning direction (19) perpendicular to this plane (13). 2) Antenne selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend des aryens de focalisation (10) et des moyens de transmission (20, 21) couplés auxdits moyens de focalisation. 2) Antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises focusing aryans (10) and transmission means (20, 21) coupled to said focusing means. 3) Antenne selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que les moyens de focalisation (10) sont réalisés à partir d'une forme génératrice permettant de privilégier au moins deux directions dans le plan de la trajectoire étendue à une forme cylindrique dans l'espace par translation selon la direction de balayage (19). 3) Antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that the focusing means (10) are produced from a generative shape making it possible to favor at least two directions in the plane of the trajectory extended to a cylindrical shape in space by translation in the scanning direction (19). 4) Antenne selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que les moyens de transmission sont des réseaux linéaires (20, 21). 4) Antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that the transmission means are linear networks (20, 21). 5) Antenne selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que les moyens de focalisation comprennent un réflecteur (10′). 5) Antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that the focusing means comprise a reflector (10 ′). 6) Antenne selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que les moyens de focalisation comprennent une lentille (10˝). 6) Antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that the focusing means comprise a lens (10˝). 7) Antenne selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que l'antenne est une antenne radar. 7) Antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the antenna is a radar antenna. 8) Antenne selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que l'engin spatial mobile est un satellite à défilement. 8) An antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the mobile spacecraft is a scrolling satellite. 9) Antenne selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le nombre de directions privilégié est deux, et en ce que ladite antenne est une antenne radar utilisée pour une observation terrestre. 9) Antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the preferred number of directions is two, and in that said antenna is a radar antenna used for terrestrial observation. 10) Antenne selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la fonction balayage dans la direction 19 est remplacée par une fonction lobe formé reconfigurable (fan beam) dans cette même direction. 10) Antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the scanning function in direction 19 is replaced by a reconfigurable lobe formed function (fan beam) in this same direction.
EP19920402640 1991-09-26 1992-09-25 An electronic scanning antenna Expired - Lifetime EP0534862B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9111876 1991-09-26
FR9111876A FR2681982B1 (en) 1991-09-26 1991-09-26 ELECTRONIC SCANNING ANTENNA.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0534862A1 true EP0534862A1 (en) 1993-03-31
EP0534862B1 EP0534862B1 (en) 1996-04-24

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EP19920402640 Expired - Lifetime EP0534862B1 (en) 1991-09-26 1992-09-25 An electronic scanning antenna

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EP (1) EP0534862B1 (en)
CA (1) CA2079193A1 (en)
DE (1) DE69210154D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2681982B1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0640844A1 (en) * 1993-08-23 1995-03-01 Alcatel Espace Electronically scanning dual beam antenna
US10050726B2 (en) 2014-02-11 2018-08-14 Vega Grieshaber Kg Fill level and topology determination

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3191170A (en) * 1963-01-07 1965-06-22 Gen Instrument Corp Contour mapping system
GB1425142A (en) * 1973-04-03 1976-02-18 Hazeltine Corp Antenna system for radiating multiple planar beams
US4315262A (en) * 1979-04-26 1982-02-09 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Satellite communication system with a plurality of limited scan spot beams
FR2529347A1 (en) * 1982-06-29 1983-12-30 Europ Agence Spatiale REMOTE SENSING METHOD WITH LOW ENERGY CONSUMPTION
EP0389111A2 (en) * 1989-03-21 1990-09-26 British Aerospace Public Limited Company A synthetic aperture radar assembly and a method of creating a radar image of a planet surface using such an assembly

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3191170A (en) * 1963-01-07 1965-06-22 Gen Instrument Corp Contour mapping system
GB1425142A (en) * 1973-04-03 1976-02-18 Hazeltine Corp Antenna system for radiating multiple planar beams
US4315262A (en) * 1979-04-26 1982-02-09 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Satellite communication system with a plurality of limited scan spot beams
FR2529347A1 (en) * 1982-06-29 1983-12-30 Europ Agence Spatiale REMOTE SENSING METHOD WITH LOW ENERGY CONSUMPTION
EP0389111A2 (en) * 1989-03-21 1990-09-26 British Aerospace Public Limited Company A synthetic aperture radar assembly and a method of creating a radar image of a planet surface using such an assembly

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
HUANG J., YAHYA RAHMAT-SAMII.: "FAN BEAM GENERATED BY A LINEAR-ARRAY FED PARABOLIC REFLECTOR.", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION., IEEE SERVICE CENTER, PISCATAWAY, NJ., US, vol. 38., no. 07., 1 July 1990 (1990-07-01), US, pages 1046 - 1053., XP000137530, ISSN: 0018-926X, DOI: 10.1109/8.55616 *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0640844A1 (en) * 1993-08-23 1995-03-01 Alcatel Espace Electronically scanning dual beam antenna
FR2709380A1 (en) * 1993-08-23 1995-03-03 Alcatel Espace Bi-beam antenna with electronic scanning.
US5652597A (en) * 1993-08-23 1997-07-29 Alcatel Espace Electronically-scanned two-beam antenna
US10050726B2 (en) 2014-02-11 2018-08-14 Vega Grieshaber Kg Fill level and topology determination
EP3105815B1 (en) * 2014-02-11 2020-04-15 VEGA Grieshaber KG Fill level and topology determination

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2681982A1 (en) 1993-04-02
EP0534862B1 (en) 1996-04-24
CA2079193A1 (en) 1993-03-27
DE69210154D1 (en) 1996-05-30
FR2681982B1 (en) 1993-11-19

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