EP3486564B1 - DISPOSITIF POUR UNE MISE EN OEUVRE SÉCURITAIRE D'UN PROCESSUS DE RANKINE CLAUSIUS THERMODYNAMIQUE À COMMUTATION GAUCHE
BASÉ SUR UNE ADSORPTION DE FLUIDE DE TRAVAIL À REFOULEMENT DE GAZ INERTE - Google Patents

DISPOSITIF POUR UNE MISE EN OEUVRE SÉCURITAIRE D'UN PROCESSUS DE RANKINE CLAUSIUS THERMODYNAMIQUE À COMMUTATION GAUCHE
BASÉ SUR UNE ADSORPTION DE FLUIDE DE TRAVAIL À REFOULEMENT DE GAZ INERTE Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3486564B1
EP3486564B1 EP18198588.8A EP18198588A EP3486564B1 EP 3486564 B1 EP3486564 B1 EP 3486564B1 EP 18198588 A EP18198588 A EP 18198588A EP 3486564 B1 EP3486564 B1 EP 3486564B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
working fluid
adsorbent
dimensionally stable
inert gas
moulded bodies
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP18198588.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3486564A1 (fr
Inventor
Tobias Lingk
Hans-Josef Spahn
Frank Salg
Thomas Badenhop
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vaillant GmbH
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Vaillant GmbH
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Publication date
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Priority to PL18198588T priority Critical patent/PL3486564T3/pl
Publication of EP3486564A1 publication Critical patent/EP3486564A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3486564B1 publication Critical patent/EP3486564B1/fr
Priority to HRP20201206TT priority patent/HRP20201206T1/hr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/005—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices of safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/22—Preventing, detecting or repairing leaks of refrigeration fluids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to irregular conditions in refrigeration circuits in which a working fluid acting as a refrigerant is conducted in a thermodynamic cycle, such as the Clausius-Rankine cycle.
  • a working fluid acting as a refrigerant is conducted in a thermodynamic cycle, such as the Clausius-Rankine cycle.
  • thermodynamic cycle such as the Clausius-Rankine cycle.
  • Residential buildings are understood to mean private houses, apartment building complexes, hospitals, hotel facilities, restaurants, combined residential and commercial buildings and commercial establishments in which people live or work permanently, in contrast to mobile devices such as automotive air conditioning systems or transport boxes, or industrial plants or medical technology devices. What these cycle processes have in common is that they generate useful heat or cold using energy and form heat transfer systems.
  • the invention relates to a device for safely carrying out a left-turning thermodynamic Clausius-Rankine cycle using an inflammable working fluid.
  • thermodynamic cycle processes used have long been known, as are the safety problems that can arise when using suitable working fluids. Apart from water, the best known working fluids at that time were flammable and toxic. In the past century, they led to the development of safety refrigerants, which consisted of fluorinated hydrocarbons. However, it was shown that these safety refrigerants damage the ozone layer, lead to global warming and that their safety-related safety led to constructive inattentiveness. Up to 70% of sales was attributable to the need to refill leaky systems and their leakage losses, which was accepted as long as this was perceived as economically justifiable in individual cases and promoted the need for replacement.
  • the problems that arise with the safety design of such systems are discussed in the WO 2015/032905 A1 described vividly.
  • the lower ignition limit of propane as working fluid is approximately 1.7 percent by volume in air, which corresponds to 38 g / m 3 in air. If the cooling process is carried out in a surrounding, hermetically sealed, but otherwise air-filled room with the working fluid propane, there is the problem of recognizing a critical, explosive situation after a fault in which the working fluid escapes into this hermetically sealed room. Electrical sensors for the detection of critical concentrations are difficult to carry out explosion-proof, which is why the propane detection by the sensors themselves considerably increases the risk of explosion, with the exception of infrared sensors. Propane is also toxic; when inhaled above a concentration of approx. 2 g / m 3 , there are narcotic effects, headaches and nausea. This affects people who are supposed to solve a recognized problem on site before there is a risk of explosion.
  • Propane is also heavier than air, so it sinks to the ground in calm air and accumulates there. If a part of the propane is collected in a low-flow zone of the enclosed space in which the faulty unit is located, the local explosion limits can be reached much faster than the quotient of the total volume of space to the amount of propane escaped.
  • the WO 2015/032905 A1 seeks to solve this problem by integrating an electric current generator into the opening or locking of this space and, when actuated, in a first step generates and provides the electrical energy with which the sensor is activated, and which in the event of an alarm Locking then does not release, but causes ventilation of the closed room and only allows unlocking and opening in a second step.
  • the DE-PS 553 295 describes an encapsulated compression refrigeration machine in which the refrigerant compressor 1, its drive motor 2, evaporator 3, condenser 4 and control valve 5 are enclosed in a double-walled capsule 6 and 7, respectively. A vacuum is created in the space between the double-walled capsule and any leaks that could occur at the openings for cooling water and brine are extracted. The extracted working fluid can then be recovered if necessary. It should be noted that there is no ambient air inside the encapsulated room and, due to the negative pressure in the double jacket, it cannot penetrate into the encapsulated interior.
  • the DE 10 2011 116 863 A1 describes a method for securing a device for a thermodynamic cycle, which is operated with a process fluid that contains or consists of at least one environmentally hazardous, toxic and / or flammable substance.
  • a process fluid that contains or consists of at least one environmentally hazardous, toxic and / or flammable substance.
  • an adsorbent is brought into contact with the process fluid, in particular ammonia, propane or propene, and the substance is selectively bound by the adsorbent.
  • the adsorbent is regenerated after use.
  • zeolite also in combination with imidazole or phosphates, CuBTC are also proposed.
  • the adsorbent can be in the form of a bed, a shaped body, a paint, one Spray film or a coating.
  • the support structure of the molded body can consist of microstructure, lamella structure, tube bundle, tube register and sheet metal and must be mechanically stable and greatly increase the surface area. Circulation of the potentially contaminated air usually takes place continuously, but can also be initiated by a sensor that switches on the ventilation after a threshold value has been reached or in the event of a recognized accident.
  • the adsorption can be carried out inside or outside a closed room.
  • the DE 10 2011 116 863 A1 a device according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the DE 195 26 980 A1 describes a device and a method for cleaning air in closed rooms which have a gaseous contamination. After the contamination has been detected by a gas sensor, the latter controls a compressor which directs the air through an absorber located in this room, as a result of which the contamination is absorbed. The cleaned air leaves the absorber in the closed room.
  • the DE 195 25 064 C1 describes a refrigeration machine with a gas-tight housing, which accommodates all refrigerant-carrying components of the machine, a space is provided that connects the interior of the gas-tight housing with an outlet, and the space is filled with a substance that sorbs the refrigerant.
  • the amount of sorbent material is dimensioned so that the entire amount of any refrigerant escaping can be absorbed and kept away from the environment.
  • the space filled with the sorbent material is open to the surroundings. With refrigerants that are heavier than air, the space is open at the bottom, with those that are lighter, it is open at the top, so that a delivery fan is not required.
  • the sorbent is introduced into the housing and completely surrounds the refrigeration machine or the refrigerant-carrying devices. On its way out, baffles are provided that prevent short circuit currents and force escaping gas through the sorbent.
  • a measuring device for refrigerants can be provided at the exit of the space filled with the sorbent to the surroundings.
  • the EP 3 106 780 A1 describes a heat pump system which is housed in an airtight housing lined with a binder.
  • An adsorption unit with forced ventilation which cleans the air in the housing in recirculation mode, can be arranged within this housing.
  • This air recirculation mode can be carried out continuously or only in the event of a fault or at regular intervals.
  • a pilot burner, a pilot flame, a catalytic burner or a heating wire can also be arranged downstream of this sorption stage, which burns any remaining combustible impurities.
  • a fresh air supply in connection with the discharge of cleaned exhaust air is also conceivable.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide an improved lining device which better solves the problems presented and no longer has the disadvantages.
  • Heat transfer fluids are to be understood here as all gaseous or liquid media with which heat is transferred, for example air, water, brine, heat transfer oils or the like.
  • the advantage here is that in the event of a leak with release of the working fluid, the inert gas is displaced from the adsorbent with simultaneous adsorption of the working fluid.
  • the displaced inert gas makes the interior of the container inert, thereby reducing the risk of explosion.
  • the desorption of the displaced inert gas has the effect that the adsorptive heating of the adsorbent during the adsorption is significantly less, since it is no longer the total heat of adsorption that is released, but only the difference between the heat of adsorption of the working fluid and the heat of desorption of the inert gas. This also prevents working fluid that has already been adsorbed from being expelled again due to the development of heat.
  • propane is used as the working fluid, activated carbon as the adsorbent and carbon dioxide as the inert gas.
  • the activated carbon can be doped in a known manner in such a way that optimum loading by propane takes place, but chemisorption is to be avoided here, since the desorption of carbon dioxide then fails to occur.
  • such a lining is preferably carried out by dimensionally stable mats or moldings which contain the adsorbent and which can be removed and removed in a simple manner after opening the housing. They are typically permeable to gas and liquid on the side facing the inside of the container through a holding grid, while the dimensional stability is ensured by a stable rear structure.
  • these mats or molded articles have a flat surface on the side facing the interior of the housing and have pull-down film-like blinds on their top, which are pulled over the surface like a bag in the event of disassembly and then used for the Keep disassembly and removal closed.
  • this device is also used for assembly in order to prevent the inert gas from diffusing out of the lining prematurely.
  • the mats or molded bodies are fixed in a known manner by hooks or click closures.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a refrigeration circuit 1 with a compressor 2, a condenser 3, a pressure reduction 4 and an evaporator 5 in a closed housing 6.
  • the housing 6 has a heat source connection 7, a heat source flow 8, a heat sink flow 9 and a heat sink connection 10.
  • the cooling circuit 1 is operated in this example with the flammable working fluid propane, which is also known under the name R290. Propane is heavier than air, so if there is a leak in refrigeration circuit 1, it tends to sink downwards in housing 6. Due to temperature differences in the housing and corresponding convection, leakage-related propane can also be found in the interior of the housing. This housing 6 is therefore completely lined with the adsorptive lining 11.
  • Fig. 2 shows an adsorptive molded body of which several may or should be present in the housing, these molded bodies also being able to completely enclose the interior of the housing, especially on the underside, since propane escaping due to leakage sinks into the air. Such moldings also help to reduce noise emissions.
  • the exemplary adsorptive molded body 12 has an activated carbon mat 13 in its interior, which consists either of activated carbon fibers or of activated carbon pellets, which are fixed in a permeable matrix. Honeycomb bodies are also possible. On the back there is a supporting structure with click closures 14 with which the adsorptive molded body 12 is fixed on the inside of the housing 6. A permeable holding grille 15 is located on the opposite side.
  • the adsorptive molded body has a blind device 16, which consists of rollers on which films can be pulled up and rolled up on the front and back at the same time before use and pulled down after use and closed at the bottom.
  • the foils on the front and back can be used also form a bag which has a pull closure and seals the adsorptive molded body gas-tight before and after use.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Separation Of Gases By Adsorption (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Dispositif pour effectuer en toute sécurité un cycle thermodynamique de Rankine avec rotation à gauche (1) au moyen d'un fluide de travail inflammable, avec un fluide de travail lequel à l'état gazeux dans des conditions atmosphériques est plus lourd que l'air et avec une circulation de fluide de travail fermée, hermétiquement étanche, lequel présente
    - au moins un compresseur (2) pour fluide de travail,
    - au moins un dispositif de détente (4) pour fluide de travail,
    - au moins deux échangeurs thermiques (3, 5) pour fluide de travail avec respectivement au moins deux raccords (7, 8, 9, 10) pour fluides caloporteurs,
    et avec
    - un boîtier fermé (6),
    - lequel comprend tous les dispositifs raccordés à la circulation de fluide de travail fermée,
    - peut comporter d'autres dispositifs,
    - et est revêtu avec un adsorbant (11), lequel est en mesure d'adsorber le fluide de travail,
    caractérisé en ce que
    - l'adsorbant utilisé peut adsorber un gaz inerte, et l'adsorbant est préchargé saturé en gaz inerte,
    - dans lequel le fluide de travail présente une plus grande liaison adsorbant à l'adsorbant que le gaz inerte.
  2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'adsorbant est du charbon actif, le fluide de travail est du propane et le gaz inerte est du dioxyde de carbone.
  3. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le revêtement (11) par adsorbant est réalisé au moyen de nattes ou corps moulés indéformables (12).
  4. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les nattes ou corps moulés indéformables (12) présentent une grille de maintien (15) perméable au gaz et au liquide et une structure arrière indéformable (14) avec un dispositif de fixation.
  5. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que les nattes ou corps moulés indéformables (12) présentent un dispositif de store (16), avec lequel au moins une feuille (17) peut être tirée de manière étanche au gaz au-dessus des nattes ou corps moulés indéformables.
EP18198588.8A 2017-11-16 2018-10-04 DISPOSITIF POUR UNE MISE EN OEUVRE SÉCURITAIRE D'UN PROCESSUS DE RANKINE CLAUSIUS THERMODYNAMIQUE À COMMUTATION GAUCHE
BASÉ SUR UNE ADSORPTION DE FLUIDE DE TRAVAIL À REFOULEMENT DE GAZ INERTE Active EP3486564B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL18198588T PL3486564T3 (pl) 2017-11-16 2018-10-04 Urządzenie do bezpiecznej realizacji lewobieżnego procesu termodynamicznego Clausiusa-Rankine’a, opartego na adsorpcji płynu roboczego z wypieraniem gazu obojętnego
HRP20201206TT HRP20201206T1 (hr) 2017-11-16 2020-07-31 Uređaj za sigurnu provedbu skretanja u lijevo termodinamičnog clausius-rankine postupka; temeljeno na adsorpciji radne tekućine sa uklanjanjem inertnog plina

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017126947.9A DE102017126947A1 (de) 2017-11-16 2017-11-16 Fluidadsorption mit Inertgasverdrängung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3486564A1 EP3486564A1 (fr) 2019-05-22
EP3486564B1 true EP3486564B1 (fr) 2020-05-13

Family

ID=63762357

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18198588.8A Active EP3486564B1 (fr) 2017-11-16 2018-10-04 DISPOSITIF POUR UNE MISE EN OEUVRE SÉCURITAIRE D'UN PROCESSUS DE RANKINE CLAUSIUS THERMODYNAMIQUE À COMMUTATION GAUCHE
BASÉ SUR UNE ADSORPTION DE FLUIDE DE TRAVAIL À REFOULEMENT DE GAZ INERTE

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3486564B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102017126947A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK3486564T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2811054T3 (fr)
HR (1) HRP20201206T1 (fr)
PL (1) PL3486564T3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102019118977A1 (de) * 2019-02-06 2020-08-20 Vaillant Gmbh Adsorberkühlung
DE102019114744A1 (de) * 2019-06-03 2020-12-03 Vaillant Gmbh Fluidadsorption
DE102022100269A1 (de) 2022-01-07 2023-07-13 Vaillant Gmbh Katalytische Abluftbehandlung für eine Wärmepumpe

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE553295C (de) 1931-02-03 1932-06-23 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Gekapselte Kompressionskaeltemaschine
DE19525064C1 (de) 1995-07-10 1996-08-01 Joachim Dr Ing Paul Kältemaschine
DE19526980A1 (de) 1995-07-25 1997-01-30 York Int Gmbh Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Reinigung von Luft
JP2000105003A (ja) * 1998-09-28 2000-04-11 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 冷凍機ユニット
DE102011116863A1 (de) 2011-10-25 2013-04-25 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Verfahren zur Sicherung einer Vorrichtung für einen thermodynamischen Kreisprozess und abgesicherte Vorrichtung für einen thermodynamischen Kreisprozess
AU2013379388A1 (en) * 2013-02-25 2015-08-20 Electrolux Appliances Aktiebolag A heat pump laundry drying machine and a method for operating a heat pump laundry drying machine
WO2015032905A1 (fr) 2013-09-05 2015-03-12 Holger König Procédé permettant d'empêcher une fuite d'un contenant et contenant pourvu d'un dispositif anti-fuite
EP3106780B1 (fr) 2015-06-17 2017-11-22 Vaillant GmbH Installation de pompes à chaleur

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK3486564T3 (da) 2020-08-10
DE102017126947A1 (de) 2019-05-16
HRP20201206T1 (hr) 2021-02-05
EP3486564A1 (fr) 2019-05-22
ES2811054T3 (es) 2021-03-10
PL3486564T3 (pl) 2020-11-02

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