EP3160595B1 - Emergency oxygen supply system - Google Patents

Emergency oxygen supply system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3160595B1
EP3160595B1 EP15731890.8A EP15731890A EP3160595B1 EP 3160595 B1 EP3160595 B1 EP 3160595B1 EP 15731890 A EP15731890 A EP 15731890A EP 3160595 B1 EP3160595 B1 EP 3160595B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
valve
oxygen
pulse
mask
tube
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP15731890.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3160595A1 (en
Inventor
Colin Ian Campbell
Paul Norman TREVENA
Barry Wood
Jean-Michel Cazenave
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Application filed by Air Liquide SA, LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical Air Liquide SA
Publication of EP3160595A1 publication Critical patent/EP3160595A1/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B7/00—Respiratory apparatus
    • A62B7/14—Respiratory apparatus for high-altitude aircraft

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an emergency oxygen supply system.
  • Emergency oxygen supply systems are provided in aircraft, to enable passengers and crew to breath without loss of consciousness in event of loss of cabin pressure at elevated altitude.
  • Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus is known, particularly in the form used under-water by divers as Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus - hence the acronym SCUBA.
  • SCUBA Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus
  • Such apparatus releases air via a demand valve on breathing in by the user and provides all the air required for the user to breath, as is of course necessary underwater, but not in an aircraft at elevated altitude where the air is simply too thin.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a more economic, purely mechanical, pulse, emergency oxygen supply system for aircraft.
  • an emergency oxygen supply system comprising: a source of compressed oxygen, means for releasing oxygen from the source in response to (in case of) a drop in air pressure, at least one oxygen mask, a respective mechanical breath-actuated valves for releasing a pulse of oxygen into the or each mask and a pressure reducer for releasing oxygen from the source into an intermediate reservoir upstream of the breath-actuated, pulse valves.
  • each mask has a pair of conventional non-return valves to the ambient atmosphere, a first valve called “inhalation valve” is provided for allowing the user to draw in the mask ambient air, for inhalation with oxygen, whilst a second valve called “exhalation valve” is provided for allowing exhalation from the mask to ambient, and each mask is supplied with oxygen via a respective oxygen supply tube, the intermediate reservoir or at least part of it is provided as the internal volume of the respective tube(s),
  • the mechanical breath-actuated valve is a "pulse valve” of the type that opens on pressure reduction in the mask, induced by inhalation causing a pressure differential across the inhalation valve, the opening of mechanical breath actuated valve allowing the oxygen stored in the tube to be released as a pulse into the mask and, on release of the pulse, the mechanical breath-actuated valve closes again for accumulation of a fresh pulse's worth of oxygen in the tube, wherein the breath-actuated pulse valve being configured so that the negative pressure occurring when the user takes a breath at which the
  • the components of the system will be for aircraft use and housed in a dedicated compartment in the base of luggage bins above passenger seating, with means for releasing the or each mask to a user in response to a drop in air pressure.
  • the breath-actuated pulse valve(s) in the compartment with a pressure reducer and a respective intermediate reservoir upstream of each mask's pulse valve, with a tube to the mask downstream of the pulse valve; in the preferred embodiment, the or each pulse valve is arranged at the mask.
  • the intermediate reservoir or at least part of it is provided as the internal volume of the respective tube to the or each mask.
  • the pressure reducer can be a single pressure regulator for supplying multiple tubes for multiple masks, or indeed a respective regulator for each tube.
  • the or each regulator will normally be throttled to ensure that the amount of oxygen released as each pulse is not significantly augmented, during release of the oxygen in the tube as a pulse, by flow through the regulator prior to closure of the pulse valve for accumulation of the next pulse in the tube.
  • the pressure reducer can be a simple throttle supplying multiple tubes, or indeed a respective throttle for each tube, the throttle being sized to increase the pressure in the tube(s) to at least that appropriate to refill the tube during a normal breathing period.
  • the source of oxygen will normally be a bottle or cylinder housed in a compartment also housing the mask(s) ready for release, it can include a pipe to the compartment from a remote bottle or cylinder(s).
  • the source of compressed oxygen may contain compressed pure gaseous oxygen or an oxygen rich mixture of gases.
  • a first pulse augmenter may be provided.
  • this comprises a reservoir arranged to be filled with oxygen for the first pulse and isolated thereafter by a shut off valve actuated by differential pressure resulting from release of the first pulse.
  • each first pulse augmenter comprises a throttle in a passage from the pressure regulator to the respective pulse valve, downstream of the throttle a branch passage leading to the augmenter reservoir arranged to fill prior to a first pulse being released by the pulse valve, a further passage leading from upstream of the throttle to one side of a augmenter diaphragm, the other side of the augmenter diaphragm being open to the branch passage, the diaphragm carrying an obturator arranged to engage with and close an orifice across the branch passage between intermediate the passage and the reservoir, the obturator being initially held out of the orifice by a spring so that, prior to a first breath taken by a user of the respective mask, the augmenter reservoir and the tube are filled with oxygen via the branch passage and, when the user takes the first breath, the pulse valve allows oxygen in the tube and the reservoir into the mask as an augmented first pulse, the throttle generating a build up of pressure on the further passage side of the diaphragm before the pressure rises in the branch passage causing
  • a barometric pulse compensation valve may be provided.
  • the oxygen reservoir has an adjustable volume and/or pressure depending upon the barometric pressure thus providing a variable volume pulse to the mask.
  • an altimetric sensing device may adjust the pressure and/or flow from pressure regulator 15 into tube 5.
  • a further refinement could link the barometric pressure to the pressure regulator to adjust the pressure of the oxygen supplied to the oxygen reservoir.
  • an emergency oxygen system compartment 1 has an oxygen cylinder 2 with a oxygen flow pressure reducer release valve 3. Housed in the compartment are a plurality of masks 4 having respective oxygen supply tubes 5.
  • a closure flap 6 is retained by a barometric latch 7 which can be a solenoid released latch, wired to a central barometric switch 8 applying power to and the aircraft's solenoids in the event of cabin pressure reduction. Release of the closure flap 6 releases the masks 4 for passengers to grasp and use.
  • a barometric latch 7 which can be a solenoid released latch, wired to a central barometric switch 8 applying power to and the aircraft's solenoids in the event of cabin pressure reduction. Release of the closure flap 6 releases the masks 4 for passengers to grasp and use.
  • Each mask 4 has a pair of conventional non-return valves 11, 12 to the ambient atmosphere.
  • Inhalation valve 11 allows the user to draw in ambient air, for inhalation with oxygen as described below, whilst exhalation valve 12 allows exhalation to ambient.
  • the mask 4 also carries a pulse valve 14 connected to its tube 5 and opening into the mask.
  • the pulse valve 14 is of the type that opens on pressure reduction in the mask, induced by inhalation causing a pressure differential across the inhalation valve.
  • the mechanical breath-actuated valve may include has a housing including a gas intake portion, an intermediate portion, and a gas outlet portion; a movable valve stem between the intake and intermediate portions, a spring biasing the stem towards the closed position; with the outlet portion having an exterior surface with a gas outlet opening located therein. That is to say, the mechanical breath-actuated valve allow passage of oxygen into the mask when relative negative pressure is sensed into the mask at the downstream outlet of said mechanical breath-actuated valve during inhalation. Oxygen contained in a reservoir portion of said mechanical breath-actuated valve is then allowed to flow through the downstream outlet of the valve. Thus a discrete volume of oxygen in a form of a pulse is provided by the mechanical breath-actuated valve into the mask very rapidly and before inhalation.
  • the flow of oxygen in the mask terminates when the reservoir portion of said mechanical breath-actuated valve is depleted. When this occurs the mechanical breath-actuated valve closes and the reservoir portion of said mechanical breath-actuated valve begins to refill.
  • the negative pressure occurring when the user takes a breath at which the mechanical breath-actuated valve 14 is activated produces a flow of oxygen that operates before the inhalation valve opens.
  • positive pressure in the mask occurs and flow from mechanical breath-actuated valve 14 has already ceased as exhalation valve 12 opens.
  • the mechanical breath-actuated (pulse) valve may be the type of the one disclosed in documents US20150040906A1 .
  • Opening of this valve 14 allows the oxygen stored in the tube 5 to be released as a pulse into the mask 4.
  • the pulse valve 14 closes again for accumulation of a fresh pulse worth of oxygen in the tube 5.
  • the tube 5 acts as a reservoir determining how much oxygen is to be released as each successive pulse.
  • a pressure reducer 15 is connected at the compartment end of each tube 5. This can be a pressure regulator or a simple throttle. It allows oxygen to flow into the tube 5 to a pressure such that, taking account of the volume of the tube 5, it acts as a reservoir for each pulse released by the pulse valve 14.
  • the pressure downstream the pressure reducer 15 can be set between 2 bar and 10 bar with a preferred pressure between 4 bar and 7 bar.
  • the tube 5 volume may have a volume between 10 ml and 80 ml, with a preferred volume between 15 ml and 50 ml, for supplying gas to one mask 14.
  • the tube(s) 5 may be flexible and made of PVC.
  • the oxygen release valve 3 Upstream of the pressure regulators 15 is the oxygen release valve 3.
  • This may have a body 21 clamping a diaphragm 22 to a seat 23 in a mouth of the cylinder 2.
  • the body carries for example a spring loaded pin 24 held from piercing the diaphragm 22 by a withdrawable yoke 25.
  • This is connected by a cord 26 to each of the masks 4 of a length to hold up the released masks 4 just short of the passengers needing to use it, whereby grasping of a mask 4 pulls the yoke 25 clear of the pin 24, releasing it to release oxygen.
  • the body has a passageway 27 from the region of the pin's piercing end to a union 28 to a pipe 29 leading oxygen to the pressure regulator 15.
  • the body also carries a spring loaded plunger 31, which bears on the middle of the diaphragm 22.
  • the outer end of the plunger 31 is connected to a flag 32. Should the pressure of the oxygen in the cylinder 2 drop through leakage, the plunger 3 deflects the diaphragm 22 and this is witnessed by the flag 32.
  • first pulse augmenters 41 can be provided downstream from the pressure regulator 15.
  • Each oxygen supply tube 5 may have a first pulse augmenter 41. These can be provided in the compartment 1 at the feed into the tube 5. Alternatively, they can be provided at the respective masks 4.
  • each first pulse augmenter 41 may have a throttle 42 in a passage 43 from the pressure regulator 15 to the respective pulse valve 14. Downstream of the throttle 42 a branch passage 44 leads to an augmenter reservoir 45 arranged to fill prior to a first pulse being released by the pulse valve 14. A further passage 46 leads from upstream of the throttle 42 to one side of a diaphragm 47. The other side of the diaphragm 47 is open to the branch passage 44.
  • the diaphragm 47 carries a cone 48 arranged to engage with and close an orifice 49 across the branch passage 44 between intermediate the passage 43 and the reservoir 45. Initially the cone 48 is help out of the orifice 49 by a spring latch 50.
  • the reservoir 45 and the tube 5 are filled with oxygen via the passage 44.
  • the pulse valve 14 allows oxygen in the tube 5 and the reservoir 45 into the mask 4 as an augmented first pulse.
  • the result due to the throttle 42 is a build up of pressure on the further passage 43 side of the diaphragm 47 before the pressure rises in the branch passage 44. This causes a differential pressure across the diaphragm 47, causing it to move with seating of the cone 48 in the orifice 49.
  • the reservoir 45 is then not filled and is not available to augment subsequent oxygen pulses.
  • the spring latch 50 comprises a U shaped, spring clip 51 which engages as a detent in a groove 52 in backing member of the cone 48, with the diaphragm 47 captive between the cone 48 and the backing member.
  • the free end 53 of the backing member is conical.
  • the clip 51 is held by an abutment 54 and passed in an over-centre manner over the ridge 55 between the groove and conical end 53.
  • the spring clip 51 acts on the conical end to keep the shut off valve comprised by the cone 48 and the orifice 49 closed.
  • the supply tube 5 fills for each successive pulse, it is the volume of the tube which determines the amount of oxygen in each pulse.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
EP15731890.8A 2014-06-24 2015-06-22 Emergency oxygen supply system Active EP3160595B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB1411199.1A GB201411199D0 (en) 2014-06-24 2014-06-24 Emergency oxygen supply system
PCT/EP2015/063953 WO2015197542A1 (en) 2014-06-24 2015-06-22 Emergency oxygen supply system

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3160595A1 EP3160595A1 (en) 2017-05-03
EP3160595B1 true EP3160595B1 (en) 2023-08-09

Family

ID=51410033

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15731890.8A Active EP3160595B1 (en) 2014-06-24 2015-06-22 Emergency oxygen supply system

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3160595B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN106550594B (zh)
BR (1) BR112016030015B1 (zh)
CA (1) CA2958731C (zh)
ES (1) ES2960622T3 (zh)
GB (1) GB201411199D0 (zh)
RU (1) RU2675333C1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2015197542A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3539620B1 (en) * 2018-03-15 2021-06-09 Safran Aerotechnics A system and a method for delivering breathing gas to passengers on-board an aircraft
CA3040714A1 (en) * 2018-04-18 2019-10-18 Zodiac Aerotechnics An emergency oxygen system for aircraft with switching device and a method of operating an emergency oxygen system
CN109646782B (zh) * 2018-12-29 2024-03-22 惠州市美亚飞电器有限公司 一种手动脉冲供氧装置及其使用方法
US11390385B2 (en) * 2019-04-05 2022-07-19 Rockwell Collins, Inc. Passenger oxygen mask drop zone extender
US20210299483A1 (en) * 2020-03-26 2021-09-30 The Boeing Company Apparatus, System, and Method for Pressure Altitude-Compensating Breath-Controlled Oxygen Release
CN115317820A (zh) * 2022-07-25 2022-11-11 浙江吉利控股集团有限公司 车载给氧救生设备和车辆

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3981302A (en) * 1975-02-26 1976-09-21 Robertshaw Controls Company Emergency breathing means
US4909247A (en) * 1988-05-06 1990-03-20 Figgie International, Inc. Aircraft emergency breathing assembly
FR2684954B1 (fr) * 1991-12-13 1996-05-24 Eros Gie Installation de protection respiratoire pour passagers d'aeronef.
CN2165877Y (zh) * 1993-01-20 1994-05-25 抚顺煤矿安全仪器厂 化学氧自救器的贮气式启动装置
RU2036673C1 (ru) * 1993-04-08 1995-06-09 Марк Александрович Ивянский Дыхательный аппарат
FR2832639B1 (fr) * 2001-11-28 2004-07-02 Intertechnique Sa Procede et dispositif de protection des passagers d'un aeronef contre l'hypoxie
US7588032B2 (en) * 2004-12-08 2009-09-15 Be Intellectual Proeprty, Inc. Oxygen conservation system for commercial aircraft
WO2007054122A1 (en) * 2005-11-09 2007-05-18 Intertechnique Oxygen supplying circuit for an aicraft crew member
WO2008138930A2 (en) * 2007-05-14 2008-11-20 Airbus Operations Gmbh Oxygen supply system for an aircraft

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2015197542A1 (en) 2015-12-30
RU2675333C1 (ru) 2018-12-18
ES2960622T3 (es) 2024-03-05
CN106550594A (zh) 2017-03-29
BR112016030015A2 (pt) 2017-08-22
GB201411199D0 (en) 2014-08-06
CA2958731C (en) 2022-03-29
CN106550594B (zh) 2021-03-30
BR112016030015B1 (pt) 2022-05-17
EP3160595A1 (en) 2017-05-03
CA2958731A1 (en) 2015-12-30

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