EP3199717A1 - Construction element - Google Patents

Construction element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3199717A1
EP3199717A1 EP16000176.4A EP16000176A EP3199717A1 EP 3199717 A1 EP3199717 A1 EP 3199717A1 EP 16000176 A EP16000176 A EP 16000176A EP 3199717 A1 EP3199717 A1 EP 3199717A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
walls
construction
side walls
assembly means
construction element
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
EP16000176.4A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3199717B1 (en
Inventor
Pascal Deniau
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to EP16000176.4A priority Critical patent/EP3199717B1/en
Publication of EP3199717A1 publication Critical patent/EP3199717A1/en
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Publication of EP3199717B1 publication Critical patent/EP3199717B1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/40—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/04—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements
    • E04B2/06—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E04B2/08—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/39—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra
    • E04C1/397—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra serving for locating conduits
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0215—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with separate protrusions
    • E04B2002/0223—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with separate protrusions of cylindrical shape

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a construction element that can be assembled with similar elements to construct walls or other surfaces of a building.
  • the invention relates more particularly to the field of wood construction, to build houses with wood frame or isolate a building, but not limited to this type of construction.
  • the invention thus aims to provide construction elements whose implementation is easy and fast to raise walls or other structures of a building.
  • the invention aims in particular to provide a construction element of substantially parallelepiped shape provided with means for assembling by male-female type interlocking with similar construction elements and allow in particular easy assembly in different directions with other similar elements.
  • the invention provides for this purpose a parallelepiped shaped construction element having two opposite end walls and parallel to each other on either side of a periphery formed of four opposite side walls and parallel to each other in pairs, and comprising complementary assembly means of the male-female type which make it possible to assemble by interlocking said element with other similar building elements.
  • This construction element according to the invention is characterized in that it has complementary assembly means, one projecting in the form of pins disposed on the outer face of two of its contiguous side walls and the other recessed appearing under form of complementary recesses to tenons arranged from the outer face of its two other adjacent side walls, which allow the assembly by interlocking said element with another similar building element by their side faces, said building element further having on each of its front outer faces means for locating receiving locations of other posts or arranging other recesses, so as to have additional assembly means for assembling said element with another similar structural element by perpendicular interlocking a front side of one with a side face of the other o u by frontal interlocking of a front face of one with a front face of the other.
  • said locating means for positioning additional assembly means are in the form of markings on the surface of the walls, for example made by printing or precutting in the walls of said construction element.
  • the respective assembly means of the side walls of said element of construction are arranged with the same spacing.
  • the marking means present on the front walls for the positioning of additional assembly means are arranged with the same spacing. It is thus easy to assemble two construction elements by their assembly means which complement and are in correspondence regardless of the respective faces or portions of complementary faces of the construction elements brought into contact.
  • the means for assembling a lateral wall are preferably centered on the corresponding lateral external face of said element. They are preferably aligned and 3 in each side face.
  • the construction element has on its front external faces, a grid formed of a first network of parallel lines and a second network of parallel lines perpendicular to said first network, the distance between two parallel lines immediately. adjacent said gratings being equal to the basic spacing of said assembly means so that said means for locating additional assembly means locations are centered on the intersection of two perpendicular lines of said gratings.
  • At the intersection of two perpendicular lines is marked for example by printing, a simple circle or the shape of the assembly means to be added, said circle or said shape being centered on this point of intersection.
  • the shape of the additional assembly means can be marked by a precut in the front wall considered.
  • a grid of lines is made on each outer face of said construction element such that the distance between two parallel lines immediately adjacent to is equal to the basic distance between the assembly means.
  • This grid is made before positioning the useful assembly means, so that it is then easy to place said assembly means on the side walls of the construction element, positioning them at the intersection of two lines perpendicular to said grid, and also to place the additional assembly means to be added to the front walls.
  • the grid lines are straight lines parallel to one of the edges of the considered wall.
  • the grid of lines is advantageously made in the continuity of an outer face to the other of said construction element to allow an effective grid for positioning the various male-female assembly means required.
  • said construction element is of parallelepipedal shape and has two opposite end walls and parallel to each other. defining a front end wall and a front end wall disposed on either side of a normal assembly surround consisting of two opposite and parallel side walls defining one upper wall and one lower wall and two opposite other side walls and parallel to each other defining the opposite flanks of said element.
  • the assembly of the building elements according to the invention can be done vertically but also flat or according to a given slope.
  • the building elements according to the invention can be used to realize various types of construction such as walls, floors, ceilings, undersides of roofing.
  • the building elements according to the invention can be assembled flat to form a floor or ceiling or according to a given slope to form a sloping surface, said elements being in abutment directly on the floor to be covered or on other supports like rafters or beams to support their assembly.
  • the construction element according to the invention can therefore easily be assembled by all its external faces to other elements of similar constructions, once all the necessary male-female type assembly means arranged at the right locations, to construct a first row and then add a new row and so on.
  • each external front face of the building element is of square shape and the external lateral faces are of rectangular shape with a width equal to about half the size of one side of the square of said faces. front.
  • each front wall forms a square of 60 cm side, and the assembly means for each side face are positioned with a spacing of 15 cm.
  • the locating means on the front faces are also arranged with the same basic distance of 15 cm.
  • this construction element is preferably designed so that its faces have multiple dimensions of the basic spacing of the assembly means carried by the side walls.
  • the projecting assembly means can be removable or not. This choice may in particular depend on the way in which said construction element is manufactured.
  • the pins forming the projecting assembly means may be in the form of pads or discs which are screwed or nailed to the walls of the construction element, or in the form of studs molded with the block itself. which then constitutes a monoblock.
  • These projecting assembly means can be clipable to be nested by force in the complementary assembly means recessed.
  • the construction element comprises recessed assembly means in the form of oblong recesses.
  • only the recesses of only one of the side walls are of oblong shape.
  • the assembly means in the hollow of the main wall assembly of the elements which are oblong.
  • the main mounting wall is the one that comes first to fit on the tenons of the wall of a building element already in place, for example the bottom wall in the case of building elements fitting by superimposition on the upper face of the other element.
  • the oblong shape of the recesses allows to position this mounting wall of the element to be posed with a small offset against the face of an adjacent element already in place in a row already formed and adjacent to the one under construction, then to slide said element to be laid down to fit the assembly means of the face contiguous to said main wall mounting said element to be installed in the complementary assembly means of the side wall of an element adjacent already in place of said row under construction.
  • the construction element further comprises an internal conduit for the passage of elongated elements (filiform or tubular) useful for electrical, hydraulic, aeraulic, gas or other distributions in the constructions, such as electric wires, cables, ducts or pipes.
  • This inner duct is preferably in the form of a cross, made of two branches which intersect perpendicularly, and which preferably communicate at their intersection.
  • Each of the branches of the cross goes from one side wall to the opposite side wall, to open on both sides in a hole (through hole) made in each of said side walls of the building element.
  • these orifices giving passage to said elongated elements (electrical wires, cables, sheaths or ducts) to be inserted into the internal conduit of the construction element, form handling jacks for easily transporting said element of construction or for handling it during its pose.
  • this cross-shaped internal duct is in the form of a hollow tubular piece, which is arranged against the internal face of one of the walls, preferably one of the front walls, of the building element.
  • this front wall is the wall oriented towards the interior of the part or building under construction, in particular to have easy access and good thermal insulation of the elongated elements which will pass in this conduit.
  • the building element is advantageously insulating, and for this purpose it is filled with an insulating material.
  • This insulating material may be in particular chosen from polyurethane foam, wood wool, cellulose wadding. Any other insulating material may also be suitable depending on the level of insulation required.
  • provision may furthermore be made, for example, for the walls of the construction elements to have grooved edges allowing a tongue-and-groove edge joint (assembly of a tongue in a groove) of the element walls. adjacent buildings.
  • the construction element is furthermore made so that its front walls, front and rear, are offset with respect to the edge of its walls. side walls so as to create a shoulder protruding from said side walls with respect to two contiguous side walls and a shoulder recessed from said front walls with respect to the other two adjacent side walls, said shoulders having the same width so that in more than the interlocking of the assembly means projecting from one element of construction into those in hollow of another element, the part defined by the shoulders set back from one of the elements comes to fit into the defined part by the shoulders above the other element.
  • the construction element comprises walls which are each formed by a plate cut from a material which may be raw wood or preferably an agglomerate of wood particles, in particular an agglomerate called "OSB" (Oriented Strand Board) formed of oriented large particle chips which is known per se in the trade of wood construction.
  • the plates are assembled to each other to form a block of parallelepiped shape.
  • the walls of said building element are plates based on a synthetic polymer material, for example based on poly (vinyl chloride), polystyrene or polyurethane.
  • said plates all have the same thickness.
  • these shoulders are made by shifting the front walls by a distance substantially less than or equal to thickness of the plates used to manufacture said construction element, in particular the thickness of the side plates, preferably said plates making up the walls of said element having all the same thickness.
  • the building element is in the form of a monoblock, molded in a polymeric material, or mortar-based, which may optionally include mineral or organic fillers, depending on the choice of materials.
  • the inner conduit in particular in the form of a cross, can be made inside the block, by molding in the material constituting the construction element. In the particular case of blocks with shoulders, these shoulders are made during molding.
  • the materials used may be from recycled materials.
  • the assembly of the building elements according to the invention is designed in such a way that no joining material, such as a cement, is necessary to be inserted between each element, the elements being held together sufficiently in self, thanks to their assembly system.
  • a building element according to the invention can be used several times if desired. It is indeed possible to easily dismount a wall or any other construction consisting of building elements according to the invention and reuse these elements for a new construction.
  • the construction element B according to the invention shown in Figures 1 to 4 has a parallelepipedic shape. It comprises six walls parallel to each other in pairs: four successive lateral walls 1, 2, 3, 4 parallel and opposite in pairs which form the periphery of said element, and two opposite end walls 5, 6 also parallel to each other arranged around this circumference.
  • This element thus forms a building block comprising a side wall 1 corresponding to its upper wall, an opposite side wall 2 corresponding to its bottom wall, two other opposite side walls 3 and 4 forming the opposite left and right sides of said element, and two opposite end walls 5, 6 forming a rear end wall 5 and a front end wall 6.
  • the building block according to this example comprises, on its four side walls, complementary assembly means of tenons-mortise type.
  • the two end faces according to this preferred example are square in shape and the four lateral faces are rectangular.
  • the thickness E of the building element B is about half of the length L or the height H of said element corresponding to the dimension of the side of said square shape of the front walls.
  • the dimensions of this element are chosen advantageously so as to be multiple of each other.
  • the length L and the height H of the block are 60 cm in accordance with the dimensions of the square that form each of the end faces, and its thickness E corresponding to the width of the side faces is half that is 30 cm.
  • the dimensions of the building block B described according to this example are therefore multiples of 15 cm.
  • This choice of dimensions of the blocks is adapted to the construction of walls according to usual dimensions of the houses. For example, with four superimposed rows of blocks 60 cm high as described and a failure of 10 cm, we obtain a wall with a height of 2.50 m, the classic size of a house interior wall.
  • the tenons T appearing projecting and mortises M, M 'appearing hollow are also arranged on the lateral faces according to these dimensional criteria, with a spacing of 15 cm for a given face.
  • This basic spacing of the assembly means is the same for all.
  • the construction element has a grid of straight lines printed on its faces. The intersection of two perpendicular lines defines the positioning mark of reception or arrangement of assembly means necessary. The spacing between two parallel parallel lines corresponds to the basic spacing of said assembly means.
  • the grid lines are arranged so as to form squares according to this example, 15 cm by 15 cm, on each of the outer faces of said block. It is thus possible to place the hollow or projecting assembly means at the intersection of two lines, which makes it possible to always have the assembly means in correspondence with the complementary assembly means which will face it and which will be carried by a wall of the adjacent building element to be assembled.
  • the building element B On each of its front faces the building element B comprises in particular an impression of a grid 8 formed of a first network of parallel lines 850, 851, 852 and a second network of parallel lines 853, 854, 855 perpendicular first network, creating 80 squares (see figure 4 ).
  • These locating means 81 slots mortises or receiving additional tenons on the end faces may have the shape of the mortise or tenon, or simply be each represented by a circle indicative of the location.
  • These mortises or additional tenons will be respectively hollowed or affixed during the construction of walls with change of direction in the assembly as will be explained for the figure 6 , or in the case of doubling rows of building blocks.
  • the construction element B thus comprises three pins T, appearing in projection, aligned and centered on the upper external face of said element.
  • these tenons are discs each having a thickness of about 15 to 20 mm. They are arranged with a spacing of 15 cm on said upper outer face at the intersections of the grid lines.
  • Block B also includes tenons T on the lateral external face contiguous to the upper face (forming the right side of said block), which are identical disks and arranged similarly to those just described for the upper face.
  • Block B also includes mortices M appearing hollow on the other side face (forming the left side of said block), as shown in FIG. figure 2 , of circular shape, which are present in a regular manner, similarly to that of the tenons T, with a spacing of 15 cm according to the example described. These recesses have a depth of 15 to 20 mm in the wall of the block, depending on the shape and size of the tenons that will fit into it.
  • Block B furthermore comprises mortises M 'appearing hollow and of oblong shape on the lower face contiguous to said left flank 3, as shown in FIG.
  • FIG 3 and which are present in a regular manner with a spacing of 15 cm similar to that of the mortises M of the contiguous side wall (left flank) represented in figure 2 .
  • the oblong shape of the mortises in the bottom wall 2 makes it easy to assemble building blocks row by row. For example, the oblong mortises on the lower face of a block to be laid in a row in progress are placed over the tenons of the upper face of the adjacent block of the row below, then pushing said block to pose by dragging the oblong mortises according to these tenons to fit the mortises of the flank of said block to be placed in the tenons of the flank of the block adjacent to its left already laid in said current row.
  • the tenons can be disks that are fixed by screws or spikes for example, depending on whether or not these removable disks.
  • the mortises are made by recesses in the wall of the plates, the recesses may be through depending on the thickness of the plate and the desired depth.
  • the locating means 81 of the mortise or reception locations of additional tenons of the front walls according to the example have a circular shape such as the mortises or tenons of said example.
  • an inner conduit 7, within the building block B which is in the form of a centered and contiguous cross on the inner face according to this example of the front end wall 6 of said block.
  • This cross is made of two hollow branches that intersect perpendicularly interconnecting internally.
  • the vertical branch of the cross extends from the upper side wall 1 to the opposite side wall 2 (bottom wall) of the block B, and the perpendicular branch extends transversely, from the side wall forming one of the sidewalls 3 to the wall opposite side 4 forming the other side of the block.
  • This inner conduit 7 in the form of a cross opens into orifices 10, 20, 30, 40 respectively pierced in each of the side walls 1, 2, 3, 4 of said element.
  • orifices allow the insertion of elongated elements (filiform or tubular), such as electrical son, cables, sheaths or pipes various useful for the construction of the building in question, in said internal conduit 7 cross-shaped.
  • elongated elements such as electrical son, cables, sheaths or pipes various useful for the construction of the building in question.
  • These orifices 10, 20, 30, 40 in the walls also advantageously constitute a catch facilitating the handling of said construction element.
  • the internal cross duct 7 is preferably a separate piece, in the form of a hollow tube and in the form of a cross. This inner part 7 is disposed against the inner face of one of the walls, in particular one of the front walls of the construction element, for example before closing the parallelepiped forming said element.
  • the angles at the intersection of the branches of said cross are preferably rounded to facilitate the passage of said elongated elements.
  • the construction element B is made by assembling chipboard of wood particles called "OSB", cut to the desired dimensions, and which have been printed with a grid of lines, and circles to the intersection of said lines, to appear on the outer faces of the walls of said block, to position in the right places the various assembly means that are the tenons and mortises.
  • OSB chipboard of wood particles
  • the building element is advantageously filled with an insulating material before being closed to form a box, in particular to achieve the level of insulation required by building standards.
  • the insulation material can be injected through the mortises in the case where they form lights in said box.
  • the mechanical strength of said block is sufficient to support a weight, including the weight of a person.
  • FIG 5 schematically shows, exploded, a coplanar assembly of building blocks according to the invention such as the construction element B which has just been described in Figures 1 to 4 , the assembled blocks here being referenced B1, B2 and B3.
  • the block B2 is assembled laterally on the right of the block B1 by fitting the tenons T14 of a flank of the block B1 corresponding mortises M23 flank block B2 adjacent thereto.
  • the internal ducts 17 and 27 for the passage of ducts, ducts, cables or electrical wires in the building elements respectively B1 and B2 also correspond, through the orifices pierced in the adjacent walls of the blocks where they open, so as to form a horizontal internal duct according to the example, all along the wall to build.
  • the block B3 is assembled by superposition on the block B1, by interlocking the tenons T11 of the upper wall of the block B1 in the oblong slot M'32 of the lower side wall of the block B3, the inner conduit 37 of B3 also corresponding to the inner conduit 17 of the block B1, so as to form a vertical duct according to the example, over the entire height of the wall to be built.
  • Blocks B1, B2, B3 are therefore both properly positioned relative to each other and also held to each other by interlocking. It is thus possible, according to the example, to form rows of building elements one above others to raise a wall in the longitudinal (horizontal) and vertical directions.
  • a first row of blocks is preferably assembled, from left to right, then another row from left to right is assembled, and the operation is repeated until the desired set of blocks is obtained.
  • FIG 6 is schematically represented an assembly of two building elements according to the invention in the case where there is a change of direction of the assembly of said elements, that is to say when these elements are arranged perpendicularly one of relative to each other to assemble the side face of one with the front face of the other.
  • the block B4 is arranged perpendicular to the block B5.
  • the front wall 46 of the block B4 has been provided with additional tenons T46, arranged at locations marked in circles such as the circle 81 shown on the block B of FIGS. Figures 1 to 4 which was drawn at the intersections of the grid lines 8.
  • Each of the additional tenons T46 is thus disposed at the right place to be in correspondence with the mortises M53 which appear hollow on the outer face of the side wall 53 forming one of the flanks of the B5 building block.
  • the figure 7 schematically shows, exploded, a coplanar assembly of two building blocks according to a variant of the invention in the case where it is desired to improve the airtightness of the junction between two blocks so as to improve the energy performance of the construction.
  • two identical blocks B'1 and B'2 are assembled by lateral engagement, the front walls of which have been offset from the edges of the side walls to form shoulders.
  • the front walls 6 'and rear 5' of each of the blocks are shifted according to this example up and to the right, that is to say both to the upper wall 1 'and the side wall 4 ', so as to create the respective upstream protruding shoulders 15' and 16 'of the upper and right wall 45' and 46 'respectively of the right side wall and further of the recessed shoulders at the bottom 26' (that on the rear face is not visible in the figure) respective of the lower wall 2 'and on the left side 35' and 36 'respectively of the left side wall.
  • the width of the shoulders 'e' "which corresponds to the offset distance of the end walls from the edges of the side walls is at most equal to the thickness of a plate forming the side walls, while ensuring that the tenons a side wall can be suitably nested in the mortises of a side face of another element to be assembled.
  • the grids of lines 8 'for locating locations for receiving tenons or arrangements of hollows on the front faces of said blocks are shifted to the left by a distance "e'", corresponding to the width of the shoulders, with respect to the grids 8 in the end walls of blocks without said shoulders described in FIGS. Figures 1 to 6 , so that these frontal grids remain in continuity with the grids that can exist on the lateral faces despite the shoulders.
  • the distance between the lines is the basic spacing of 15 cm according to the example described here.
  • the building block B'2 comes to assemble laterally on the right of the other building block B'1 by fitting the tenons T'14 of a flank of the block B'1 in the corresponding mortises M'23 of the flank block B2 adjacent thereto, and at the same time the projecting portion on the left side of the block B'2, created by the recessed shoulders on the left side of said block B'2, is embedded in the hollow portion created by the shoulders overflowing on the right side of the other block B'1, which improves the airtightness at the junction of the two blocks.
  • the building elements can be assembled to each other as described but flat to form for example a floor.
  • the flat elements are assembled by fitting the connecting elements projecting from a side wall to the recessed elements of a side wall of another element which is adjacent thereto.
  • building elements can be arranged perpendicularly on the front faces of the flat elements in order to mount walls for example.
  • a ceiling can be made by fitting the construction elements according to the invention flat, said elements resting on a support such as a set of beams. It is also possible to produce a sloping surface such as a sub-roof by mounting building elements according to the invention in superimposed rows and at a desired angle of inclination, resting on supports.
  • the building elements according to the invention may be entirely made by molding or injection of a plastic material such as polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride or still polystyrene.
  • the construction element according to the invention has been illustrated with connecting elements projecting from its upper wall and one of its side walls forming a first sidewall and recessed mounting elements on its bottom wall and its another side wall forming a second flank opposite the first, as this embodiment corresponds to the most practical embodiment for raising a wall, however the opposite, namely recessed assembly elements present on its upper wall and the one of its side walls forming a first flank and projecting connecting elements present on its bottom wall and its other side wall forming a second side opposite to the first one may be an equivalent embodiment within the scope of the invention insofar as the connecting elements of a given type, for example protruding, are present on two adjacent first side walls and complementary connecting elements of a complementary type, for example recessed, are present on the other two adjacent side walls.
  • the invention is advantageous insofar as the construction element is very simple and quick to implement, within the reach of a single person, and provides a solid enough construction not to have to provide a cement at the junction of said building elements.
  • the construction especially in the case of a wall, made by interlocking said building elements together may nevertheless advantageously, once said assembled elements, be consolidated in its structure for example by the facing to be affixed to the construction that will support said elements or by the addition of specific plates provided for this purpose, or by any other means, which may if necessary be subsequently covered with a decoration for example. It can be provided to cover the construction elements of a rain screen, especially for the outer side of a wall, before affixing the final siding.
  • the building elements according to the invention make it easy and quick to build walls, floors, ceilings, under-roofing of houses or other types of buildings, or to insulate a building. They can be used to build an annex to a building or create a room even inside an existing building, including a shed or garage without the need for a concrete slab on the ground for them. support.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un élément de construction parallélépipédique présentant deux parois frontales opposées et parallèles entre elles de part et d'autre d'un pourtour formé de quatre parois latérales opposées et parallèles entre elles deux à deux, et comprenant des moyens d'assemblage complémentaires de type mâle-femelle qui permettent d'assembler par emboîtement ledit élément avec d'autres éléments de construction similaires, caractérisé en ce que ledit élément de construction présente des moyens d'assemblage complémentaires, sous forme de tenons (T) en face externe de deux de ses parois latérales contiguës (1,4) et de creusures (M, M') aménagées depuis la face externe de ses deux autres parois latérales contiguës (2,3), qui permettent l'assemblage par emboîtement dudit élément avec un autre élément de construction similaire par leurs faces latérales, ledit élément de construction présentant en outre sur ses faces frontales externes des moyens de repérage (81) d'emplacements de réception d'autres tenons ou d'aménagement d'autres creusures, de manière à disposer des moyens d'assemblage supplémentaires pour assembler ledit élément avec un autre élément de construction similaire perpendiculairement ou frontalement.The invention relates to a parallelepipedic structural element having two opposite end walls and parallel to each other on either side of a periphery formed by four opposite side walls and parallel to each other in pairs, and comprising complementary assembly means male-female type which allow to assemble said element with other similar structural elements, characterized in that said element of construction has complementary assembly means, in the form of tenons (T) on the outer face of two of its contiguous side walls (1,4) and recesses (M, M ') arranged from the external face of its two other adjacent side walls (2,3), which allow the assembly by fitting said element with another similar construction element by their side faces, said building element further having on its outer end faces means locating (81) receiving locations of other posts or arranging other recesses, so as to have additional assembly means for assembling said element with another similar structural element perpendicularly or frontally.

Description

La présente invention concerne un élément de construction pouvant s'assembler avec des éléments similaires de manière à construire des murs ou autres surfaces d'un bâtiment.The present invention relates to a construction element that can be assembled with similar elements to construct walls or other surfaces of a building.

L'invention se rapporte plus particulièrement au domaine de la construction bois, pour construire des maisons à armature bois ou isoler un bâtiment, sans toutefois se limiter à ce type de construction.The invention relates more particularly to the field of wood construction, to build houses with wood frame or isolate a building, but not limited to this type of construction.

La construction de bâtiments notamment en bois est assez longue et requiert l'intervention de spécialistes, de la conception jusqu'au montage des éléments de construction. Il subsiste un besoin de simplification de la construction de tels bâtiments ou de la réalisation de l'isolation d'un bâtiment.The construction of buildings, especially wood, is quite long and requires the intervention of specialists, from the design to the assembly of the building elements. There remains a need for simplification of the construction of such buildings or the realization of the insulation of a building.

On connaît par exemple par la demande de brevet allemande DE 199 03 287 des éléments de construction de forme parallélépipédique pouvant être assemblés par emboîtement avec des éléments de construction similaires qui lui sont adjacents. Ces éléments ne sont toutefois pas très facilement mis en oeuvre pour construire des murs ou autres structures.We know for example by the German patent application DE 199 03 287 parallelepiped-shaped building elements that can be assembled by interlocking with similar building elements that are adjacent to it. These elements are however not very easily implemented to build walls or other structures.

L'invention vise ainsi à proposer des éléments de construction dont la mise en oeuvre est facile et rapide pour élever des murs ou réaliser d'autres structures d'un bâtiment.The invention thus aims to provide construction elements whose implementation is easy and fast to raise walls or other structures of a building.

L'invention vise en particulier à fournir un élément de construction de forme sensiblement parallélépipédique muni de moyens pour s'assembler par emboîtement de type mâle-femelle avec des éléments de construction similaires et permettre notamment son assemblage facile suivant des directions différentes avec d'autres éléments similaires.The invention aims in particular to provide a construction element of substantially parallelepiped shape provided with means for assembling by male-female type interlocking with similar construction elements and allow in particular easy assembly in different directions with other similar elements.

L'invention fournit à cet effet un élément de construction de forme parallélépipédique présentant deux parois frontales opposées et parallèles entre elles de part et d'autre d'un pourtour formé de quatre parois latérales opposées et parallèles entre elles deux à deux, et comprenant des moyens d'assemblage complémentaires de type mâle-femelle qui permettent d'assembler par emboîtement ledit élément avec d'autres éléments de construction similaires. Cet élément de construction selon l'invention se caractérise en ce qu'il présente des moyens d'assemblage complémentaires, les uns en saillie sous forme de tenons disposés sur la face externe de deux de ses parois latérales contiguës et les autres en creux apparaissant sous forme de creusures complémentaires aux tenons aménagées depuis la face externe de ses deux autres parois latérales contiguës, qui permettent l'assemblage par emboîtement dudit élément avec un autre élément de construction similaire par leurs faces latérales, ledit élément de construction présentant en outre sur chacune de ses faces externes frontales des moyens de repérage d'emplacements de réception d'autres tenons ou d'aménagement d'autres creusures, de manière à disposer des moyens d'assemblage supplémentaires pour assembler ledit élément avec un autre élément de construction similaire par emboîtement perpendiculaire d'une face frontale de l'un avec une face latérale de l'autre ou par emboîtement frontal d'une face frontale de l'un avec une face frontale de l'autre.The invention provides for this purpose a parallelepiped shaped construction element having two opposite end walls and parallel to each other on either side of a periphery formed of four opposite side walls and parallel to each other in pairs, and comprising complementary assembly means of the male-female type which make it possible to assemble by interlocking said element with other similar building elements. This construction element according to the invention is characterized in that it has complementary assembly means, one projecting in the form of pins disposed on the outer face of two of its contiguous side walls and the other recessed appearing under form of complementary recesses to tenons arranged from the outer face of its two other adjacent side walls, which allow the assembly by interlocking said element with another similar building element by their side faces, said building element further having on each of its front outer faces means for locating receiving locations of other posts or arranging other recesses, so as to have additional assembly means for assembling said element with another similar structural element by perpendicular interlocking a front side of one with a side face of the other o u by frontal interlocking of a front face of one with a front face of the other.

De préférence selon l'invention lesdits moyens de repérage d'emplacements où positionner des moyens d'assemblage supplémentaires se présentent sous forme de marquages à la surface des parois, par exemple réalisés par impression ou par prédécoupe dans les parois dudit élément de construction.Preferably, according to the invention, said locating means for positioning additional assembly means are in the form of markings on the surface of the walls, for example made by printing or precutting in the walls of said construction element.

De préférence et avantageusement selon l'invention, les moyens d'assemblage respectifs des parois latérales dudit élément de construction sont disposés avec le même entraxe. De même les moyens de repérage présents sur les parois frontales pour le positionnement de moyens d'assemblage supplémentaires sont disposés avec ce même entraxe. Il est ainsi aisé d'assembler deux éléments de construction par leurs moyens d'assemblage qui se complètent et se trouvent en correspondance quelles que soient les faces ou parties de faces complémentaires respectives des éléments de construction mises en contact.Preferably and advantageously according to the invention, the respective assembly means of the side walls of said element of construction are arranged with the same spacing. Similarly, the marking means present on the front walls for the positioning of additional assembly means are arranged with the same spacing. It is thus easy to assemble two construction elements by their assembly means which complement and are in correspondence regardless of the respective faces or portions of complementary faces of the construction elements brought into contact.

Les moyens d'assemblage d'une paroi latérale sont de préférence centrés sur la face externe latérale correspondante dudit élément. Ils sont de préférence alignés et au nombre de 3 par face latérale.The means for assembling a lateral wall are preferably centered on the corresponding lateral external face of said element. They are preferably aligned and 3 in each side face.

Avantageusement selon l'invention, l'élément de construction présente sur ses faces externes frontales, un quadrillage formé d'un premier réseau de lignes parallèles et d'un second réseau de lignes parallèles perpendiculaire audit premier réseau, la distance entre deux lignes parallèles immédiatement voisines desdits réseaux étant égale à l'entraxe basique desdits moyens d'assemblage de sorte que lesdits moyens de repérage d'emplacements de moyens d'assemblage supplémentaires sont centrés sur l'intersection de deux lignes perpendiculaires desdits réseaux. A l'intersection de deux lignes perpendiculaires on marque par exemple par impression, un simple cercle ou encore on représente la forme du moyen d'assemblage à ajouter, ledit cercle ou ladite forme étant centrés sur ce point d'intersection. Alternativement on peut marquer la forme du moyen d'assemblage supplémentaire par une prédécoupe dans la paroi frontale considérée.Advantageously according to the invention, the construction element has on its front external faces, a grid formed of a first network of parallel lines and a second network of parallel lines perpendicular to said first network, the distance between two parallel lines immediately. adjacent said gratings being equal to the basic spacing of said assembly means so that said means for locating additional assembly means locations are centered on the intersection of two perpendicular lines of said gratings. At the intersection of two perpendicular lines is marked for example by printing, a simple circle or the shape of the assembly means to be added, said circle or said shape being centered on this point of intersection. Alternatively, the shape of the additional assembly means can be marked by a precut in the front wall considered.

Plus généralement et avantageusement, on réalise un quadrillage de lignes sur chaque face externe dudit élément de construction tel que la distance entre deux lignes parallèles immédiatement voisines soit égale à l'entraxe basique des moyens d'assemblage. Ce quadrillage est réalisé avant de positionner les moyens d'assemblage utiles, de sorte qu'il est ensuite facile de placer lesdits moyens d'assemblage sur les parois latérales de l'élément de construction, en les positionnant à l'intersection de deux lignes perpendiculaires dudit quadrillage, et également de placer les moyens d'assemblage supplémentaires qui seront à ajouter sur les parois frontales.More generally and advantageously, a grid of lines is made on each outer face of said construction element such that the distance between two parallel lines immediately adjacent to is equal to the basic distance between the assembly means. This grid is made before positioning the useful assembly means, so that it is then easy to place said assembly means on the side walls of the construction element, positioning them at the intersection of two lines perpendicular to said grid, and also to place the additional assembly means to be added to the front walls.

Les lignes du quadrillage sont des lignes droites et parallèles à l'un des bords de la paroi considérée. Le quadrillage de lignes est avantageusement réalisé dans la continuité d'une face externe à l'autre dudit élément de construction afin de permettre un quadrillage efficace pour le positionnement des divers moyens d'assemblage mâle-femelle nécessaires.The grid lines are straight lines parallel to one of the edges of the considered wall. The grid of lines is advantageously made in the continuity of an outer face to the other of said construction element to allow an effective grid for positioning the various male-female assembly means required.

Plus particulièrement pour des éléments de construction selon l'invention destinés à être montés par rangées superposées comme cela est décrit plus loin dans le cadre d'un exemple, ledit élément de construction est de forme parallélépipédique et présente deux parois frontales opposées et parallèles entre elles définissant une paroi frontale arrière et une paroi frontale avant disposées de part et d'autre d'un pourtour d'assemblage normal composé de deux parois latérales opposées et parallèles entre elles définissant une paroi supérieure et une paroi inférieure et de deux autres parois latérales opposées et parallèles entre elles définissant les flancs opposés dudit élément.More particularly for building elements according to the invention intended to be mounted in superimposed rows as described below in the context of an example, said construction element is of parallelepipedal shape and has two opposite end walls and parallel to each other. defining a front end wall and a front end wall disposed on either side of a normal assembly surround consisting of two opposite and parallel side walls defining one upper wall and one lower wall and two opposite other side walls and parallel to each other defining the opposite flanks of said element.

On peut ainsi assembler latéralement deux éléments de construction adjacents coplanaires selon l'invention en emboîtant les moyens d'assemblage en saillie d'une des parois latérales de l'un dans les moyens d'assemblage en creux d'une des parois latérales de l'autre lui faisant face.It is thus possible laterally to assemble two adjacent coplanar building elements according to the invention by fitting the assembly means projecting from one of the side walls of one into the recessed assembly means of one of the side walls of the housing. another facing him.

On peut aussi assembler deux éléments de construction selon l'invention adjacents perpendiculairement (par disposition perpendiculaire de l'un par rapport à l'autre), dans le cas d'un changement de direction d'assemblage, en emboîtant les moyens d'assemblage en saillie ou en creux présents sur une paroi latérale d'un élément dans les moyens d'assemblage supplémentaires respectivement en creux ou en saillie de forme complémentaires à ceux de ladite paroi latérale, qui auront été ajoutés sur l'une des parois frontales de l'autre élément de construction, aux emplacements repérés sur ladite paroi frontale de cet autre élément de construction.It is also possible to assemble two adjacent construction elements perpendicularly (by perpendicular disposition of the one with respect to the other), in the case of a change of assembly direction, by fitting the assembly means. protruding or recessed present on a side wall of an element in the additional assembly means respectively recessed or projecting shape complementary to those of said side wall, which have been added on one of the front walls of the another building element, at the locations marked on said front wall of this other building element.

On peut par ailleurs assembler frontalement deux éléments de construction selon l'invention en les disposant parallèlement l'un à l'autre, par exemple dans le cas d'un doublement de mur, en emboîtant les moyens d'assemblage en saillie supplémentaires ajoutés sur l'une des parois frontales d'un élément de construction, dans les moyens d'assemblage supplémentaires complémentaires en creux qui auront été ajoutés dans la paroi frontale de l'autre élément de construction lui faisant face, lesdits moyens d'assemblage supplémentaires ayant été disposés aux emplacements repérés sur les parois frontales respectives desdits éléments de construction.It is also possible to assemble frontally two building elements according to the invention by arranging them parallel to each other, for example in the case of a wall doubling, by fitting the additional projecting assembly means added on top of one another. one of the front walls of a construction element, in the complementary additional recessed assembly means that have been added in the front wall of the other construction element facing it, said assembly means additional ones having been arranged at the locations marked on the respective end walls of said building elements.

L'assemblage des éléments de construction selon l'invention peut se faire verticalement mais aussi à plat ou selon une pente donnée. Les éléments de construction selon l'invention peuvent être utilisés pour réaliser divers types de construction tels que murs, planchers, plafonds, dessous de toiture. En effet les éléments de construction selon l'invention peuvent être assemblés à plat pour former un plancher ou un plafond ou selon une pente donnée pour former une surface pentue, lesdits éléments étant en appui directement sur le sol à recouvrir ou sur d'autres supports comme des chevrons ou poutres pour soutenir leur assemblage.The assembly of the building elements according to the invention can be done vertically but also flat or according to a given slope. The building elements according to the invention can be used to realize various types of construction such as walls, floors, ceilings, undersides of roofing. Indeed the building elements according to the invention can be assembled flat to form a floor or ceiling or according to a given slope to form a sloping surface, said elements being in abutment directly on the floor to be covered or on other supports like rafters or beams to support their assembly.

L'élément de construction selon l'invention peut donc facilement s'assembler par toutes ses faces externes à d'autres éléments de constructions similaires, une fois tous les moyens d'assemblage de type mâle-femelle nécessaires disposés aux bons emplacements, pour construire une première rangée puis lui adjoindre une nouvelle rangée et ainsi de suite.The construction element according to the invention can therefore easily be assembled by all its external faces to other elements of similar constructions, once all the necessary male-female type assembly means arranged at the right locations, to construct a first row and then add a new row and so on.

L'élément de construction est également conçu de préférence de manière à ce qu'il ait des dimensions externes (épaisseur, hauteur, longueur) qui soient proportionnelles entre elles de manière à pouvoir facilement positionner les moyens d'assemblage pour réaliser son assemblage par emboîtement avec d'autres éléments similaires. De préférence selon l'invention, chaque face frontale externe de l'élément de construction est de forme carrée et les faces latérales externes sont de forme rectangulaire d'une largeur égale à environ la moitié de la dimension d'un côté du carré desdites faces frontales.The construction element is also preferably designed so that it has external dimensions (thickness, height, length) that are proportional to each other so as to be able to easily position the assembly means to achieve its assembly by interlocking. with other similar elements. Preferably according to the invention, each external front face of the building element is of square shape and the external lateral faces are of rectangular shape with a width equal to about half the size of one side of the square of said faces. front.

Comme décrit plus loin, selon un mode de réalisation particulier avantageux de l'invention, chaque paroi frontale forme un carré de 60 cm de côté, et les moyens d'assemblage pour chaque face latérale sont positionnés avec un entraxe de 15 cm. Les moyens de repérages sur les faces frontales sont aussi disposés avec ce même entraxe basique de 15 cm.As described below, according to a particular advantageous embodiment of the invention, each front wall forms a square of 60 cm side, and the assembly means for each side face are positioned with a spacing of 15 cm. The locating means on the front faces are also arranged with the same basic distance of 15 cm.

De manière générale, cet élément de construction est de préférence conçu de manière à ce que ses faces aient des dimensions multiples de l'entraxe basique des moyens d'assemblage portés par les parois latérales.In general, this construction element is preferably designed so that its faces have multiple dimensions of the basic spacing of the assembly means carried by the side walls.

Selon l'invention, les moyens d'assemblage en saillie peuvent être amovibles ou non. Ce choix peut notamment dépendre de la manière dont ledit élément de construction est fabriqué. Par exemple les tenons formant les moyens d'assemblage en saillie peuvent se présenter sous forme de plots ou de disques qui sont vissés ou cloués sur les parois de l'élément de construction, ou encore sous forme de plots moulés avec le bloc lui-même qui constitue alors un monobloc. Ces moyens d'assemblage en saillie peuvent être clipables pour être emboîtés à force dans les moyens d'assemblage complémentaires en creux.According to the invention, the projecting assembly means can be removable or not. This choice may in particular depend on the way in which said construction element is manufactured. For example the pins forming the projecting assembly means may be in the form of pads or discs which are screwed or nailed to the walls of the construction element, or in the form of studs molded with the block itself. which then constitutes a monoblock. These projecting assembly means can be clipable to be nested by force in the complementary assembly means recessed.

Avantageusement selon un mode préféré de réalisation de l'invention, l'élément de construction comportent des moyens d'assemblage en creux se présentant sous forme d'évidements de forme oblongue. Selon un mode de réalisation particulier de l'invention, seules les creusures d'une seule des parois latérales sont de forme oblongue. De préférence ce sont les moyens d'assemblage en creux de la paroi principale de montage des éléments qui sont de forme oblongue. La paroi principale de montage est celle qui vient en premier s'emboiter sur les tenons de la paroi d'un élément de construction déjà en place, par exemple la paroi inférieure dans le cas d'éléments de construction s'emboîtant par superposition sur la face supérieure de l'autre élément. En effet, dans une rangée en construction, la forme oblongue des creusures permet de positionner cette paroi de montage de l'élément à poser avec un petit décalage contre la face d'un élément adjacent déjà en place dans une rangée déjà constituée et adjacente à celle en construction, puis de faire glisser ledit élément à poser jusqu'à emboiter les moyens d'assemblage de la face contiguë à ladite paroi principale de montage dudit élément à poser dans les moyens d'assemblage complémentaires de la paroi latérale d'un élément adjacent déjà en place de ladite rangée en construction.Advantageously according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the construction element comprises recessed assembly means in the form of oblong recesses. According to a particular embodiment of the invention, only the recesses of only one of the side walls are of oblong shape. Preferably it is the assembly means in the hollow of the main wall assembly of the elements which are oblong. The main mounting wall is the one that comes first to fit on the tenons of the wall of a building element already in place, for example the bottom wall in the case of building elements fitting by superimposition on the upper face of the other element. Indeed, in a row under construction, the oblong shape of the recesses allows to position this mounting wall of the element to be posed with a small offset against the face of an adjacent element already in place in a row already formed and adjacent to the one under construction, then to slide said element to be laid down to fit the assembly means of the face contiguous to said main wall mounting said element to be installed in the complementary assembly means of the side wall of an element adjacent already in place of said row under construction.

Avantageusement selon l'invention, l'élément de construction comprend en outre un conduit interne pour le passage d'éléments allongés (filiformes ou tubulaires) utiles pour les distributions électrique, hydraulique, aéraulique, du gaz ou autre dans les constructions, tels que des fils électriques, câbles, gaines ou canalisations. Les extrémités de ce conduit interne débouchent dans des orifices percés dans les parois latérales dudit élément. Ce conduit se présente de préférence sous forme d'une croix, faite de deux branches qui se croisent perpendiculairement, et qui de préférence communiquent en leur intersection. Chacune des branches de la croix va d'une paroi latérale à la paroi latérale opposée, pour déboucher de part et d'autre dans un orifice (trou traversant) réalisé dans chacune desdites parois latérales de l'élément de construction.Advantageously according to the invention, the construction element further comprises an internal conduit for the passage of elongated elements (filiform or tubular) useful for electrical, hydraulic, aeraulic, gas or other distributions in the constructions, such as electric wires, cables, ducts or pipes. The ends of this inner duct open into orifices pierced in the side walls of said element. This duct is preferably in the form of a cross, made of two branches which intersect perpendicularly, and which preferably communicate at their intersection. Each of the branches of the cross goes from one side wall to the opposite side wall, to open on both sides in a hole (through hole) made in each of said side walls of the building element.

Avantageusement ces orifices livrant passage auxdits éléments allongés (fils électriques, câbles, gaines ou canalisations) à insérer dans le conduit interne de l'élément de construction, forment des prises de manutention pour transporter facilement ledit élément de construction ou pour le manipuler lors de sa pose.Advantageously, these orifices giving passage to said elongated elements (electrical wires, cables, sheaths or ducts) to be inserted into the internal conduit of the construction element, form handling jacks for easily transporting said element of construction or for handling it during its pose.

Selon un cas particulier de l'invention, ce conduit interne en croix se présente sous forme d'une pièce tubulaire creuse, qui est disposée contre la face interne d'une des parois, de préférence d'une des parois frontales, de l'élément de construction. Avantageusement cette paroi frontale est la paroi orientée vers l'intérieur de la pièce ou du bâtiment en construction, notamment pour avoir un accès facile et une bonne isolation thermique des éléments allongés qui passeront dans ce conduit.According to a particular case of the invention, this cross-shaped internal duct is in the form of a hollow tubular piece, which is arranged against the internal face of one of the walls, preferably one of the front walls, of the building element. Advantageously, this front wall is the wall oriented towards the interior of the part or building under construction, in particular to have easy access and good thermal insulation of the elongated elements which will pass in this conduit.

L'élément de construction est avantageusement isolant, et à cette fin il est empli d'un matériau isolant. Ce matériau isolant peut être en particulier choisi parmi la mousse de polyuréthane, la laine de bois, l'ouate de cellulose. Tout autre matériau isolant peut également convenir selon le niveau d'isolation voulu.The building element is advantageously insulating, and for this purpose it is filled with an insulating material. This insulating material may be in particular chosen from polyurethane foam, wood wool, cellulose wadding. Any other insulating material may also be suitable depending on the level of insulation required.

Pour assurer une étanchéité à l'air, on peut prévoir en outre par exemple que les parois des éléments de construction comportent des chants bouvetés permettant une jonction chant à chant par bouvetage (assemblage d'une languette dans une rainure) des parois d'éléments de construction adjacents.To ensure an airtightness, provision may furthermore be made, for example, for the walls of the construction elements to have grooved edges allowing a tongue-and-groove edge joint (assembly of a tongue in a groove) of the element walls. adjacent buildings.

Selon un cas particulier avantageux de l'invention, pour assurer l'étanchéité à l'air, l'élément de construction est réalisé en outre de manière à ce que ses parois frontales, avant et arrière, soient décalées par rapport au bord de ses parois latérales de manière à créer un épaulement en débord desdites parois latérales par rapport à deux parois latérales contigües et un épaulement en retrait desdites parois frontales par rapport aux deux autres parois latérales contigües, lesdits épaulements ayant la même largeur de manière à ce qu'en plus de l'emboîtement des moyens d'assemblage en saillie d'un élément de construction dans ceux en creux d'un autre élément, la partie définie par les épaulements en retrait de l'un des éléments vienne s'emboîter dans la partie définie par les épaulements en débord de l'autre élément.According to an advantageous particular case of the invention, to ensure airtightness, the construction element is furthermore made so that its front walls, front and rear, are offset with respect to the edge of its walls. side walls so as to create a shoulder protruding from said side walls with respect to two contiguous side walls and a shoulder recessed from said front walls with respect to the other two adjacent side walls, said shoulders having the same width so that in more than the interlocking of the assembly means projecting from one element of construction into those in hollow of another element, the part defined by the shoulders set back from one of the elements comes to fit into the defined part by the shoulders above the other element.

Selon un mode particulier de réalisation de l'invention, l'élément de construction comporte des parois qui sont chacune formée par une plaque découpée dans un matériau qui peut être du bois brut ou de préférence un aggloméré de particules de bois, en particulier un aggloméré appelé "OSB" (Oriented Strand Board) formé de copeaux à grandes particules orientées qui est connu en soi dans le métier de la construction bois. Les plaques sont assemblées les unes aux autres pour former un bloc de forme parallélépipédique.According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the construction element comprises walls which are each formed by a plate cut from a material which may be raw wood or preferably an agglomerate of wood particles, in particular an agglomerate called "OSB" (Oriented Strand Board) formed of oriented large particle chips which is known per se in the trade of wood construction. The plates are assembled to each other to form a block of parallelepiped shape.

Selon un autre cas particulier de l'invention, les parois dudit élément de construction sont des plaques à base d'une matière polymère synthétique, par exemple à base de poly(chlorure de vinyle), de polystyrène ou de polyuréthane.According to another particular case of the invention, the walls of said building element are plates based on a synthetic polymer material, for example based on poly (vinyl chloride), polystyrene or polyurethane.

De préférence selon l'invention, quelle que soit la nature du matériau, lesdites plaques ont toutes la même épaisseur.Preferably according to the invention, whatever the nature of the material, said plates all have the same thickness.

Dans le cas particulier où ont été créés des épaulements en débord et en retrait pour améliorer l'étanchéité de la construction réalisée avec lesdits éléments de construction, avantageusement ces épaulements sont réalisés en décalant les parois frontales d'une distance sensiblement inférieure ou égale à l'épaisseur des plaques utilisées pour fabriquer ledit élément de construction, notamment de l'épaisseur des plaques latérales, préférentiellement lesdites plaques composant les parois dudit élément ayant toutes la même épaisseur.In the particular case where shoulders have been created in overhang and recessed to improve the tightness of the construction made with said building elements, advantageously these shoulders are made by shifting the front walls by a distance substantially less than or equal to thickness of the plates used to manufacture said construction element, in particular the thickness of the side plates, preferably said plates making up the walls of said element having all the same thickness.

Alternativement l'élément de construction se présente sous forme d'un monobloc, moulé dans une matière polymère, ou à base de mortier, pouvant le cas échéant inclure des charges minérales ou organiques, selon le choix des matériaux. Dans ce cas particulier, le conduit interne, en particulier sous forme d'une croix, peut être réalisé à l'intérieur du bloc, par moulage dans la matière constituant l'élément de construction. Dans le cas particulier de blocs avec épaulements, ces épaulements sont réalisés lors du moulage.Alternatively the building element is in the form of a monoblock, molded in a polymeric material, or mortar-based, which may optionally include mineral or organic fillers, depending on the choice of materials. In this particular case, the inner conduit, in particular in the form of a cross, can be made inside the block, by molding in the material constituting the construction element. In the particular case of blocks with shoulders, these shoulders are made during molding.

Quel que soit le mode de fabrication de l'élément de construction selon l'invention, les matériaux utilisés peuvent être issus de matières recyclées.Whatever the method of manufacture of the building element according to the invention, the materials used may be from recycled materials.

L'assemblage des éléments de construction selon l'invention est conçu de manière à ce qu'aucune matière de jonction, telle qu'un ciment, soit nécessaire à insérer entre chaque élément, les éléments étant tenus les uns aux autres de manière suffisante en soi, grâce à leur système d'assemblage.The assembly of the building elements according to the invention is designed in such a way that no joining material, such as a cement, is necessary to be inserted between each element, the elements being held together sufficiently in self, thanks to their assembly system.

Un élément de construction selon l'invention peut servir plusieurs fois si on le souhaite. On peut en effet facilement démonter un mur ou toute autre construction constitués d'éléments de construction selon l'invention et réutiliser ces éléments pour une nouvelle construction.A building element according to the invention can be used several times if desired. It is indeed possible to easily dismount a wall or any other construction consisting of building elements according to the invention and reuse these elements for a new construction.

L'invention sera maintenant plus complètement décrite dans le cadre de caractéristiques préférées et de leurs avantages, selon des exemples préférés non limitatifs, en faisant référence aux figures 1 à 7 dans lesquelles :

  • la figure 1 représente un élément de construction vu en perspective de trois-quarts depuis une de ses faces latérales (face de dessus) et l'une de ses faces frontales (face avant) ;
  • la figure 2 représente l'élément de construction de la figure 1 retourné, vu en perspective de trois-quarts depuis la face latérale opposée (face de dessous) et de son autre face frontale (face arrière) ;
  • la figure 3 représente l'élément de construction des figures précédentes en vue de dessous ;
  • la figure 4 représente l'élément de construction des figures précédentes vu depuis sa face frontale arrière ;
  • la figure 5 est une vue schématique, en éclaté, d'un assemblage de trois éléments de construction selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 6 est une vue schématique, en éclaté, d'un assemblage avec changement de direction de deux éléments de construction selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 7 est une vue schématique, en éclaté, d'un assemblage de deux éléments de construction avec épaulements selon une variante de l'invention.
The invention will now be more fully described in the context of preferred features and their advantages, according to preferred non-limiting examples, with reference to Figures 1 to 7 in which :
  • the figure 1 represents a construction element viewed in three-quarter perspective from one of its lateral faces (top face) and one of its end faces (front face);
  • the figure 2 represents the building element of the figure 1 returned, seen in perspective of three-quarters from the opposite side face (bottom face) and its other front face (back side);
  • the figure 3 represents the construction element of the preceding figures in a view from below;
  • the figure 4 represents the construction element of the preceding figures seen from its rear end face;
  • the figure 5 is a diagrammatic view, exploded, of an assembly of three building elements according to the invention;
  • the figure 6 is a diagrammatic view, exploded, of an assembly with change of direction of two building elements according to the invention;
  • the figure 7 is a diagrammatic view, exploded, of an assembly of two structural elements with shoulders according to a variant of the invention.

L'élément de construction B selon l'invention représenté sur les figures 1 à 4 a une forme parallélépipédique. Il comporte six parois parallèles entre elles deux à deux : quatre parois latérales successives 1, 2, 3, 4 parallèles et opposées deux à deux qui forment le pourtour dudit élément, et deux parois frontales opposées 5,6 également parallèles entre elles disposées autour de ce pourtour.The construction element B according to the invention shown in Figures 1 to 4 has a parallelepipedic shape. It comprises six walls parallel to each other in pairs: four successive lateral walls 1, 2, 3, 4 parallel and opposite in pairs which form the periphery of said element, and two opposite end walls 5, 6 also parallel to each other arranged around this circumference.

Cet exemple particulier va être décrit dans le cadre d'un élément de construction utilisé pour monter un mur par superposition de rangées de ce type d'éléments, pour la compréhension de son utilisation selon les figures 5 et 6, sans en être limitative.This particular example will be described as part of a construction element used to mount a wall by superposition of rows of this type of elements, for the understanding of its use according to the figures 5 and 6 , without being limiting.

Cet élément forme ainsi un bloc de construction comportant une paroi latérale 1 correspondant à sa paroi supérieure, une paroi latérale opposée 2 correspondant à sa paroi inférieure, deux autres parois latérales opposées 3 et 4 formant les flancs opposés gauche et droit dudit élément, et deux parois frontales opposées 5, 6 formant une paroi frontale arrière 5 et une paroi frontale avant 6.This element thus forms a building block comprising a side wall 1 corresponding to its upper wall, an opposite side wall 2 corresponding to its bottom wall, two other opposite side walls 3 and 4 forming the opposite left and right sides of said element, and two opposite end walls 5, 6 forming a rear end wall 5 and a front end wall 6.

Le bloc de construction selon cet exemple comporte, sur ses quatre parois latérales, des moyens d'assemblage complémentaires de type tenons- mortaises.The building block according to this example comprises, on its four side walls, complementary assembly means of tenons-mortise type.

Les deux faces frontales selon cet exemple préféré sont de forme carrée et les quatre faces latérales sont rectangulaires. L'épaisseur E de l'élément de construction B est environ moitié moindre que la longueur L ou la hauteur H dudit élément correspondant à la dimension du côté de la dite forme carrée des parois frontales. Les dimensions de cet élément sont choisies avantageusement de manière à être multiples les unes des autres.The two end faces according to this preferred example are square in shape and the four lateral faces are rectangular. The thickness E of the building element B is about half of the length L or the height H of said element corresponding to the dimension of the side of said square shape of the front walls. The dimensions of this element are chosen advantageously so as to be multiple of each other.

Selon l'exemple en figures 3 et 4, la longueur L et la hauteur H du bloc font 60 cm en conformité avec les dimensions du carré que forment chacune des faces frontales, et son épaisseur E correspondant à la largeur des faces latérales fait la moitié soit 30 cm. Les dimensions du bloc de construction B décrit selon cet exemple sont donc des multiples de 15 cm. Ce choix de dimensions des blocs est adapté à la construction de murs selon des dimensions usuelles des maisons. Par exemple grâce à quatre rangées superposées de blocs de 60 cm de haut comme décrits et d'une panne de 10 cm, on obtient un mur d'une hauteur de 2,50 m, dimension classique d'un mur intérieur de maison.According to the example in Figures 3 and 4 , the length L and the height H of the block are 60 cm in accordance with the dimensions of the square that form each of the end faces, and its thickness E corresponding to the width of the side faces is half that is 30 cm. The dimensions of the building block B described according to this example are therefore multiples of 15 cm. This choice of dimensions of the blocks is adapted to the construction of walls according to usual dimensions of the houses. For example, with four superimposed rows of blocks 60 cm high as described and a failure of 10 cm, we obtain a wall with a height of 2.50 m, the classic size of a house interior wall.

Les tenons T apparaissant en saillie et les mortaises M, M' apparaissant en creux sont disposés également sur les faces latérales selon ces critères dimensionnels, avec un entraxe de 15 cm pour une face donnée. Cet entraxe basique des moyens d'assemblage est le même pour tous. A cet effet, l'élément de construction comporte un quadrillage de lignes droites imprimées sur ses faces. L'intersection de deux lignes perpendiculaires définit le repère de positionnement de réception ou d'aménagement des moyens d'assemblage nécessaires. L'espacement entre deux lignes parallèles voisines correspond à l'entraxe basique desdits moyens d'assemblage. Les lignes du quadrillage sont disposées de manière à former des carrés selon cet exemple, de 15 cm sur 15 cm, sur chacune des faces externes dudit bloc. On peut placer ainsi les moyens d'assemblage en creux ou en saillie à l'intersection de deux lignes, ce qui permet d'avoir toujours les moyens d'assemblage en correspondance avec les moyens d'assemblage complémentaires qui lui feront face et qui seront portés par une paroi de l'élément de construction adjacent à assembler.The tenons T appearing projecting and mortises M, M 'appearing hollow are also arranged on the lateral faces according to these dimensional criteria, with a spacing of 15 cm for a given face. This basic spacing of the assembly means is the same for all. For this purpose, the construction element has a grid of straight lines printed on its faces. The intersection of two perpendicular lines defines the positioning mark of reception or arrangement of assembly means necessary. The spacing between two parallel parallel lines corresponds to the basic spacing of said assembly means. The grid lines are arranged so as to form squares according to this example, 15 cm by 15 cm, on each of the outer faces of said block. It is thus possible to place the hollow or projecting assembly means at the intersection of two lines, which makes it possible to always have the assembly means in correspondence with the complementary assembly means which will face it and which will be carried by a wall of the adjacent building element to be assembled.

Sur chacune de ses faces frontales l'élément de construction B comprend notamment une impression d'un quadrillage 8 formé d'un premier réseau de lignes parallèles 850, 851, 852 et d'un second réseau de lignes parallèles 853, 854, 855 perpendiculaire audit premier réseau, créant ainsi des carrés 80 (voir figure 4). A l'intersection de chacune de ces lignes et centré en ce point, se trouve un moyen de repérage 81 de l'emplacement où creuser une mortaise ou le cas échéant où apposer un tenon selon la nécessité de la construction. Ces moyens de repérage 81 des emplacements d'aménagements de mortaises ou de réception de tenons supplémentaires en faces frontales peuvent avoir la forme de la mortaise ou du tenon, ou être simplement représentés chacun par un cercle indicatif de l'emplacement. Ces mortaises ou tenons supplémentaires seront notamment respectivement creusées ou apposés lors des constructions de murs avec changement de direction dans l'assemblage comme cela va être expliqué pour la figure 6, ou dans le cas de doublage de rangées de blocs de construction.On each of its front faces the building element B comprises in particular an impression of a grid 8 formed of a first network of parallel lines 850, 851, 852 and a second network of parallel lines 853, 854, 855 perpendicular first network, creating 80 squares (see figure 4 ). At the intersection of each of these lines and centered at this point, is a locating means 81 of the location where to dig a mortise or where appropriate to affix a post according to the need of the construction. These locating means 81 slots mortises or receiving additional tenons on the end faces may have the shape of the mortise or tenon, or simply be each represented by a circle indicative of the location. These mortises or additional tenons will be respectively respectively hollowed or affixed during the construction of walls with change of direction in the assembly as will be explained for the figure 6 , or in the case of doubling rows of building blocks.

L'élément de construction B selon l'exemple représenté sur les figures 1 à 4 comprend ainsi trois tenons T, apparaissant en saillie, alignés et centrés sur la face externe supérieure dudit élément. Selon cet exemple, ces tenons sont des disques ayant chacun une épaisseur d'environ 15 à 20 mm. Ils sont disposés avec un entraxe de 15 cm sur ladite face externe supérieure, aux intersections des lignes du quadrillage. Le bloc B comprend également des tenons T sur la face externe latérale contiguë à la face supérieure (formant le flanc droit dudit bloc), qui sont des disques identiques et disposés de manière similaire à ceux qui viennent d'être décrits pour la face supérieure.The construction element B according to the example shown on the Figures 1 to 4 thus comprises three pins T, appearing in projection, aligned and centered on the upper external face of said element. According to this example, these tenons are discs each having a thickness of about 15 to 20 mm. They are arranged with a spacing of 15 cm on said upper outer face at the intersections of the grid lines. Block B also includes tenons T on the lateral external face contiguous to the upper face (forming the right side of said block), which are identical disks and arranged similarly to those just described for the upper face.

Le bloc B comprend également des mortaises M apparaissant en creux sur l'autre face latérale (formant le flanc gauche dudit bloc), comme représenté sur la figure 2, de forme circulaire, qui sont présentes de manière régulière, similairement à celle des tenons T, avec un entraxe de 15 cm selon l'exemple décrit. Ces évidements ont une profondeur de 15 à 20 mm dans la paroi du bloc, suivant la forme et la taille des tenons qui viendront s'emboîter dedans. Le bloc B comprend par ailleurs des mortaises M' apparaissant en creux et de forme oblongue sur la face inférieure contiguë audit flanc gauche 3, comme représenté sur la figure 3, et qui sont présentes de manière régulière avec un entraxe de 15 cm similairement à celle des mortaises M de la paroi latérale contiguë (flanc gauche) représenté en figure 2. La forme oblongue des mortaises dans la paroi inférieure 2 permet d'assembler aisément des blocs de construction rangée par rangée. Par exemple les mortaises oblongues de la face inférieure d'un bloc à poser dans une rangée en cours sont posées par-dessus les tenons de la face supérieure du bloc adjacent de la rangée du dessous, puis on pousse ledit bloc à poser en faisant glisser les mortaises oblongues suivant ces tenons jusqu'à emboîter les mortaises du flanc dudit bloc à poser dans les tenons du flanc du bloc adjacent à sa gauche déjà posé dans ladite rangée en cours.Block B also includes mortices M appearing hollow on the other side face (forming the left side of said block), as shown in FIG. figure 2 , of circular shape, which are present in a regular manner, similarly to that of the tenons T, with a spacing of 15 cm according to the example described. These recesses have a depth of 15 to 20 mm in the wall of the block, depending on the shape and size of the tenons that will fit into it. Block B furthermore comprises mortises M 'appearing hollow and of oblong shape on the lower face contiguous to said left flank 3, as shown in FIG. figure 3 , and which are present in a regular manner with a spacing of 15 cm similar to that of the mortises M of the contiguous side wall (left flank) represented in figure 2 . The oblong shape of the mortises in the bottom wall 2 makes it easy to assemble building blocks row by row. For example, the oblong mortises on the lower face of a block to be laid in a row in progress are placed over the tenons of the upper face of the adjacent block of the row below, then pushing said block to pose by dragging the oblong mortises according to these tenons to fit the mortises of the flank of said block to be placed in the tenons of the flank of the block adjacent to its left already laid in said current row.

Les tenons peuvent être des disques qui sont fixés par des vis ou des pointes par exemple, selon qu'on veut ou non rendre ces disques amovibles. Les mortaises sont faites par évidements dans la paroi des plaques, les évidements pouvant être traversants selon l'épaisseur de la plaque et la profondeur voulue. Les moyens de repérage 81 des emplacements d'aménagements de mortaises ou d réception de tenons supplémentaires des parois frontales selon l'exemple présentent une forme circulaire comme celle des mortaises ou tenons dudit exemple.The tenons can be disks that are fixed by screws or spikes for example, depending on whether or not these removable disks. The mortises are made by recesses in the wall of the plates, the recesses may be through depending on the thickness of the plate and the desired depth. The locating means 81 of the mortise or reception locations of additional tenons of the front walls according to the example have a circular shape such as the mortises or tenons of said example.

Sur les figures 1 à 4 est également représenté un conduit interne 7, au sein du bloc de construction B, qui se présente sous la forme d'une croix centrée et accolée sur la face interne selon cet exemple de la paroi frontale avant 6 dudit bloc. Cette croix est faite de deux branches creuses qui se croisent perpendiculairement en s'interconnectant intérieurement. La branche verticale de la croix s'étend de la paroi latérale supérieure 1 à la paroi latérale opposée 2 (paroi inférieure) du bloc B, et la branche perpendiculaire s'étend transversalement, de la paroi latérale formant un des flancs 3 à la paroi latérale opposée 4 formant l'autre flanc du bloc. Ce conduit interne 7 en forme de croix débouche dans des orifices 10, 20, 30, 40 percés respectivement dans chacune des parois latérales 1, 2, 3, 4 dudit élément. Ces orifices permettent l'insertion d'éléments allongés (filiformes ou tubulaires), tels que des fils électriques, des câbles, des gaines ou canalisations divers utiles à la construction du bâtiment considéré, dans ledit conduit interne 7 en forme de croix. Ces orifices 10, 20, 30, 40 dans les parois constituent également avantageusement une prise facilitant la manutention dudit élément de construction.On the Figures 1 to 4 is also shown an inner conduit 7, within the building block B, which is in the form of a centered and contiguous cross on the inner face according to this example of the front end wall 6 of said block. This cross is made of two hollow branches that intersect perpendicularly interconnecting internally. The vertical branch of the cross extends from the upper side wall 1 to the opposite side wall 2 (bottom wall) of the block B, and the perpendicular branch extends transversely, from the side wall forming one of the sidewalls 3 to the wall opposite side 4 forming the other side of the block. This inner conduit 7 in the form of a cross opens into orifices 10, 20, 30, 40 respectively pierced in each of the side walls 1, 2, 3, 4 of said element. These orifices allow the insertion of elongated elements (filiform or tubular), such as electrical son, cables, sheaths or pipes various useful for the construction of the building in question, in said internal conduit 7 cross-shaped. These orifices 10, 20, 30, 40 in the walls also advantageously constitute a catch facilitating the handling of said construction element.

Le conduit interne en croix 7 est de préférence une pièce à part entière, se présentant sous forme d'un tube creux et en forme de croix. Cette pièce interne 7 est disposée contre la face interne d'une des parois, en particulier d'une des parois frontales de l'élément de construction, par exemple avant de fermer le parallélépipède formant ledit élément. Les angles à l'intersection des branches de ladite croix sont de préférence arrondis pour faciliter le passage desdits éléments allongés.The internal cross duct 7 is preferably a separate piece, in the form of a hollow tube and in the form of a cross. This inner part 7 is disposed against the inner face of one of the walls, in particular one of the front walls of the construction element, for example before closing the parallelepiped forming said element. The angles at the intersection of the branches of said cross are preferably rounded to facilitate the passage of said elongated elements.

Selon cet exemple particulier, l'élément de construction B est réalisé par assemblage de plaques d'aggloméré de particules de bois appelé "OSB", découpées aux dimensions voulues, et qui ont été imprimées d'un quadrillage de lignes, et de cercles à l'intersection desdites lignes, pour apparaître sur les faces externes des parois dudit bloc, permettant de positionner aux bons endroits les différents moyens d'assemblage que sont les tenons et les mortaises.According to this particular example, the construction element B is made by assembling chipboard of wood particles called "OSB", cut to the desired dimensions, and which have been printed with a grid of lines, and circles to the intersection of said lines, to appear on the outer faces of the walls of said block, to position in the right places the various assembly means that are the tenons and mortises.

L'élément de construction est avantageusement empli d'un matériau isolant avant d'être fermé pour former un caisson, notamment pour atteindre le niveau d'isolation requis selon les normes de construction. Alternativement le caisson étant fermé, le matériau d'isolation peut être injecté à travers les mortaises dans le cas où elles forment des lumières dans ledit caisson.The building element is advantageously filled with an insulating material before being closed to form a box, in particular to achieve the level of insulation required by building standards. Alternatively the box being closed, the insulation material can be injected through the mortises in the case where they form lights in said box.

Pour des dimensions de blocs selon l'exemple présenté, la résistance mécanique dudit bloc est suffisante pour supporter un poids, notamment le poids d'une personne.For block dimensions according to the example presented, the mechanical strength of said block is sufficient to support a weight, including the weight of a person.

La figure 5 représente schématiquement, en éclaté, un assemblage coplanaire de blocs de construction selon l'invention tel que l'élément de construction B qui vient d'être décrit aux figures 1 à 4, les blocs assemblés étant ici référencés B1, B2 et B3. Le bloc B2 vient s'assembler latéralement sur la droite du bloc B1 en emboîtant les tenons T14 d'un flanc du bloc B1 aux mortaises M23 correspondantes du flanc du bloc B2 qui lui est adjacent.The figure 5 schematically shows, exploded, a coplanar assembly of building blocks according to the invention such as the construction element B which has just been described in Figures 1 to 4 , the assembled blocks here being referenced B1, B2 and B3. The block B2 is assembled laterally on the right of the block B1 by fitting the tenons T14 of a flank of the block B1 corresponding mortises M23 flank block B2 adjacent thereto.

Les conduits internes 17 et 27 pour le passage de canalisations, gaines, câbles ou fils électriques dans les éléments de construction respectivement B1 et B2 viennent également en correspondance, à travers les orifices percés dans les parois adjacentes des blocs où ils débouchent, de manière à former un conduit interne horizontal selon l'exemple, tout le long du mur à construire.The internal ducts 17 and 27 for the passage of ducts, ducts, cables or electrical wires in the building elements respectively B1 and B2 also correspond, through the orifices pierced in the adjacent walls of the blocks where they open, so as to form a horizontal internal duct according to the example, all along the wall to build.

Par ailleurs, le bloc B3 vient s'assembler par superposition sur le bloc B1, par emboîtement des tenons T11 de la paroi supérieure du bloc B1 dans les mortaises de forme oblongue M'32 de la paroi latérale inférieure du bloc B3, le conduit interne 37 de B3 venant également en correspondance avec le conduit interne 17 du bloc B1 , de manière à former un conduit vertical selon l'exemple, sur toute la hauteur du mur à construire.Furthermore, the block B3 is assembled by superposition on the block B1, by interlocking the tenons T11 of the upper wall of the block B1 in the oblong slot M'32 of the lower side wall of the block B3, the inner conduit 37 of B3 also corresponding to the inner conduit 17 of the block B1, so as to form a vertical duct according to the example, over the entire height of the wall to be built.

Les blocs B1, B2, B3 sont donc à la fois correctement positionnés les uns par rapport aux autres et également tenus les uns aux autres par emboîtement. On peut ainsi, selon l'exemple, former des rangées d'éléments de construction les unes au-dessus des autres pour élever un mur dans les sens longitudinal (horizontal) et vertical.Blocks B1, B2, B3 are therefore both properly positioned relative to each other and also held to each other by interlocking. It is thus possible, according to the example, to form rows of building elements one above others to raise a wall in the longitudinal (horizontal) and vertical directions.

Comme expliqué précédemment on assemble de préférence une première rangée de blocs, de gauche à droite, puis on assemble une autre rangée de gauche à droite, et on répète l'opération jusqu'à obtenir l'ensemble de blocs souhaité.As previously explained, a first row of blocks is preferably assembled, from left to right, then another row from left to right is assembled, and the operation is repeated until the desired set of blocks is obtained.

Sur la figure 6 est représenté schématiquement un assemblage de deux éléments de construction selon l'invention dans le cas où il y a un changement de direction de l'assemblage desdits éléments, c'est-à-dire lorsque l'on dispose ces éléments perpendiculairement l'un par rapport à l'autre pour assembler la face latérale de l'un avec la face frontale de l'autre. Selon l'exemple représenté, le bloc B4 est disposé perpendiculairement au bloc B5. Préalablement à l'assemblage desdits blocs, la paroi frontale 46 du bloc B4 a été munie de tenons supplémentaires T46, disposés à des emplacements repérés selon des cercles comme le cercle 81 représenté sur le bloc B des figures 1 à 4 qui avait été tracé aux intersections des lignes du quadrillage 8. Chacun des tenons supplémentaires T46 est ainsi disposé au bon endroit pour être en correspondance avec les mortaises M53 qui apparaissent en creux sur la face externe de la paroi latérale 53 formant l'un des flancs du bloc de construction B5.On the figure 6 is schematically represented an assembly of two building elements according to the invention in the case where there is a change of direction of the assembly of said elements, that is to say when these elements are arranged perpendicularly one of relative to each other to assemble the side face of one with the front face of the other. According to the example shown, the block B4 is arranged perpendicular to the block B5. Prior to the assembly of said blocks, the front wall 46 of the block B4 has been provided with additional tenons T46, arranged at locations marked in circles such as the circle 81 shown on the block B of FIGS. Figures 1 to 4 which was drawn at the intersections of the grid lines 8. Each of the additional tenons T46 is thus disposed at the right place to be in correspondence with the mortises M53 which appear hollow on the outer face of the side wall 53 forming one of the flanks of the B5 building block.

La figure 7 représente schématiquement, en éclaté, un assemblage coplanaire de deux blocs de construction selon une variante de l'invention dans le cas où on veut améliorer l'étanchéité à l'air de la jonction entre deux blocs de manière à améliorer les performances énergétiques de la construction. Selon cet exemple on assemble par emboîtement latéral deux blocs identiques B'1 et B'2 dont les parois frontales ont été décalées par rapport aux bords des parois latérales pour former des épaulements.The figure 7 schematically shows, exploded, a coplanar assembly of two building blocks according to a variant of the invention in the case where it is desired to improve the airtightness of the junction between two blocks so as to improve the energy performance of the construction. According to this example, two identical blocks B'1 and B'2 are assembled by lateral engagement, the front walls of which have been offset from the edges of the side walls to form shoulders.

En pratique dans le cas où les parois des deux blocs B'1 et B'2 sont formées chacune par une plaque, chaque plaque ayant la même épaisseur, les parois frontales avant 6' et arrière 5' de chacun des blocs sont décalées selon cet exemple vers le haut et la droite, c'est-à-dire à la fois vers la paroi supérieure 1' et la paroi latérale droite 4', de sorte à créer des épaulements en débord en haut 15' et 16' respectifs de la paroi supérieure et à droite 45' et 46' respectifs de la paroi latérale droite et par ailleurs des épaulements en retrait en bas 26' (celui en face arrière est peu visible sur la figure) respectifs de la paroi inférieure 2' et sur le côté gauche 35' et 36' respectifs de la paroi latérale gauche.In practice in the case where the walls of the two blocks B'1 and B'2 are each formed by a plate, each plate having the same thickness, the front walls 6 'and rear 5' of each of the blocks are shifted according to this example up and to the right, that is to say both to the upper wall 1 'and the side wall 4 ', so as to create the respective upstream protruding shoulders 15' and 16 'of the upper and right wall 45' and 46 'respectively of the right side wall and further of the recessed shoulders at the bottom 26' ( that on the rear face is not visible in the figure) respective of the lower wall 2 'and on the left side 35' and 36 'respectively of the left side wall.

La largeur des épaulements « e' » qui correspond à la distance de décalage des parois frontales par rapport aux bords des parois latérales est égale au plus à l'épaisseur d'une plaque formant les parois latérales, tout en veillant à ce que les tenons d'une paroi latérale puissent être convenablement emboîtés dans les mortaises d'une face latérale d'un autre élément à assembler.The width of the shoulders 'e' "which corresponds to the offset distance of the end walls from the edges of the side walls is at most equal to the thickness of a plate forming the side walls, while ensuring that the tenons a side wall can be suitably nested in the mortises of a side face of another element to be assembled.

Dans le cas particulier de cet exemple, les quadrillages de lignes 8' pour le repérage d'emplacements de réception de tenons ou d'aménagements de creusures en faces frontales desdits blocs sont décalés vers la gauche d'une distance « e' », correspondant à la largeur des épaulements, par rapport aux quadrillages 8 en parois frontales de blocs sans lesdits épaulements décrits aux figures 1 à 6, de manière à ce que ces quadrillages frontaux restent en continuité avec les quadrillages pouvant exister sur les faces latérales malgré les épaulements. L'entraxe des lignes est l'entraxe basique de 15 cm selon l'exemple ici décrit.In the particular case of this example, the grids of lines 8 'for locating locations for receiving tenons or arrangements of hollows on the front faces of said blocks are shifted to the left by a distance "e'", corresponding to the width of the shoulders, with respect to the grids 8 in the end walls of blocks without said shoulders described in FIGS. Figures 1 to 6 , so that these frontal grids remain in continuity with the grids that can exist on the lateral faces despite the shoulders. The distance between the lines is the basic spacing of 15 cm according to the example described here.

Le bloc de construction B'2 vient s'assembler latéralement sur la droite de l'autre bloc de construction B'1 en emboîtant les tenons T'14 d'un flanc du bloc B'1 dans les mortaises M'23 correspondantes du flanc du bloc B2 qui lui est adjacent, et en même temps la partie en saillie sur le flanc gauche du bloc B'2, créée par les épaulements en retrait sur le flanc gauche dudit bloc B'2, vient s'encastrer dans la partie creuse créée par les épaulements en débord sur le flanc droit de l'autre bloc B'1, ce qui permet d'améliorer l'étanchéité à l'air à la jonction des deux blocs.The building block B'2 comes to assemble laterally on the right of the other building block B'1 by fitting the tenons T'14 of a flank of the block B'1 in the corresponding mortises M'23 of the flank block B2 adjacent thereto, and at the same time the projecting portion on the left side of the block B'2, created by the recessed shoulders on the left side of said block B'2, is embedded in the hollow portion created by the shoulders overflowing on the right side of the other block B'1, which improves the airtightness at the junction of the two blocks.

De même, on comprend que l'emboîtement d'une face inférieure d'un bloc avec la face supérieure d'un autre bloc similaire crée une jonction dont l'étanchéité à l'air est améliorée grâce aux jonctions entre leurs épaulements respectifs en retrait et en débord.Similarly, it is understood that the engagement of a lower face of a block with the upper face of another similar block creates a junction whose airtightness is improved through the junctions between their respective shoulders recessed. and overflowing.

Il est ainsi aisé de mettre en oeuvre les éléments de construction selon l'invention, non seulement pour monter un simple mur droit, mais également pour élever des murs qui se croisent perpendiculairement.It is thus easy to implement the building elements according to the invention, not only for mounting a simple straight wall, but also for raising walls that intersect perpendicularly.

Selon un exemple de montage, les éléments de construction peuvent s'assembler les uns aux autres comme décrit mais à plat afin de constituer par exemple un sol. Les éléments à plats sont assemblés par emboîtage des éléments d'assemblage en saillie d'une paroi latérale aux éléments d'assemblage en creux d'une paroi latérale d'un autre élément qui lui est adjacent. De plus des éléments de construction peuvent être disposés perpendiculairement sur les faces frontales des éléments à plat afin de monter des murs par exemple. De même on peut réaliser un plafond en emboîtant les éléments de construction selon l'invention à plat, lesdits éléments reposant sur un support tel qu'un ensemble de poutres. On peut aussi réaliser une surface pentue comme une sous-toiture en montant des éléments de construction selon l'invention en rangées superposées et selon un angle d'inclinaison souhaité, en appui sur des supports.According to an exemplary mounting, the building elements can be assembled to each other as described but flat to form for example a floor. The flat elements are assembled by fitting the connecting elements projecting from a side wall to the recessed elements of a side wall of another element which is adjacent thereto. In addition, building elements can be arranged perpendicularly on the front faces of the flat elements in order to mount walls for example. Similarly, a ceiling can be made by fitting the construction elements according to the invention flat, said elements resting on a support such as a set of beams. It is also possible to produce a sloping surface such as a sub-roof by mounting building elements according to the invention in superimposed rows and at a desired angle of inclination, resting on supports.

Il ressort néanmoins de ce qui précède que l'invention n'est pas limitée aux modes de mise en oeuvre qui ont été spécifiquement décrits et représentés sur les figures. Tout mode de réalisation équivalent entre dans le cadre de l'invention, notamment les éléments de construction selon l'invention pourront être entièrement réalisés par moulage ou injection d'un matériau plastique tel qu'un polyuréthane, un poly(chlorure de vinyle) ou encore de polystyrène.Nevertheless, it follows from the foregoing that the invention is not limited to the embodiments that have been specifically described and shown in the figures. Any equivalent embodiment falls within the scope of the invention, in particular the building elements according to the invention may be entirely made by molding or injection of a plastic material such as polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride or still polystyrene.

L'élément de construction selon l'invention a été illustré avec des éléments d'assemblage en saillie sur sa paroi supérieure et l'une de ses parois latérales formant un premier flanc et des éléments d'assemblage en creux sur sa paroi inférieure et son autre paroi latérale formant un second flanc opposé au premier, car ce mode de réalisation correspond au mode de réalisation le plus pratique pour élever un mur, toutefois l'inverse, à savoir des éléments d'assemblage en creux présents sur sa paroi supérieure et l'une de ses parois latérales formant un premier flanc et des éléments d'assemblage en saillie présents sur sa paroi inférieure et son autre paroi latérale formant un second flanc opposé au premier peut être un mode de réalisation équivalent entrant dans le cadre de l'invention dans la mesure où des éléments d'assemblage d'un type donné, par exemple en saillie, sont présents sur deux premières parois latérales contiguës et des éléments d'assemblage complémentaires d'un type complémentaire, par exemple en creux, sont présents sur les deux autres parois latérales contiguës.The construction element according to the invention has been illustrated with connecting elements projecting from its upper wall and one of its side walls forming a first sidewall and recessed mounting elements on its bottom wall and its another side wall forming a second flank opposite the first, as this embodiment corresponds to the most practical embodiment for raising a wall, however the opposite, namely recessed assembly elements present on its upper wall and the one of its side walls forming a first flank and projecting connecting elements present on its bottom wall and its other side wall forming a second side opposite to the first one may be an equivalent embodiment within the scope of the invention insofar as the connecting elements of a given type, for example protruding, are present on two adjacent first side walls and complementary connecting elements of a complementary type, for example recessed, are present on the other two adjacent side walls.

La description qui précède explique clairement comment l'invention permet d'atteindre les objectifs qu'elle s'est fixés.The foregoing description clearly explains how the invention achieves the goals it has set for itself.

L'invention est avantageuse dans la mesure où l'élément de construction est très simple et rapide à mettre en oeuvre, à la portée d'une personne seule, et permet d'obtenir une construction suffisamment solide pour ne pas avoir à apporter un ciment à la jonction desdits éléments de construction. La construction, notamment dans le cas d'un mur, réalisée par emboîtement desdits éléments de construction entre eux pourra néanmoins avantageusement, une fois lesdits éléments assemblés, être consolidée dans sa structure par exemple par le parement à apposer sur la construction que supporteront lesdits éléments ou par l'ajout de plaques spécifiques prévues à cet effet, ou par tous autres moyens, qui pourront le cas échéant être ensuite recouverts d'un décor par exemple. On peut prévoir de recouvrir les éléments de construction d'un pare-pluie, notamment pour le côté extérieur d'un mur, avant d'apposer le parement final.The invention is advantageous insofar as the construction element is very simple and quick to implement, within the reach of a single person, and provides a solid enough construction not to have to provide a cement at the junction of said building elements. The construction, especially in the case of a wall, made by interlocking said building elements together may nevertheless advantageously, once said assembled elements, be consolidated in its structure for example by the facing to be affixed to the construction that will support said elements or by the addition of specific plates provided for this purpose, or by any other means, which may if necessary be subsequently covered with a decoration for example. It can be provided to cover the construction elements of a rain screen, especially for the outer side of a wall, before affixing the final siding.

Les éléments de construction selon l'invention permettent de construire facilement et rapidement des murs, sols, plafonds, sous-toiture de maison ou d'autre type de bâtiment, ou d'isoler un bâtiment. Ils peuvent être utilisés pour construire une annexe à un bâtiment ou créer une pièce même à l'intérieur d'un bâtiment existant, notamment d'un hangar ou d'un garage sans nécessité la réalisation d'une dalle en béton au sol pour les supporter.The building elements according to the invention make it easy and quick to build walls, floors, ceilings, under-roofing of houses or other types of buildings, or to insulate a building. They can be used to build an annex to a building or create a room even inside an existing building, including a shed or garage without the need for a concrete slab on the ground for them. support.

Claims (11)

Elément de construction de forme parallélépipédique présentant deux parois frontales opposées et parallèles entre elles de part et d'autre d'un pourtour formé de quatre parois latérales opposées et parallèles entre elles deux à deux, et comprenant des moyens d'assemblage complémentaires de type mâle-femelle qui permettent d'assembler par emboîtement ledit élément avec d'autres éléments de construction similaires, caractérisé en ce que ledit élément de construction présente des moyens d'assemblage complémentaires, les uns en saillie sous forme de tenons (T) disposés sur la face externe de deux de ses parois latérales contiguës (1,4) et les autres en creux (M, M') apparaissant sous forme de creusures complémentaires aux tenons aménagées depuis la face externe de ses deux autres parois latérales contiguës (2,3), qui permettent l'assemblage par emboîtement dudit élément avec un autre élément de construction similaire par leurs faces latérales, ledit élément de construction présentant en outre sur ses faces frontales externes des moyens de repérage (81) d'emplacements de réception d'autres tenons ou d'aménagement d'autres creusures, de manière à disposer des moyens d'assemblage supplémentaires pour assembler ledit élément avec un autre élément de construction similaire par emboîtement perpendiculaire d'une face frontale de l'un avec une face latérale de l'autre ou par emboîtement frontal d'une face frontale de l'un avec une face frontale de l'autre.Construction element of parallelepipedal shape having two opposite end walls and parallel to each other on either side of a periphery formed by four opposite and parallel parallel side walls, and comprising complementary male-type assembly means -woman that allow to assemble said element with other similar structural elements by interlocking, characterized in that said element of construction has complementary assembly means, one projecting in the form of tenons (T) arranged on the external face of two of its contiguous side walls (1, 4) and the other recesses (M, M ') appearing in the form of complementary recesses to the tenons arranged from the external face of its two other adjoining side walls (2, 3) , which allow the assembly by interlocking said element with another similar element of construction by their lateral faces, said building element further having on its outer end faces means for locating (81) receiving locations of other tenons or arranging other recesses, so as to have additional assembly means for assembling said element with another similar construction element by perpendicular interlocking of a front face of one with a side face of the other or by frontal engagement of a front face of one with a front face of the other. Elément de construction selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens d'assemblage présents sur les faces latérales et lesdits moyens de repérage (81) d'emplacements de réception d'autres tenons ou d'aménagement d'autres creusures en faces frontales sont disposés avec le même entraxe.Construction element according to claim 1, characterized in that said assembly means present on the lateral faces and said means for locating (81) receiving locations of other tenons or arranging other recesses on the front faces. are arranged with the same spacing. Elément de construction selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il présente, au moins sur ses faces externe frontales, un quadrillage (8) formé d'un premier réseau de lignes parallèles entre elles et d'un second réseau de lignes parallèles entre elles perpendiculaire audit premier réseau, la distance entre deux lignes parallèles immédiatement voisines desdits réseaux étant égale à l'entraxe des moyens d'assemblage présents sur les parois latérales, de sorte que la position des moyens de repérage d'emplacements pour des moyens d'assemblage supplémentaires soit centrée sur l'intersection de deux lignes perpendiculaires desdits réseaux.Construction element according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that it has, at least on its front outer faces, a grid (8) formed of a first network of parallel lines between them and a second network of lines parallel to each other perpendicular to said first network, the distance between two parallel lines immediately adjacent said gratings being equal to the spacing between the assembly means present on the side walls, so that the position of the locating means for additional assembly means is centered on the intersection of two perpendicular lines of said networks. Elément de construction selon l'une des revendications 2 à 3, caractérisé en ce que ses dimensions externes (E, L, H) sont des multiples de l'entraxe des moyens d'assemblage présents sur les parois latérales.Construction element according to one of claims 2 to 3, characterized in that its external dimensions (E, L, H) are multiples of the spacing between the assembly means present on the side walls. Elément de construction selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un conduit interne (7) dont les extrémités débouchent dans des orifices (10, 20, 30, 40) percés dans les parois latérales dudit élément, de préférence ledit conduit se présentant sous forme d'une croix.Construction element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises an internal duct (7) whose ends open into orifices (10, 20, 30, 40) pierced in the side walls of said element, preferably said conduit being in the form of a cross. Elément de construction selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que ledit conduit interne (7) se présente sous forme d'une pièce tubulaire creuse, en forme de croix, disposée contre la face interne d'une des parois frontales (5,6) dudit élément.Construction element according to claim 5, characterized in that said inner duct (7) is in the form of a hollow tubular piece, in the form of a cross, arranged against the internal face of one of the front walls (5, 6) said element. Elément de construction selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que chacune de ses parois frontales a une forme carrée et en ce que chacune de ses faces frontales a une forme rectangulaire d'une largeur égale à environ la moitié de la dimension d'un côté du carré desdites parois frontales.Construction element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each of its front walls has a square shape and in that each of its end faces has a rectangular shape with a width equal to about half the dimension of one side of the square of said front walls. Elément de construction selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que chacune de ses parois frontales (5,6) a la forme d'un carré d'environ 60 cm de côté, et en ce que les moyens d'assemblage sont positionnés sur les faces latérales avec un entraxe égal à environ 15 cm.Construction element according to the preceding claim, characterized in that each of its front walls (5, 6) has the shape of a square of approximately 60 cm on one side, and in that the assembly means are positioned on the lateral faces with a spacing equal to about 15 cm. Elément de construction selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ses parois frontales (5' , 6') sont décalées par rapport au bord de ses parois latérales (1', 2', 3',4') pour créer un épaulement en débord desdites parois latérales par rapport à deux parois latérales contigües et un épaulement en retrait desdites parois frontales par rapport aux deux autres parois latérales contigües, lesdits épaulements ayant la même largeur (e') de manière à ce que la partie définie par les épaulements en retrait dudit élément puisse venir s'emboîter dans la partie définie par les épaulements en débord d'un autre élément de construction similaire lors d'un assemblage par emboîtement de leurs faces latérales.Construction element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that its end walls (5 ', 6') are offset with respect to the edge of its side walls (1 ', 2', 3 ', 4') to create a shoulder protruding from said side walls with respect to two contiguous side walls and a shoulder recessed from said end walls with respect to the other two adjacent side walls, said shoulders having the same width (e ') so that the portion defined by the shoulders recessed from said element can fit into the portion defined by the shoulders overflowing from another similar element of construction during an assembly by interlocking their side faces. Elément de construction selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il est empli d'un matériau isolant, en particulier choisi parmi la mousse de polyuréthane, la laine de bois, l'ouate de cellulose.Construction element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is filled with an insulating material, in particular chosen from polyurethane foam, wood wool and cellulose wadding. Elément de construction selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que chacune de ses parois est formée par une plaque de matériau choisi parmi le bois, l'aggloméré de particules de bois, le poly(chlorure de vinyle), le polystyrène, le polyuréthane, lesdites plaques étant assemblées les unes aux autres pour former un parallélépipède.Construction element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each of its walls is formed by a plate of material chosen from wood, particleboard of wood particles, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, the polyurethane, said plates being assembled to each other to form a parallelepiped.
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CN114829716A (en) * 2019-08-27 2022-07-29 邹胜斌 Modular lattice type assembled combination beam
WO2021140263A1 (en) * 2020-01-07 2021-07-15 Ceramica De La Estanca, S.A. Isometric construction elements dovetailed on all the faces thereof for building walls

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