EP4087060A1 - Antennenzelle mit sendernetz - Google Patents

Antennenzelle mit sendernetz Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4087060A1
EP4087060A1 EP22170844.9A EP22170844A EP4087060A1 EP 4087060 A1 EP4087060 A1 EP 4087060A1 EP 22170844 A EP22170844 A EP 22170844A EP 4087060 A1 EP4087060 A1 EP 4087060A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna element
conductive
point
cell
antenna
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22170844.9A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Francesco FOGLIA MANZILLO
Antonio Clemente
Maciej SMIERZCHALSKI
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
Original Assignee
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA, Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA filed Critical Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Publication of EP4087060A1 publication Critical patent/EP4087060A1/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/44—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element
    • H01Q3/46—Active lenses or reflecting arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters 
    • H01Q15/242—Polarisation converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H01Q21/245—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction provided with means for varying the polarisation 
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
    • H01Q1/288—Satellite antennas

Definitions

  • This description relates generally to electronic devices.
  • the present application relates more particularly to the field of radio antennas with a transmitter array (“transmitarray antenna”).
  • radio antennas called “transmitter network” are known in particular. These antennas generally comprise several elementary cells each comprising a first antenna element irradiated by an electromagnetic field emitted by one or more sources, a second antenna element transmitting a modified signal to the outside of the antenna and a coupling element between the first and second antenna elements.
  • reconfigurable transmitter array antennas making it possible to select, for each cell, a phase shift value from among a plurality of predefined values, while using a minimum number of electronic components. It would also be desirable to be able to dynamically modify the polarization of the radiated wave. This would make it possible in particular to reduce the costs and to improve the efficiency of antennas with a transmitter array, as well as to increase the flexibility of polarization for communications with one or more satellites.
  • One embodiment overcomes all or part of the drawbacks of known transmitter array antennas.
  • the output terminal of the first antenna element is connected to an input terminal of the coupler by a first conductive via.
  • the coupler comprises first, second, third and fourth output terminals, the coupler being adapted to introduce, on its second and fourth output terminals, a phase shift equal to approximately 90° with respect to a signal present on its first and third output terminals.
  • first, second, third and fourth input terminals of the second antenna element are respectively connected to the first, second, third and fourth output terminals of the coupler by four second conductive vias.
  • the first and third points of the conductive crown are diametrically opposed and the second and fourth points of the conductive crown are diametrically opposed, the diameter on which the first and third points are located being orthogonal to the diameter on which are located the second and fourth points.
  • the second antenna element further comprises second, third, fourth and fifth delay lines each introducing a phase shift equal to approximately 180° and each comprising a first end connected to one of the first, second , third and fourth input terminals of the second antenna element and a second end connected to one of the first, second, third and fourth points of the conductive ring.
  • the second antenna element further comprises second and third delay lines each introducing a phase shift equal to approximately 180°, the second delay line connecting the second point of the conductive crown to the fourth point of the conductive crown and the third delay line connecting the first point of the conductive crown to the third point of the conductive crown.
  • One embodiment provides a transmitter network comprising a plurality of cells as described.
  • One embodiment provides an antenna comprising a transmitter grating as described and at least one source configured to irradiate one face of the grating.
  • each primary source is adapted to produce a beam of generally conical shape irradiating all or part of the transmitter network.
  • Each primary source comprises for example a horn antenna.
  • the central axis of each primary source is substantially orthogonal to the mean plane of the network.
  • the expressions "about”, “approximately”, “substantially”, and “of the order of” mean to within 10%, preferably within 5% or, in the case of angular values, within 10°, preferably within 5°.
  • the figure 1 is a schematic side view of an exemplary transmitter array antenna 100 of the type to which the described embodiments apply, by way of example.
  • the antenna 100 typically comprises one or more primary sources 101 (a single source 101, in the example shown) irradiating a transmitter network 103.
  • the source 101 can have any polarization, for example linear or circular.
  • the network 103 comprises a plurality of elementary cells 105, for example arranged in a matrix along rows and columns. Each cell 105 typically comprises a first antenna element 105a, located on the side of a first face of the array 103 arranged facing the primary source 101, and a second antenna element 105b, located on the side of a second face network opposite the first face.
  • the second face of the grating 103 is for example turned towards a transmission medium of the antenna 100.
  • Each cell 105 is able, in transmission, to receive electromagnetic radiation on its first antenna element 105a and to re-emit this radiation from its second antenna element 105b, for example by introducing a known phase shift ⁇ . In reception, each cell 105 is able to receive electromagnetic radiation on its second antenna element 105b and to re-emit this radiation from its first antenna element 105a with the same phase shift ⁇ .
  • the characteristics of the beam produced by the antenna 100 in particular its shape (or template) and its direction of maximum emission (or pointing direction), depend on the values of the phase shifts respectively introduced by the different cells 105 of the network 103.
  • Transmitter array antennas have the advantages, among others, of having good energy efficiency and of being relatively simple, inexpensive and inexpensive. cumbersome. This stems in particular from the fact that the transmitting networks can be produced using planar technology, generally on a printed circuit.
  • the transmitter network 103 is said to be reconfigurable when the elementary cells 105 are individually electronically controllable to modify their phase shift value ⁇ , which makes it possible to dynamically modify the characteristics of the beam generated by the antenna, and in particular to modify its pointing direction. without mechanically moving the antenna or part of the antenna by means of a motorized element.
  • the picture 2 is a perspective view, schematic and partial, of one of the cells 105 of the antenna 100 with transmitter array 103 of the figure 1 according to a first embodiment.
  • the structure of cell 105 shown in picture 2 can for example be made monolithically.
  • this structure can for example be obtained by stacking separate modules, these modules being for example separated by air or by one or more dielectric materials.
  • the cell 105 comprises, in addition to the first and second antenna elements 105a and 105b, a coupler 201.
  • the coupler 201 has a substantially planar structure interposed between the antenna elements 105a and 105b and parallel to these elements.
  • an output terminal O1 of the first antenna element 105a is connected to an input terminal I1 of the coupler 201 by a conductor via V1.
  • input terminals A, B, C and D of the second antenna element 105b are respectively connected to output terminals A', B', C' and D' of the coupler 201 by through VA, VB, VC and VD conductors.
  • Terminal I1 of coupler 201 is located directly above terminal O1 of first antenna element 105a and terminals A, B, C and D of second antenna element 105b are respectively located directly above terminals A ', B', C' and D' of coupler 201.
  • the first antenna element 105a comprises a planar conductive frame 203 and a conductive region 205 located inside the frame 203.
  • the frame 203 and the region 205 are coplanar and connected to each other. by a conductive track 207, located outside the plane of frame 203, and by two conductive vias V2 and V3.
  • via V2 extends vertically from one side of frame 203 to one end of track 207
  • via V3 extends vertically from conductive region 205 to the other end of track 207.
  • first antenna element 105a of the coupler 201 and of the second antenna element 105b of the cell 105 are described in more detail below in relation to the figures 3 to 5 .
  • the picture 3 is a top view, schematic and partial, of the first antenna element 105a of the cell 105 of the antenna 100 with the transmitter array 103 according to the first embodiment.
  • the first antenna element 105a comprises a conductive region 301 located inside the conductive frame 203 and in contact with the conductive via V1.
  • the conductive region 301 corresponds for example to the output terminal O1 of the first antenna element 105a.
  • conductive region 301 is connected to conductive frame 203 by a switching element D1, or switch, one conduction terminal of which is for example contact with the region 301 and of which another conduction terminal is for example in contact with the frame 203.
  • the conductive region 301 is also connected to the conductive region 205 by another switching element D2, one conduction terminal of which is for example in contact with the region 301 and another conduction terminal of which is by example in contact with region 205.
  • the switching elements D1 and D2 are diodes, for example PIN (Positive Intrinsic Negative) diodes, microelectromechanical switches (“Microelectromechanical switch” - MEMS, in English), varactors, etc.
  • the phase shift ⁇ 1 between the signal picked up by frame 203 and the signal transmitted to coupler 201 is non-zero.
  • the phase shift ⁇ 1 introduced between the signals is for example a function in particular of the length of the conductive track 207 and of the vias V2, V3 ( picture 2 ), track 207 acting as a delay line for the signal transmitted to coupler 201.
  • track 207 and vias V2, V3 form a conduction path having a total length adjusted so that the phase shift ⁇ 1 introduced when switch D2 is on is equal to approximately 90° ( ⁇ /2).
  • the phase shift introduced by the via V1 is not taken into account since it is the same in the two configurations of the antenna element 105a.
  • the first antenna element 105a is suitable for switching between two phase states ⁇ 1 (0° and 90° in this example).
  • the first antenna element 105a is similar to what is described in the American patent US 10680329 .
  • the figure 4 is a schematic partial top view of coupler 201 between first and second antenna elements 105a and 105b of cell 105 of antenna 100 with transmitter array 103 according to the first embodiment.
  • the input terminal I1 of the coupler 201 is located in the center of a square 401, or frame, formed by four conductive lines.
  • Terminal I1 is, in this example, connected to one of the corners of frame 401 by a conductive track 403 corresponding to a half-diagonal of the square.
  • the output terminals A', B', C' and D' of the coupler 201 are located outside the square 401.
  • the terminals A', B', C' and D' are approximately, in this example, located on the perimeter of a circle with center I1 and regularly spaced along this perimeter. More specifically, in the example shown, terminal A' is diametrically opposed to terminal C' and terminal B' is diametrically opposed to terminal D', the diameter on which are located the terminals A', I1 and C' being substantially orthogonal to the diameter on which are located the terminals B', I1 and D'.
  • the terminals A' and C' are connected to one another by a conductive track 405 forming a portion of an arc of a circle, corresponding substantially to a half-arc of a circle in this example.
  • a midpoint M1 of track 405 is connected, by a conductive track 407, to a corner of square 401 adjacent to the corner to which track 403 is connected.
  • Terminals A' and C' are substantially equidistant from terminal I1, that is to say that the terminals A' and C' are separated from the terminal I1 by conduction paths of substantially equal lengths.
  • the signals present at the output terminals A' and C' of the coupler 201 have a substantially zero phase shift relative to each other.
  • terminals B' and D' are connected together by another conductive track 409 forming a portion of an arc of a circle, substantially corresponding to a half-arc of a circle.
  • a midpoint M2 of track 409 is connected, by a conductive track 411, to an angle of square 401 opposite to the angle at which track 403 is connected.
  • Terminals B' and D' are substantially equidistant from terminal I1, that is to say that the terminals B' and D' are separated from the terminal I1 by conduction paths of substantially equal lengths.
  • the signals present at the output terminals B′ and D′ of coupler 201 have a substantially zero phase shift relative to each other.
  • the conduction path separating each of the terminals B', D' from the terminal I1 is longer than the conduction path separating each of the terminals A', C' from the terminal I1. More specifically, in this example, the length of the conduction path separating terminals B' and D' from terminal I1 is greater, by a length substantially equal to one side of the square formed by square 401, to the length of the conduction path separating terminals A' and C' from terminal I1. This makes it possible to introduce a phase shift ⁇ 2 between the signals present at the terminals A', C' on the one hand, and the signals present at the terminals B', D' on the other hand. By way of example, the dimensions of the square 401 are adjusted so that the phase shift ⁇ 2 is equal to approximately 90°.
  • the coupler 201 also performs a power division of the signal present on its input I1.
  • the signal present on each output A′, B′, C′, D′ of coupler 201 has a lower power, by a factor substantially equal to four, than the power of the signal present on the input I1.
  • coupler 201 is a passive element, ie coupler 201 does not include any active electrical component.
  • the coupler 201 preferably only comprises conductive tracks.
  • the figure 5 is a top view, schematic and partial, of the second antenna element 105b of the cell 105 of the antenna 100 with the transmitter array 103 according to the first embodiment.
  • the second antenna element 105b comprises a conductive ring 501 of circular and substantially planar shape.
  • the crown may be replaced by a disc-shaped or square-shaped conductive region whose corners may be cut.
  • the crown 501 allows for example the second antenna element 105b of the cell 105 to emit electromagnetic radiation towards the outside of the antenna 100.
  • each input terminal A, B, C, D of the second antenna element is connected to a point PA, PB, PC, PD of the crown 501.
  • the points PA, PB, PC and PD are for example distributed in a regular manner on the periphery of the crown 501.
  • the point PA is diametrically opposed to the point PC and the point PB is diametrically opposed to the point PD, the diameter on which the points PA and PC are located being substantially orthogonal to the diameter on which the points are located PB and PD.
  • each input terminal A, B, C, D is connected to the point PA, PB, PC, PD by a switching element or switch DA, DB, DC, DD.
  • Each terminal A, B, C, D is also connected to the point PA, PB, PC, PD by a conductive track 503A, 503B, 503C, 503D located outside the crown 501.
  • the switch DA, DB, DC, DD when the switch DA, DB, DC, DD is in the blocked state, the signal present on the associated input A, B, C, D is transmitted to the point PA, PB, PC, PD of the crown 501 via the corresponding conductive track 503A, 503B, 503C, 503D.
  • the length of the conductive tracks 503A, 503B, 503C and 503D is adjusted so that the phase shift ⁇ 3 is, when the switch DA, DB, DC, DD is off, equal to around 180°.
  • each switch DA, DB, DC, DD makes it possible to short-circuit the associated track 503A, 503B, 503C, 503D.
  • the phase shift ⁇ 3 of the signal present at the point PA, PB, PC, PD of the crown 501 with respect to the signal present at the input A, B, C, D is in this case substantially zero.
  • the second antenna element 105b is suitable for switching between two phase states ⁇ 3 (0° and 180° in this example). Due in particular to the arrangement of the points PA, PB, PC and PD on the ring 501, the second antenna element 105b also makes it possible to switch between two states or directions of circular polarization, respectively right (clockwise, from the point view of the source 101) and left (counter-clockwise, from the view of the source 101).
  • the position of the points PA, PB, PC and PD as well as the values of the phase shifts (more or less 90°) between two successive points determine the direction of current flow in ring 501, and therefore the state of polarization of the radiated field.
  • the tracks 503A, 503B, 503C and 503D can be replaced by other structures, for example structures comprising delay lines coupled to so-called “localized” elements such as capacitors, so as to reduce the size of the second antenna element 105b.
  • the figure 6 is a side view and in section, according to plan AA of the figures 3 to 5 , schematic and partial, of the cell 105 of the antenna 100 with transmitter array 103 according to the first embodiment.
  • the cell 105 is for example made in a printed circuit board comprising a stack of metallization levels 601 separated from each other by dielectric layers.
  • the cell 105 more precisely comprises six levels of metallization 601-1, 601-2, 601-3, 601-4, 601-5 and 601-6.
  • the conductive via V1 extends vertically from level 601-1 to level 601-4 crossing level 601-3 without contacting it. Furthermore, the conductive vias V1, V2, V3 and V4 extend vertically from level 601-4 to level 601-6 by crossing level 601-5 without contacting it.
  • the figure 7 is an electrical diagram equivalent to cell 105 of antenna 100 with transmitter array 103 according to the first embodiment.
  • the switches D1 and D2 of the first antenna element 105a are PIN diodes controlled in current by signals ⁇ and ⁇ ', respectively.
  • the signals ⁇ , ⁇ ' can be assimilated to binary signals whose first and second levels, denoted for example "0" and "1", correspond respectively to off and on states of the diode D1, D2 associated.
  • Signal ⁇ ' corresponds for example to the opposite of signal ⁇ , so that diode D1 is off when diode D2 is on, and vice versa.
  • each of the vias VA, VB, VC, VD introduces substantially the same phase shift ⁇ of the signals present at the terminals A, B, C and D with respect to the signals present at the terminals A', B', C' and Of.
  • each conductive track 503A, 503B, 503C, 503D behaves like a delay line suitable for introducing the phase shift ⁇ 3 of 180° between the signal present on terminal A, B, C, D and the signal present at point PA , PB, PC, PD when the DA, DB, DC, DD diode is blocked.
  • the figure 8 is a top view, schematic and partial, of a part of the second antenna element 105b of the cell 105 of antenna 100 with transmitter array 103 according to a second embodiment.
  • the second embodiment of the cell 105 differs from the first embodiment mainly in that the second antenna element 105b does not have the conductive tracks 503A, 503B, 503C and 503D connected between the terminals A, B, C and D and the points PA, PB, PC and PD of the conductive ring 501. More specifically, in the example shown, the terminals A, B, C and D are respectively connected to the points PA, PB, PC and PD by the switches DA, DB, DC and DD only.
  • points PA and PC of crown 501 are connected to conductive vias VPA and VPC.
  • the figure 9 is a top view, schematic and partial, of another part of the second antenna element 105b of the cell 105 of antenna 100 with transmitter array 103 according to the second embodiment.
  • the structure of the figure 9 is located in a plane different from that comprising the structure of the figure 8 .
  • the figure 10 is a side view and in section, schematic and partial, of the cell 105 of antenna 100 with transmitter array 103 according to the second embodiment.
  • the cell 105 is for example made in a printed circuit board comprising a stack of seven metallization levels 601. More specifically, in the example shown, the printed circuit board comprises, in addition to the metallization levels 601-1, 601-2, 601-3, 601-4, 601-5 and 601-6, a metallization level 601-7 interposed between levels 601-5 and 601-6.
  • the conductive track 901 is, in this example, formed in the level 601-7.
  • the figure 11 is an electrical diagram equivalent to cell 105 of antenna 100 with transmitter array 103 according to the second embodiment.
  • the second embodiment has the advantage of not comprising conductive tracks 503A, 503B, 503C and 503D located close to the ring 501. This makes it possible in particular to avoid disturbing the signal transmitted by the ring 501 when a current flows in one or more conductive tracks 503A, 503B, 503C, 503D.
  • the embodiments of the cell 105 previously described advantageously make it possible to obtain four phase states ⁇ and to offer the possibility of reconfiguring the radiated polarization. These advantages are further achieved without the use of cross-linear polarized cells in the transmitter array 103.
  • Another advantage of the embodiments described is that they implement a minimum number of switches, in this case only six switches. This makes it possible to obtain a cell 105 having a simple, inexpensive structure and having good energy efficiency.
  • the embodiments described make it possible to produce transmitter networks having reduced energy losses compared in particular to a case where cells having vertical and horizontal polarizations would be combined to recreate a field having circular polarization.
  • the shape of the frame 203 of the first antenna element 105a can be adapted according to the polarization of the source 101.

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
EP22170844.9A 2021-05-07 2022-04-29 Antennenzelle mit sendernetz Pending EP4087060A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR2104867A FR3122780A1 (fr) 2021-05-07 2021-05-07 Cellule d’antenne à réseau transmetteur

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4087060A1 true EP4087060A1 (de) 2022-11-09

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EP22170844.9A Pending EP4087060A1 (de) 2021-05-07 2022-04-29 Antennenzelle mit sendernetz

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US (1) US12003040B2 (de)
EP (1) EP4087060A1 (de)
FR (1) FR3122780A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3135572A1 (fr) 2022-05-11 2023-11-17 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives Antenne faible profil à balayage electronique bidimensionnel

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012085067A1 (fr) * 2010-12-24 2012-06-28 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives Cellule rayonnante a deux etats de phase pour reseau transmetteur
US10680329B2 (en) 2017-04-14 2020-06-09 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives Unit cell of a transmission network for a reconfigurable antenna

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2688949C1 (ru) * 2018-08-24 2019-05-23 Самсунг Электроникс Ко., Лтд. Антенна миллиметрового диапазона и способ управления антенной

Patent Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012085067A1 (fr) * 2010-12-24 2012-06-28 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives Cellule rayonnante a deux etats de phase pour reseau transmetteur
US10680329B2 (en) 2017-04-14 2020-06-09 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives Unit cell of a transmission network for a reconfigurable antenna

Non-Patent Citations (3)

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Title
DIABY FATIMATA ET AL: "2 Bit Reconfigurable Unit-Cell and Electronically Steerable Transmitarray at $Ka$ -Band", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, IEEE, USA, vol. 68, no. 6, 3 December 2019 (2019-12-03), pages 5003 - 5008, XP011791572, ISSN: 0018-926X, [retrieved on 20200601], DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2019.2955655 *
MANZILLO FRANCESCO FOGLIA ET AL: "P-i-n Diode Based Electronically Steerable Transmitarrays for SOTM at Ka-Band", 2020 14TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (EUCAP), EURAAP, 15 March 2020 (2020-03-15), pages 1 - 5, XP033789189, DOI: 10.23919/EUCAP48036.2020.9135693 *
MUNINA I ET AL: "A Study of C-Band 1-Bit Reconfigurable Dual-Polarized Transmitarray", 2019 13TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (EUCAP), EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, 31 March 2019 (2019-03-31), pages 1 - 5, XP033562128 *

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US12003040B2 (en) 2024-06-04
US20220359982A1 (en) 2022-11-10
FR3122780A1 (fr) 2022-11-11

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