EP3706568A1 - Spritzeinrichtung und verfahren - Google Patents
Spritzeinrichtung und verfahrenInfo
- Publication number
- EP3706568A1 EP3706568A1 EP18803329.4A EP18803329A EP3706568A1 EP 3706568 A1 EP3706568 A1 EP 3706568A1 EP 18803329 A EP18803329 A EP 18803329A EP 3706568 A1 EP3706568 A1 EP 3706568A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mixing
- valves
- spraying device
- feeds
- valve
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M7/00—Special adaptations or arrangements of liquid-spraying apparatus for purposes covered by this subclass
- A01M7/0089—Regulating or controlling systems
- A01M7/0092—Adding active material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M7/00—Special adaptations or arrangements of liquid-spraying apparatus for purposes covered by this subclass
- A01M7/0025—Mechanical sprayers
- A01M7/0032—Pressure sprayers
- A01M7/0042—Field sprayers, e.g. self-propelled, drawn or tractor-mounted
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
- B05B1/14—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with multiple outlet openings; with strainers in or outside the outlet opening
- B05B1/20—Arrangements of several outlets along elongated bodies, e.g. perforated pipes or troughs, e.g. spray booms; Outlet elements therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B13/00—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00
- B05B13/005—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00 mounted on vehicles or designed to apply a liquid on a very large surface, e.g. on the road, on the surface of large containers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B15/00—Details of spraying plant or spraying apparatus not otherwise provided for; Accessories
- B05B15/40—Filters located upstream of the spraying outlets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/24—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with means, e.g. a container, for supplying liquid or other fluent material to a discharge device
- B05B7/26—Apparatus in which liquids or other fluent materials from different sources are brought together before entering the discharge device
- B05B7/28—Apparatus in which liquids or other fluent materials from different sources are brought together before entering the discharge device in which one liquid or other fluent material is fed or drawn through an orifice into a stream of a carrying fluid
- B05B7/32—Apparatus in which liquids or other fluent materials from different sources are brought together before entering the discharge device in which one liquid or other fluent material is fed or drawn through an orifice into a stream of a carrying fluid the fed liquid or other fluent material being under pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B12/00—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area
- B05B12/14—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area for supplying a selected one of a plurality of liquids or other fluent materials or several in selected proportions to a spray apparatus, e.g. to a single spray outlet
- B05B12/1418—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area for supplying a selected one of a plurality of liquids or other fluent materials or several in selected proportions to a spray apparatus, e.g. to a single spray outlet for supplying several liquids or other fluent materials in selected proportions to a single spray outlet
Definitions
- the invention relates to an injection device for dispensing liquids, in particular for agricultural purposes, with at least one spray nozzle for ejecting the liquid and at least one mixing device having at least one mixing chamber, the mixing chamber at least a first feed for a carrier liquid, at least has two second feeds for a drug liquid and at least one associated with the at least one spray nozzle drain.
- the invention relates to a method for operating such a spraying device.
- Spray mixture consisting of at least one active agent, in particular a drug liquid, such as pesticides, and a
- Carrier liquid in particular water
- Carrier liquid are premixed before the actual application in a field.
- the tank providing the respective agent generally has to be completely emptied and cleaned on the field. Reacting to the nature of the field and the actual local need for pesticides is therefore hardly possible.
- the complete mixed spray mixture is therefore completely applied to the field.
- Direct injection designates and requires a complex construction of an injection device, which must provide necessary valves and the like.
- Spraying devices of the type mentioned are known from the prior art.
- published patent application DE 10 2006 059 193 A1 discloses an injection device which has a mixing chamber which contains a carrier liquid and an active substance liquid, in particular a
- Plant protection products can be supplied. It is envisaged that
- Active agent containing bypass line opens into a leading to a plurality of spray carrier liquid line.
- Passage valves or adjusting valves each with a valve element as an actuating element, which forms the mixing chamber
- Liquid lines are connected upstream.
- Another injection device is known for example from the published patent application DE 31 40 441 AI, with a metering pump, which is designed as a piston pump, wherein in the metering carrier liquid and active substance liquid are combined, so that the metering pump itself act as a mixing device with a mixing chamber and the pistons as adjusting elements ,
- each of the inlets is assigned an actuatable valve, and that the spraying device has a device which operates the valves when used as intended, that in the process independent of the operation of the valves or the wiring of the inlets a constant Volume flow results.
- valves assigned to the inlets are each formed the same. This results in a high number of identical parts, which ensures a simple installation and a cost-effective provision of the spraying device. In addition, this ensures that due to the same design of the valves, the valves each have the same flow resistance and also provide the same flow cross-sections available.
- each pump is preceded by a pump device for conveying the respective liquid, wherein the
- Pump device must be connected upstream. Rather, this means that several valves and a common pump device can be connected upstream. It is important, however, that each valve is preceded by a pump device, whether jointly or alone, in order to provide the desired delivery pressure to the respective valve. Thus, in each case one particular
- the mixing device has at least four feeds in total. In this way, different switching combinations can be achieved in which one or more active substance liquids can be mixed with the carrier liquid and switching between active substance liquids can be carried out without the total volume flow flowing through the outlet thereby changing.
- the mixing device two first feeds for the
- Carrier liquid has. As a result, also two first feeds for the
- Carrier liquid are present, a dosage of the carrier liquid by switching on and off of the two valves associated with the first feeds is possible. As a result, the variety of variants of the mixing device is increased, while maintaining the output volume flow.
- the device is formed mechanically working and has for this purpose at least one arranged in the mixing chamber camshaft for the mechanical actuation of the valves. This ensures that the valves are always operated simultaneously by a movement of the camshaft, which ensures that always the total delivery through the
- the cam curves of the camshaft are selected accordingly.
- the respective valve has a movably mounted and spring-biased in the direction of the camshaft valve element, which in a non-actuated state of the camshaft on a valve seat of the valve, the affected access sealingly rests tightly.
- the respective valve thus has a movable valve element, which in the normal state, or a state when it is not actuated by the camshaft sealingly against a valve seat, thereby closing the affected or associated inlet / access.
- Carrier liquid can flow through the access thus opened.
- the spring preload ensures that the valve element always finds its way back safely into the valve seat and there is positive guidance for the valve element on the camshaft.
- a controllable actuator is associated with each valve, and that the device is designed to electrically actuate the actuators. In this case, ensuring the same output volume flow does not take place in the
- the device preferably has a control unit, in particular a microprocessor, which takes over the actuation of the actuators, depending on a requested plant protection measure.
- the device is designed to actuate the actuators by means of a pulse width modulation control.
- a pulse width modulation control is achieved that too
- valves can be reached, so that, for example, a flow cross-section is not completely, but still partially released by the respective valve. This makes it possible to further influence the mixing ratios of the active substance fluids and of the carrier fluids.
- Mixing device on a housing having a mixing bore into which open the feeds.
- the mixing chamber is thus formed by a mixing bore, in which the feeds open respectively, and from which
- the process also ends.
- the mixing chamber is also particularly inexpensive and manufactured in a simple manner.
- at least one solid body for reducing the mixing volume is arranged in the mixing bore.
- the solid body is designed as a static mixer.
- Carrier fluid improved and achieved an optimal application result.
- the drug liquids are already prediluted to the
- a filter element is assigned in such a way.
- the filter has the effect of preventing particles or other solid constituents, which might contaminate the mixing chamber and the spray nozzles, and in the worst case be blocked, from entering the mixing chamber. This will increase the life of the
- valves of the mixing device are actuated such that during a pesticide application process in which the
- Mixing ratio is changed in the mixing chamber, through the flow always the same volume flow one or more spray nozzles is supplied.
- FIG. 1 shows an advantageous spraying device in a simplified representation
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic detail view of the spraying device
- FIG 3 is a schematic representation of an advantageous
- FIG. 4 shows another embodiment of the advantageous
- FIG. 6 shows a detail sectional view of the mixing device
- FIGS. 8A to 8D show further variants of the mixing device in FIG.
- FIG. 1 shows a simplified illustration of an injection device 1 which has a tractor 2 designed as a vehicle 2, which carries a spray system 3, comprising a plurality of spray nozzles 4, wherein the spray nozzles 4 are arranged distributed over a cross member 5 side by side.
- the vehicle 2 pulls the cross member 5 and the spray nozzles 4 behind it, so that the spray nozzles are above a bottom 6 to on the ground and
- the vehicle 2 also contributes to several tanks 7, 8, 9 and 10, wherein in the tanks 7 8 and 9 respectively a liquid agent A, B and C is kept in stock, and in the tank C, a carrier liquid TF, in particular in the form of Water.
- the tanks 7 to 10 are connected to the spray nozzles 4 by one or more mixing devices, which will be discussed in more detail below.
- a pump device 11, 12, 13 and 14 is assigned to each tank, by means of which the respective Liquid can be removed and fed to the mixing device described below. While in the following embodiment, three
- FIG. 2 shows in a simplified detail view of the spray device 1, in which the four tanks 7, 8, 9 and 10, the associated pump devices 11 to 14 and two of the spray nozzles 4 are shown.
- the spraying nozzles 4 are each preceded by a mixing device 15, which are each connected to the pump devices 11, 12, 13 and 14 by corresponding fluid lines.
- each of the mixing device 15 can be acted upon by the respective liquid, wherein the mixing device 15 is adapted to set a desired mixing ratio of the individual liquids with each other and the respective
- the spray mixture which is made available by the mixing device 15 consists of the carrier liquid and a crop protection agent, for example A, B or C, or of a combination of these.
- a crop protection agent for example A, B or C, or of a combination of these.
- the composition of the spray liquor ranges from 25 to 200 parts by volume of carrier liquid to a volume fraction of the plant protection agent for liquid and solid crop protection agents in the range of 50 to 20,000 parts by mass carrier liquid to a mass fraction of crop protection agent.
- deviating values are possible.
- the mixing devices 15 are connected directly upstream of a spray nozzle 4, is provided according to a further embodiment, that in each case a partial width, ie a predetermined number of arranged side by side spray nozzles 4, only one mixing device 15 is connected upstream, so that the partial width of spray nozzles 4 each applied the same spray mixture to the field. It can also be provided that the mixing device 15 the tanks 7, 8, 9, 10 or their
- each spray nozzle 4 is also optionally equipped with a simple switching valve, which allows easy activation and deactivation of the respective spray nozzle.
- Carrier liquid it is necessary to keep the total amount of expenditure, in particular the amount of carrier liquid, constant. So should at a
- the total amount of expenditure per spray nozzle 4 or per area to be sprayed remains constant. Due to the advantageous embodiment of the injection device 1, it is now possible to supply a constant volume flow of the respective spray nozzle, regardless of which combination of pesticides and carrier liquid is selected, and whether this combination is changed during operation.
- each of the pump devices 11 to 14 results in a constant or equal volume flow for all liquids. This also ensures that an optimal droplet size is ensured at the respective spray nozzle 4 for the crop protection application. Due to the advantageous embodiment, the drop size or the drop size spectrum remains the same, even if between the
- Pesticides is selected. This will be discussed in more detail below.
- FIG. 3 shows, in a schematic representation, the mixing device 15. This has a mixing chamber 16, in which the various
- the mixing chamber 16 has to several feeds 17 to 21 on, as well as one to at least one of
- the inlets 17 to 21 are each associated with a valve 23, 24, 25, 26 and 27, which close the flow cross-section of the respective inlet 17 to 21, can release or partially release.
- the valves 23 to 27 are formed electrically controllable.
- the valves 23 to 27 each have an actuator 23 ', 24', 25 ', 26' and 27 'for moving an adjustable valve element, which is movable against the force of a return spring.
- the valves 23 to 27 are shown in simplified form in FIG.
- the valve 23 is between the pump device 11 and the
- valve 24 between the pump device 12 and the mixing chamber 16 the valve 25 between the pump device 13 and the mixing chamber 16 and the valves 26 and 27 are each connected between the pump device 14 and the mixing chamber 16.
- valves 26, 27 thus each of the carrier liquid or the volume flow of the carrier liquid in the mixing chamber 16 is adjustable, while with the valves 23, 24 and 25 respectively the active substance liquids A, B and C are adjustable.
- the active substance liquids are expediently already with the
- valves 23 to 27 are the same design, and by driving the actuators 23 'to 27' by a control unit CPU combined with each other such that at the outlet 22 is always a constant volume flow Q ges . This is achieved by the fact that on the one hand in the supply lines, ie on the pressure side of the respective pump device 11 to 14, the same pressure is present.
- the hydraulic resistances of the individual valves 23 to 27 are also the same due to their same training.
- one third of the total volume flow Q ges flows through the respectively open valves.
- the volume flow Q ges is predetermined by an injection nozzle 4 for an application.
- the concentration C2 that is, the volume of the respective component divided by the total volume in a reference element (it is assumed that a constant density and molar mass), the individual pesticides A, B, C is also given.
- the pesticides A, B, C are diluted by means of the carrier liquid TF to a concentration Ci.
- concentration Ci for the illustrated circuit diagram in the above-mentioned table corresponds to three times the final concentration C2.
- volumetric flow by means of pulse width modulation to control or to
- Spray nozzles 4 adapted by means of the mixing device 15.
- FIG. 5 shows a first exemplary embodiment of the mixing device 15.
- the mixing device 15 has the five valves 23 to 27 which are connected to one of the valves
- Mixing chamber 16 forming housing 28 are arranged.
- fluid passages extend into the mixing chamber 16 through the valves 23 to 27, wherein the internal fluid channels are connected to fluid lines FA, FB, FC and FTF, which are connected to the pressure side of each of the pumping devices 11 to 14, respectively Carrier fluid TF, or the
- valves 23 to 27 are presently designed as cartridge valves or as 2/2-way valves.
- the fluid-carrying lines FTF, FA, FB and FC are fastened to the housing 28 by means of two retaining clips 29. This results in the advantage of easy installation and a compact
- FIGS. 5B and 5C show the mixing device 15 in different sectional views, wherein the sectional planes are perpendicular to one another.
- the individual flow paths pass through the valves 23 to 27, whereby the flow path for the carrier liquid TF is divided and leads through two individual valves 26 and 27, as already explained above and shown in FIG.
- the valves 26, 27 at the head of the housing 28, the valves for the carrier liquid are provided.
- mixing bore 30 for cleaning with carrier liquid.
- Under the head of the mixing bore 30 is thus the end facing away from the spray nozzle 4 end formed in the housing 28 mixing bore 30, which forms the mixing chamber 16, understood.
- the diameter of the mixing bore 30 corresponds to only a few millimeters or less.
- the volume of the mixing bore 30 influences the time after which a mixture which has been changed in the mixing bore Mixing bore and the spray nozzle 4 is discharged. The smaller the volume in the mixing bore 30, the shorter the time between the switching of the valves 23 to 27 and the presence of the desired
- the solid body 31 is a static mixer which improves the mixing of the individual liquids within the mixing bore.
- FIG. 6 shows an advantageous development of the mixing device 15 on the basis of a detailed sectional illustration. Shown in FIG. 6 is the housing 28 with an inlet opening 32 formed thereon, which for example forms the inlet 17, and a feed nipple 33 assigned to the inlet opening 32 of the fluid line assigned to this inlet.
- the feed nipple 33 connects one of the fluid lines, in the present case the fluid line FA, with the mixing device 15.
- the feed nipple projects transversely into the fluid line FA, so that a
- Fluid line FA is made.
- a filter element 34 is either integrated in the feed nipple 33 or axially braced or held between the feed nipple and the housing 28.
- the arrangement of the fluid-carrying supply lines FA, FB, FC and FTF to the mixing device 15 and the arrangement of the valves 23 to 27 can be realized in addition to the embodiment shown in Figure 5 in other variants.
- FIGS. 9 and 10 For this purpose, further examples are shown in FIGS. 9 and 10.
- FIGS. 7A and 7B show two exemplary embodiments, in which the fluid lines are arranged side by side on one side of the mixing device 15
- FIGS. 8A to 8D show further exemplary embodiments, which differ from the preceding exemplary embodiments in that although the fluid lines FA - FTF are arranged on two sides of the housing 28, they are offset in height from one another.
- FIGS. 8A and 8B show the mixing device 15 in the perspective front view and in one
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102017220028.6A DE102017220028A1 (de) | 2017-11-10 | 2017-11-10 | Spritzeinrichtung und Verfahren |
PCT/EP2018/079370 WO2019091797A1 (de) | 2017-11-10 | 2018-10-26 | Spritzeinrichtung und verfahren |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3706568A1 true EP3706568A1 (de) | 2020-09-16 |
Family
ID=64308698
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP18803329.4A Withdrawn EP3706568A1 (de) | 2017-11-10 | 2018-10-26 | Spritzeinrichtung und verfahren |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20200253184A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3706568A1 (de) |
BR (1) | BR112020009048A2 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102017220028A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2019091797A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102018203766A1 (de) | 2018-03-13 | 2019-09-19 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Landwirtschaftliche Spritzvorrichtung |
DE102018203756A1 (de) | 2018-03-13 | 2019-09-19 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Landwirtschaftliche Spritzvorrichtung |
DE102018203755A1 (de) | 2018-03-13 | 2019-09-19 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zum Spülen eines Ablaufabschnitts einer landwirtschaftlichen Spritzvorrichtung mittels einer Trägerflüssigkeit |
US11684947B2 (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2023-06-27 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Modular fluid application device for varying fluid coat weight |
US11457621B2 (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2022-10-04 | Deere & Company | Agricultural sprayer system and method |
EP3819032A1 (de) * | 2019-11-07 | 2021-05-12 | Michael Karau | Bereitstellungssystem zum aufbringen von unterschiedlichen, anwendungsfallbezogenen, temporär wirkenden oberflächenfunktionsbeschichtungen |
DE102020105034A1 (de) | 2020-02-26 | 2021-08-26 | Horsch Leeb Application Systems Gmbh | Spritzeinrichtung zum Ausbringen von Spritzflüssigkeit, landwirtschaftliche Feldspritze und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Spritzeinrichtung |
AU2022341594A1 (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2024-02-01 | Agco Corporation | Crop sprayers, liquid distribution systems for crop sprayers, and related methods |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1263700A (en) * | 1968-10-12 | 1972-02-16 | Bell S Asbestos And Engineerin | Improved device for mixing hot and cold fluids |
DE3140441A1 (de) | 1981-10-12 | 1983-04-28 | Günter 5162 Niederzier Lindner | Feldspritze |
DE3908963C2 (de) | 1989-03-18 | 1993-10-07 | Guenter Lindner | Gerät zum Applizieren von Pflanzenbehandlungsmitteln unter geschwindigkeitsabhängiger Direkteinspeisung |
DE19530968A1 (de) * | 1995-08-23 | 1997-02-27 | Quiel Gmbh Sondermaschinen | Dosiereinrichtung |
IL145368A0 (en) * | 1999-04-02 | 2002-06-30 | Aventis Animal Nutrition Sa | Spraying equipment |
DE102006059193A1 (de) | 2006-12-15 | 2008-06-19 | Amazonen-Werke H. Dreyer Gmbh & Co. Kg | Spritzeinrichtung |
DE112015003583A5 (de) * | 2014-08-03 | 2018-03-15 | ATN Hölzel GmbH | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung eines zwei- oder mehrkomponentigen schaumes zum ausschäumen von hohlräumen oder von formgebenden einheiten oder körpern |
-
2017
- 2017-11-10 DE DE102017220028.6A patent/DE102017220028A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2018
- 2018-10-26 BR BR112020009048-4A patent/BR112020009048A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2018-10-26 EP EP18803329.4A patent/EP3706568A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-10-26 US US16/760,283 patent/US20200253184A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-10-26 WO PCT/EP2018/079370 patent/WO2019091797A1/de unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102017220028A1 (de) | 2019-05-16 |
BR112020009048A2 (pt) | 2020-11-03 |
WO2019091797A1 (de) | 2019-05-16 |
US20200253184A1 (en) | 2020-08-13 |
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18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20230503 |