EP3273306A1 - Pièce pour mouvement d'horlogerie - Google Patents

Pièce pour mouvement d'horlogerie Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3273306A1
EP3273306A1 EP16190278.8A EP16190278A EP3273306A1 EP 3273306 A1 EP3273306 A1 EP 3273306A1 EP 16190278 A EP16190278 A EP 16190278A EP 3273306 A1 EP3273306 A1 EP 3273306A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
nip
pivot
copper
nickel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP16190278.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Alexandre Fussinger
Christian Charbon
Marco Verardo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nivarox Far SA
Original Assignee
Nivarox Far SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from EP16180226.9A external-priority patent/EP3273304B1/fr
Application filed by Nivarox Far SA filed Critical Nivarox Far SA
Priority to EP16190278.8A priority Critical patent/EP3273306A1/fr
Priority to EP17157065.8A priority patent/EP3273307A1/fr
Priority to CN201710584919.3A priority patent/CN107632508B/zh
Priority to JP2017138778A priority patent/JP6591498B2/ja
Priority to RU2017125734A priority patent/RU2767960C2/ru
Priority to CN201710584247.6A priority patent/CN107632510B/zh
Priority to JP2017138776A priority patent/JP6762275B2/ja
Priority to CN202110652156.8A priority patent/CN113296382A/zh
Priority to RU2017125759A priority patent/RU2752467C2/ru
Priority to CN201710584243.8A priority patent/CN107632507B/zh
Priority to JP2017138777A priority patent/JP6591497B2/ja
Priority to US15/652,287 priority patent/US11092932B2/en
Priority to US15/652,288 priority patent/US10761482B2/en
Priority to US15/652,283 priority patent/US11237520B2/en
Publication of EP3273306A1 publication Critical patent/EP3273306A1/fr
Priority to HK18107788.1A priority patent/HK1248327A1/zh
Priority to HK18108135.9A priority patent/HK1248836A1/zh
Priority to HK18108785.2A priority patent/HK1249200A1/zh
Priority to JP2019118335A priority patent/JP2019203899A/ja
Priority to JP2019118340A priority patent/JP2019197061A/ja
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B13/00—Gearwork
    • G04B13/02—Wheels; Pinions; Spindles; Pivots
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B1/00—Driving mechanisms
    • G04B1/10—Driving mechanisms with mainspring
    • G04B1/16—Barrels; Arbors; Barrel axles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B13/00—Gearwork
    • G04B13/02—Wheels; Pinions; Spindles; Pivots
    • G04B13/021—Wheels; Pinions; Spindles; Pivots elastic fitting with a spindle, axis or shaft
    • G04B13/022—Wheels; Pinions; Spindles; Pivots elastic fitting with a spindle, axis or shaft with parts made of hard material, e.g. silicon, diamond, sapphire, quartz and the like
    • G04B13/026—
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/14—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. construction of the lever or the escape wheel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/32—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. collet, stud, virole or piton
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B29/00—Frameworks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B43/00—Protecting clockworks by shields or other means against external influences, e.g. magnetic fields
    • G04B43/007—Antimagnetic alloys

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a piece for a watch movement and in particular to a non-magnetic pivoting axis for a mechanical clockwork movement and more particularly to a balance shaft, an anchor rod and a magnetic escape pinion. .
  • the manufacture of a clock pivot axis consists, from a bar of hardened steel, to perform machining operations to define different active surfaces (scope, shoulder, pivots etc.) and then to subject the axis Vietnameselleté to heat treatment operations comprising at least one quench to improve the hardness of the axis and one or more income to improve toughness.
  • the heat treatment operations are followed by a rolling operation of the pivots of the axes, an operation consisting in polishing the pivots to bring them to the required dimensions. During the rolling operation the hardness as well as the roughness of the pivots are further improved.
  • the pivot axes for example the balance shafts, conventionally used in mechanical watch movements are made in grades of free cutting steels which are generally carbon martensitic steels including lead and manganese sulphides to improve their performance. machinability.
  • a steel of this type designated 20AP is typically used for these applications.
  • This type of material has the advantage of being easily machinable, in particular to be able to bar-turning and has, after treatments of quenching and tempering, high mechanical properties very interesting for the realization of horological pivot axes.
  • These steels have in particular after heat treatment a high hardness, to obtain a very good resistance to shocks.
  • the hardness of the pivots of an axis made of steel AP may reach a hardness exceeding 700 HV after heat treatment and rolling.
  • this type of material has the disadvantage of being magnetic and of being able to disrupt the running of a watch after being subjected to a magnetic field, and in particular when this material is used for producing a balance shaft cooperating with a balance spring of ferromagnetic material. This phenomenon is well known to those skilled in the art. It should also be noted that these martensitic steels are also susceptible to corrosion.
  • austenitic stainless steels which have the particularity of being magnetic, that is to say of the paramagnetic or diamagnetic or antiferromagnetic type.
  • these austenitic steels have a crystallographic structure that does not allow them to be hardened and to reach hardnesses and therefore impact strengths that are compatible with the requirements required for the realization of clockwise pivot axes.
  • the axes obtained then have marks or severe damage in case of shocks which will then have a negative influence on the chronometry of the movement.
  • One way to increase the hardness of these steels is work hardening, however this hardening operation does not allow to obtain hardnesses greater than 500 HV. Therefore, in the context of parts having pivots having a high impact resistance, the use of this type of steel remains limited.
  • the pivot axes are made of cobalt or nickel alloy of the austenitic type and have an outer surface hardened to a certain depth.
  • such alloys can be difficult to machine for the manufacture of pivot axes.
  • they are relatively expensive because of the high price of nickel and cobalt.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks mentioned above by proposing a pivot axis that makes it possible at the same time to limit the sensitivity to magnetic fields and to obtain mechanical properties that make it possible to meet the impact resistance requirements in the watchmaking field. .
  • the invention also aims to provide a non-magnetic pivot axis that can be manufactured simply and economically.
  • the invention relates to a pivot axis for a watch movement comprising at least one pivot in a first non-magnetic metal material at at least one of its ends in order to limit its sensitivity to magnetic fields.
  • At least the outer surface of said pivot is covered with a layer of a second material selected from the group comprising Ni and NiP.
  • the pivot axis according to the invention can combine the advantages of low sensitivity to magnetic fields, and at least in the main stress zones, excellent resistance to shocks. Therefore, the pivot axis according to the invention does not present, in case of impact, no mark or severe damage likely to affect the chronometry of the movement.
  • the invention relates to a clockwork comprising a pivot axis as defined above, and in particular a balance shaft, an anchor rod and / or an exhaust pinion comprising an axis. as defined above.
  • non-magnetic material means a paramagnetic or diamagnetic or antiferromagnetic material whose magnetic permeability is less than or equal to 1.01.
  • An alloy of an element is an alloy containing at least 50% by weight of said element.
  • the invention relates to a piece for a watch movement and in particular to a non-magnetic pivoting axis for a mechanical clockwork movement.
  • non-magnetic balance shaft 1 a non-magnetic balance shaft 1.
  • other types of clockwise pivot axes can be envisaged, such as, for example, axes of watch mobiles, typically pinions. exhaust, or anchor rods.
  • the parts of this type have at the body diameters preferably less than 2 mm, and pivots of smaller diameter preferably 0.2 mm, with an accuracy of a few microns.
  • a balance shaft 1 which comprises a plurality of sections 2 of different diameters, preferably formed by machining or any other machining by chip removal technique, and classically defining bearing surfaces 2a and shoulders 2b arranged between two end portions defining two pivots 3. These pivots are intended to each rotate in a bearing, typically in a hole of a stone or ruby.
  • the pivot 3 is made of a first nonmagnetic metallic material 4 in order to advantageously limit its sensitivity to magnetic fields.
  • the first non-magnetic metal material 4 is chosen from the group comprising a steel of the austenitic, preferably stainless, type, a cobalt alloy of the austenitic type, an alloy of nickel of the austenitic type, a non-magnetic titanium alloy, an alloy of non-magnetic aluminum, brass (Cu-Zn) or special brass (Cu-Zn with Al and / or Si and / or Mn), copper-beryllium, bronze (Cu-Sn), aluminum bronze , a copper-aluminum (optionally comprising Ni and / or Fe), a copper-nickel, a nickel silver (Cu-Ni-Zn), a copper-nickel-tin, a copper-nickel-silicon, a copper-nickel-phosphorus , a copper-titanium, the proportions of the various elements of the alloys being chosen to give them non-magnetic properties and good machinability.
  • a steel of the austenitic preferably stainless, type, a co
  • the austenitic steel is high grade stainless steel austenitic steel (HIS), such as Cr-Mn-N P2000 steel from Energytechnik Essen GmbH.
  • HIS high grade stainless steel austenitic steel
  • the cobalt alloy of the austenitic type may comprise at least 39% cobalt, typically an alloy known as "Phynox” or the DIN designation K13C20N16Fe15D7 typically having 39% Co, 19% Cr, 15% Ni and 6% Mo, 1.5% Mn, 18% Fe and additive balances.
  • the austenitic nickel alloy may comprise at least 33% nickel typically an alloy known as MP35N® typically having 35% Ni 20% Cr, 10% Mo, 33% Co and the balance of additives.
  • the titanium alloy preferably comprises at least 85% titanium.
  • the brasses may include CuZn39Pb3, CuZn37Pb2, or CuZn37 alloys.
  • Special brasses may include CuZn37Mn3Al2PbSi, CuZn23Al3Co or CuZn23Al6Mn4Fe3Pb alloys.
  • Nickel silver can include CuNi25Zn11 Pb1 Mn, CuNi7Zn39Pb3Mn2 or CuNi18Zn19Pb1 alloys.
  • Bronzes may include CuSn9 or CuSn6 alloys.
  • Aluminum bronzes may include CuAl9 or CuAl9Fe5Ni5 alloys.
  • Copper-nickel alloys can include the CuNi30 alloy.
  • the copper-nickel-tin alloys can comprise the alloys CuNi15Sn8, CuNi9Sn6 or CuNi7.5Sn5 (sold for example under the name Declafor).
  • Copper-titanium alloys can include the CuTi3Fe alloy.
  • Copper-nickel-silicon alloys may comprise the CuNi3Si alloy.
  • Copper-nickel-phosphorus alloys may comprise the CuNi1P alloy.
  • Copper-Beryllium alloys can include CuBe2Pb or CuBe2 alloys.
  • composition values are given as a percentage by mass.
  • the elements without indication of composition value are either the remainder (majority) or elements for which the percentage in the composition is less than 1% by weight.
  • the nonmagnetic copper alloy may also be an alloy having a mass composition of between 14.5% and 15.5% of Ni, between 7.5% and 8.5% of Sn, at most 0.02% of Pb and the remainder of Cu.
  • Such an alloy is marketed under the trademark Toughmet® by the company Materion.
  • the first non-magnetic metallic material generally has a hardness of less than 600 HV.
  • At least the outer surface of said pivot 3 is covered with a layer 5 of a second material selected from the group comprising Ni and NiP, in order to advantageously offer mechanical properties at the level of said external surface. to obtain the required shock resistance.
  • the phosphorus content may be preferably between 0% (then pure Ni) and 15%.
  • the level of phosphorus in the second NiP material may be an average level of between 6% and 9%, or a high level of between 9% and 12%. It is obvious, however, that the second NiP material may comprise a low level of phosphorus.
  • the layer of the second NiP material can be cured by heat treatment.
  • the layer of the second material has a hardness of preferably greater than 400 HV, more preferably greater than 500 HV.
  • the layer of the second uncured Ni or NiP material has a hardness of preferably greater than 500 HV, but less than 600 HV, that is to say preferably between 500 HV and 550 HV .
  • the pivot axis according to the invention has excellent impact resistance although the layer of the second material may have a hardness (HV) lower than that of the first material.
  • the layer of the second NiP material When cured by heat treatment, the layer of the second NiP material may have a hardness of between 900 HV and 1000 HV.
  • the layer of the second material may have a thickness of between 0.5 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m, preferably between 1 ⁇ m and 5 ⁇ m, and more preferably between 1 ⁇ m and 2 ⁇ m.
  • the layer of the second material is a NiP layer, and more particularly a chemical NiP layer, that is to say deposited chemically.
  • At least the outer surface of the pivot is hardened, that is to say that the rest of the axis, can remain little or no change without significant change in the mechanical properties of the balance shaft 1.
  • This selective hardening of the pivots 3 of the balance shaft 1 makes it possible to cumulate the advantages such as the low sensitivity to the magnetic fields and the mechanical properties making it possible to obtain a very good resistance to shocks, in the main stress zones.
  • the pivot axis may comprise at least one adhesion sub-layer deposited between the first material and the layer of the second material.
  • a gold underlayer and / or a galvanic nickel underlayer may be provided under the layer of the second material.
  • the layer 5 of the second material is deposited according to step b) to have a thickness of between 0.5 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m, preferably between 1 ⁇ m and 5 ⁇ m, and more preferably between 1 ⁇ m and 2 ⁇ m. .
  • step b) of deposition of the layer 5 of the second material may be carried out according to a process chosen from the group comprising PVD, CVD, ALD, galvanic and chemical, and preferably chemical, deposits.
  • the second material is NiP and the deposition step of the NiP layer 5 is carried out according to a chemical nickel deposition process from hypophosphite.
  • the various chemical nickel deposition parameters from hypophosphite to be taken into account such as the phosphorus content in the deposition, the pH, the temperature, or the composition of the nickel plating bath are known to those skilled in the art.
  • commercial baths are used at average rates (6-9%) and at high rates (9-12%) of phosphorus. It is obvious, however, that low-phosphorus or pure nickel baths can also be used.
  • the process according to the invention may further comprise, after the deposition step b), a step c) of heat treatment of the layer 5 of the second material.
  • a step c) of heat treatment makes it possible to obtain a layer 5 of the second material having a hardness of preferably between 900 HV and 1000 HV.
  • the chemical nickel deposition process is particularly advantageous in that it makes it possible to obtain a compliant deposit that has no peak effect. It is thus possible to provide the dimension of the pivot axis of the neck to obtain the desired geometry after recovery by the layer of the second material.
  • the chemical nickel deposition process also has the advantage of being applied in bulk.
  • the method according to the invention may further comprise, before the deposition step b), a step d) of applying at least one sub-layer of adhesion on the first material.
  • a step d) of applying at least one sub-layer of adhesion on the first material for example, in the case of an axis of pivoting in stainless steel type material HIS, it is possible to apply a gold underlayer and / or a galvanic nickel underlayer before the nickel deposition by chemical means.
  • the pivot axis according to the invention may comprise pivots treated according to the invention by applying step b) only to the pivots or be made entirely of a first non-magnetic metallic material, its outer surface being able to be entirely covered with a layer of the second material by applying step b) on all of the surfaces of the pivot axis.
  • the pivots 3 can be rolled or polished before or after the deposition step b), in order to reach the final dimensions and final surface state desired for the pivots 3.
  • the pivot axis according to the invention combines the advantages of a low sensitivity to magnetic fields, and at least in the main stress zones, excellent resistance to shocks. Therefore, the pivot axis according to the invention does not present, in case of impact, no mark or severe damage likely to affect the chronometry of the movement.
  • HIS steel pivot pins are made in a known manner.
  • the bare axles have a hardness of 600HV.
  • pivot axes A lot of these pivot axes is treated according to the method of the invention, the pivot axes being covered with a NiP layer of thickness equal to 1.5 microns obtained from a commercial bath of chemical nickel plating from hypophosphite.
  • pivot axes according to the invention have a hardness of 500 HV.
  • pivot axes are subjected to the same standard shock program for watchmaking.
  • the bare axes, without a NiP layer, are marked as shown in figure 3 .
  • the pins covered with a NiP layer according to the invention are intact, as shown in FIG. figure 4 .
  • the pivot axes according to the invention combine the advantages of low sensitivity to magnetic fields and excellent resistance to shocks.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
EP16190278.8A 2016-07-19 2016-09-23 Pièce pour mouvement d'horlogerie Pending EP3273306A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (19)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP16190278.8A EP3273306A1 (fr) 2016-07-19 2016-09-23 Pièce pour mouvement d'horlogerie
EP17157065.8A EP3273307A1 (fr) 2016-07-19 2017-02-21 Pièce pour mouvement d'horlogerie
US15/652,283 US11237520B2 (en) 2016-07-19 2017-07-18 Component for a timepiece movement
RU2017125759A RU2752467C2 (ru) 2016-07-19 2017-07-18 Компонент для часового механизма
US15/652,287 US11092932B2 (en) 2016-07-19 2017-07-18 Component for a timepiece movement
RU2017125734A RU2767960C2 (ru) 2016-07-19 2017-07-18 Компонент для часового механизма
CN201710584247.6A CN107632510B (zh) 2016-07-19 2017-07-18 用于钟表机芯的构件
JP2017138776A JP6762275B2 (ja) 2016-07-19 2017-07-18 時計ムーブメント用コンポーネント
CN202110652156.8A CN113296382A (zh) 2016-07-19 2017-07-18 用于钟表机芯的构件
CN201710584919.3A CN107632508B (zh) 2016-07-19 2017-07-18 用于钟表机芯的构件
CN201710584243.8A CN107632507B (zh) 2016-07-19 2017-07-18 用于钟表机芯的构件
JP2017138777A JP6591497B2 (ja) 2016-07-19 2017-07-18 時計ムーブメント用コンポーネント
JP2017138778A JP6591498B2 (ja) 2016-07-19 2017-07-18 時計ムーブメント用コンポーネント
US15/652,288 US10761482B2 (en) 2016-07-19 2017-07-18 Component for a timepiece movement
HK18107788.1A HK1248327A1 (zh) 2016-07-19 2018-06-15 用於鐘錶機芯的構件
HK18108135.9A HK1248836A1 (zh) 2016-07-19 2018-06-25 用於鐘錶機芯的構件
HK18108785.2A HK1249200A1 (zh) 2016-07-19 2018-07-06 用於鐘錶機芯的構件
JP2019118335A JP2019203899A (ja) 2016-07-19 2019-06-26 時計ムーブメント用コンポーネント
JP2019118340A JP2019197061A (ja) 2016-07-19 2019-06-26 時計ムーブメント用コンポーネント

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP16180226.9A EP3273304B1 (fr) 2016-07-19 2016-07-19 Pièce pour mouvement d'horlogerie
EP16190278.8A EP3273306A1 (fr) 2016-07-19 2016-09-23 Pièce pour mouvement d'horlogerie

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3273306A1 true EP3273306A1 (fr) 2018-01-24

Family

ID=81766669

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP16190278.8A Pending EP3273306A1 (fr) 2016-07-19 2016-09-23 Pièce pour mouvement d'horlogerie

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3273306A1 (zh)
CN (3) CN107632508B (zh)

Cited By (1)

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EP3432079A1 (fr) * 2017-07-12 2019-01-23 Société anonyme de la Manufacture d'Horlogerie Audemars Piguet & Cie Composant horloger en alliage binaire cuni amagnétique

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CH715163A2 (fr) * 2018-07-10 2020-01-15 Blancpain Sa Composant d'horlogerie avec partie arbrée en alliage amagnétique.
EP3800511B1 (fr) * 2019-10-02 2022-05-18 Nivarox-FAR S.A. Axe de pivotement d'un organe réglant
EP3885842B1 (fr) * 2020-03-26 2024-03-20 Nivarox-FAR S.A. Composant horloger amagnétique avec résistance à l'usure améliorée
EP3968095A1 (fr) * 2020-09-15 2022-03-16 ETA SA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse Procédé de fabrication d'un composant de micromécanique, notamment d'un mobile d'horlogerie, avec surface de contact optimisee
EP4033307A1 (fr) * 2021-01-22 2022-07-27 ETA SA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse Ensemble comprenant un mobile tournant en matériau amagnétique et un coussinet muni d'un cône
EP4075205A1 (fr) * 2021-04-16 2022-10-19 ETA SA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse Procédé de fabrication d'un mobile d'horlogerie et mobile d'horlogerie obtenu par sa mise en oeuvre

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CN107632508B (zh) 2022-05-24
CN107632510B (zh) 2021-01-08
CN107632507A (zh) 2018-01-26
CN107632510A (zh) 2018-01-26
CN107632508A (zh) 2018-01-26

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