EP3506429B1 - Quasioptischer strahlformer, entsprechende elementarantenne und plattform, entsprechendes antennensystem und kommunikationsverfahren - Google Patents

Quasioptischer strahlformer, entsprechende elementarantenne und plattform, entsprechendes antennensystem und kommunikationsverfahren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3506429B1
EP3506429B1 EP18215647.1A EP18215647A EP3506429B1 EP 3506429 B1 EP3506429 B1 EP 3506429B1 EP 18215647 A EP18215647 A EP 18215647A EP 3506429 B1 EP3506429 B1 EP 3506429B1
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Prior art keywords
quasi
antenna
layer
frequency
optical
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EP18215647.1A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3506429A1 (de
Inventor
Friedman Tchoffo Talom
Bertrand BOIN
Guillaume Fondi de Niort
Hervé Legay
Etienne Girard
Mauro Ettorre
Ronan Sauleau
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Universite de Rennes 1
Thales SA
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Universite de Rennes 1
Thales SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
    • H01Q19/062—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens for focusing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0031—Parallel-plate fed arrays; Lens-fed arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/064—Two dimensional planar arrays using horn or slot aerials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
    • H01Q1/288—Satellite antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
    • H01Q15/08—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism formed of solid dielectric material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
    • H01Q15/10—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism comprising three-dimensional array of impedance discontinuities, e.g. holes in conductive surfaces or conductive discs forming artificial dielectric

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a quasi-optical beamformator for an elementary telecommunications antenna, in particular satellite and preferably in the Ka band.
  • the invention also relates to an elementary antenna comprising such a beam former, to an antenna system comprising such an elementary antenna, a platform, in particular terrestrial, air or space, comprising at least one elementary antenna or one above-mentioned antenna system, and a method of telecommunication between two stations using the elementary antenna or the above-mentioned antenna system.
  • obtaining a good quality communication implies performance for the electromagnetic waves produced by the antenna system used in the communication in terms of gain and level of the sidelobes (ratio between the intensity of side lobes and the intensity of the main lobe).
  • the electromagnetic waves of the Ka band have a frequency between 27.5 GigaHertzs (GHz) and 31 GHz while in reception, the electromagnetic waves of the Ka band have a frequency between 17.3 GHz and 21.2 GHz.
  • the polarizations of the waves in transmission and in reception are generally of the circular type, whether or not they are opposed.
  • the antenna should be oriented in order to point to the satellite allowing the link to be established.
  • solutions of the parabolic antenna type are generally not preferred, particularly in a land or air context.
  • an electronic scanning antenna comprising two separate antenna panels respectively for the transmission of a wave at a frequency around 30 GHz and for the reception of a wave at a frequency around 20 GHz.
  • the electronic scanning antenna obtained has a significant size corresponding to the radiating surfaces of each of the modes. operation (transmission / reception).
  • the efficiency of such an antenna is often insufficient because unit antennas of the patch type are most often used.
  • a circular polarization in a first direction in the emissive part and of a circular polarization in a second direction opposite to the first direction for the reception part proves to be difficult.
  • the use of a polarizer reduces the flexibility of use of the scanning antenna considered.
  • the antenna obtained has a large bulk due to the use of a polarizer and especially of two panels used for transmission and reception.
  • an antenna structure capable of receiving waves at a frequency distinct from the waves emitted while being compact has been proposed in the application.
  • FR 3 013 909 A1 Such an antenna structure is based on the implementation of a radiating guide horn loaded with dielectric and incorporating a polarizer for the generation of the necessary circular polarization.
  • the subject of the invention is also an elementary antenna comprising at least one radiating element and a quasi-optical beam former as described above, the output of the quasi-optical beam former being suitable for supplying the input of said at least one element. beaming.
  • the subject of the invention is also an antenna system comprising at least one elementary antenna as described above.
  • the invention also relates to a platform, in particular aerial, comprising at least one elementary antenna as described above or an antenna system as described above.
  • a subject of the present invention is also a method for telecommunications, in particular by satellite, between two stations, the method comprising the use of at least one elementary antenna as described above or an antenna system as described above.
  • the elementary antenna A according to the present invention comprises a quasi-optical beam former 10, or FFQO, of which exemplary embodiments are represented respectively on the figures 1 and 2 .
  • the parallel plate waveguide 12 (PPW standing for “Parallel Plate Waveguide”) is a transmission guide comprising two stacked metal plates, spaced apart. 'one from the other along a layer thickness E C and extending in two longitudinal X and transverse Y directions.
  • Such a PPW waveguide 12 is suitable for concentrating the energy supplied by a power source 16 suitable for producing one or more electromagnetic waves.
  • the PPW waveguide 12 comprises a focusing plane structure corresponding to a wafer 14 of a gradient-index lens (ie having a refractive index varying as a function of the position within the lens) whose thickness E L extends in the Z direction orthogonal to the XY plane and whose rear face rests on one of the metal plates of the waveguide 12.
  • a gradient-index lens ie having a refractive index varying as a function of the position within the lens
  • the term “slice” (14) means a portion of thickness E L taken along a meridian sampling plane in an ellipsoid of revolution or a semi-ellipsoid of revolution.
  • the contour along the thickness E L of the wafer is elliptical, respectively semi-elliptical.
  • the wafer 14 of the gradient-index lens of the first layer C 1 rests on the metal plate 15 common to both the first waveguide 12 1 of the first layer C 1 and to the second waveguide 12 2 of the first layer C 2 , this common metal plate corresponding to the polarizer of the quasi-optical beam former 10 according to the present invention.
  • the wafer 14 of the gradient-index lens is oriented in the longitudinal direction X of diffusion of the energy supplied by the source 16 towards a radiating element 18 or a plurality of M identical radiating elements 18 contiguous to each other in the direction transverse Y (with M ⁇ 2), so that the diameter D of the gradient index lens, opposite the pole P of the slice 14 of the gradient index lens, is in contact with the entrance of a plurality of radiating elements 18.
  • the elementary antenna A corresponds to a radiating line of identical radiating elements 18 contiguous.
  • Each radiating element 18 has a parallelepipedal shape, and comprises, at the level of the diameter D of the wafer 14 of the gradient-index lens, a first polarizing part 20 in which the polarizer 15 of the quasi-optical beam former 10 extends according to the invention, the polarizer 15 being suitable for delivering for each layer C 1 or C 2 a circularly polarized plane wave from the spherical electromagnetic wave delivered at the output of the source 16, and a second part or output 22 dedicated to the 'transmission / reception as such.
  • a radiating element 18 of cylindrical shape shown in relation to the figure 4 is also suitable for use according to the present invention.
  • the thickness E L of the wafer 14 of the gradient-index lens is less than or equal to the thickness E C of the waveguide 12 with parallel plates, which makes it possible to guarantee a compactness of each planar layer C 1 or C 2 .
  • Such a wafer 14 of a gradient-index lens makes it possible to focus the spherical radiofrequency wave emitted by the source 16 by transforming it into a plane wave in the waveguide 12 PPW.
  • the law of the index in the slice of the gradient-index lens being by definition discrete (and not continuous), the gradient-index lens delivers a focal spot allowing a large range of depointing.
  • the quasi-optical beam former 10 comprising within a layer C 1 or C 2 such a combination is therefore suitable for concentrating the energy and focusing the wave produced within a parallel guide 12 wideband compatible with the plurality of radiating elements 18 while avoiding the machining difficulties of the solutions of the prior art.
  • the implementation of the wafer 14 of a gradient index lens allows a significant reduction in mass of the order of two to three times less than the solutions of the prior art.
  • the supply of radiating element (s) 18 according to the present invention presents a simplification of production suitable for reducing the impact of machining tolerances on the performance inherent in the solutions of the prior art.
  • Different types of gradient index lenses can be used to extract the wafer 14 according to the present invention.
  • the slice 14 has an outline along the thickness of elliptical, semi-elliptical, or even hemispherical shape as shown in the examples of figures 1 and 2 .
  • the semi-elliptical or hemispherical shapes make it possible to limit the dimensions of the quasi-optical beam former 10
  • the material used to form the gradient index lens is for example dielectric or metallic.
  • the lens slice 14 is inhomogeneous hemispherical with an index gradient of the Maxwell fish-eye type (HMFE standing for “half Maxwell's fish-eye”).
  • HMFE Maxwell fish-eye type
  • the slice 14 of the HMFE lens is taken along a meridian plane of the hemisphere of the lens (ie hemisphere plane including the pole P), and suitable for being placed in each waveguide 12 1 and 12 2 with plates parallels.
  • the wafer 14 of HMFE lens is formed from a plurality of N materials 14 1 to 14 N , exhibiting distinct discrete dielectric characteristics, and distributed continuously, successively, and concentrically along the radius R of the wafer, with 3 ⁇ N ⁇ 10.
  • the quasi-optical beamformer layer 10 structure according to the invention is easily scalable, ie capable of adapting to the number M of elements.
  • the wafer 14 C1 , 14 C2 of HMFE lens of each layer C 1 and C 2 is formed of a diffractive dielectric material having a plurality of orifices H whose density increases concentrically along the radius R of the wafer.
  • the index gradient in terms of dielectric constant of the wafer 14 of the HMFE lens is obtained by considering strata distributed continuously, successively and concentrically of the same material but having a density of different materials per stratum, the material density being increasing from the layer of material comprising the pole P to the layer of material comprising the center O of the HMFE lens.
  • the wafer 14 of the HMFE lens is devoid of dielectric material and formed of a metallic material corresponding to a set of metallic pads for example arranged in the air instead of the orifices H of the figure 2 so as to also obtain an index gradient along the radius R of the slice 14.
  • the quasi-optical beam former 10 is particularly suitable for use in an electromagnetic band Ka, because it comprises the two superimposed layers C 1 and C 2 (in other words two waveguides 12 1 and 12 2 superimposed and having a metal plate common 15) of quasi-optical beamforming, each layer being able to operate according to at least two distinct operating frequencies f 1 and f 2 (ie each layer C 1 and C 2 being at least dual-band).
  • each layer C 1 and C 2 is associated with a distinct operating polarization state so that the quasi-optical beamformator 10 is adapted to output a circularly polarized wave when the two layers C 1 and C 2 are activated simultaneously, a separate circular polarization state being produced for each layer C 1 and C 2 .
  • the quasi-optical beam former 10 comprises the polarizer 15 (not shown in the figures 1 and 2 ) placed parallel between these two layers C 1 and C 2 and also able to extend, in the X direction in a polarizing part 20 of each radiating element 18.
  • the quasi-optical beam former 10 is dual-band and able to implement a distinct linear polarization for each layer C 1 or C 2 if only one layer is activated at the same time selectively by the source 16 (ie excited) or a circular polarization when the two layers C 1 and C 2 are activated simultaneously and distinctly circularly polarized by means of the polarizer 15, which makes it suitable for use in the Ka electromagnetic band, where the dedicated frequencies transmission and reception are distinct, in particular for a SATCOM satellite application.
  • each layer C 1 or C 2 provides a circular polarization state which is specific to it, for example left circular for C 1 and right circular for C 2 .
  • each layer C 1 and C 2 is able to receive two distinct radiofrequency waves supplied by one or the other of the two parts 16 1 and 16 2 of source 16.
  • the two parts 16 1 and 16 2 of source operating identically, are each suitable for supplying electromagnetic waves according to at least two distinct frequencies, and to do this are each provided with a duplexer suitable for selecting at least the generation of an electromagnetic wave at a first frequency f 1 , dedicated, for example, on the emission of electromagnetic waves of the Ka band, f 1 then being between 27.5 GHz and 31 GHz, or the generation of an electromagnetic wave at a second frequency f 2 , dedicated, for example, to the reception of the electromagnetic waves of the Ka band, f 2 then being between 17.3 GHz and 21.2 GHz.
  • the polarizer 15 is arranged so as to polarize the waves electromagnetic that the first part 16 1 of source 16 and the second part 16 2 of source 16 are suitable for providing so as to supply the radiating element (s) 18.
  • the polarizer 15 itself comprises two parts, not shown, arranged so as to circularly polarize in a first direction the electromagnetic waves that the first part 16 1 of source 16 is able to emit, and to circularly polarize the waves that the second part 16 2 source 16 is suitable for transmitting in a direction opposite to the first direction.
  • such a polarizer 15 is for example a polarizer 15 based on a septum.
  • the quasi-optical beam former 10 is suitable for supplying in a compact manner one or more radiating element (s) 18 suitable for emitting and / or receiving waves in two polarization states. different, in this case for the example of figure 1 or the figure 2 , left and right circular polarizations.
  • An antenna system 100 according to one embodiment is shown in figure 3 .
  • the antenna system 100 is an assembly of elementary antennas A (or radiating lines) assembled so as to obtain V lines each grouping together M adjacent identical radiating elements 18.
  • the antenna system 100 is more compact and lighter compared to the antenna systems of the prior art. This effect is amplified by the lightness of the power supply to each elementary antenna A, such a power supply corresponding, as described above, to the quasi-optical beamformer 10 according to the invention.
  • each of the first and second parts of sources 16 1 , 16 2 of the various elementary antennas A 1 to A V are suitable for being connected. to a duplexer (not shown) in order to guarantee good insulation between the layers C 1 and C 2 of the quasi-optical beam former 10 according to the present invention.
  • a duplexer is a device allowing the use of the same antenna for the transmission and reception of a signal. Switches inserted between the duplexer and the first and second parts of sources 16 1 , 16 2 can allow easy selection of the source part 16 1 , 16 2 and the desired operation for the antenna system 100.
  • each elementary antenna A is associated with a phase control circuit.
  • phase control circuits associated with each of the elementary antennas A, for example it is possible to carry out a depointing according to the Z axis in the XZ plane.
  • one or more complementary motorized systems along an axis is associated with the antenna system 100.
  • Such an antenna system 100 can advantageously be used in a platform, in particular terrestrial, aerial or satellite.
  • the compactness and lightness of the antenna system 100 makes it possible to reduce the constraints at the level of the installations of equipment on the platform.
  • the radiating element 18 supplied by the quasi-optical beam former according to the invention is cylindrical and conforms to the subject of the application. FR 3 013 909 A1 as illustrated by figure 4 .
  • the radiating element 18 comprises a horn 24, a polarizing part 20 comprising an end 25, dielectric elements 26 and two ports 28, 30 for the waves emitted or received by the radiating element 18.
  • the horn 24 comprises a first transmission-reception part 22 1 suitable for transmitting and receiving a wave according to a state of polarization and a second part according to another state of polarization 22 2 , distinct from the first transmission-reception part 22 1 .
  • each part 22 1 and 22 2 is respectively associated via the accesses 28 and 30 respectively, with the first supply layer C 1 and with the second supply layer C 2 of the quasi-optical beam former 10 according to the present invention.
  • the parts 22 1 and 22 2 are suitable for being associated in a single block.
  • Each of the first and second transmission-reception parts 22 1 , 22 2 is suitable for transmitting and receiving an electromagnetic wave at a first frequency f 1 or at a second frequency f 2 , the ratio between the second frequency f 2 and the first frequency f 1 is greater than 1.2, and preferably greater than 1.5.
  • the horn 24 has a cylindrical shape giving the emission of the elementary antenna A a broadband character.
  • the band covered by a horn typically extends 40% on either side of the operating frequency.
  • the first transmission-reception part 22 1 and the second transmission-reception part 22 2 each have the shape of a half-disc, the association of the two transmission-reception parts forming the cornet 24.
  • a horn dimensioned to operate over a wide frequency band has external dimensions which are constrained by the operating wavelength corresponding to the lowest of the frequencies to be transmitted or received.
  • the interior of it is empty.
  • the inside of the horn 24 is filled with a dielectric material in order to reduce the physical dimensions of the horn 24.
  • the wavelength in a dielectric material is smaller. than in the corresponding wavelength in air.
  • This dielectric material is a substrate having a permittivity of between two and five depending on the production constraints.
  • the polarizer 15 extends both in the polarizing part 20 of the radiating element 18 and in the quasi-optical beam former 10.
  • the polarizer 15 is arranged so as to polarize the waves that the first transmission-reception part 22 1 and the second transmission-reception part 22 2 are suitable for emitting.
  • the polarizer 15 comprises two parts arranged, not shown, so as to circularly polarize in a first direction the waves that the first transmission-reception part 22 1 is able to emit and to circularly polarize the waves that the second transmission part -reception 22 2 is suitable for sending in a direction opposite to the first direction.
  • the first meaning is right-hand polarization.
  • such a radiating element 18 in accordance with the subject of the application FR 3 013 909 A1 is for example suitable for emitting and / or receiving waves having a polarization right circular at the first frequency f 1 .
  • Such a radiating element 18 is also suitable for emitting and / or receiving waves having a left-hand circular polarization at the second frequency f 2 .
  • the polarizer 15 is also part of the horn 24 (i.e. also extends into the horn 24).
  • the constituent elements of the elementary antenna A namely the quasi-optical beam former 10 and the one or more radiating elements 18 are machined together so as to form a single part in which the polarizer 15 extends over the entire dimension along the longitudinal direction X of diffusion of the energy supplied by the source (s) 16 towards the radiating element 18 or the plurality of M identical radiating elements 18 contiguous to each other according to the transverse direction Y (with M ⁇ 2).
  • the dielectric elements 26 are inserted in order to reduce the electrical dimension with respect to the wavelength and thus to obtain an elementary antenna A with dimensions making it possible to bring the radiating elements 18 sufficiently together during the networking in order to facilitate angular scanning over a sufficiently large range while keeping radiation performance compatible with the envisaged satellite link type application.
  • the dielectric elements 26 are preferably only located at the level of the accesses 28, 30 as well as in the polarizer 15. As a variant, the dielectric elements 26 are extended in the parts 22 1 and 22 2 .
  • Each access 28, 30 is opposite a transmission-reception part of the horn 24.
  • an access 28 for a left circular polarized wave is therefore provided opposite the first transmission-reception part 22 1 of the. horn 24 while an access 30 for a right circular polarized wave is provided opposite the second transceiver part 22 2 .
  • the first transmission-reception part 22 1 receives electromagnetic waves in a state of polarization as soon as the horn 24 is electrically excited. This wave is left circular polarized by the polarizer 15. This wave then passes through the port 28 provided for a left circular polarized wave.
  • a right circular polarized wave passes through the port 30 provided for a right circular polarized wave. This wave then passes through the polarizer 15 before being emitted by the second transmission-reception part 22 2 . This transmission-reception operation can be reversed between accesses 28 and 30.
  • a single radiating element 18 makes it possible to ensure both the transmission and reception functions, for two frequencies f 1 and f 2 whose ratio is greater than to 1.2. It is a compact dual-band horn 24 with circular polarization which makes each radiating element 18 dual-band.
  • each radiating element 18 is suitable for emitting and / or receiving waves in two different states of polarization, for example, left and right circular polarizations.
  • a linearly polarized wave is desired, either the two accesses 28, 30 are used simultaneously by applying them, via the layers C 1 and C 2 of the quasi-optical beam former 10 and the parts of sources 16 1 and 16 2 , a certain phase shift depending on the orientation of the desired polarization, or a single port 28 or 30 is used and only one of the two layers C 1 or C 2 is selectively excited by the source 16.
  • the horn 24 alternately has a parallelepipedal shape as illustrated in the figures 1 and 2 previously described.
  • the specific feed based on the use of the quasi-optical beam former 10 according to the present invention allows in association with one or more radiating elements 18 such as those of the application FR 3 013 909 A1 or parallelepipedal radiating elements 18 to obtain a very effective antenna system because it mainly focuses, with machining constraints and associated production costs lower than the power supplies according to the prior art, while ensuring a radiation pattern in accordance with standards, a use for both passive and active antennas and an implementation scalability suitable for adapting to a variation in the number of radiating elements to be implemented so as to optimize the resulting antenna gain.

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
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Claims (10)

  1. Formungsvorrichtung (10) eines quasi-optischen Strahlenbündels für eine Telekommunikation-Elementarantenne (A), insbesondere Satelliten-Elementarantenne, wobei die Formungsvorrichtung (10) eines quasi-optischen Strahlenbündels einen Eingang, der geeignet ist, an eine Quelle (16) elektromagnetischer Wellen angeschlossen zu werden, und einen Ausgang aufweist, der geeignet ist, mindestens ein Strahlungselement (18) zu versorgen, wobei die Formungsvorrichtung (10) eines quasi-optischen Strahlenbündels mindestens umfasst:
    - eine erste Schicht (C1) und eine zweite Schicht (C2) zur Bildung eines quasi-optischen Strahlenbündels, die übereinanderliegen, wobei jede Schicht einem bestimmten Wellenpolarisationszustand zugeordnet ist,
    wobei jede Schicht umfasst:
    - einen Wellenleiter (12) mit parallelen Platten und
    - eine Gradientenindex-Linsenscheibe (14), deren Form einem Rotationsellipsoid oder einem Halb-Rotationsellipsoid entspricht, wobei die Scheibe entsprechend einem Meridian des Rotationsellipsoids oder Halb-Rotationsellipsoids entnommen ist und parallel zwischen den parallelen Platten des Wellenleiters (12) mit parallelen Platten angeordnet ist, und
    - einen Polarisator, der parallel zwischen den zwei übereinanderliegenden Schichten angeordnet ist.
  2. Formungsvorrichtung (10) eines quasi-optischen Strahlenbündels nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die Gradientenindex-Linse aus einem dielektrischen Material gebildet ist.
  3. Formungsvorrichtung (10) eines quasi-optischen Strahlenbündels nach Anspruch 2, bei der die Linse eine halbkugelförmige inhomogene Gradientenindex-Linse des Maxwell-Fischaugentyps, deren Scheibe (14) gebildet ist aus:
    - einer Mehrzahl von N dielektrischen Materialien, die diskrete unterschiedliche dielektrische Eigenschaften aufweisen und kontinuierlich, aufeinanderfolgend und konzentrisch gemäß dem Radius (R) der Scheibe verteilt sind, mit 3≤N≤10 oder
    - einem dielektrischen diffraktiven Material, das eine Mehrzahl von Öffnungen (H) aufweist, deren Dichte konzentrisch gemäß dem Radius (R) der Scheibe (14) zunimmt.
  4. Formungsvorrichtung (10) eines quasi-optischen Strahlenbündels nach Anspruch 1, bei der die Gradientenindex-Linse aus einem Material entsprechend einer Mehrzahl von metallischen Stützelementen gebildet ist.
  5. Elementarantenne (A), die mindestens eine Strahlungselement (18) und eine Formungsvorrichtung (10) eines quasi-optischen Strahlenbündels nach einem beliebigen der Ansprüche 1 bis 4 umfasst, wobei der Ausgang der Formungsvorrichtung (10) eines quasi-optischen Strahlenbündels geeignet ist, den Eingang des mindestens einen Strahlungselementes (18) zu versorgen.
  6. Elementarantenne (A) nach Anspruch 5, bei der das mindestens eine Strahlungselement (18) eine Hornantenne (24), die ein erstes Sende-Empfangsteil (221), das von der ersten Schicht (C1) der Formungsvorrichtung (10) eines quasi-optischen Strahlenbündels versorgt wird, und eine zweites Sende-Empfangsteil (222), das von der zweiten Schicht (C2) der Formungsvorrichtung (10) eines quasi-optischen Strahlenbündels versorgt wird, umfasst, wobei jedes des ersten und zweiten Sende-Empfangsteils (221, 222) geeignet ist, eine elektromagnetische Welle bei einer ersten Frequenz (f1) oder einer zweiten Frequenz (f2) zu senden und empfangen, wobei das Verhältnis zwischen der zweiten Frequenz und der ersten Frequenz größer als 1,2, vorzugsweise größer als 1,5 ist, wobei die erste Frequenz (f1) und die zweite Frequenz (f2) zum Ka Band des elektromagnetischen Spektrums gehören, wobei der Polarisator der Formungsvorrichtung (10) eines quasi-optischen Strahlenbündels geeignet ist, sich zwischen dem ersten Sende-Empfangsteil (221) und dem zweiten Sende-Empfangsteil (222) zu erstrecken.
  7. Elementarantenne (A) nach Anspruch 6, bei der der Polarisator geeignet ist, die elektromagnetischen Wellen, die von dem dafür geeigneten ersten Sende-Empfangsteil (221) gesendet werden, zirkular in eine erste Richtung zu polarisieren, und die elektromagnetischen Wellen, die von dem dafür geeigneten zweiten Sende-Empfangsteil (222) gesendet werden, zirkular in eine Richtung entgegengesetzt zur ersten Richtung zu polarisieren.
  8. Antennensystem (100), das mindestens eine Elementarantenne (A) nach einem beliebigen der Ansprüche 5 bis 7 aufweist.
  9. Plattform, die mindestens eine Elementarantenne (A) nach einem beliebigen der Ansprüche 5 bis 7 oder ein Antennensystem (100) nach Anspruch 8 aufweist.
  10. Telekommunikationsverfahren, insbesondere über Satellit, zwischen zwei Telekommunikationsstationen, wobei das Verfahren die Verwendung von mindestens einer Elementarantenne (A) nach einem beliebigen der Ansprüche 5 bis 7 oder einer Antennensystem (100) nach Anspruch 8 umfasst.
EP18215647.1A 2017-12-26 2018-12-21 Quasioptischer strahlformer, entsprechende elementarantenne und plattform, entsprechendes antennensystem und kommunikationsverfahren Active EP3506429B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1701368A FR3076088B1 (fr) 2017-12-26 2017-12-26 Formateur de faisceaux quasi-optique, antenne elementaire, systeme antennaire, plateforme et procede de telecommunications associes

Publications (2)

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EP3506429A1 EP3506429A1 (de) 2019-07-03
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CN112768950B (zh) * 2020-12-24 2022-05-17 北京理工大学 一种全金属部分麦克斯韦鱼眼透镜宽角覆盖多波束天线

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US6426726B1 (en) * 2001-08-15 2002-07-30 Northrop Grumman Corporation Polarized phased array antenna
US9515370B2 (en) * 2012-11-15 2016-12-06 The Aerospace Corporation Antenna assembly and methods of assembling same
US9397407B2 (en) * 2012-12-20 2016-07-19 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Antenna system
FR3034262B1 (fr) * 2015-03-23 2018-06-01 Thales Matrice de butler compacte, formateur de faisceaux bidimensionnel planaire et antenne plane comportant une telle matrice de butler
FR3038457B1 (fr) * 2015-07-03 2017-07-28 Thales Sa Formateur de faisceaux quasi-optique a lentille et antenne plane comportant un tel formateur de faisceaux

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EP3506429A1 (de) 2019-07-03
FR3076088B1 (fr) 2020-01-10
FR3076088A1 (fr) 2019-06-28
ES2856222T3 (es) 2021-09-27

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