EP4357549A1 - Nichtporöses und hydrophobes dachelement und dach eines bauwerks mit einem solchen dachelement - Google Patents

Nichtporöses und hydrophobes dachelement und dach eines bauwerks mit einem solchen dachelement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4357549A1
EP4357549A1 EP23201301.1A EP23201301A EP4357549A1 EP 4357549 A1 EP4357549 A1 EP 4357549A1 EP 23201301 A EP23201301 A EP 23201301A EP 4357549 A1 EP4357549 A1 EP 4357549A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
roof
roof element
exterior surface
thickness
roofing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP23201301.1A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Damien Thomasson
Guillaume TERREAU
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Compagnie Generale des Etablissements Michelin SCA
Original Assignee
Compagnie Generale des Etablissements Michelin SCA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Compagnie Generale des Etablissements Michelin SCA filed Critical Compagnie Generale des Etablissements Michelin SCA
Publication of EP4357549A1 publication Critical patent/EP4357549A1/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
    • E04D1/12—Roofing elements shaped as plain tiles or shingles, i.e. with flat outer surface
    • E04D1/20—Roofing elements shaped as plain tiles or shingles, i.e. with flat outer surface of plastics; of asphalt; of fibrous materials

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of covering or roofing elements intended for the production of construction roofs.
  • the invention relates to a roofing element made of synthetic material.
  • synthetic material we mean a material not present in its natural state in the external environment.
  • the roof of the structure must be capable of not only protecting the interior of the structure from the external environment, but also providing a desired aesthetic appearance.
  • roofing materials have been employed to achieve these goals, such as asphalt shingles, wood shingles, ceramic tiles, slate tiles, fiber cement tiles, etc.
  • Natural slate tiles are generally cut into a roughly rectangular shape and are placed on battens fixed next to each other on rafters.
  • the battens together form a continuous floor configured to support roof covering elements, in particular slates.
  • roofing elements made from synthetic materials which have been developed in order to improve waterproofing compared to natural materials, while maintaining the desired aesthetic appearance of these natural materials.
  • transverse grooves generate an exclusively lateral flow of rainwater, which can cause rainwater to flow between two slate covering areas and thus generate a roof leak.
  • the number of transverse grooves does not allow all of the fluids present in the covering zone to be drained.
  • known roof elements have other shortcomings, particularly in terms of evacuation of fluids or particles present between two superimposed roof elements.
  • the objective of the invention is to improve the evacuation of fluids or to avoid the retention of fluids which could promote the concentration of particles, or even the development of vegetation between two superimposed roof elements.
  • Another objective is to reduce the environmental impact linked to the manufacturing of roof elements, while facilitating the installation of said roof elements.
  • the subject of the present invention is a roofing or covering element, in particular intended to cover a frame of a construction, and comprising an exterior surface extending along an extension plane and an interior surface opposite the exterior surface.
  • the interior surface is advantageously intended to support the frame of the construction.
  • the roof element is delimited by two longitudinal sides or edges and two transverse sides or edges, said sides delimiting a closed peripheral contour of said roof element.
  • the roof element is made of non-porous and hydrophobic materials.
  • the roofing element advantageously comprises a single layer of non-porous and hydrophobic material.
  • At least the entire exterior surface of the roof element comprises a plurality of reliefs extending in an unordered and multidirectional manner inside the plane of extension of the exterior surface.
  • the plurality of reliefs characterizes the surface roughness of the exterior surface of the roofing element.
  • the plurality of reliefs may include streaks or furrows, and projections.
  • the reliefs may be regularly or not spaced from each other over the entire exterior surface of the roofing element.
  • the plurality of reliefs extend multidirectionally in the plane of the exterior surface.
  • the reliefs can form straight and/or curved line profiles.
  • Landforms may have different shapes and/or different heights and depths.
  • the roofing element made of non-porous and hydrophobic material has the advantage of eliminating the problem of movement of fluids by capillary action known in natural slates and from fiber cement.
  • hydrophobic we mean a material that tends to repel water molecules, that is to say that water does not penetrate inside the material and remains on its surface mainly in the form of droplets generally spherical in shape.
  • the contact angle of droplets on the surface of a hydrophobic material is greater than 90°.
  • non-porous is meant a material having a closed structure comprising pores which are not interconnected and are inaccessible to water and air.
  • a so-called “non-porous” material is impermeable to external molecules, that is to say, external molecules do not penetrate inside the material.
  • the pore size of a non-porous material is less than 100 nanometers, preferably less than 80 nanometers.
  • roof elements can be easily installed on low slope roofs with the same coverage rate as a roof with a greater slope.
  • the table includes three main columns, namely a first main column bringing together data from a known synthetic tile, a second main column bringing together data from a roof element according to the invention, and a third column main grouping data concerning the reduction in the coverage rate between the known synthetic tile and the roofing element according to the invention.
  • Each main column includes three sub-columns defining three geographic areas.
  • the first geographical zone Zone 1 corresponds to a geographical zone located at an altitude less than 200m, at a distance greater than 20km from the coastline.
  • the second geographical zone Zone 2 includes the geographical zones located at an altitude between 200m and 500m and the geographical zones on the coast of the Atlantic side.
  • the third geographical zone Zone 3 includes the geographical zones located at an altitude between 500m and 900m and the geographical zones on the coast of the English Channel, the North Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea.
  • the roof element according to the invention makes it possible to considerably reduce the coverage rate between superimposed roof elements, which makes it possible to reduce the total mass of the roof.
  • a known synthetic tile in the first geographical zone Zone 1, taking a roof slope of between 45% and 49%, a known synthetic tile must have an overlap of 120mm, while a roof element according to the invention has an overlap of 60mm, i.e. a reduction in coverage of 50%.
  • the Z2 pureau area, illustrated on the figure 2 And 6 that is to say the area of a roof element not covered by one or more superimposed roof elements, is thus greatly increased.
  • the number of roof elements per square meter can therefore be reduced by 20% in the case of a roof with a slope of between 45% and 49%.
  • the multidirectional surface roughness promotes the flow of fluids between two superimposed roof elements.
  • the surface roughness thus makes it possible to drain the fluids which infiltrate into the false pureau, that is to say in the central part of a first roof element which is covered by a second upper roof element.
  • the surface roughness makes it possible to avoid the suction phenomena observed between hydrophobic roof elements having smooth exterior surfaces, to improve the evacuation of fluids and to avoid the retention of fluids which can promote the concentration of particles. , or even the development of vegetation between two superimposed roof elements. This increases the lifespan of the roof elements and the waterproofing of the roof.
  • the hydrophobicity of the roof element prevents fluids from rising towards the upper part of the roof by capillary action.
  • the plurality of reliefs has a variation in thickness around the plane of extension of the exterior surface of between 0.1mm and 2mm, preferably between 0.1mm and 0.5mm.
  • the variation in thickness of the plurality of reliefs corresponds to the maximum distance between the projections and the hollows characterizing the surface roughness.
  • the interior surface of the roofing element is smooth.
  • the entire interior surface of the roofing element comprises a plurality of reliefs extending in an unordered and multidirectional manner in the plane of the interior surface of the roofing element.
  • the multi-directional surface roughness of the inner surface has the same advantages as that of the outer surface.
  • the plurality of reliefs of the interior surface has a variation in thickness around the plane of the interior surface of between 0.1mm and 2mm, preferably between 0.1mm and 0.5mm.
  • At least each of the longitudinal sides or edges comprises a reduction in thickness or a chamfer connecting to the exterior surface and defined by an end length and thickness.
  • the chamfers make it possible to avoid the concentration and coalescence of drops on the lower edge of the roofing element and thus to avoid the concentration of dust, as well as the development of plants.
  • the flow of fluid is oriented from the upper transverse edge of the roofing element towards the lower transverse edge of the roofing element, which makes it possible to avoid the concentration of fluids on the lower transverse edge.
  • the chamfers thus further improve the lifespan of the roof elements and the waterproofing of the roof.
  • the length defining the chamfer is equal to the distance measured between the start of the variation in thickness of the reliefs and a longitudinal side of the roofing element, said distance being between 1mm and 15mm, preferably between 2mm and 10mm .
  • the end thickness is equal to the thickness of the longitudinal side of the roofing element and depends on the thickness of the roofing element.
  • the end thickness is between 0.5mm and the thickness of the roofing element minus 0.5mm, preferably between 1mm and half the thickness of the roofing element.
  • the sides or transverse edges of the roofing element each comprise a reduction in thickness or a chamfer connecting to the exterior surface and defined by the length and the end thickness.
  • all four sides of the roof element include a reduction in thickness or chamfer.
  • each of the chamfers is flat and extends obliquely from a longitudinal edge towards the exterior surface of the roofing element.
  • the chamfers make it possible to avoid the concentration and coalescence of drops on the lower edge of the roofing element and thus to avoid the concentration of dust, as well as the development of plants.
  • the roofing element is made from a plastic material, in particular thermoplastic, for example a polyolefin, for example Polyvinyl Chloride, acronym PVC, for example acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, acronym ABS, for example polystyrene, acronym PS, or other types of thermoplastics.
  • thermoplastic for example a polyolefin, for example Polyvinyl Chloride, acronym PVC, for example acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, acronym ABS, for example polystyrene, acronym PS, or other types of thermoplastics.
  • the roofing element is made from the mixture of a plastic material, in particular thermoplastic, with a powder of tire particles, called "micronized rubber powder" in English terms. Saxons.
  • PolyVinyl Chloride is recycled from used joinery.
  • Such a plastic material has both good rigidity conferred by the use of thermoplastic and good flexibility and tolerance to deformation conferred by the tire particle powder.
  • Such a roofing element is lighter than a natural slate tile, so that it can be adapted to frames designed to accommodate shingles covering certain roofs. In addition, it is installed like a natural slate tile, using the same hooks and the same tools.
  • Such a roofing element has increased mechanical resistance compared to natural slate and offers better waterproofing than natural slates.
  • the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a roofing element as described above in which the roofing element is manufactured by injection of a plastic material into a mold.
  • the roofing element is manufactured by extrusion of a smooth plate and application of a surface texturing roller or by compression of the surface, or stamping to form the plurality of reliefs on at least the exterior surface of the roof element.
  • the invention relates to a roof or roof of a building or construction comprising a plurality of roof elements as described above, in which said roof elements are juxtaposed in a direction perpendicular to the slope of said roof and arranged overlapping in the direction of said slope.
  • the roof comprises sleepers or battens secured to stringers or rafters forming the roof frame and in which the roof elements are arranged in a staggered manner on the sleepers and each fixed using a hook secured to a sleeper .
  • the fixing hooks comprise, for example, a central part extending on one side by a first curved part for retaining a roof element and on the other side by a second part fixed to a crosspiece.
  • the covering area of a roof element is held by the hook of the roof element above which is placed on top.
  • Installing a roof element is similar to installing natural slate on a roof. Such an installation is known and will not be described further.
  • the roof element 10 has a rectangular shape delimited by two large lateral sides 10a, 10b and two small lateral sides 10c, 10d.
  • the longitudinal direction X corresponds to a direction parallel to the large lateral sides 10a, 10b and the transverse direction Y is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction.
  • the roof element 10 may have a square shape.
  • the roof element 10 has the shape of a quadrilateral whose four angles are right.
  • THE figures 1 And 2 represent very schematically a partial plan of a roof 1 made using roof elements 10 according to the invention.
  • the roof or roof 1 is here inclined and comprises a plurality of roof elements 10 in the form of rectangular plates juxtaposed in a direction Z perpendicular to the slope of said roof 1 and arranged overlapping in the direction of said slope.
  • the roof elements 10 are placed in a staggered manner on wooden crosspieces or battens 2 secured to stringers or rafters 3 forming the roof frame (not shown). Alternatively, the roof elements could be placed on a batten.
  • each roof element 10 comprises a first zone Z1 called “covering”, placed on a crosspiece 2, a second zone Z2 called “pureau”, in contact with a roof element superimposed in the direction of the slope, and a third intermediate zone Z3 called “false pureau”. All of the zones Z1, Z2, Z3 delimit the total length L of the roof element 10.
  • Each roof element 10 is held in its second pureau zone Z2, in particular its lower side 10d, using a fixing hook 4 fixed to the crosspieces 2.
  • the fixing hooks 4 comprise a central part 4a extending on one side by a first curved part 4b for retaining a roof element 10 and on the other side by a second part 4c fixed to a crosspiece 2.
  • the first zone Z1 of covering a roof element is held by the hook of the roof element 10 above which is placed on top.
  • the installation of a roof element 10 is similar to the installation of natural slate on a roof. Such an installation is known and will not be described further.
  • each of the roof elements 10 is delimited by two longitudinal sides 10a, 10b of large dimension, two transverse sides 10c, 10d of small dimension, smaller than that of the longitudinal sides 10a, 10b. Said sides 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d delimit a closed peripheral contour of said roof element 10.
  • Each of the roof elements 10 is further delimited by an exterior face or surface 12, intended to be exposed to the weather and an opposite, interior face or surface 14, advantageously intended to bear on the roof frame 1.
  • the exterior surface 12 extends here along an XY extension plane.
  • each roof element 10 comprises a plurality of reliefs 16 extending in an unordered manner inside the extension plane XY of the exterior surface 12.
  • the plurality of reliefs 16 characterizes the surface roughness of the exterior surface 12 of the roofing element 10.
  • the reliefs 16 can form straight and/or curved line profiles and certain reliefs 16 may or may not have the same shape.
  • the plurality of reliefs 16 includes streaks or furrows, and projections.
  • the reliefs 16 are here not regularly spaced from each other over the entire exterior surface 12 of the roof element 10.
  • the plurality of reliefs 16 extends multidirectionally in the plane XY of the exterior surface 12.
  • the plurality of reliefs 16 presents a variation in thickness ⁇ e around the plane XY of extension of the exterior surface 12 of between 0.1mm and 2mm, preferably between 0.1mm and 0.5mm.
  • the extension XY plane here is a medium plane.
  • the variation in thickness ⁇ e of the plurality of reliefs 16 corresponds to the maximum distance between the projections and the hollows characterizing the surface roughness of the exterior surface 12.
  • the multidirectional surface roughness promotes the flow of fluids between two overlapping roof elements.
  • the interior face 14 of the roof element 10 is smooth.
  • each roof element 10 comprises a plurality of reliefs (not shown) extending in an unordered manner inside the plane of extension of the interior surface 14 in such a manner. to characterize a multidirectional surface roughness of said interior surface 14.
  • the plurality of reliefs of the interior surface 14 has a variation in thickness around the plane of the interior surface 14 of between 0.1mm and 2mm, preferably between 0.1mm and 0.5mm.
  • each roof element 10 comprises a reduction in thickness or chamfer 12a connecting to the exterior surface 12 and defined by a length c and an end thickness b.
  • Each of the chamfers 12a is flat and extends obliquely from a longitudinal edge 10a, 10b towards the exterior surface 12 of the roof element 10.
  • the length c corresponds to the distance measured between the start of the variation in thickness ⁇ e of the reliefs 16 and a longitudinal edge 10a of the roof element 10.
  • the distance c is between 1mm and 15mm, preferably between 2mm and 10mm .
  • the end thickness b corresponds to the thickness of the longitudinal edge 10a of the roof element 10.
  • the end thickness b depends on the average thickness E of the roof element 10 and is between 0.5mm and E-0.5mm, preferably between 1mm and half of the average thickness E.
  • each roof element 10 comprises a reduction in thickness or chamfer 12b connecting to the exterior surface 12 and defined by the length c and the end thickness b, according to the equations below -above.
  • Each of the chamfers 12b is flat and extends obliquely from a longitudinal edge 10c, 10d towards the exterior surface 12 of the roof element 10.
  • the four sides of the roof element 10 include a reduction in thickness or chamfer 12a, 12b.
  • the chamfers 12a, 12b make it possible to avoid the concentration and coalescence of drops on the lower edge 10d of the roofing element and thus to avoid the concentration of dust, as well as the development of plants. Indeed, the flow of fluid is oriented from the upper transverse edge 10d of the roofing element 10 towards the lower transverse edge 10d of said roofing element 10, which makes it possible to avoid the concentration of fluids on the lower transverse edge 10d .
  • the roof element 10 is made of non-porous and hydrophobic synthetic material.
  • the roof element 10 is made from a plastic material, in particular thermoplastic.
  • Such a plastic material has good rigidity conferred by the use of thermoplastic.
  • PolyVinyl Chloride is recycled from used joinery.
  • Tire particle powder provides good flexibility and tolerance to deformation.
  • Such a roofing element 10 is lighter than natural slate, so that it can be adapted to frames intended to receive shingles covering certain roofs. Additionally, it is installed like a natural slate tile, using the same hooks and tools.
  • Such a roofing element 10 has increased mechanical resistance compared to a natural slate tile and offers better waterproofing than natural slate tiles.
  • the roof element 10 is manufactured by injecting a plastic material into a mold.
  • the roofing element 10 may be manufactured by extruding a smooth plate and applying a surface texturing roller or by compressing the surface, or stamping to impart the rough surface finish to the exterior surface. and/or interior of the roof element 10.
  • the method of manufacturing the roof element 10 is not limited to the methods described.
  • roofing element made of non-porous and hydrophobic material, the problem of movement of fluids by capillary action known in natural slates and from fiber cement is eliminated.
  • the surface roughness makes it possible to avoid the suction phenomena observed between hydrophobic roof elements having smooth exterior surfaces, to improve the evacuation of fluids and to avoid the retention of fluids which can promote the concentration of particles, or even the development of vegetation between two superimposed roof elements. This increases the lifespan of the roof elements and the waterproofing of the roof.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
EP23201301.1A 2022-10-07 2023-10-02 Nichtporöses und hydrophobes dachelement und dach eines bauwerks mit einem solchen dachelement Pending EP4357549A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR2210316A FR3140639A1 (fr) 2022-10-07 2022-10-07 Elément de toiture non poreux et hydrophobe, et toiture d’une construction comprenant un tel élément de toiture

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4357549A1 true EP4357549A1 (de) 2024-04-24

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP23201301.1A Pending EP4357549A1 (de) 2022-10-07 2023-10-02 Nichtporöses und hydrophobes dachelement und dach eines bauwerks mit einem solchen dachelement

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EP (1) EP4357549A1 (de)
FR (1) FR3140639A1 (de)

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2724961A1 (fr) 1994-09-23 1996-03-29 Fanimeca Sarl Ardoise artificielle destinee a la realisation de toitures de constructions
US6808785B1 (en) * 2003-06-02 2004-10-26 Certainteed Corporation Synthetic roofing shingle or tile
US20070266562A1 (en) * 2003-06-02 2007-11-22 Friedman Michael L Synthetic Roofing Shingle or Tile
US20110056148A1 (en) * 2009-09-10 2011-03-10 Certainteed Corporation Panel For Use As Exterior Covering For Roofing Or Siding And Building Structure Having Same
US7934346B2 (en) * 2007-03-29 2011-05-03 Certainteed Corporation Process of treating a synthetic shingle and shingle made thereby
US8136322B2 (en) * 2009-08-25 2012-03-20 Tamko Building Products, Inc. Composite shingle
US20150143767A1 (en) * 2013-11-27 2015-05-28 Tapco International Corporation Dual-arch roof tile
US20200199874A1 (en) * 2018-12-19 2020-06-25 Zinniatek Limited Roofing, cladding or siding module, its manufacture and use

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2724961A1 (fr) 1994-09-23 1996-03-29 Fanimeca Sarl Ardoise artificielle destinee a la realisation de toitures de constructions
US6808785B1 (en) * 2003-06-02 2004-10-26 Certainteed Corporation Synthetic roofing shingle or tile
US20070266562A1 (en) * 2003-06-02 2007-11-22 Friedman Michael L Synthetic Roofing Shingle or Tile
US7934346B2 (en) * 2007-03-29 2011-05-03 Certainteed Corporation Process of treating a synthetic shingle and shingle made thereby
US8136322B2 (en) * 2009-08-25 2012-03-20 Tamko Building Products, Inc. Composite shingle
US20110056148A1 (en) * 2009-09-10 2011-03-10 Certainteed Corporation Panel For Use As Exterior Covering For Roofing Or Siding And Building Structure Having Same
US20150143767A1 (en) * 2013-11-27 2015-05-28 Tapco International Corporation Dual-arch roof tile
US20200199874A1 (en) * 2018-12-19 2020-06-25 Zinniatek Limited Roofing, cladding or siding module, its manufacture and use

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR3140639A1 (fr) 2024-04-12

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