EP4122071A1 - Procédé de fonctionnement d'un accumulateur au lithium avec un réseau de bord, conçu pour un accumulateur au plomb, d'un sous-marin - Google Patents

Procédé de fonctionnement d'un accumulateur au lithium avec un réseau de bord, conçu pour un accumulateur au plomb, d'un sous-marin

Info

Publication number
EP4122071A1
EP4122071A1 EP21711217.6A EP21711217A EP4122071A1 EP 4122071 A1 EP4122071 A1 EP 4122071A1 EP 21711217 A EP21711217 A EP 21711217A EP 4122071 A1 EP4122071 A1 EP 4122071A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
submarine
electrical system
voltage
voltage converter
current
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21711217.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jakob REICHENBÄCHER
Philip Frank
Boris Nagorny
Holger JEDTBERG
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ThyssenKrupp AG
ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems GmbH
Original Assignee
ThyssenKrupp AG
ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ThyssenKrupp AG, ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems GmbH filed Critical ThyssenKrupp AG
Publication of EP4122071A1 publication Critical patent/EP4122071A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
    • H02H7/268—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured for dc systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
    • B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
    • B63G8/08—Propulsion

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a DC / DC converter for a lithium battery, which can be used as a replacement for a lead-acid battery in a submarine, and wherein the lithium battery in the event of a short circuit behaves like a lead-acid battery due to the DC / DC converter and so the fuses that are on the Lead-acid batteries are designed to be able to trigger.
  • submarines are regularly equipped with lead-acid batteries. This is due, among other things, to the proven system, its availability as a certified component and the simple enlargement of the individual cell. As a result, the electrical systems of current submarines are designed for the lead-acid batteries used. This also applies, for example, to the fuses used in the submarines.
  • the use of rechargeable batteries based on lithium is currently being discussed increasingly, as these can have a higher energy density than comparable lead-acid batteries.
  • the new batteries are preferably designed in the form factor of the previous lead-acid batteries, making them easy to replace. Since the individual elementary cells in a lithium accumulator are significantly smaller than the individual elementary cells in a lead accumulator and due to the different voltages, lithium accumulators are often connected to the submarine's on-board network via DC voltage converters. Furthermore, lithium accumulators have a very low internal resistance and, due to the smaller cells, many are connected in parallel, so that very high short-circuit currents would occur in a lithium accumulator that is addressed directly. This problem can also be avoided by using a DC voltage converter and the resulting separation of the networks.
  • the DC voltage converter creates a galvanic separation between the lithium batteries and the on-board network. It has therefore turned out to be a problem that the fuses designed for lead-acid batteries with new lithium batteries no longer reliably trigger when a short circuit occurs, since the short-circuit currents necessary for triggering are regulated down by the DC voltage converter.
  • a DC voltage converter for lithium batteries is known from DE 10 2017 009 527 A1.
  • DE 10 2017 002 113 A1 discloses a submarine and a method for operating a drive system of a submarine.
  • a method and a device for supplying energy to a low-voltage load are known from DE 10 2015 105 476 A1.
  • a power supply device and a method for limiting an input current of a power supply device are known from DE 10 2013 113 648 A1.
  • DE 10 2005 031 833 A1 discloses a method and an electronic power supply device for supplying energy to a low-voltage load secured by a protective device.
  • DE 10 2015 016 000 A1 discloses a switching arrangement for a motor vehicle and a method for discharging Y capacitances in vehicles with a high-voltage electrical system.
  • a device and a method for monitoring a switch of a battery as well as a battery module, a battery, a battery system, a vehicle, a computer program and a computer program product are known.
  • a vehicle with a fuel cell or battery-powered energy supply network is known.
  • the object of the invention is to enable a submarine to be converted from lead-acid batteries to lithium batteries without having to convert the entire on-board network.
  • the method according to the invention is used to operate a DC voltage converter on board a submarine.
  • the DC / DC converter is arranged between at least one first lithium battery and a first on-board network of the submarine, the method comprising the following steps: a) measuring the voltage applied to the on-board network, b) measuring the current flowing into the on-board network, c) detecting a potential Short circuit in the vehicle electrical system due to the voltage measured in step a) and the current measured in step b), d) temporary increase in the current output up to a maximum current for the detected voltage in the vehicle electrical system.
  • the method according to the invention thus balances the risks.
  • An increase in the maximum current represents an increased risk for the consumers connected to the on-board network and also increases, for example, the risk of fire due to the greater amount of heat released in a short circuit.
  • the fuse should respond selectively to the short circuit and only remove the consumer affected by the short circuit from the network.
  • other consumers remain unaffected and can continue to be used to the full, for example to at least to be able to surface the submarine.
  • the procedure thus serves to weigh up interests and accepts an increase in the risk for a short time in order to be able to continue operating all other systems.
  • Such a consideration is of considerable importance on board a submarine due to the risk to the crew if the technical systems fail and distinguishes the application in a submarine from all other applications, for example in motor vehicles.
  • the on-board network of the submarine is preferably designed for connection to a lead-acid battery.
  • a lead-acid battery in the submarine was particularly preferably exchanged for a lithium battery.
  • the DC voltage converter also known as the DC chopper or DC-DC converter, electrically connects the lithium battery with the on-board network.
  • the electrical circuit arrangement of a DC voltage converter is generally known and can be implemented in various circuit topologies known per se. It is essential for the invention that a topology is selected which leads to a galvanic separation of the battery from the vehicle electrical system. Examples of suitable topologies are flyback converters, single-ended flux converters, push-pull flux converters or resonance converters.
  • the direct current is first converted into alternating current, transformed and then converted back into direct current.
  • the DC voltage converter is preferably constructed symmetrically.
  • the voltage provided by the lithium battery is adapted to the voltage of the on-board network by the DC voltage converter.
  • An example of such a DC voltage converter is shown, for example, in DE 102017009527 A1 in FIG. 4 and the associated description.
  • the DC / DC converter shown in the example has two H-bridges with four MOSFETs each. For separation, all eight MOSFETs are preferably non-conductive.
  • two diagonally opposite MOSFETS are always conductive and the other two diagonally opposite non-conductive ones, with this circuit being constantly changed. This continuous circuit ensures the conversion of direct current into alternating current, which is then transformed and on the other side analogously converted back into direct current.
  • the symmetrical design allows current to flow in both directions in order to enable both charging and discharging of the first accumulator.
  • the measurement of the voltage applied to the vehicle electrical system in step a) and the measurement of the current flowing from the DC voltage converter into the vehicle electrical system in step b) can take place simultaneously or in any order. Both measurements are preferably carried out continuously. The measurements are preferably carried out directly at the connection of the DC voltage converter in the vehicle electrical system. However, they can also be carried out at a different point in the vehicle electrical system away from the DC / DC converter. The voltage and the current can also be measured at different points, for example the current can be measured directly at the connection of the DC voltage converter to the vehicle electrical system and the voltage can be measured at a remote point.
  • the voltage is measured at several points in the vehicle electrical system and fed to the controller, so that either a plurality of voltages or an average value is taken into account.
  • the active control of the DC voltage converter takes place in particular by means of the voltage measured in step a). If it is determined that at a very low voltage (first sign of a short circuit) a high current is flowing (second sign of a short circuit), this means that for a short, limited period of time in step d) the control of the DC / DC converter controls the maximum current flowing raises. The time limit is necessary to avoid permanent overloading of the cables and connectors with high short-circuit currents and the resulting damage.
  • the purpose of limiting the maximum current flowing is to prevent a corresponding load and, in extreme cases, thermal runaway of the lithium battery and to protect the components installed in the on-board network from the very high short-circuit currents of the lithium batteries. Due to the temporary increase, a sufficiently high current can be made available so that a fuse designed for a lead-acid battery can also respond in the event of a short circuit.
  • a potential short circuit in the vehicle electrical system is detected on the basis of the voltage measured in step a) and the current measured in step b).
  • the resistance of the on-board network can be determined continuously from current and voltage. For example, a rapid drop or fall below a threshold value can be used to detect a short circuit in the simplest case.
  • the speed and strength of the increase in the current flow must also be taken into account, with a shorter time being evaluated as an indicator of a short circuit for a steeper increase and accordingly having to take place over a longer period of time if the increase is less pronounced.
  • other methods known to the person skilled in the art for detecting a short circuit can also be used. It can also be taken into account that capacitive loads, for example power supplies, can also occur as very short-term voltage sources and thus lead to a flattening of the drop in the detected resistance.
  • the selective detection of the short circuit can take place via various characteristics of the current and the voltage.
  • the voltage can be measured and in the event of a rapid drop and depending on the depth of the dip, the control can initiate the method after various times have elapsed.
  • the change in the current and / or the voltage is recorded over time, so that a short circuit is quickly detected in the event of particularly strong changes that are outside normal load jumps.
  • control can be connected to other controls so that the charge status of all batteries connected to the on-board network, switching statuses and / or statuses of systems on board are recorded, so that it is recognized whether the change in voltage or current is due to the charge statuses of others Lithium batteries, switching operations on board or control interventions of other systems takes place. For example, this would prevent switching on a higher load level on the traction motor from being mistakenly recognized as a short circuit.
  • Lithium accumulator is to be understood broadly in the context of the invention.
  • a submarine for example, usually does not have a single accumulator, but one cascaded system of accumulators.
  • the energy store of a submarine usually consists of about 10 to 50 strings, each string being connected to the on-board network via a DC voltage converter.
  • a string is therefore usually to be equated with a lithium accumulator for the purposes of the invention.
  • Each string usually has about 4 to 10 modules and each module consists, for example, of 20 to 500 single-cell accumulators.
  • the limited increase in the maximum current in step d) takes place for a period of 100 ms to 2 s, preferably from 200 ms to 1 s, more preferably from 200 ms to 500 ms, particularly preferably from 200 ms to 400 ms.
  • a period of 100 ms to 2 s preferably from 200 ms to 1 s, more preferably from 200 ms to 500 ms, particularly preferably from 200 ms to 400 ms.
  • the maximum current is temporarily increased to 1.5 to 3 times the normal maximum current, preferably to 1.75 to 2.5 times the normal maximum current.
  • the temporary increase in the maximum current takes place for a period of 300 ms to twice the normal maximum current.
  • the invention relates to a submarine with an on-board network and at least one lithium battery.
  • the vehicle electrical system and the at least one lithium accumulator are connected via a galvanically isolating DC voltage converter, the DC voltage converter being designed to carry out the method according to the invention.
  • the hull of the submarine is used as electrical earth.
  • the submarine has a first resistance measuring device between the electrical system and the hull. This resistance measurement is common to determine insulation defects. If only one defect occurs, this is not critical, but can easily be determined by measuring the resistance and thus be remedied. If a second insulation defect occurs, a short circuit could occur across the hull.
  • a second resistance measuring device is arranged between the circuit between the lithium accumulator and the DC voltage converter and the hull. Due to the galvanic isolation by the DC voltage converter, a separate measurement must be made for each individual network. If several strings are connected to the vehicle electrical system via DC voltage converters, each network of a string has its own resistance measuring device. This enables insulation defects in the on-board network or in the line networks to be identified quickly and easily.
  • the submarine according to the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to an exemplary embodiment shown in the drawing.
  • FIG. 1 Schematic sketch of a submarine according to the invention
  • the submarine has a hull 10, which is usually made of metal and is therefore electrically conductive.
  • the submarine also has a first lithium battery 20 and a second lithium battery 22, which serve as energy stores.
  • the first lithium accumulator 20 is connected to the vehicle electrical system 60 via a first DC voltage converter 30, the second lithium accumulator 22 is connected to the vehicle electrical system 60 via a second DC voltage converter 32.
  • the first DC voltage converter 30 is controlled via a first control unit 40 and the second DC voltage converter 32 is controlled via a second control unit 42.
  • a first consumer 80 is connected to the vehicle electrical system 60 via a first fuse 70 and a second consumer 82 via a second fuse 72 separates the first consumer 80 from the vehicle electrical system 60.
  • the second consumer 82 can continue to be supplied with energy.
  • the first fuse 70 and the second fuse 72 are designed for their behavior in the event of a short circuit.
  • the lead batteries are replaced by lithium batteries 20, 22, so it is necessary to control the first DC voltage converter 30 via the first control unit and the second DC voltage converter 32 via the second control unit 42 in such a way that the first fuse 70 in the event of a Short circuit in the first consumer 80 still responds.
  • the voltage on the vehicle electrical system 60 drops, and a high current flows at the same time.
  • first control unit 40 and the second control unit 42 and the first DC voltage converter 30 and the second DC voltage converter 32 are then controlled for a period of 200 ms to 1 s, for example for a period of 500 ms, in such a way that a higher current is applied the vehicle electrical system 60 can be delivered.
  • the first fuse 70 can respond and disconnect the defective first consumer 80 from the vehicle electrical system 60.
  • the first lithium accumulator 20 consists of a string of 6 modules, each module consisting of 100 single-cell accumulators.
  • the second lithium accumulator 22 also consists of a string of 6 modules, each module consisting of 100 single-cell accumulators.
  • the submarine has three resistance measuring devices 50, 52, 90. About the first
  • Resistance measuring device 90 is used to detect insulation defects in on-board electrical system 60. Insulation defects in the networks of the accumulators cannot be detected via the first resistance measuring device 90, since the first DC voltage converter 30 and the second DC voltage converter 32 create a galvanic separation.
  • the network of the first lithium accumulator 20 therefore has a second resistance measuring device 50 and the network of the second lithium accumulator 22 has a third resistance measuring device 52.
  • first fuse On-board network, first fuse, second fuse, first consumer, second consumer, first resistance measuring device

Landscapes

  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de fonctionnement d'un convertisseur continu-continu (30, 32) embarqué dans un sous-marin, le convertisseur continu-continu (30, 32) étant disposé entre au moins un premier accumulateur au lithium (20) et un premier réseau de bord (60) du sous-marin, le procédé présentant les étapes suivantes : a) mesure de la tension appliquée au réseau de bord (60), b) mesure de l'intensité circulant dans le réseau de bord (60), c) détection dans le réseau de bord (60) d'un court-circuit potentiel dû à une faible tension et une tension élevée, d) augmenter pendant un temps déterminé l'intensité maximale pour la tension appliquée.
EP21711217.6A 2020-03-18 2021-03-09 Procédé de fonctionnement d'un accumulateur au lithium avec un réseau de bord, conçu pour un accumulateur au plomb, d'un sous-marin Pending EP4122071A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102020203469.9A DE102020203469A1 (de) 2020-03-18 2020-03-18 Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Lithium-Akkumulators an einem auf Bleiakkumulatoren ausgelegtem Bordnetz in einem Unterseeboot
PCT/EP2021/055868 WO2021185630A1 (fr) 2020-03-18 2021-03-09 Procédé de fonctionnement d'un accumulateur au lithium avec un réseau de bord, conçu pour un accumulateur au plomb, d'un sous-marin

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4122071A1 true EP4122071A1 (fr) 2023-01-25

Family

ID=74870824

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP21711217.6A Pending EP4122071A1 (fr) 2020-03-18 2021-03-09 Procédé de fonctionnement d'un accumulateur au lithium avec un réseau de bord, conçu pour un accumulateur au plomb, d'un sous-marin

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4122071A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102020203469A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2021185630A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102022208979A1 (de) 2022-08-30 2024-02-29 Thyssenkrupp Ag Verfahren zur Steigerung der Reichweite eines getauchten Unterseebootes

Family Cites Families (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19503749C1 (de) 1995-02-04 1996-04-18 Daimler Benz Ag Fahrzeug mit einem brennstoffzellen- oder batteriegespeisten Energieversorgungsnetz
DE102005031833B4 (de) 2005-07-06 2017-01-05 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren und elektronische Stromversorgungsvorrichtung zur Energieversorgung einer durch eine Schutzeinrichtung gesicherten Niederspannungslast
DE102006051831B4 (de) * 2006-11-03 2008-07-17 Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft Gmbh Unterseeboot
DE102008053074A1 (de) * 2008-07-09 2010-01-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Schnellschalteinrichtung für eine Hochleistungs-Batterie in einem Gleichstrominselnetz
WO2013167199A1 (fr) 2012-05-11 2013-11-14 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Procédé et appareil de fusion d'un fusible dans une configuration à une seule sortie et à charges multiples
DE102012210078A1 (de) 2012-06-15 2013-12-19 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Energieversorgungsvorrichtung für ein Fahrzeug und selbstfahrender Arbeitszug
FR3005534B1 (fr) * 2013-05-07 2015-06-05 Commissariat Energie Atomique Protection d'une alimentation incluant plusieurs batteries en parallele contre un court circuit externe
DE102013113648A1 (de) 2013-12-06 2015-06-11 Weidmüller Interface GmbH & Co. KG Stromversorgungseinrichtung und Verfahren zum Begrenzen eines Ausgangsstroms einer Stromversorgungseinrichtung
DE102014223274A1 (de) 2014-11-14 2016-05-19 Robert Bosch Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Überwachung eines Schalters einer Batterie sowie Batteriemodul,Batterie, Batteriesystem, Fahrzeug, Computerprogramm und Computerprogrammprodukt
DE102015105476A1 (de) 2015-04-10 2016-10-13 Abb Schweiz Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Energieversorgung einer Niederspannungslast
DE102015016000A1 (de) 2015-12-10 2016-08-11 Daimler Ag Schaltungsanordnung für ein Kraftfahrzeug und Verfahren zur Entladung von Y-Kapazitäten in Fahrzeugen mit Hochvoltbordnetz
DE102017002113A1 (de) 2017-03-08 2018-09-13 Thyssenkrupp Ag Unterseeboot und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Antriebssystems eines Unterseebootes
FR3064124B1 (fr) * 2017-03-16 2019-04-19 Dcns Systeme d'alimentation en energie electrique notamment d'un reseau de bord d'un sous-marin
DE102017009527A1 (de) 2017-10-12 2019-04-18 Thyssenkrupp Ag Verfahren zum Versorgen einer Fahranlage eines Unterseebootes mit elektrischer Energie und Fahrnetz eines Unterseebootes
EP3608152B1 (fr) * 2018-08-06 2022-06-22 Ningbo Geely Automobile Research & Development Co. Ltd. Procédé pour détecter un défaut d'isolation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2021185630A1 (fr) 2021-09-23
DE102020203469A1 (de) 2021-09-23

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