ES2231491T3 - Dispositivo de sujeccion para soldadura por infrarrojos. - Google Patents

Dispositivo de sujeccion para soldadura por infrarrojos.

Info

Publication number
ES2231491T3
ES2231491T3 ES01933171T ES01933171T ES2231491T3 ES 2231491 T3 ES2231491 T3 ES 2231491T3 ES 01933171 T ES01933171 T ES 01933171T ES 01933171 T ES01933171 T ES 01933171T ES 2231491 T3 ES2231491 T3 ES 2231491T3
Authority
ES
Spain
Prior art keywords
welding
welded
piece
clamping device
workpiece
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
ES01933171T
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Glenn A. Evans
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Swagelok Co
Original Assignee
Swagelok Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Swagelok Co filed Critical Swagelok Co
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of ES2231491T3 publication Critical patent/ES2231491T3/es
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1429—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1464—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators
    • B29C65/1467—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators at the same time, i.e. simultaneous welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1429—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1432—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface direct heating of the surfaces to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • B29C66/5344—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length, e.g. joining flanges to tube ends
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/712—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined the composition of one of the parts to be joined being different from the composition of the other part
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/731—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7311—Thermal properties
    • B29C66/73115—Melting point
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/731—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7311—Thermal properties
    • B29C66/73115—Melting point
    • B29C66/73116—Melting point of different melting point, i.e. the melting point of one of the parts to be joined being different from the melting point of the other part
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91211—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods
    • B29C66/91216—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods enabling contactless temperature measurements, e.g. using a pyrometer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91221—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91231—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature of the joining tool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91421—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the joining tools
    • B29C66/91423—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the joining tools using joining tools having different temperature zones or using several joining tools with different temperatures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91431—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature the temperature being kept constant over time
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91441—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature the temperature being non-constant over time
    • B29C66/91443—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature the temperature being non-constant over time following a temperature-time profile
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9161—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9161—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
    • B29C66/91651—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux by controlling or regulating the heat generated by Joule heating or induction heating
    • B29C66/91653—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux by controlling or regulating the heat generated by Joule heating or induction heating by controlling or regulating the voltage, i.e. the electric potential difference or electric tension
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9161—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
    • B29C66/91651—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux by controlling or regulating the heat generated by Joule heating or induction heating
    • B29C66/91655—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux by controlling or regulating the heat generated by Joule heating or induction heating by controlling or regulating the current intensity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/96—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process
    • B29C66/961—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process involving a feedback loop mechanism, e.g. comparison with a desired value
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B29C35/0805—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
    • B29C2035/0822—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using IR radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1403—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the type of electromagnetic or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1412—Infrared [IR] radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/20—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools with direct contact, e.g. using "mirror"
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
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  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
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Abstract

Dispositivo de sujeción (206) para una pieza a soldar (W1) que está siendo soldada mediante calor infrarrojo, comprendiendo el dispositivo de sujeción: una base (208); un elemento que se extiende desde dicha base y adaptado para acoplar dicha pieza a soldar (W1); dicho elemento alineando radialmente dicha pieza a soldar (W1) y sujetando axialmente dicha pieza a soldar (W1) antes de aplicar calor a dicha pieza a soldar (W1); no estando la pieza a soldar (W1) axialmente retenida en dicho elemento tras calentar la pieza a soldar (W1) como parte de una operación de soldadura.

Description

Dispositivo de sujeción para soldadura por infrarrojos.
Campo técnico de la invención
La invención objeto se refiere generalmente a soldar o unir partes no metálicas de fluoropolímero entre sí. Más particularmente, la invención se refiere a un dispositivo de sujeción según la reivindicación 1.
Antecedentes de la invención
Una técnica conocida para soldar o unir piezas a soldar o partes plásticas es el calentamiento por radiación, a veces denominado soldadura por infrarrojos o infrarrojos. En un proceso conocido, las piezas a soldar se calientan y a continuación se presionan entre sí y se dejan enfriar. Para proporcionar una fuente de calor radiante se utiliza un calefactor que se coloca cerca de aquellas partes de las piezas a soldar que van a ser unidas entre sí.
En los sistemas conocidos de soldadura por infrarrojos existen numerosas deficiencias. Entre ellas se encuentran la pobre repetibilidad, la inconsistencia de las soldaduras y largas duraciones del ciclo de soldadura. Esto puede atribuirse a varios factores, muchos de los cuales se refieren al hecho de que el operario de soldadura debe determinar visualmente en qué momento cada pieza a soldar está suficientemente calentada. Por ejemplo, con materiales de tipo Teflón™ tales como la PFA, el operario busca un cambio en la opacidad de la pieza a soldar. Ésta es una determinación muy subjetiva y da como resultado soldaduras inconsistentes.
Los sistemas conocidos sólo son útiles para soldar dos piezas a soldar del mismo material, y únicamente materiales tales como la PFA que pueden procesarse en estado fundido. La expresión "que puede procesarse en estado fundido" se refiere a materiales que pueden fundirse y tratarse adicionalmente, tal como mediante moldeo por inyección u otra técnica de tratamiento, en la que el material fundido fluye. Se cree que los materiales que no pueden tratarse en estado fundido no han sido soldados por infrarrojos hasta ahora utilizando los sistemas infrarrojos conocidos. Otra limitación significativa de los sistemas conocidos es que existe un control muy reducido de cuánta parte de la pieza a soldar se calienta. Para una operación típica de soldadura, normalmente sólo se necesita calentar una pequeña parte de la pieza a soldar. Sin embargo, los sistemas conocidos calientan unas partes de la pieza a soldar distintas del punto real de soldadura. Además, los sistemas de soldadura conocidos normalmente utilizan dispositivos de fijación para fijar las piezas a soldar durante los periodos de tiempo de soldadura y enfriamiento. Normalmente, estos dispositivos de sujeción impiden el movimiento axial de las piezas a soldar durante el enfriamiento, produciendo de este modo tensiones residuales en la soldadura.
El documento WO900970 da a conocer la unión de partes termoplásticas mediante la aplicación de calor a las zonas superficiales selectivas de las mismas y el empuje de las mismas entre sí. El documento US 5628859 da a conocer un método de soldadura mediante radiación electromagnética que permite que los componentes hechos de plástico se unan entre sí. El documento JP 8108479 se refiere a un dispositivo de soldadura a tope para tuberías de resina termoplástica. El documento GB 2304072 da a conocer un método y aparato para unir artículos de poliolefina mediante unión por fusión.
Sigue existiendo una necesidad de un aparato y método de soldadura por radiación para soldar partes plásticas entre sí, para producir soldaduras repetibles de alta calidad. Dicho método y aparato resultarán, particular pero no exclusivamente, apropiados para soldar entre sí dos piezas a soldar de distinto material que presentan distintas temperaturas de descomposición y de fusión.
Sumario de la invención
Según la presente invención, está previsto un dispositivo de sujeción para una pieza a soldar mediante calor infrarrojo, comprendiendo el dispositivo de sujeción: una base, un elemento que se extiende desde dicha base y adaptado para acoplar dicha pieza a soldar; alineando radialmente dicho elemento dicha pieza a soldar y sujetando axialmente dicha pieza a soldar antes de aplicar calor a dicha pieza a soldar; estando axialmente sin apretar la pieza a soldar sobre dicho elemento tras calentar la pieza a soldar como parte de una operación de soldadura.
Según un aspecto de la invención, las piezas a soldar se montan en dispositivos de sujeción que facilitan la formación de soldaduras aceptables. Según este aspecto de la invención, se permite que al menos una de las piezas a soldar se desplace axial y libremente con respecto a la otra pieza a soldar durante un periodo de tiempo posterior a la soldadura. Este movimiento libre permite que el punto de la soldadura se enfríe sin producir tensiones residuales en el punto de la soldadura. En una realización de la invención, se utiliza un dispositivo de sujeción que sujeta una pieza a soldar durante una parte de la operación de soldadura y suelta axialmente la pieza a soldar durante un periodo de soldadura y enfriamiento.
Estos y otros aspectos y ventajas de la presente invención se apreciarán y comprenderán fácilmente a partir de la siguiente descripción detallada de la invención en vista de los dibujos adjuntos.
Breve descripción de los dibujos
Las figuras 8A a 8C ilustran una primera forma de realización de un concepto de dispositivo de sujeción según la presente invención; y
Las figuras 9A a 9D ilustran una segunda realización de un concepto de dispositivo de sujeción según la invención.
La presente invención se refiere a un concepto de dispositivo de sujeción tal como se ilustra en las figuras 8A a 8C y 9A a 9D.
Descripción detallada de la invención
La presente invención se refiere a un concepto de dispositivo de sujeción tal como se ilustra en las figuras 8A a 8C y 9A a 9D.
Aunque en la presente memoria la invención se describe con referencia específica a la soldadura de una pieza de PFA a una pieza de PTFE modificado (es decir, un material que puede tratarse en estado fundido a un material que no puede tratarse en estado fundido), estos son sólo dos ejemplos de fluoropolímeros que pueden soldarse utilizando el aparato y los métodos que realizan la presente invención. La presente invención también puede utilizarse para soldar entre sí dos partes del mismo material (por ejemplo, una pieza hecha de un material que puede tratarse piezas en estado fundido, tal como PFA, a una pieza que no puede tratarse en estado fundido, o una pieza realizada en un material que no puede tratarse en estado fundido, tal como un PTFE modificado, a una pieza de material que no puede tratarse en estado fundido).
Aunque en la presente memoria la invención se describe mediante formas de realización para soldar dos piezas a soldar de distintos materiales, los expertos en la materia en la materia comprenderán fácilmente que pueden utilizarse varios aspectos de la invención para soldar entre sí piezas a soldar del mismo material.
Adicionalmente, aunque en la presente memoria se presentan varias realizaciones o ejemplos alternativos, tales ejemplos no pretenden, y no deberían, interpretarse como pertenecientes a una lista exhaustiva. Para aquellos expertos en la materia resultarán evidentes muchas variaciones eléctricas, mecánicas y de materiales distintas, ya se hayan mencionado explícitamente en la memoria o no, y tales variaciones pueden realizarse sin apartarse del espíritu y alcance de la invención.
La referencia a "soldadura" en la presente memoria debería entenderse en su sentido más amplio, es decir unir o juntar dos piezas a soldar mediante la aplicación de calor. La invención se dirige a técnicas de calentamiento radiante o por infrarrojos mediante la convección de calor desde una superficie radiante a la pieza a soldar sin un contacto directo de la pieza a soldar con la superficie de calor radiante. Esto garantiza una soldadura limpia.
Con referencia a las figuras 8A a 8C, la invención contempla conceptos de dispositivos de sujeción que mejoran la resistencia y calidad final de la soldadura reduciendo sustancialmente las tensiones residuales y fuerzas aplicadas en la soldadura. Según esto, al menos una de las piezas a soldar se monta sobre un dispositivo de sujeción, de manera que a medida que la soldadura se enfría, la pieza a soldar queda axialmente libre para moverse con respecto al dispositivo de sujeción. Esto permite que la soldadura se enfríe sin retención axial ni tensión residual.
En la realización de ejemplo de las figuras 8A a 8C, una primera pieza a soldar W_{1}, en este ejemplo un extremo de tubo de empalme roscado, va a soldarse a una segunda pieza a soldar W_{2} tal como una válvula. Los dibujos están simplificados por motivos de claridad y sólo muestran las piezas a soldar y uno de los dispositivos de sujeción. En este ejemplo, la válvula W_{2} es la pieza a soldar móvil.
El concepto realizado en las figuras 8A a 8C se refiere a una pieza a soldar tubular que presenta un taladro central 200 a través de la misma. El extremo inferior 202 (tal como se observa en los dibujos) de la pieza a soldar W_{1} es el extremo que se soldará a un extremo de tubo correspondiente 204 en la otra pieza a soldar. Estos extremos 202, 204 definen el punto de soldadura. En este caso, el dispositivo de sujeción 208 es el dispositivo de sujeción móvil que permite unir las piezas.
En este ejemplo, el taladro central 200 no es un cilindro verdadero sino que en su lugar presenta una ligera conicidad axial dado que la pieza es una parte moldeada. Sin embargo, el concepto de dispositivo de sujeción también puede aplicarse a piezas a soldar que no presentan conicidad o moldeado. El dispositivo de sujeción 206 incluye una base 208 que está mostrada sobre un soporte apropiado (no mostrado). La base 208 es móvil mediante un actuador adecuado. Extendiéndose desde la base 208 se encuentra un pasador 210 o dispositivo de sujeción. El pasador 210 está aproximadamente dimensionado para presentar un ligero ajuste con fricción o con apriete con el taladro 200 de la pieza a soldar antes de calentar la pieza a soldar como parte de una operación de soldadura.
En la figura 8A, la pieza a soldar W_{1} está montada sobre el dispositivo de sujeción 210 antes del calentamiento y está perfectamente sujeta en el pasador 210. En la figura 8B, la pieza a soldar se ha calentado como parte de una operación de soldadura. Durante el periodo de tiempo de calentamiento, la pieza a soldar "crece" presentando una retención sustancialmente reducida sobre el pasador 210, pero con suficiente fuerza de retención residual como para que la pieza a soldar no se caiga del pasador 210. El apriete con fricción reducido entre la pieza a soldar y el dispositivo de sujeción 206 disminuye hasta el punto de que el dispositivo de sujeción puede deslizarse a lo largo del pasador 210 durante el enfriamiento de la soldadura formada. Después de que las piezas a soldar hayan alcanzado su temperatura de soldadura respectiva, las partes se unen y el dispositivo de sujeción y el pasador 210 se mantienen en su lugar. En la figura 8C, durante el enfriamiento (por ejemplo desde aproximadamente 400ºC hasta aproximadamente 270ºC) el dispositivo de sujeción 206 se mantiene en su lugar a medida que la soldadura se enfría. Aunque el apriete con fricción se haya retirado sustancialmente, la contracción que se produce debido al enfriamiento de la soldadura tira de la pieza a soldar que ahora está libre para deslizarse axialmente a lo largo del pasador 210. Aquellos expertos en la materia apreciarán que el movimiento descrito es bastante pequeño pero significativo. Si la pieza a soldar no estuviera libre para deslizarse a lo largo del pasador 210, en la soldadura se formarían tensiones residuales. La pieza a soldar se retira del pasador 210 antes de completar el enfriamiento, de lo contrario la pieza a soldar volvería a sus dimensiones originales y quedaría perfectamente retenida en el pasador 210. No obstante, este enfriamiento completo puede utilizarse cuando se requiera. El ligero desplazamiento axial de la pieza a soldar a lo largo del pasador 210 se ha expuesto al igual que el juego 212 en la figura 8C en aras de la claridad. La pieza a soldar W_{1} todavía está radialmente alineada durante el enfriamiento, pero no está axialmente apretada por lo que la soldadura puede enfriarse con poca o ninguna tensión residual.
Con referencia a las figuras 9A a 9D, se ilustra una forma de realización alternativa del concepto de dispositivo de sujeción. Esta realización es útil para partes tales como un empalme extremo de tubo estándar ISO 250 que presenta un taladro interno básicamente cilíndrico 252. El empalme ISO es la pieza a soldar móvil W_{1} y en este ejemplo se está soldando a un cuerpo de válvula W_{2}.
Un empalme estándar ISO está caracterizado por una brida 254 que se extiende sustancialmente hacia fuera. El dispositivo de sujeción 260 está configurado para retener sin apretar el empalme 250 y sujetarlo alineado radialmente a través del pasador 262 que se extiende al interior del taladro central 252 del empalme. El dispositivo de sujeción 260 incluye un casquillo 264 que retiene radialmente el empalme 250 y presenta una brida que se extiende hacia dentro 265 que agarra axialmente la brida del empalme 254. La figura 9A muestra un ajuste inicial con el empalme 250 instalado en el dispositivo de sujeción 260. Si se requiere puede utilizarse un ligero ajuste con apriete con el pasador 262. El empalme 250 no está axialmente apretado sino soportado dentro del dispositivo de sujeción 260. En la figura 9B las piezas a soldar se han calentado y en la figura 9C, las piezas a soldar se han unido. Cuando el empalme 250 se calienta, ya no presenta un ajuste con apriete con el pasador 262. Tal como se muestra en la figura 9C, cuando se realiza la unión por soldadura 270, la pieza a soldar 250 es empujada contra un tope 266 en el dispositivo de sujeción 260. A medida que la soldadura 270 se enfría, el empalme 250 está axialmente libre para volver hacia atrás y no está axialmente retenido a pesar de seguir radialmente alineado. De este modo, según la invención, los dispositivos de sujeción permiten que las soldaduras se enfríen con al menos una de las piezas a soldar unida que no está axialmente retenida.
Las realizaciones de ejemplo de las figuras 8A a 8C y 9A a 9D presentan características estructurales específicas que se utilizan debido al diseño o geometría específicos del empalme, que se está soldando. Estas realizaciones no deberían interpretarse en un sentido limitativo. La característica destacada es que al menos una de las piezas a soldar está soportada durante la etapa de calentamiento, pero no está axialmente retenida durante la etapa de enfriamiento posterior a la soldadura para eliminar tensiones residuales.
La invención se ha descrito con referencia a la realización preferida. Al leer y comprender esta memoria descriptiva a otros se les ocurrirán modificaciones y alteraciones. Está pensada para incluir todas las modificaciones y alteraciones en la medida en que entran dentro del alcance de las reivindicaciones adjuntas.

Claims (3)

1. Dispositivo de sujeción (206) para una pieza a soldar (W_{1}) que está siendo soldada mediante calor infrarrojo, comprendiendo el dispositivo de sujeción:
una base (208);
un elemento que se extiende desde dicha base y adaptado para acoplar dicha pieza a soldar (W_{1}); dicho elemento alineando radialmente dicha pieza a soldar (W_{1}) y sujetando axialmente dicha pieza a soldar (W_{1}) antes de aplicar calor a dicha pieza a soldar (W_{1});
no estando la pieza a soldar (W_{1}) axialmente retenida en dicho elemento tras calentar la pieza a soldar (W_{1}) como parte de una operación de soldadura.
2. Dispositivo de sujeción (206) según la reivindicación 1, en el que dicho elemento comprende un pasador (210) que presenta un ajuste con apriete con la pieza a soldar (W_{1}) antes de que la pieza a soldar (W_{1}) sea calentada.
3. Dispositivo de sujeción (206) según la reivindicación 1, en el que dicho elemento comprende un casquillo (264) que envuelve una brida (254) correspondiente de la pieza a soldar (W_{1}).
ES01933171T 2000-05-10 2001-05-08 Dispositivo de sujeccion para soldadura por infrarrojos. Expired - Lifetime ES2231491T3 (es)

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