ES2257170B1 - PLATANOS HARVESTER. - Google Patents
PLATANOS HARVESTER. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ES2257170B1 ES2257170B1 ES200402089A ES200402089A ES2257170B1 ES 2257170 B1 ES2257170 B1 ES 2257170B1 ES 200402089 A ES200402089 A ES 200402089A ES 200402089 A ES200402089 A ES 200402089A ES 2257170 B1 ES2257170 B1 ES 2257170B1
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- mast
- cylinder
- banana
- harvester
- stem
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 241000234295 Musa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 235000007119 Ananas comosus Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000018290 Musa x paradisiaca Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 244000099147 Ananas comosus Species 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 241000234671 Ananas Species 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000021015 bananas Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003466 anti-cipated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D46/00—Picking of fruits, vegetables, hops, or the like; Devices for shaking trees or shrubs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D46/00—Picking of fruits, vegetables, hops, or the like; Devices for shaking trees or shrubs
- A01D46/26—Devices for shaking trees or shrubs; Fruit catching devices to be used therewith
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Harvesting Machines For Specific Crops (AREA)
Abstract
Cosechadora de plátanos. La cosechadora incluye una pinza (9) accionada por un cilindro (10) para el agarre del tallo (11) correspondiente a la piña de plátanos que se pretende cortar, operación que se realiza mediante una cuchilla (12) accionada por otro cilindro (13), de manera que tanto la pinza (9) como la cuchilla de corte (12) están montadas en el extremo de un brazo telescópico (8) accionado por un cilindro (14) dispuesto, horizontalmente y de forma articulada sobre un mástil (3) que a su vez va articulado sobre una bancada o bastidor inferior (1), a través del cual se vincula el conjunto de la máquina a un vehículo tractor. El mástil (3) está capacitado de bascular inclinadamente respecto del suelo por medio de un cilindro (5) para permitir el corte de cualquier tallo (11) de piñas de plátanos sea cual sea la altura de aquél.Banana harvester. The harvester includes a clamp (9) driven by a cylinder (10) for the grip of the stem (11) corresponding to the banana pineapple that is intended to be cut, an operation that is carried out by means of a blade (12) driven by another cylinder (13 ), so that both the clamp (9) and the cutting blade (12) are mounted on the end of a telescopic arm (8) actuated by a cylinder (14) arranged horizontally and articulated on a mast (3 ) which in turn is articulated on a bench or lower frame (1), through which the whole machine is linked to a tractor vehicle. The mast (3) is capable of tilting inclined with respect to the ground by means of a cylinder (5) to allow the cutting of any stem (11) of banana pineapples regardless of their height.
Description
Cosechadora de plátanos.Banana harvester.
La presente invención se refiere a una cosechadora de plátanos, y más concretamente a una máquina para realizar el seccionado de cada una de las piñas de plátanos, así como el transporte en finca y la correspondiente carga en un camión.The present invention relates to a banana harvester, and more specifically to a machine for perform the sectioning of each of the banana pineapples, as well such as transportation on the farm and the corresponding cargo in a truck.
El objeto de la invención es proporcionar una
cosechadora de plátanos prevista para ser montada y accionada por
un vehículo tractor, y también en chasis autotransportado para
conseguir una mecanización y por lo tanto un ahorro económico en
las labores requeridas en la recolección de plátanos, ya que la
máquina de la invención es capaz de cortar la piña de plátanos
directamente de la planta, transportar esa piña por la finca y
depositarla directamente sobre las jaulas, garantizando el
transporte idóneo hasta el
empaquetado.The object of the invention is to provide a banana harvester intended to be mounted and driven by a tractor vehicle, and also in a self-transported chassis to achieve mechanization and therefore an economic saving in the tasks required in the harvesting of bananas, since The machine of the invention is capable of cutting the pineapple of bananas directly from the plant, transporting that pineapple through the farm and depositing it directly on the cages, guaranteeing the ideal transport to the
packaging.
Actualmente la recolección de plátanos supone un costo económico muy elevado para el productor, ya que no solamente se da el problema de la escasa mano de obra y la poca especialización en relación con el sector, sino que cuando se encuentra dicha mano de obra ésta resulta notablemente cara, lo que en definitiva da lugar a que el futuro del cultivo de plátano se vea comprometido por su falta de rentabilidad.Banana harvesting is currently a very high economic cost for the producer, since not only there is the problem of low labor and low specialization in relation to the sector, but when find this workforce it is remarkably expensive, which it definitely gives rise to the future of banana cultivation Committed to its lack of profitability.
Por otro lado, hay que añadir el hecho de que la recolección manual lleva consigo un transporte por operarios del lugar de corte de la piña de plátanos hasta el remolque o lugar de carga, operación que se realiza con la piña sobre los hombros, dando lugar al deterioro de un elevado porcentaje de plátanos.On the other hand, we must add the fact that the manual collection carries with it a transport by operators of the cutting place of the pineapple of bananas to the trailer or place of load, operation that is performed with the pineapple on the shoulders, leading to the deterioration of a high percentage of bananas.
La cosechadora que se preconiza, ha sido concebida para resolver la problemática anteriormente expuesta, basándose en una estructura de gran robustez y con medios de acoplamiento a un vehículo tractor, como si se tratase de una apero más. No obstante, la cosechadora puede ser montada sobre un chasis autoportante.The harvester that is recommended, has been designed to solve the problem described above, based on a structure of great robustness and with means of coupling to a tractor vehicle, as if it were an implement plus. However, the combine can be mounted on a chassis self-supporting
Más concretamente, la cosechadora de la invención se constituye a partir de un bastidor con los medios apropiados de acoplamiento al vehículo tractor, sobre cuyo bastidor va montado articuladamente un mástil tubular susceptible de inclinarse hasta un ángulo de aproximadamente 30º respecto del suelo, con la finalidad que más adelante se expondrá, con la especial particularidad de que sobre dicho mástil va montada articuladamente un brazo telescópico en horizontal, portador en su extremo libre de una pinza accionable mediante un cilindro hidráulico o neumático, que abraza el tallo de la piña para llevar a cabo el seccionado de éste por medio de una cuchilla dispuesta convenientemente en el extremo del brazo telescópico y accionada por otro cilindro hidráulico o neumático, todo ello de manera tal que la inclinación que puede experimentar el mástil, a través del accionamiento de un tercer cilindro, hidráulico o neumático, permite adaptarse a una falta de verticalidad del tallo de la piña de plátanos, como consecuencia de su poca altura, y así permitir el seccionado de todo tipo de tallos y por lo tanto de piñas de plátano.More specifically, the harvester of the invention is constituted from a frame with the means appropriate coupling to the tractor vehicle, on whose frame a tubular mast capable of lean to an angle of approximately 30 ° from the soil, with the purpose that will be exposed later, with the special feature that is mounted on said mast articulated a horizontal telescopic arm, carrier in its free end of a clamp operated by a cylinder hydraulic or pneumatic, which hugs the stem of the pineapple to carry the sectioning of the latter by means of a knife arranged conveniently at the end of the telescopic and powered arm by another hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder, all in such a way that the inclination that the mast can experience, through the drive of a third cylinder, hydraulic or pneumatic, allows to adapt to a lack of verticality of the pineapple stem of bananas, as a result of its low height, and thus allow the sectioning of all kinds of stems and therefore of pineapples banana.
Los movimientos que efectúa el conjunto de la cosechadora o máquina son:The movements made by the whole of the combine or machine are:
- --
- Apertura y cierra de la pinza accionada por el correspondiente cilindro;Opening and closing of the operated clamp by the corresponding cylinder;
- --
- Desplazamiento de la cuchilla de corte, accionada por el segundo cilindro;Cutting blade offset, actuated by the second cylinder;
- --
- Rotación del brazo telescópico sobre cojinetes, mediante la acción de un elemento inclinado, volviendo a la situación de reposo por gravedad;Rotating telescopic arm over bearings, by the action of an inclined element, returning to the situation of rest by gravity;
- --
- Alargamiento y retroceso del brazo telescópico y por lo tanto del extremo del mismo, con aproximación y transporte de la pinza y de la cuchilla de corte, de manera que tal brazo telescópico es accionado por un cilindro como los anteriores;Lengthening and recoil of the arm telescopic and therefore the end of it, with approximation and transport of the clamp and the cutting blade, so that such a telescopic arm is actuated by a cylinder like the previous;
- --
- Inclinación del mástil formando un ángulo respecto del suelo, con objeto de variar la altura del extremo donde va la pinza de agarre, habiéndose previsto que el accionamiento de esa inclinación puede llevarse a cabo mediante el ya comentado cilindro, y opcionalmente por medio del propio vehículo tractor, en caso de incorporar éste medios que posibiliten llevar a cabo esa regulación o inclinación de mástil.Mast tilt forming a angle to the ground, in order to vary the height of the end where the gripper goes, having anticipated that the actuation of that inclination can be carried out by means of the already commented cylinder, and optionally through the own tractor vehicle, if this means is incorporated that enable carry out that regulation or inclination of mast.
El ángulo de inclinación del brazo telescópico se mantiene constante mediante una biela paralela al mástil, formando un paralelogramo con éste.The tilt angle of the telescopic arm is kept constant by a connecting rod parallel to the mast, forming a parallelogram with this one.
Las ventajas derivadas de la cosechadora referida pueden resumirse en las siguientes:The advantages derived from the combine referred can be summarized in the following:
1.- Únicamente se requieren dos personas para recolección, con la correspondiente reducción de personal frente a los cuatro operarios que normalmente se necesitan en la recolección por el método tradicional.1.- Only two people are required to collection, with the corresponding reduction in personnel compared to the four operators that are normally needed in the collection by the traditional method.
2.- Mayor velocidad de circulación de la fruta por la finca, comparada con la velocidad de un operario a pie.2.- Greater speed of circulation of the fruit around the farm, compared to the speed of an operator on foot.
3.- La piña va suspendida del tallo sobre la propia máquina o cosechadora, por lo que no existe posibilidad de que se produzcan roces por presión sobre el hombro del operario, que como ya se ha dicho da lugar a lesiones en los frutos, pudiéndose estimar esos deterioros o lesiones en un 10% del producto recolectado.3.- The pineapple is suspended from the stem on the own machine or harvester, so there is no possibility of that pressure friction occurs on the operator's shoulder, which, as already stated, results in injuries to fruits, being able to estimate these deteriorations or injuries in 10% of the product collected.
Finalmente decir que la fuerza hidráulica que acciona los diferentes dispositivos de la cosechadora procederá de la bomba del tractor, por lo que habrá que dotar a dicha cosechadora de una caja de distribución hidráulica que disponga de tantas salidas como dispositivos de accionamiento mecánico, accionándose las correspondientes válvulas mediante una botonera que se colocará en el tablero del tractor y que estará unida a la caja de distribución hidráulica por un conjunto de cables unidos por una manguera flexible, pudiendo ser las electro-válvulas accionadas por cualquier otro procedimiento, tal como ondas electro-magnéticas, ultra-sonidos, etc.Finally say that the hydraulic force that operates the different devices of the combine will come from the tractor pump, so it must be provided combine harvester with a hydraulic distribution box that has as many outputs as mechanical drive devices, the corresponding valves are activated by means of a keypad that will be placed on the tractor dashboard and that will be attached to the hydraulic distribution box by a set of attached cables by a flexible hose, being able to be the electro-valves actuated by any other procedure, such as electro-magnetic waves, ultra-sounds, etc.
También es evidente comentar que todos los movimientos de la cosechadora podrán desarrollarse por cilindros hidráulicos o por motores de accionamiento eléctrico, pudiendo incluso dotar a la cosechadora de una máquina de televisión montada en el brazo telescópico, con cruz filar y con dos tornillos de ajuste, con objeto de corregir el error de paralelaje conectada con un visor que se situaría en la cabina junto con la botonadura.It is also evident to comment that all combine movements may be developed by cylinders hydraulic or electric drive motors, being able to even equip the harvester with a mounted television machine on the telescopic arm, with cross-section and with two screws adjustment, in order to correct the parallel error connected with a viewfinder that would be placed in the cabin along with the button.
Para complementar la descripción que se está realizando y con objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensión de las características del invento, de acuerdo con un ejemplo preferente de realización práctica del mismo, se acompaña como parte integrante de dicha descripción, un juego de dibujos en donde con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo, se ha representado lo siguiente:To complement the description that is being performing and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred example of practical realization of it, is accompanied as part member of that description, a set of drawings where with illustrative and non-limiting nature, what has been represented next:
La figura 1.- Muestra una vista esquemática según un alzado lateral de la cosechadora de plátanos objeto de la invención.Figure 1.- Shows a schematic view according to a side elevation of the banana harvester object of the invention.
La figura 2.- Muestra otra vista en alzado, en este caso correspondiente a una vista posterior, de la misma cosechadora representada en la figura anterior.Figure 2.- Shows another elevation view, in this case corresponding to a later view of it combine shown in the previous figure.
La figura 3.- Muestra una vista cenital, es decir, en planta superior, de la cosechadora objeto de la invención.Figure 3.- Shows an overhead view, it is say, on the top floor, of the harvester object of the invention.
A la vista de las figuras reseñadas puede observarse como la cosechadora de la invención se constituye a partir de un bastidor o armadura (1) con medios (2) de acoplamiento a un vehículo tractor para el accionamiento de aquella, constituyendo ese bastidor (1) una robusta estructura sobre la que va montado un mástil (3), montaje que se realiza a través de un eje de articulación o basculamiento (4) que permite llevar a cabo el basculamiento de tal mástil y conseguir una inclinación de 30º, como se indica claramente en la figura 1, con respecto del suelo, realizándose ese basculamiento o inclinación del mástil (3) por medio de un cilindro (5), o en su caso por el propio vehículo tractor en el que se acople, en el caso de que éste cuente con los medios apropiados.In view of the figures outlined you can observe how the harvester of the invention is constituted to from a frame or frame (1) with coupling means (2) to a tractor vehicle for driving it, constituting that frame (1) a robust structure on which a mast (3) is mounted, assembly that is carried out through an axis of articulation or tilting (4) that allows to carry out the tilting such a mast and achieve an inclination of 30º, as clearly indicated in figure 1, with respect to the ground, performing that tilt or tilt of the mast (3) by means of a cylinder (5), or where appropriate by the vehicle itself tractor in which it is coupled, in the event that it has the appropriate means.
Sobre el mástil (3) va a su vez montado, articuladamente según la referencia (6), un soporte (7) correspondiente a un brazo telescópico y horizontal (8) que en su extremo delantero o libre cuenta con una pinza (9) accionable mediante un cilindro (10), cuya pinza (9) puede ser abierta o cerrada para llevar a cabo el agarre del tronco o tallo (11) correspondiente a una piña o racimo de plátano, de manera que una vez sujeto ese tallo (11) por la pinza (9), efectuar el seccionado mediante una cuchilla (12) prevista en el extremo del brazo telescópico (8), que es accionada por otro cilindro (13), con la particularidad de que el brazo telescópico (8) es accionado en su extensibilidad y retraimiento por un cilindro (14).On the mast (3) is in turn mounted, articulated according to reference (6), a support (7) corresponding to a telescopic and horizontal arm (8) that in its front or free end has a clamp (9) operable by means of a cylinder (10), whose clamp (9) can be opened or closed to hold the trunk or stem grip (11) corresponding to a pineapple or banana bunch, so that a Once the stem (11) is held by the clamp (9), perform the sectioning by means of a blade (12) provided at the end of the arm telescopic (8), which is driven by another cylinder (13), with the particularity that the telescopic arm (8) is actuated in its extensibility and retraction by a cylinder (14).
De esta manera se consiguen mecanizar las operaciones de cosechado o recolección de piñas de plátanos, con una reducción notable de mano de obra, una reducción de tiempo y en definitiva una reducción de coste, a la vez de que se ve favorecido el producto al ser manipulado por la propia máquina y de manera suspendida sin necesidad de apoyar sobre los hombros de los operarios para su transporte desde la planta al camión de carga.In this way they are able to mechanize the harvesting or harvesting of banana pineapples, with a notable reduction in labor, a reduction in time and in definitive a reduction of cost, at the same time that it is favored the product when handled by the machine itself and in a manner suspended without needing to rest on the shoulders of Operators for transport from the plant to the cargo truck.
El conjunto de la máquina referida se complementa con una biela (15) montada paralelamente al mástil (3), al objeto de que el ángulo que forma en su basculación con respecto del suelo se mantenga constante, ya que esa biela (15) forma un paralelogramo articulado en los cuatro vértices que forman las dos articulaciones de dicha biela (15) y las dos articulaciones del propio mástil (3).The set of the referred machine is complements with a connecting rod (15) mounted parallel to the mast (3), in order that the angle it forms in its tilting with respect to of the ground remains constant, since that connecting rod (15) forms a articulated parallelogram in the four vertices that form the two joints of said connecting rod (15) and the two joints of the own mast (3).
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200402089A ES2257170B1 (en) | 2004-08-26 | 2004-08-26 | PLATANOS HARVESTER. |
| ES200500863A ES2274687B1 (en) | 2004-08-26 | 2005-04-12 | IMPROVEMENTS INTRODUCED IN THE PATENT OF INVENTION P 200402089 BY "PLATANOS HARVESTOR". |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200402089A ES2257170B1 (en) | 2004-08-26 | 2004-08-26 | PLATANOS HARVESTER. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2257170A1 ES2257170A1 (en) | 2006-07-16 |
| ES2257170B1 true ES2257170B1 (en) | 2007-07-01 |
Family
ID=36676647
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200402089A Expired - Fee Related ES2257170B1 (en) | 2004-08-26 | 2004-08-26 | PLATANOS HARVESTER. |
| ES200500863A Expired - Fee Related ES2274687B1 (en) | 2004-08-26 | 2005-04-12 | IMPROVEMENTS INTRODUCED IN THE PATENT OF INVENTION P 200402089 BY "PLATANOS HARVESTOR". |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200500863A Expired - Fee Related ES2274687B1 (en) | 2004-08-26 | 2005-04-12 | IMPROVEMENTS INTRODUCED IN THE PATENT OF INVENTION P 200402089 BY "PLATANOS HARVESTOR". |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| ES (2) | ES2257170B1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113728794A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-12-03 | 西安交通大学 | Pineapple picking vehicle and picking method |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES2328551B1 (en) * | 2007-12-07 | 2010-09-13 | Juan Del Carmen Garcia Diaz | COLLECTOR OF BANANA BANKS AND METHOD FOR COLLECTION. |
| CN107960195B (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2020-04-21 | 河南科技大学 | Picking device assisting in manually picking pineapples |
| CN109496538A (en) * | 2018-03-05 | 2019-03-22 | 辽宁石油化工大学 | A kind of pineapple picking collecting cart and collecting method |
| CN108307785B (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2024-01-30 | 温州大学 | Auxiliary tool for picking pineapple by leaving stems through incision |
| CN108781747A (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2018-11-13 | 福建省复新农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of picking fruit cart for agriculture orchard |
| CN110063129B (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2021-12-07 | 徐州盛斗士生物科技有限公司 | Dragon fruit picking vehicle |
| CN110073806B (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2023-07-14 | 广东海洋大学 | Device for automatically harvesting pineapple |
| CN112602459B (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2022-08-09 | 兰州理工大学 | Pepper picking device |
| CN113366973B (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2022-10-14 | 华南农业大学 | Automatic pineapple picking robot capable of keeping fruit buds and application thereof |
| CN114872007B (en) * | 2022-04-13 | 2023-04-18 | 仲恺农业工程学院 | Pineapple picking robot based on binocular vision |
| CN115735544A (en) * | 2022-11-29 | 2023-03-07 | 中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所 | Take device of picking of arm lock |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1514680A (en) * | 1923-02-20 | 1924-11-11 | Straub John | Tool for cutting bananas from bunches thereof |
| AU5150485A (en) * | 1984-12-18 | 1986-06-26 | State of Western Australia Through Its Department of Agriculture, The | Banana harvester |
| AU8843998A (en) * | 1997-10-21 | 1999-05-13 | Ash Fluid Power Engineering Pty Ltd | An apparatus for harvesting bananas |
| AUPP873399A0 (en) * | 1999-02-17 | 1999-03-11 | Ns Komatsu Pty Ltd | Banana harvester |
-
2004
- 2004-08-26 ES ES200402089A patent/ES2257170B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-04-12 ES ES200500863A patent/ES2274687B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113728794A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-12-03 | 西安交通大学 | Pineapple picking vehicle and picking method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2274687A1 (en) | 2007-05-16 |
| ES2274687B1 (en) | 2008-05-01 |
| ES2257170A1 (en) | 2006-07-16 |
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