EP3187453B1 - Crane - Google Patents
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- EP3187453B1 EP3187453B1 EP17155128.6A EP17155128A EP3187453B1 EP 3187453 B1 EP3187453 B1 EP 3187453B1 EP 17155128 A EP17155128 A EP 17155128A EP 3187453 B1 EP3187453 B1 EP 3187453B1
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- crane
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- section
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006231 aramid fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
- B66C23/62—Constructional features or details
- B66C23/64—Jibs
- B66C23/70—Jibs constructed of sections adapted to be assembled to form jibs or various lengths
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
- B66C23/18—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes
- B66C23/36—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes mounted on road or rail vehicles; Manually-movable jib-cranes for use in workshops; Floating cranes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a crane, in particular a tower crane, with at least one truss member comprising a plurality of longitudinal belts which are interconnected by transverse and / or diagonal bars, wherein at least one of the longitudinal belts has a belt cross-section varying over the belt length and / or in different truss fields has different strap cross sections.
- cranes such as cranes or port cranes structural parts of the crane structure are often designed as a truss, in which longitudinal straps are connected by transverse or diagonal bars.
- tower cranes tower elements and cantilever and counter-jib parts may be formed in the form of such a framework support.
- cranes such as mobile telescopic cranes with luffing boom cantilever extensions such as luffing tips in the form of such framework support can be formed.
- derrick cranes and the like structural parts in the form of truss or truss girders are formed.
- Such cranes with trusses are for example from the writings EP 0 928 769 A1 . DE 31 15 531 A1 . US 2129466 A and US 1941952 A known.
- the cross-sectional profiles of the longitudinal straps and transverse or diagonal bars to adapt to the forces prevailing in the respective framework field forces in order to make the best possible use of the material cross-sections and the associated strengths.
- the longitudinal straps this means that they should have different cross sections per se in different longitudinal sections or in different framework fields, since different tensile forces act on the longitudinal straps in different framework fields.
- welds are not easy to manufacture, especially when high strength steels are used.
- the production costs also increased by a more complex storage, since different rod parts must be kept.
- the longitudinal straps of the trusses of cranes are therefore often made in practice with constant cross-section in order to use a continuous belt can.
- the belt cross-section must be chosen so that it can withstand the forces that occur in a most heavily used framework field, which then leads to oversizing in weaker sized stringer fields and a corresponding increase in weight.
- the present invention is therefore based on the object to provide an improved crane of the type mentioned, which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art and further develops the latter in an advantageous manner.
- a high-strength, weight-optimized framework support is to be created, which can be produced with a simple manufacturing effort and used on various crane forms, including frequently erected and dismantled fast-erecting cranes.
- the longitudinal belt cross sections to the force relationships prevailing in the various beam sections without welding together the longitudinal belt sections of different cross section from a plurality of belt parts, but at least in sections to form the longitudinal belt in one piece or in material homogeneity in one piece despite changing cross section.
- the at least one longitudinal belt which has a belt cross-section varying over the length or different belt cross-sections in different truss fields, has weld-free transitions between belt sections of different belt cross-section.
- At least two belt sections of different cross-section are made of one piece in a material-homogeneous manner and free of connecting seams, wherein said longitudinal belt can be made in particular of steel or a steel profile or a semi-finished steel product.
- the longitudinal belt comprises at least one connection point of a transverse and / or diagonal bar a profile widening, from which the belt cross-section on both sides - viewed in the belt longitudinal direction - tapers.
- connection points of transverse and / or diagonal struts welding connections of said transverse and / or diagonal struts can be provided in a reduced-voltage area, ie the cross-sectional core of the longitudinal belt remains free of welds in the area of the connection of transverse and / or diagonal braces ,
- the truss with such a longitudinal belt with weld-free transitions between belt sections of different cross-section can basically be used for various crane parts or structural parts of cranes, especially in the area of tower and jib parts.
- a truss beam formed in the above-mentioned manner can be used as a boom or outrigger part of a crane, wherein the longitudinal belt with the various belt cross-sections and weld-free transitions can form the top flange of the jib part therebetween.
- the truss beam can also be used in other crane beam parts, in which case the longitudinal belt formed in the above-mentioned manner is particularly advantageous if this belt constitutes the main belt or such a main tension belt that is essentially only operationally tension-stressed.
- the rod support formed in the manner mentioned can form a cross-sectionally generally triangular cantilever or cantilever part, in which at least the upper girth has lengthwise changing strap cross sections with transitions free of weld seams and is supplemented by two lower girds which together and with said upper girth are connected by transverse and / or diagonal struts.
- said at least one longitudinal belt in the framework fields between connected transverse and / or diagonal struts different, each adapted to the tensile forces in the respective framework field belt cross-sections, in particular such that in bar structures with higher tensile forces on the longitudinal belt of this one thicker or has larger Gurtquerites and has lower Gurtquerroughe in bar work fields with lower tensile forces.
- the belt cross-section of the longitudinal belt can also change within a framework field, ie between two adjacent connection points of transverse or diagonal struts.
- the longitudinal belt has a substantially constant within a respective framework field Gurtquerites.
- the belt cross-sections change from the field of the tarmac to the tarmac and are optimally adapted to the prevailing load in each tarmac field.
- the cross-sectional changes can be provided in the region of the articulation points or attachment regions of the transverse or diagonal struts.
- the belt cross-section of said longitudinal belt can thereby decrease in at least a part of the framework support of the framework field to the framework field.
- the belt cross section may decrease in a direction of the longitudinal belt from the stringer field to the strut field to the projecting end of the cantilever part, if the cantilever part is a cantilever tip or a cantilever tip part.
- other cross-sectional gradations or courses may be useful.
- said longitudinal belt can be formed with the changing belt cross sections with weld-free transitions between the profile sections or cross-sectional changes of a band steel part or a solid material profile part with approximately rectangular cross-section.
- said longitudinal belt can have a belt width that changes over the length while the belt height remains substantially constant.
- the thickness of the strip steel part remains substantially constant over the length, while cross-sectional tapers are obtained by varying the strip width.
- said longitudinal belt can be adapted not only with regard to its belt cross-section to different beam support sections be, but also have a curved and / or beveled course, for example - when the longitudinal belt is used as upper chord - the height of the truss bearer in different framework support sections to make different, in particular to a jib tip to taper and / or next to one in height to remain constant Stabtechnikitatiabites provide a rod support section with increasing or decreasing height and / or provide rod support sections with different degrees of height change.
- the longitudinal belt is also free of weld seams in the transition regions between bent or curved longitudinal belt sections, so that a material-homogeneous, integrally one-sided bending or bending region results.
- the crane 1 can be designed as a mobile fast-erecting crane in the form of a tower crane, the tower 2 carries a boom 3 and is supported at its lower end on a rotating platform 4 which is rotatable about an upright axis of rotation. Said turntable 4 in turn sits on an undercarriage 5, which may be designed as a truck or otherwise movable, but may also be formed by a fixed, non-movable support base.
- the boom 3 can be tilted about a horizontal transverse axis mounted on the tower 2, wherein the up and down rocking can take place via the bracing 6.
- the tower 2 and the boom 3 consists of truss girders, of which at least one can be designed in the manner explained in more detail below.
- a boom part for example, the in Fig. 2 cantilever tip shown be configured as a bar support 7, which includes a plurality of longitudinal straps, which are interconnected by a plurality of transverse or diagonal struts 10.
- the aforementioned longitudinal straps may comprise a top flange 8 and two bottom straps 9, so that the bar support 7 has an overall triangular cross section.
- other constellations are conceivable, for example, two upper straps with two lower straps or two upper straps with a lower flange, depending on what loads the rod carrier is subjected.
- At least one of the aforementioned longitudinal straps can have the training described in more detail below with changing cross sections and weld-free transitions, and this can be in particular the upper tensile force 8 subjected to the high tensile forces.
- the other longitudinal straps, in particular the lower straps 9, may have a uniform belt cross-section over the length, but may also be designed with varying cross-sections analogous to the upper belt 8.
- the upper flange 8 in different framework fields 11, 12 and 13 - which are each between two articulation points 14, 15, 16 and 17 of transverse or diagonal struts 10 - have different Gurtquerroughe.
- the upper flange 8 may have a substantially constant profile thickness, while the profile width varies over the length of the belt or is different from the framework field to rod work field.
- the profile thickness and the profile width are measured in two mutually perpendicular main axes of the cross-sectional profile, wherein the profile thickness when the truss member is a boom part, measured in the vertical direction and the profile width can be measured in the horizontal direction.
- Fig. 4 shows, the profile width to the jib tip from rod field to rod work field can be smaller, in particular from B1 on B2 and B3 decrease to B4, see. Fig. 4 ,
- the belt may have profile widenings 18, which may be formed in particular in the form of cross-sectional widenings, cf. Fig. 4 , wherein also in the area of the profile widenings 18, the profile thickness can remain constant.
- the cross-sectional transitions in particular also in the region of the profile widenings 18, have low-profile, in particular rounded contouring, in order to prevent any voltage peaks.
- the transverse or diagonal struts 10 can be welded in low-tension edge portions of the upper belt 8.
- the upper flange 8 despite its varying Gurtquerroughe over the entire length of the jib part or truss support 7 integrally formed without weld joints in the transition areas or in the sections of a framework field itself.
- said longitudinal belt 8 may be made of a flat steel profile with solid material cross section.
- the upper flange 8 may include one or more folds 19, whereby the height of the boom part can be adjusted as desired in a desired manner, in particular can be tapered towards the boom tip.
- the mentioned folds 19 are advantageously made perpendicular to the shorter main axis of the Gurtqueritess, ie when extending the larger width in the horizontal direction, the profile is bent or bent in the vertical direction.
- the upper flange 8 can also be formed free of weld seams in the transition regions of the abovementioned folds 19, so that the belt can also extend over the folds 19 in a material-homogeneous manner and integrally in one piece.
- the top chord 8 may have a longitudinal chord or a central material core, which extend over the entire length of the top chord away weld seam or material homogeneous, integrally formed integrally.
- the top flange 8 can - as the bottom straps 9 and possibly also the transverse or diagonal struts 10 - be made of high strength steel, which is particularly useful, because little welding joints are necessary or changes in direction formed by folds and / or cross-sectional changes the blank shape can be formed.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Jib Cranes (AREA)
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Kran, insbesondere Turmdrehkran, mit zumindest einem Stabwerkträger, der mehrere Längsgurte umfasst, die durch Quer- und/oder Diagonalstäbe miteinander verbunden sind, wobei zumindest einer der Längsgurte einen sich über die Gurtlänge ändernden Gurtquerschnitt und/oder in verschiedenen Stabwerkfeldern verschiedene Gurtquerschnitte besitzt.The present invention relates to a crane, in particular a tower crane, with at least one truss member comprising a plurality of longitudinal belts which are interconnected by transverse and / or diagonal bars, wherein at least one of the longitudinal belts has a belt cross-section varying over the belt length and / or in different truss fields has different strap cross sections.
Bei Kranen wie Baukranen oder Hafenkranen werden Strukturteile der Kranstruktur oft als Stabwerkträger ausgebildet, bei denen Längsgurte durch Quer- bzw. Diagonalstäbe miteinander verbunden sind. Bei Turmdrehkranen können Turmelemente und Ausleger- und Gegenauslegerteile in Form solcher Stabwerkträger ausgebildet sein. Bei anderen Kranformen wie beispielsweise mobilen Teleskopkranen mit wippbarem Ausleger können Auslegerverlängerungen wie beispielsweise Wippspitzen in Form solcher Stabwerkträger ausgebildet sein. Auch bei anderen Kranen wie Derrickkranen und dergleichen sind Strukturteile in Form von Fachwerk- oder Stabwerkträgern ausgebildet. Solche Krane mit Stabwerkträgern sind beispielsweise aus den Schriften
Um bei höchstmöglicher Festigkeit ein möglichst geringes Gewicht zu erzielen, ist es wünschenswert, die Querschnittsprofile der Längsgurte und Quer- bzw. Diagonalstäbe an die in jeweiligem Stabwerkfeld herrschenden Kräfte anzupassen, um die Materialquerschnitte und die damit einhergehenden Festigkeiten bestmöglich auszunutzen. Bei den Längsgurten bedeutet dies, dass diese in verschiedenen Längsabschnitten bzw. in verschiedenen Stabwerkfeldern an sich unterschiedliche Querschnitte besitzen sollten, da in verschiedenen Stabwerkfeldern unterschiedliche Zugkräfte auf die Längsgurte einwirken. Um dieser Forderung gerecht zu werden, wurde bereits vorgeschlagen, einen Längsgurt aus verschiedenen Gurtteilen zusammenzusetzen und die Gurtabschnitte miteinander zu verschweißen. Solche Schweißverbindungen sind jedoch in der Fertigung nicht ganz einfach, insbesondere wenn hochfeste Stähle verwendet werden. Zum anderen erhöht sich der Fertigungsaufwand auch durch eine komplexere Lagerhaltung, da verschiedene Stabteile bereitgehalten werden müssen.In order to achieve the lowest possible weight at the highest possible strength, it is desirable, the cross-sectional profiles of the longitudinal straps and transverse or diagonal bars to adapt to the forces prevailing in the respective framework field forces in order to make the best possible use of the material cross-sections and the associated strengths. In the case of the longitudinal straps, this means that they should have different cross sections per se in different longitudinal sections or in different framework fields, since different tensile forces act on the longitudinal straps in different framework fields. To meet this requirement, it has been proposed to assemble a longitudinal belt of different belt parts and to weld the belt sections together. However, such welds are not easy to manufacture, especially when high strength steels are used. On the other hand, the production costs also increased by a more complex storage, since different rod parts must be kept.
Um diesem komplexeren Fertigungsaufwand zu entgehen, werden daher in der Praxis die Längsgurte der Stabwerkträger von Kranen häufig mit gleichbleibendem Querschnitt gefertigt, um einen durchgehenden Gurt einsetzen zu können. Um den Festigkeitsanforderungen gerecht zu werden, muss dabei der Gurtquerschnitt jedoch so gewählt werden, dass er den Kräften standhält, die in einem am stärksten beanspruchten Stabwerkfeld auftreten, was dann zu einer Überdimensionierung in schwächer dimensionierten Stabwerkfeldern und einer entsprechenden Gewichtserhöhung führt.In order to avoid this complex manufacturing effort, the longitudinal straps of the trusses of cranes are therefore often made in practice with constant cross-section in order to use a continuous belt can. In order to meet the strength requirements, however, the belt cross-section must be chosen so that it can withstand the forces that occur in a most heavily used framework field, which then leads to oversizing in weaker sized stringer fields and a corresponding increase in weight.
Es wurde insofern auch bereits vorgeschlagen, die Gurte und Stäbe eines solchen Kranstabwerkträgers nicht mehr aus Stahlprofilen herzustellen, sondern andere, insbesondere faserverstärkte Materialien wie kohlefaser- und/oder aramidfaserverstärkte Profilteile zu verwenden. Neben recht hohen Fertigungskosten besitzen solche Faserwerkstoffteile ohne besondere Schutzmaßnahmen bisweilen jedoch Nachteile bei der Schlag- und Stoßfestigkeit, was gerade bei häufig auf- und abgebauten Schnelleinsatzkränen problematisch ist, die beim Transport und bei der Montage oft eher rauen Bedingungen unterliegen.It has already been proposed that the straps and rods of such a crane truss support no longer made of steel profiles, but to use other, in particular fiber-reinforced materials such as carbon fiber and / or aramid fiber reinforced profile parts. In addition to quite high production costs such fiber material parts without special protective measures sometimes have disadvantages in impact and impact resistance, which is problematic especially in frequently erected and dismantled fast-erecting cranes, which are often subject to rather rough conditions during transport and assembly.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen verbesserten Kran der genannten Art zu schaffen, der Nachteile des Standes der Technik vermeidet und Letzteren in vorteilhafter Weise weiterbildet. Insbesondere soll ein hochfester, gewichtsoptimierter Stabwerkträger geschaffen werden, der mit einfachem Fertigungsaufwand herstellbar und an verschiedenen Kranformen einschließlich häufig auf- und abgebauten Schnelleinsatzkranen verwendbar ist.The present invention is therefore based on the object to provide an improved crane of the type mentioned, which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art and further develops the latter in an advantageous manner. In particular, a high-strength, weight-optimized framework support is to be created, which can be produced with a simple manufacturing effort and used on various crane forms, including frequently erected and dismantled fast-erecting cranes.
Erfindungsgemäß wird die genannte Aufgabe durch einen Kran gemäß Anspruch 1 gelöst. Bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche.According to the invention, said object is achieved by a crane according to claim 1. Preferred embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.
Zur Lösung der genannten Aufgabe wird vorgeschlagen, die Längsgurtquerschnitte an die in den verschiedenen Stabwerkabschnitten herrschenden Kraftverhältnisse anzupassen, ohne die Längsgurtabschnitte verschiedenen Querschnitts aus mehreren Gurtteilen zusammenzuschweißen, sondern den Längsgurt zumindest abschnittsweise trotz sich veränderndem Querschnitt aus einem Stück bzw. materialhomogen einstückig auszubilden. Erfindungsgemäß besitzt der zumindest eine Längsgurt, der einen sich über die Länge ändernden Gurtquerschnitt bzw. in verschiedenen Stabwerkfeldern verschiedene Gurtquerschnitte besitzt, schweißnahtfreie Übergänge zwischen Gurtabschnitten unterschiedlichen Gurtquerschnitts. Zumindest zwei Gurtabschnitte verschiedenen Querschnitts werden materialhomogen und verbindungsnahtfrei aus einem Stück gefertigt, wobei der genannte Längsgurt insbesondere aus Stahl bzw. einem Stahlprofil oder einem Stahlhalbzeug gefertigt sein kann. Dabei umfasst der Längsgurt an zumindest einer Anschlussstelle eines Quer- und/oder Diagonalstabs eine Profilaufweitung, von der aus sich der Gurtquerschnitt zu beiden Seiten hin - in Gurtlängsrichtung betrachtet - verjüngt. Durch solche Profilaufweitungen im Bereich der Anschlussstellen von Quer- und/oder Diagonalstreben können Schweißanschlüsse der genannten Quer- und/oder Diagonalstreben in einem spannungsreduzierten Bereich vorgesehen werden, d.h. der Querschnittskern des Längsgurts bleibt auch im Bereich der Anbindung von Quer- und/oder Diagonalstreben schweißnahtfrei.To solve the aforementioned object, it is proposed to adapt the longitudinal belt cross sections to the force relationships prevailing in the various beam sections without welding together the longitudinal belt sections of different cross section from a plurality of belt parts, but at least in sections to form the longitudinal belt in one piece or in material homogeneity in one piece despite changing cross section. According to the invention, the at least one longitudinal belt, which has a belt cross-section varying over the length or different belt cross-sections in different truss fields, has weld-free transitions between belt sections of different belt cross-section. At least two belt sections of different cross-section are made of one piece in a material-homogeneous manner and free of connecting seams, wherein said longitudinal belt can be made in particular of steel or a steel profile or a semi-finished steel product. In this case, the longitudinal belt comprises at least one connection point of a transverse and / or diagonal bar a profile widening, from which the belt cross-section on both sides - viewed in the belt longitudinal direction - tapers. By such profile widening in the region of the connection points of transverse and / or diagonal struts welding connections of said transverse and / or diagonal struts can be provided in a reduced-voltage area, ie the cross-sectional core of the longitudinal belt remains free of welds in the area of the connection of transverse and / or diagonal braces ,
Der Stabwerkträger mit einem solchen Längsgurt mit schweißnahtfreien Übergängen zwischen Gurtabschnitten verschiedenen Querschnitts kann grundsätzlich für verschiedene Kranteile bzw. Strukturteile von Kranen Verwendung finden, insbesondere im Bereich von Turm- und Auslegerteilen. Insbesondere kann ein in der genannten Weise ausgebildeter Stabwerkträger als Ausleger bzw. Auslegerteil eines Krans Verwendung finden, wobei der Längsgurt mit den verschiedenen Gurtquerschnitten und schweißnahtfreien Übergängen dazwischen den Obergurt des Auslegerteils bilden kann. Generell kann der Stabwerkträger aber auch bei anderen Kranträgerteilen Verwendung finden, wobei hier der in der genannten Weise ausgebildete Längsgurt insbesondere dann von Vorteil ist, wenn dieser Gurt den betriebsmäßig im Wesentlichen nur auf Zug beanspruchten Hauptgurt oder einen solchen Hauptzuggurt bildet.The truss with such a longitudinal belt with weld-free transitions between belt sections of different cross-section can basically be used for various crane parts or structural parts of cranes, especially in the area of tower and jib parts. In particular, a truss beam formed in the above-mentioned manner can be used as a boom or outrigger part of a crane, wherein the longitudinal belt with the various belt cross-sections and weld-free transitions can form the top flange of the jib part therebetween. In general, however, the truss beam can also be used in other crane beam parts, in which case the longitudinal belt formed in the above-mentioned manner is particularly advantageous if this belt constitutes the main belt or such a main tension belt that is essentially only operationally tension-stressed.
Insbesondere kann der in der genannten Weise ausgebildete Stabwerkträger einen im Querschnitt betrachtet insgesamt dreieckförmigen Ausleger bzw. Auslegerteil bilden, bei dem zumindest der Obergurt sich über die Länge verändernde Gurtquerschnitte mit schweißnahtfreien Übergängen besitzt und von zwei Untergurten ergänzt wird, die miteinander und mit dem genannten Obergurt durch Quer- und/oder Diagonalstreben verbunden sind.In particular, the rod support formed in the manner mentioned can form a cross-sectionally generally triangular cantilever or cantilever part, in which at least the upper girth has lengthwise changing strap cross sections with transitions free of weld seams and is supplemented by two lower girds which together and with said upper girth are connected by transverse and / or diagonal struts.
In Weiterbildung der Erfindung besitzt der genannte zumindest eine Längsgurt in den Stabwerksfeldern zwischen angeschlossenen Quer- und/oder Diagonalstreben verschiedene, jeweils an die Zugkräfte im jeweiligen Stabwerkfeld angepasste Gurtquerschnitte, insbesondere dergestalt, dass in Stabwerkfeldern mit höheren Zugkräften auf den Längsgurt dieser einen dickeren bzw. größeren Gurtquerschnitt besitzt und in Stabwerkfeldern mit geringeren Zugkräften geringere Gurtquerschnitte besitzt.In a further development of the invention, said at least one longitudinal belt in the framework fields between connected transverse and / or diagonal struts different, each adapted to the tensile forces in the respective framework field belt cross-sections, in particular such that in bar structures with higher tensile forces on the longitudinal belt of this one thicker or has larger Gurtquerschnitt and has lower Gurtquerschnitte in bar work fields with lower tensile forces.
Prinzipiell kann sich der Gurtquerschnitt des Längsgurts dabei auch innerhalb eines Stabwerkfeldes, d.h. zwischen zwei benachbarten Anschlusspunkten von Quer- bzw. Diagonalstreben, ändern. Vorteilhafterweise jedoch besitzt der Längsgurt innerhalb eines jeweiligen Stabwerkfeldes einen im Wesentlichen konstant bleibenden Gurtquerschnitt. Die Gurtquerschnitte verändern sich von Stabwerkfeld zu Stabwerkfeld und sind in jedem Stabwerkfeld bestmöglich an die herrschende Belastung angepasst. Die Querschnittsveränderungen können im Bereich der Anlenkpunkte bzw. Anbindungsbereiche der Quer- bzw. Diagonalstreben vorgesehen sein.In principle, the belt cross-section of the longitudinal belt can also change within a framework field, ie between two adjacent connection points of transverse or diagonal struts. Advantageously, however, the longitudinal belt has a substantially constant within a respective framework field Gurtquerschnitt. The belt cross-sections change from the field of the tarmac to the tarmac and are optimally adapted to the prevailing load in each tarmac field. The cross-sectional changes can be provided in the region of the articulation points or attachment regions of the transverse or diagonal struts.
Der Gurtquerschnitt des genannten Längsgurts kann dabei in zumindest einem Teil des Stabwerkträgers von Stabwerkfeld zu Stabwerkfeld abnehmen. Insbesondere kann der Gurtquerschnitt in einer Richtung des Längsgurts von Stabwerkfeld zu Stabwerkfeld zum auskragenden Ende des Auslegerteils hin abnehmen, wenn es sich bei dem Auslegerteil um eine Auslegerspitze bzw. ein Auslegerspitzenteil handelt. Je nachdem, wie sich die Kräfte in den Stabwerkfeldern, insbesondere die Zugkräfte auf den Obergurt, ergeben, können auch andere Querschnittsabstufungen bzw. Verläufe sinnvoll sein.The belt cross-section of said longitudinal belt can thereby decrease in at least a part of the framework support of the framework field to the framework field. In particular, the belt cross section may decrease in a direction of the longitudinal belt from the stringer field to the strut field to the projecting end of the cantilever part, if the cantilever part is a cantilever tip or a cantilever tip part. Depending on how the forces in the framework fields, in particular the tensile forces on the upper flange, arise, other cross-sectional gradations or courses may be useful.
In vorteilhafter Weiterbildung der Erfindung kann der genannte Längsgurt mit den sich ändernden Gurtquerschnitten mit schweißnahtfreien Übergängen zwischen den Profilabschnitten bzw. Querschnittsänderungen aus einem Bandstahlsteil bzw. einem Vollmaterialprofilteil mit etwa rechteckigem Querschnitt ausgebildet sein. Die Verwendung eines Flachstahl-Halbzeugs erlaubt es, einen zumindest über einen Teil des Auslegerteils durchgehenden Längsgurt zu verwenden, dessen Querschnitt in einfacher Weise variiert und damit für verschiedene Stabwerkfelder an die dort herrschenden Kräfte angepasst werden kann.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said longitudinal belt can be formed with the changing belt cross sections with weld-free transitions between the profile sections or cross-sectional changes of a band steel part or a solid material profile part with approximately rectangular cross-section. The use of a flat steel semifinished product makes it possible to use a longitudinal belt that runs through at least part of the jib part, the cross section of which varies in a simple manner and can therefore be adapted to the forces prevailing there for different truss fields.
Insbesondere kann der genannte Längsgurt in zumindest einem Gurtabschnitt eine sich über die Länge ändernde Gurtbreite bei im Wesentlichen konstant bleibender Gurthöhe besitzen. Wird in der vorgenannten Weise ein Flachstahl- bzw. Bandstahlteil verwendet, bleibt die Dicke bzw. Höhe des Bandstahlteils über die Länge im Wesentlichen gleich, während Querschnittsverjüngungen bzw. -verbreiterungen durch Variation der Bandstahlbreite erzielt werden.In particular, in at least one belt section, said longitudinal belt can have a belt width that changes over the length while the belt height remains substantially constant. When a flat steel strip member is used in the aforementioned manner, the thickness of the strip steel part remains substantially constant over the length, while cross-sectional tapers are obtained by varying the strip width.
In vorteilhafter Weiterbildung der Erfindung kann der genannte Längsgurt nicht nur hinsichtlich seines Gurtquerschnitts an verschiedene Stabwerkträgerabschnitte angepasst sein, sondern auch einen gekrümmten und/oder abgekanteten Verlauf besitzen, beispielsweise um - wenn der Längsgurt als Obergurt verwendet wird - die Höhe des Stabwerkträgers in verschiedenen Stabwerkträgerabschnitten verschieden zu gestalten, insbesondere zu einer Auslegerspitze hin zu verjüngen und/oder neben einem in der Höhe konstant bleibenden Stabwerkträgerabschnitt einen Stabwerkträgerabschnitt mit sich vergrößernder oder verkleinernder Höhe vorzusehen und/oder Stabwerkträgerabschnitte mit verschieden starker Höhenänderung vorzusehen. In vorteilhafter Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist der Längsgurt dabei auch in den Übergangsbereichen zwischen zueinander abgekanteten bzw. gebogenen Längsgurtabschnitten schweißnahtfrei ausgebildet, so dass sich ein materialhomogener, integral einstückiger Abkantungs- bzw. Biegebereich ergibt.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said longitudinal belt can be adapted not only with regard to its belt cross-section to different beam support sections be, but also have a curved and / or beveled course, for example - when the longitudinal belt is used as upper chord - the height of the truss bearer in different framework support sections to make different, in particular to a jib tip to taper and / or next to one in height to remain constant Stabwerkträgerabschnitt provide a rod support section with increasing or decreasing height and / or provide rod support sections with different degrees of height change. In an advantageous development of the invention, the longitudinal belt is also free of weld seams in the transition regions between bent or curved longitudinal belt sections, so that a material-homogeneous, integrally one-sided bending or bending region results.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels und zugehöriger Zeichnungen näher erläutert. In den Zeichnungen zeigen:
- Fig. 1:
- eine schematische Seitenansicht eines Krans in Form eines als Turmdrehkran ausgebildeten mobilen Schnelleinsatzkranes, dessen Turm einen Ausleger trägt, der als Stabwerkträger ausgebildet ist,
- Fig. 2:
- eine schematische Seitenansicht eines als Stabwerkträger ausgebildeten Auslegerteils, das die Auslegerspitze mit zur Spitze hin kleiner werdender Stabwerkträgerhöhe zeigt,
- Fig. 3:
- eine Draufsicht auf den Auslegerteil aus
Fig. 2 , die den Obergurt und dessen Querschnittsverlauf zeigt, - Fig. 4:
- eine vergrößerte, ausschnittsweise Draufsicht auf den Obergurt des Auslegerteils aus den vorhergehenden Figuren, und
- Fig. 5:
- eine vergrößerte, ausschnittsweise Seitenansicht des Obergurts des Auslegerteils aus den vorhergehenden Figuren.
- Fig. 1:
- a schematic side view of a crane in the form of a designed as a tower crane mobile fast-erecting crane, the tower carries a boom, which is designed as a truss girder,
- Fig. 2:
- FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of a jib part designed as a truss system, showing the jib tip with the truss height becoming smaller toward the tip; FIG.
- 3:
- a plan view of the boom part
Fig. 2 showing the upper flange and its cross-sectional profile, - 4:
- an enlarged, partial plan view of the upper flange of the boom part of the preceding figures, and
- Fig. 5:
- an enlarged, partial side view of the upper belt of the jib part of the preceding figures.
Wie
Der Ausleger 3 kann um eine liegende Querachse wippbar an den Turm 2 gelagert sein, wobei das Auf- und Niederwippen über die Abspannung 6 erfolgen kann.The
Der Turm 2 und der Ausleger 3 besteht dabei aus Stabwerkträgern, von denen zumindest einer in der nachfolgend näher erläuterten Weise ausgebildet sein kann.The
Insbesondere kann ein Auslegerteil, beispielsweise die in
Zumindest einer der genannten Längsgurte kann die nachfolgend näher beschriebene Ausbildung mit sich ändernden Querschnitten und schweißnahtfreien Übergängen besitzen, wobei dies insbesondere der den hohen Zugkräften unterworfene Obergurt 8 sein kann. Die anderen Längsgurte, insbesondere die Untergurte 9 können einen über die Länge betrachtet gleichbleibenden Gurtquerschnitt besitzen, ggf. aber auch mit variierenden Querschnitten analog dem Obergurt 8 ausgebildet sein.At least one of the aforementioned longitudinal straps can have the training described in more detail below with changing cross sections and weld-free transitions, and this can be in particular the upper
Wie
Wie insbesondere
Im Bereich der Anlenkpunkte 14, 15, 16 und 17 der Quer- bzw. Diagonalstreben 10 kann der Gurt Profilaufweitungen 18 besitzen, die insbesondere in Form von Querschnittsverbreiterungen ausgebildet sein können, vgl.
Vorteilhafterweise besitzen die Querschnittsübergänge, insbesondere auch im Bereich der Profilaufweitungen 18, kerbwirkungsarme, insbesondere abgerundete Konturierungen, um keine Spannungsspitzen entstehen zu lassen. Durch die genannten Profilaufweitungen 18 können die Quer- bzw. Diagonalstreben 10 in zugspannungsarmen Randabschnitten des Obergurts 8 angeschweißt werden.Advantageously, the cross-sectional transitions, in particular also in the region of the
Wie
Wie
Vorteilhafterweise kann der Obergurt 8 auch in den Übergangsbereichen der genannten Abkantungen 19 schweißnahtfrei ausgebildet sein, so dass sich der Gurt auch über die Abkantungen 19 hinweg materialhomogen und integral einstückig erstrecken kann.Advantageously, the
In Weiterbildung der Erfindung kann der Obergurt 8 eine Längssehne bzw. einen zentralen Materialkern besitzen, der sich über die gesamte Länge des Obergurts hinweg schweißnahtfrei erstrecken bzw. materialhomogen, integral einstückig ausgebildet sein kann.In a further development of the invention, the
Der Obergurt 8 kann dabei - wie die Untergurte 9 und ggf. auch die Quer- bzw. Diagonalstreben 10 - aus hochfestem Stahl gefertigt sein, was insbesondere sinnvoll möglich ist, weil wenig Schweißstöße notwendig sind bzw. Richtungsänderungen durch Abkantungen ausgebildet und/oder Querschnittsänderungen über die Zuschnittsform ausgebildet sein können.The
Zudem können auf einfache Art planmäßige Sollknickstellen im Stabwerkträger 7 bzw. Ausleger eingebaut werden.In addition, simple planned bending points in the
Weiterhin können Einsparungen in der Lagerhaltung erzielt werden, da für den Obergurt nur ein Blechprofil bzw. Bandstahlprofil bereitgehalten werden muss.Furthermore, savings in storage can be achieved because only one sheet metal profile or strip steel profile must be kept ready for the top flange.
Die im Rahmen der vorliegenden Anmeldung beschriebene Längsgurtausbildung bzw. -form ermöglicht dabei insbesondere folgende Vorteile:
- Einfache Anpassung der Profilbreite bzw. des Profilquerschnitts an den statisch erforderlichen Gurtquerschnitt und damit Leichtbau;
- es sind keine Schweißverbindungen zwischen den Obergurtfeldern notwendig, obwohl sich der Querschnitt verändert;
- es können kerbarme Profilaufweitungen an den Stellen vorgesehen werden, an denen andere Trägerteile wie beispielsweise Quer- und Diagonalstreben oder Anschlusslaschen angeschweißt werden müssen;
- eine einfache Fachwerkhöhenveränderung ist durch Abkanten des Obergurts erreichbar;
- es ist auf einfache Art möglich, ein Obergurtfeld so zu gestalten, dass es bei einer Kranfehlbedienung beispielsweise bei der Kranmontage als erstes Teil ausknickt, so dass das kostengünstigste Auslegerteil als erstes versagt;
- es kann ein extrem schlankes Obergurtprofil und eine hierdurch bedingte geringe seitliche Windangriffsfläche erzielt werden, so dass ein relativ kleinerer Drehwerkantrieb ausreichend ist.
- Easy adjustment of the profile width or the profile cross-section of the statically required belt cross section and thus lightweight construction;
- no welds between the upper belt panels are necessary, although the cross section changes;
- Kerbarme profile widening can be provided at the locations where other support members such as transverse and diagonal braces or connecting straps must be welded;
- a simple truss height change can be achieved by folding the upper belt;
- it is easily possible to design a Obergurtfeld so that it kinks in a crane malfunction, for example in the crane assembly as the first part, so that the most cost-effective boom part fails first;
- It can be achieved an extremely slim Obergurtprofil and thereby caused low lateral windage surface, so that a relatively smaller rotary drive is sufficient.
Claims (10)
- A crane, in particular a tower slewing crane, having at least one lattice boom (7) that comprises a plurality of longitudinal beams (8, 9) that are connected to one another by transverse and/or diagonal struts (10), wherein at least one of the longitudinal beams (8) has a beam cross-section varying over the beam length and/or has different beam cross-sections in different lattice fields (11, 12, 13), wherein the at least one longitudinal beam (8) has transitions free of weld seams between beam sections of different beam cross-sections, characterized in that the longitudinal beam (8) comprises a section widening portion (18) at at least one connector point (14, 15, 16, 17) of a transverse and/or diagonal strut (10), with the beam cross-section decreasing, viewed in the longitudinal beam direction, at both sides from said section widening portion
- The crane in accordance with the preceding claim, wherein the at least one longitudinal beam (8) forms the upper beam of a boom part and/or a main beam of the lattice boom (7) subjected primarily to tension.
- The crane in accordance with one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one longitudinal beam (8) has different beam cross-sections respectively adapted to the tensile forces in the respective lattice field (11, 12, 13) between connected transverse and/or diagonal struts (10) in the lattice fields (11, 12, 13), with the beam cross-section in a respective lattice field (11, 12, 13) remaining substantially constant over the beam length.
- The crane in accordance with one of the preceding claims, wherein the beam cross-section of the named longitudinal beam (8) decreases from lattice field to lattice field at least in a part of the lattice boom (7) in one direction, in particular in a boom tip part toward the projecting end.
- The crane in accordance with one of the preceding claims, wherein the longitudinal beam (8) is formed as a strip steel part and/or as a solid material sectional part having an approximately rectangular cross-section.
- The crane in accordance with the preceding claim, wherein the longitudinal beam is aligned with its shorter main axis in a vertical plane.
- The crane in accordance with one of the preceding claims, wherein the named at least one longitudinal beam (8) is produced from a preferably high-tensile steel.
- The crane in accordance with one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one longitudinal boom (8) has a beam width (B1, B2, B3) varying in the longitudinal beam direction with a beam height (H) that remains constant.
- The crane in accordance with one of the preceding claims, wherein the longitudinal beam (8) has low-notch, in particular rounded, contour transitions toward the section widening portions (18).
- The crane in accordance with one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one longitudinal beam (8) has an at least simply edged and/or bent longitudinal axis, wherein a transition free of weld seams is provided between the mutually edged or bent beam sections.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE202013003309.6U DE202013003309U1 (en) | 2013-04-08 | 2013-04-08 | crane |
PCT/EP2014/000731 WO2014166579A1 (en) | 2013-04-08 | 2014-03-18 | Crane comprising longitudinal beams with weld-free transitions between beam cross sections |
EP14711157.9A EP2984025B1 (en) | 2013-04-08 | 2014-03-18 | Crane comprising longitudinal beams with weld-free transitions between beam cross sections |
Related Parent Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP14711157.9A Division EP2984025B1 (en) | 2013-04-08 | 2014-03-18 | Crane comprising longitudinal beams with weld-free transitions between beam cross sections |
EP14711157.9A Division-Into EP2984025B1 (en) | 2013-04-08 | 2014-03-18 | Crane comprising longitudinal beams with weld-free transitions between beam cross sections |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3187453A1 EP3187453A1 (en) | 2017-07-05 |
EP3187453B1 true EP3187453B1 (en) | 2018-10-17 |
Family
ID=50336262
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP17155128.6A Active EP3187453B1 (en) | 2013-04-08 | 2014-03-18 | Crane |
EP17155131.0A Active EP3184478B1 (en) | 2013-04-08 | 2014-03-18 | Crane |
EP14711157.9A Active EP2984025B1 (en) | 2013-04-08 | 2014-03-18 | Crane comprising longitudinal beams with weld-free transitions between beam cross sections |
Family Applications After (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP17155131.0A Active EP3184478B1 (en) | 2013-04-08 | 2014-03-18 | Crane |
EP14711157.9A Active EP2984025B1 (en) | 2013-04-08 | 2014-03-18 | Crane comprising longitudinal beams with weld-free transitions between beam cross sections |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (3) | EP3187453B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE202013003309U1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK2984025T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2635623T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014166579A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102016101212A1 (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2017-07-27 | Terex MHPS IP Management GmbH | Support structure for a crane and crane hereby |
DE102020129454B4 (en) | 2020-11-09 | 2023-08-17 | Tadano Demag Gmbh | Mobile crane with a boom system |
DE102020134714B4 (en) | 2020-12-22 | 2023-09-28 | Tadano Demag Gmbh | Mobile crane with a luffing main boom and an additional boom system |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1941952A (en) * | 1931-12-26 | 1934-01-02 | Manitowoc Shipbuilding Corp | Boom construction |
US2129466A (en) * | 1936-07-13 | 1938-09-06 | Harnischfeger Corp | Structural member |
JPS56149982A (en) * | 1980-04-18 | 1981-11-20 | Hitachi Ltd | Truss structure joint |
FR2773550B1 (en) * | 1998-01-12 | 2000-02-18 | Potain Sa | BOOM ELEMENT FOR TOWER CRANE |
DE102009008809A1 (en) * | 2009-02-11 | 2010-08-19 | V & M Deutschland Gmbh | Drawbar for the bracing of a crane jib |
-
2013
- 2013-04-08 DE DE202013003309.6U patent/DE202013003309U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2014
- 2014-03-18 WO PCT/EP2014/000731 patent/WO2014166579A1/en active Application Filing
- 2014-03-18 EP EP17155128.6A patent/EP3187453B1/en active Active
- 2014-03-18 EP EP17155131.0A patent/EP3184478B1/en active Active
- 2014-03-18 ES ES14711157.9T patent/ES2635623T3/en active Active
- 2014-03-18 DK DK14711157.9T patent/DK2984025T3/en active
- 2014-03-18 EP EP14711157.9A patent/EP2984025B1/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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None * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3187453A1 (en) | 2017-07-05 |
EP2984025A1 (en) | 2016-02-17 |
DK2984025T3 (en) | 2017-08-14 |
EP3184478A1 (en) | 2017-06-28 |
EP3184478B1 (en) | 2018-10-17 |
WO2014166579A1 (en) | 2014-10-16 |
EP2984025B1 (en) | 2017-05-03 |
ES2635623T3 (en) | 2017-10-04 |
DE202013003309U1 (en) | 2014-07-09 |
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