EP3075453B1 - Device for grinding material, in particular of medical waste material - Google Patents

Device for grinding material, in particular of medical waste material Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3075453B1
EP3075453B1 EP16000664.9A EP16000664A EP3075453B1 EP 3075453 B1 EP3075453 B1 EP 3075453B1 EP 16000664 A EP16000664 A EP 16000664A EP 3075453 B1 EP3075453 B1 EP 3075453B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
feed plate
shredding rotor
shredding
blade
rotor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP16000664.9A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3075453A1 (en
Inventor
Martin Friz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Weima Maschinenbau GmbH
Original Assignee
Weima Maschinenbau GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Weima Maschinenbau GmbH filed Critical Weima Maschinenbau GmbH
Publication of EP3075453A1 publication Critical patent/EP3075453A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3075453B1 publication Critical patent/EP3075453B1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C18/22—Feed or discharge means
    • B02C18/2225—Feed means
    • B02C18/2275—Feed means using a rotating arm
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/0084—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments specially adapted for disintegrating garbage, waste or sewage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/08—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within vertical containers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/14—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers
    • B02C18/145—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers with knives spaced axially and circumferentially on the periphery of a cylindrical rotor unit
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C18/22—Feed or discharge means
    • B02C18/2225—Feed means
    • B02C18/2233—Feed means of ram or pusher type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
    • B02C19/0056—Other disintegrating devices or methods specially adapted for specific materials not otherwise provided for
    • B02C19/0075—Other disintegrating devices or methods specially adapted for specific materials not otherwise provided for specially adapted for disintegrating medical waste
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C2018/168—User safety devices or measures in shredders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C18/18—Knives; Mountings thereof
    • B02C2018/188—Stationary counter-knives; Mountings thereof

Definitions

  • Such devices for shredding are known as large-volume shredding machines with powerful drives for the shredding rotor and are used, for example, in the wood industry or waste management.
  • a shredding machine in which a slide is displaceable over a cylindrically curved base and presses the material to be shredded against the rotor
  • Such a crushing device is also from JPH08290075 A known.
  • a shredding machine is also disclosed with a feed wall fixedly mounted in a housing, the upper edge of which adjoins a loading window on the housing.
  • the feed wall is inclined in such a way that material to be comminuted that is fed through the feed window slides down on its surface.
  • the material to be shredded is fed to a pusher which presses it against the circumferential surface of a shredding rotor.
  • the object of the invention is to create a comminuting device which is more flexible with regard to the supply of the material to be comminuted.
  • the inventors have recognized that, in particular in the case of smaller shredding machines designed for drive motors with lower rated powers, a better metering of the material supply is necessary compared to the previous supply methods. Otherwise too much material gets between the knives and the counter knives at once, which increases the power consumption of the drive motor of the shredding rotor. In addition, with smaller shredding machines there is an increased risk that the shredding rotor will block if too much material is fed in at once.
  • the shredding machine is a shredding machine with which medical waste is to be shredded in hospitals in the immediate vicinity of patient rooms and operating areas. Because there is generally only a 230 volt single-phase power supply available so that the maximum power of the drive motor is around 3.5 kW. Alternatively, the device according to the invention can also be supplied with 400 V and have a drive power of 5.5 kW. Both pure electric motors and hydraulic motors are conceivable as drive motors. Further areas of application which come into consideration for the device according to the invention are, for example, the chopping up of leftover food or information carriers (paper files, electronic data carriers, etc.).
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that when the feed plate of a shredding device is rotatably mounted and its position can be controlled, it can take over several functions within the shredding device.
  • the feed plate can be used as a chute with a variable pitch, whereby the material feed can be controlled in the direction of the shredding rotor.
  • the feed plate can be used as a presser so that the material to be shredded can be grasped by the shredding rotor as quickly as possible. In this way, by integrating both functions in a single component, a cost-effective construction and operation of the device can be achieved.
  • the feed plate can be swiveled over its swivel axis with respect to the shredding rotor.
  • feed plate should not necessarily be understood to mean a plane-parallel plate. Rather, it is a component that has at least one main surface on which the material to be shredded can slide in the direction of the shredding rotor.
  • the geometry of the feed plate can also be adapted to the circumference of the shredding rotor.
  • the axis of rotation of the shredding rotor and the pivot axis of the feed plate will be arranged parallel to one another.
  • the slope of the first main surface of the feed plate relative to the horizontal can be varied at least in the range of approximately 15 ° to 25 °, preferably 10 ° to 45 °, again preferably 5 ° to 85 °.
  • the feed rate with which the material to be shredded is fed to the shredding rotor can be controlled in a simple manner, steplessly and as required.
  • the supply of material to the shredding rotor can be stopped completely.
  • the shredding rotor can be operated in both directions of rotation.
  • the axis of rotation of the shredding rotor and the pivot axis of the feed plate define a plane that divides the device into two sub-areas and that the first counter-knife is located in the first sub-area and a second counter-knife is located in the second sub-area.
  • the plane forms an acute angle with the Vertical closes.
  • the asymmetrical geometry of the cutting space results in a different cutting behavior of the device in the two directions of rotation.
  • the feed plate is rotatably mounted at one end about the pivot axis. This results in a greater effective length of the main surface of the feed plate with which it presses the material to be shredded against the shredding rotor. In this way, in the plane of the feed plate, the greatest possible passage space for the medical waste material is created between the pivot axis and the housing of the device.
  • such a passage space can also be advantageous between the pivot axis and the surface of the shredding rotor.
  • the axis of rotation of the shredding rotor and the pivot axis of the feed plate are spaced from one another in such a way that when the direction of rotation of the shredding rotor changes, the material to be shredded can be fed to the second counter knife.
  • the material to be shredded passes through the created passage space into the second sub-area of the device.
  • the feed plate can also be expedient for the feed plate to be brought into an intermediate position so that it forms a kind of funnel together with the shredding rotor, which guides the material to be shredded.
  • the feed plate is in a second pressing position can be brought about, in which the material to be shredded is pressed against the shredding rotor with a second main surface of the feed plate and is shredded between the knife and the second counter knife.
  • the feed plate is rotated about its pivot axis in the opposite direction.
  • the feed plate can thus be used like a kind of "flipper" to press on when the shredding rotor rotates in one or the other direction of rotation.
  • a different cutting geometry can be provided on the second counter knife than on the first counter knife, in particular because the second counter knife is not arranged radially to the shredding rotor.
  • the feed plate has a swivel range of at least 200 °, in particular of at least 270 °, about the swivel axis.
  • a large pivoting range of the feed plate is accompanied by a large distance between the pivot axis and the shredding rotor.
  • a large circumferential area of the shredding rotor can be used.
  • due to the larger volume between the feed plate and the comminuting rotor due to the larger volume between the feed plate and the comminuting rotor, a larger amount of material to be comminuted can be fed to the device at once.
  • a control device which the actuator of the feed plate and controls the shredding rotor in such a way that the power consumption of the shredding rotor does not exceed the maximum power specification.
  • the control device can vary the slope of the main surface of the feed plate depending on the power consumption of the drive motor of the shredding rotor in the feed position and / or vary the contact pressure of the material on the shredding rotor in the pressure position by setting different angular positions.
  • the control device can also change the direction of rotation of the shredding rotor and its setpoint speed and thereby pivot the feed plate into the second pressure position.
  • 10 denotes a device as a whole, with which material, here medical waste material 12, can be comminuted.
  • the device 10 makes it possible in hospitals not to convey medical waste by cleaning staff via corridors and elevators to a collection room in the basement, as was previously the case, but to shred it on site.
  • the shredded material can then be transported to the basement via an existing sewer system, where a sewage treatment plant removes the material from the wastewater and prepares it for final disposal. This significantly reduces the germ load in hospitals.
  • the device 10 has a housing 14 with a feed opening 16 which can be closed with a lockable flap 17. This allows easy loading from the front or of the page.
  • a displaceable door (not specifically shown) can alternatively be provided, which can be displaced, for example, between an open and a closed position.
  • an operator protection device in the form of a collecting plate 18, a pivotable feed plate 20 and a shredding rotor 22 are arranged, the axis of rotation 30 of which is arranged perpendicular to the plane of the drawing of the figures.
  • the feed opening 16 is shown here to the side with respect to the axis of rotation 30 of the shredding rotor 22, depending on the spatial requirements, it can also be arranged on a side of the housing 14 that is perpendicular to the shredding rotor 22.
  • the shredding rotor 22 has a substantially cylindrical shape and is only supported by one in Figure 1 drive motor 23 shown schematically.
  • the shredding rotor 22 carries knives 32 which protrude in the radial direction. These work together with a first counter knife 24, which here is arranged horizontally a little below the axis of rotation 30 on the circumference of the shredding rotor 22 and thus essentially radially to the axis of rotation 30 of the shredding rotor 22.
  • a second counter knife 26 is offset by approximately 160 ° with respect to the circumference, ie here also arranged horizontally somewhat above the axis of rotation 30, so that the second counter knife 26 is not aligned radially to the axis of rotation 30.
  • the shredding rotor 22 is delimited in a lower circumferential area between the first counter knife 24 and the second counter knife 26 by a perforated screen 28, which is radially spaced from the shredding rotor 22 and with this forms a circumferential gap in which the knives 32 are still between the shredding rotor 22 and perforated screen 28 can walk through it.
  • the medical waste material 12 can be fed to the shredding rotor 22 in the upper, free circumferential area between the counter knives 24, 26.
  • the knives 32 When they rotate about the axis of rotation 30, the knives 32 are in engagement with the first counter knife 24 and the second counter knife 26 and comminute the medical waste material 12 supplied in such a way that it can fall through the perforated screen 28.
  • the feed plate 20 is arranged above the shredding rotor 22.
  • the feed plate 20 has a first main surface 34 and a second main surface 36 and is mounted rotatably about a pivot axis 38 running essentially parallel to the main surfaces 34 and 36.
  • the pivot axis 38 is also arranged essentially parallel to the axis of rotation 30 of the shredding rotor 22.
  • the feed plate 20 is effective in a manner not shown with a likewise only in Figure 1
  • the actuator 25 shown is connected, with the aid of which the angular position of the feed plate 20 about the pivot axis 38 can be varied.
  • the swivel range 21 (cf. Figure 2 ) of the feed plate 20 covers at least 200 ° above the shredding rotor 22.
  • Both the drive motor 23 and the actuator 25 are connected to a control device 27 which initiates the different operating modes.
  • a two-part collecting device 40 which comprises two collecting flaps 42, such as the one Figures 7 and 8 demonstrate.
  • the collecting plate 18 of the operator protection device is arranged between the feed opening 16 and the feed plate 20 and locked in an essentially horizontal position in which the collecting plate 18 extends essentially to the housing walls and thus covers the shredding rotor 22.
  • a safety circuit ensures that the lockable flap 17 at the feed opening 16 of the device 10 can only be opened when the collecting plate 18 is in this overlapping position.
  • the collecting plate 18 thus prevents intervention by the operating personnel and at the same time serves as a support for the medical waste material 12 fed through the feed opening 16 of the device 10.
  • the collecting plate 18 which is not provided in previously known shredding machines, makes it possible to dispense with providing a circumferential protective wall above the shredding rotor 22.
  • Conventional shredding machines must therefore are always filled from above and build tall, so they can only be used in factory buildings. The use of the collecting plate 18 thus allows it to be used in normal rooms such as, for example, in hospital rooms.
  • the Figure 1 illustrates a first embodiment of the device 10 in a rest position. Medical waste material 12 was fed into the device through feed opening 16. This lies on the collecting plate 18, which in the present exemplary embodiment is mounted horizontally above the feed plate 20.
  • the collecting plate 18 is brought into a vertical storage position with a pivoting movement, in which it remains during the comminution process. In doing so, the medical waste material 12 falls as in FIG Figure 2 shown on the first major surface 34 of the feed plate 20.
  • the shredding rotor 22 is then set in rotation (in Figure 2 clockwise).
  • the feed plate 20 is gradually rotated clockwise from its horizontal rest position about the pivot axis 38.
  • the collecting plate 18 has reached its storage position, the medical waste material 12 slides along the first main surface 34 and is fed to the shredding rotor 22 as required.
  • the medical waste material 12 comes into contact with the knives 32 of the shredding rotor 22, is taken along and cut into smaller pieces at the first counter knife 24 at the latest. Once the smaller pieces have reached a certain minimum size, they can fall through the perforated screen 28 and be disposed of.
  • the control device 27 monitors the speed and power consumption of the drive motor 23 and ensures that the slope of the feed plate 20 is adjusted accordingly in order to prevent excessive power consumption or blocking of the shredding rotor 22.
  • a further metering functionality of the feed plate 20 can also be achieved in that the waste material 12 to be shredded is specifically clamped between the housing 14 and the feed plate 20, as is the case with FIG Figure 3 shows. This can be particularly relevant when the waste material 12 is supplied in sacks or the like.
  • the feed plate 20 starting from the horizontal rest position, is pivoted in such a way that the waste material 12 to be shredded rests on the shredding rotor 22.
  • the waste material 12 or the sack in which it is located, is between the feed plate 12 and a housing wall - or as in FIG Figure 3 -
  • the collecting plate 18 is clamped.
  • the material 12 can be pressed against the shredding rotor 22. If an increased power consumption is determined, the pressing force is reduced or removed.
  • the Figure 4 illustrates how the feed plate 20 is used as a pressing device for this purpose.
  • the control device 27 first swivels the feed plate 20 from the feed position, in which the waste material 12 rests essentially on the first main surface 34, into the first pressing position, in which the feed plate 20 with the first main surface 34 in the Figure 4 presses on the waste material 12 essentially from above.
  • the feed plate 20 exerts a pressure force on the medical waste material 12, which is directed essentially in the direction perpendicular to the first main surface 34.
  • the supply of the medical waste material 12 is further facilitated by the fact that the housing 14 has curved walls in the vicinity of the shredding rotor 22, these walls running out essentially radially to the shredding rotor.
  • the present exemplary embodiment also provides that the comminution rotor 22 is operated in both directions. This is in Figure 5 shown, in which the shredding rotor 22 is shown running counterclockwise.
  • the knives 32 on the shredding rotor 22 are double-edged for this purpose.
  • the pivot axis 38 and the axis of rotation 30 form a plane that divides the housing into two sub-areas divides.
  • the shredding rotor 22 is arranged eccentrically on the housing 14, so that the plane formed by the pivot axis 38 and the rotation axis 30 forms an angle ⁇ with the vertical.
  • This enables the device 10 to be constructed asymmetrically with respect to the plane, as a result of which the two partial areas are designed to be geometrically unequal.
  • a different intake behavior of the waste material 12 in relation to the respective housing wall and counter knife 24, 26 is generated, which can contribute to more efficient comminution.
  • the pivot axis 38 of the feed plate 20 and the axis of rotation 30 of the shredding rotor 22 are at a distance that is greater than the radius of the shredding rotor 22, a passage space is created between the cylindrical shredding rotor 22 and the pivot axis 38.
  • the medical waste material 12 will then be taken along by the shredding rotor 22 and fed to the second counter knife 26 through the passage space. If the pressing force of the feed plate 20 is removed and the feed plate 20 is pivoted in a counterclockwise direction and locked in an intermediate position, the feed plate 20 together with the surface of the shredding rotor 22 forms a funnel.
  • the medical waste material 12 slides along the first main surface 34 of the feed plate 20.
  • the funnel function can also be achieved by simply removing the pressing force in the first pressing position of the feed plate 20, without locking in a defined intermediate position being necessary.
  • the feed plate 20 is pivoted in the counterclockwise direction so far that it can press against the medical waste material 12 with its second main surface 36, as shown in FIG Figure 6 shows.
  • the pressing force here acts perpendicular to the second main surface 36 of the feed plate 20.
  • the forces acting on the medical waste material 12 can lead to an undesired compression of the medical waste material 12 during operation.
  • a further reversal of the direction of rotation of the shredding rotor 22 is provided in a further step.
  • the feed plate 20 again acts together with the surface of the shredding rotor 22 like a funnel, the second main surface 36 serving here as a guide element for the medical waste material 12.
  • the medical waste material 12 is transferred again from the second sub-area into the first sub-area of the device 10.
  • the feed plate 20 is brought into its first contact position.
  • Control device 27 can be determined, for example, by a load torque increase on drive motor 23 of shredding rotor 22. Such an increase in load torque may indicate compaction of the medical waste material 12.
  • the operator protection device is as shown in FIGS Figures 7 and 8 shown, formed from two collecting flaps 40, 42 arranged horizontally in their rest position.
  • the collecting flaps 40, 42 are pivotably mounted on a common axis 44 which runs essentially parallel to the axis of rotation 30 and the pivot axis 38.
  • the distance between the axis 44 and the pivot axis 38 is at least as large as the length of the feed plate 20, so that it can be pivoted between its first pressing position and its second pressing position without hindrance.
  • a collecting flap 42 is opened by pivoting it downward. If the collecting flap 42 has been pivoted further and removed from the pivoting range of the feed plate 20, the medical waste material 12 can be fed to the shredding rotor 22, as shown in FIG.
  • the open collecting flap 42 can be pivoted back into its rest position.
  • the fall arrest device can also fulfill its safety function during operation.
  • a collecting plate 18 or collecting flaps 40, 42 can be dispensed with. So that an operator protection function is nevertheless ensured, the open position of the lockable flap 17 can only be reached in this case when the shredding rotor 22 is not moving.
  • electrical and / or mechanical monitoring devices can be provided which, in combination with the lockable flap 17, form the operator protection device.
  • material is preferably supplied during operation when the supply plate 20 is in its supply position. This enables the medical waste material 12 to be comminuted to be metered.
  • the device 10 can have an intermediate ceiling 50 above the opening 16.
  • nozzles 52 are arranged with which disinfectant and cleaning water can be sprayed into the device 10. In this way, the device 10 can be disinfected and rinsed out from time to time.
  • a camera 54 can be arranged in the false ceiling 50, which camera documents the destruction of a specific information carrier.
  • the feed plate 20 is provided with pressure wedges 56 and 58 on both sides at its end remote from the pivot axis 38.
  • the Pressure wedges 56 and 58 make it possible to bring the surface of the feed plate 20 that is effective when it is pressed closer to the cylindrical comminuting rotor 22.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)

Description

HINTERGRUND DER ERFINDUNGBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Gebiet der Erfindung1. Field of the invention

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Zerkleinern von Material, insbesondere von medizinischem Abfallmaterial, mit

  1. a) einem Zerkleinerungsrotor, der um eine Drehachse umläuft und mindestens ein Messer trägt, und mit
  2. b) einem ersten Gegenmesser, das mit dem Messer des Zerkleinerungsrotors zusammenarbeitet.
The invention relates to a device for comminuting material, in particular medical waste material, with
  1. a) a shredding rotor that rotates around an axis of rotation and carries at least one knife, and with
  2. b) a first counter knife that works together with the knife of the shredding rotor.

2. Beschreibung des Standes der Technik2. Description of the prior art

Derartige Vorrichtungen zum Zerkleinern sind als großvolumige Zerkleinerungsmaschinen mit leistungsstarken Antrieben für den Zerkleinerungsrotor bekannt und werden beispielsweise in der Holzindustrie oder der Abfallwirtschaft eingesetzt.Such devices for shredding are known as large-volume shredding machines with powerful drives for the shredding rotor and are used, for example, in the wood industry or waste management.

Für diese Zerkleinerungsmaschinen haben sich verschiedene Methoden entwickelt, wie das zu zerkleinernde Material an den Zerkleinerungsrotor herangeführt bzw. zwischen die Messer und die Gegenmesser gebracht wird.Various methods have been developed for these shredding machines, how the material to be shredded is brought to the shredding rotor or brought between the knives and the counter knives.

So ist beispielsweise aus der DE 200 11 402 U1 eine Zerkleinerungsmaschine bekannt, bei der ein Schieber über einem zylindrisch gebogenen Boden verschiebbar ist und das zu zerkleinernde Material gegen den Rotor drücktFor example, from the DE 200 11 402 U1 a shredding machine is known in which a slide is displaceable over a cylindrically curved base and presses the material to be shredded against the rotor

Eine derartige Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung ist auch von JPH08290075 A bekannt.Such a crushing device is also from JPH08290075 A known.

Aus der EP 1 048 353 A1 ist ferner eine Zerkleinerungsmaschine mit einer ortsfest in einem Gehäuse angebrachte Zuführwand offenbart, die mit ihrem oberen Rand an einem Beschickungsfenster am Gehäuse angrenzt. Die Zuführwand ist derart geneigt angestellt, dass durch das Beschickungsfenster zugeführtes zu zerkleinerndes Material auf ihrer Oberfläche hinunterrutscht. Am unteren Rand der Zuführwand wird das zu zerkleinernde Material einem Stopfer zugeführt, welcher es gegen die Umfangsfläche eines Zerkleinerungsrotors drückt.From the EP 1 048 353 A1 a shredding machine is also disclosed with a feed wall fixedly mounted in a housing, the upper edge of which adjoins a loading window on the housing. The feed wall is inclined in such a way that material to be comminuted that is fed through the feed window slides down on its surface. At the lower edge of the feed wall, the material to be shredded is fed to a pusher which presses it against the circumferential surface of a shredding rotor.

Nachteilig an bisher bekannten Zerkleinerungsmaschinen ist, dass sich die Zufuhr des zu zerkleinernden Materials zum Rotor nur schlecht dosieren lässt.The disadvantage of previously known shredding machines is that the feed of the material to be shredded to the rotor can only be metered with difficulty.

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG DER ERFINDUNGSUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung zu schaffen, die hinsichtlich der Zufuhr des zu zerkleinernden Materials flexibler ist.The object of the invention is to create a comminuting device which is more flexible with regard to the supply of the material to be comminuted.

Diese Aufgabe wird mit einer Vorrichtung gemäß dem Anspruch gelöst.This object is achieved with a device according to the claim.

Die Erfinder haben erkannt, dass insbesondere bei kleineren Zerkleinerungsmaschinen, die für Antriebsmotoren mit kleineren Nennleistungen ausgelegt sind, eine gegenüber den bisherigen Zufuhrmethoden bessere Dosierung der Materialzufuhr notwendig ist. Ansonsten gerät zu viel Material auf einmal zwischen die Messer und die Gegenmesser, wodurch sich Leistungsaufnahme des Antriebsmotors des Zerkleinerungsrotors erhöht. Zudem besteht bei kleineren Zerkleinerungsmaschinen eine erhöhte Gefahr, dass der Zerkleinerungsrotor blockiert, wenn zu viel Material auf einmal zugeführt wird.The inventors have recognized that, in particular in the case of smaller shredding machines designed for drive motors with lower rated powers, a better metering of the material supply is necessary compared to the previous supply methods. Otherwise too much material gets between the knives and the counter knives at once, which increases the power consumption of the drive motor of the shredding rotor. In addition, with smaller shredding machines there is an increased risk that the shredding rotor will block if too much material is fed in at once.

Dies stellt insbesondere dann ein Problem dar, wenn die Zerkleinerungsmaschine wie in den weiter unten erläuterten Ausführungsbeispielen eine Zerkleinerungsmaschine ist, mit der medizinischer Abfall in Krankenhäusern in unmittelbarer Nähe zu den Patientenzimmern und Operationsbereichen zerkleinert werden soll. Denn dort steht generell nur eine 230 Volt Einphasenstromversorgung zur Verfügung, sodass die Maximalleistung des Antriebsmotors bei etwa 3,5 kW liegt. Alternativ kann die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung auch mit 400 V versorgt werden und eine Antriebsleistung von 5,5 kW aufweisen. Als Antriebsmotoren sind hierbei sowohl reine Elektromotoren als auch Hydraulikmotoren denkbar. Weitere Einsatzgebiete, die für die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung in Betracht kommen, sind beispielsweise das Zerkleinern von Lebensmittelresten oder von Informationsträgern (Papierakten, elektronische Datenträger usw.).This represents a problem in particular when the shredding machine, as in the exemplary embodiments explained below, is a shredding machine with which medical waste is to be shredded in hospitals in the immediate vicinity of patient rooms and operating areas. Because there is generally only a 230 volt single-phase power supply available so that the maximum power of the drive motor is around 3.5 kW. Alternatively, the device according to the invention can also be supplied with 400 V and have a drive power of 5.5 kW. Both pure electric motors and hydraulic motors are conceivable as drive motors. Further areas of application which come into consideration for the device according to the invention are, for example, the chopping up of leftover food or information carriers (paper files, electronic data carriers, etc.).

Die Erfindung beruht auf der Erkenntnis, dass dann, wenn die Zuführplatte einer Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung drehbar gelagert ist und ihre Position steuerbar ist, diese mehrere Funktionen innerhalb der Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung übernehmen kann.The invention is based on the knowledge that when the feed plate of a shredding device is rotatably mounted and its position can be controlled, it can take over several functions within the shredding device.

Zum einen kann die Zuführplatte als Rutsche mit variabler Steigung verwendet werden, wodurch sich die Materialzufuhr in Richtung zum Zerkleinerungsrotor hin steuern lässt. Zum anderen, kann die Zuführplatte als Andrücker verwendet werden, so dass das zu zerkleinernde Material schnellst möglich von dem Zerkleinerungsrotor erfasst werden kann. Auf diese Weise kann durch die Integration beider Funktionen in einer einzigen Komponente ein kostengünstiger Aufbau und Betrieb der Vorrichtung erreicht werden.On the one hand, the feed plate can be used as a chute with a variable pitch, whereby the material feed can be controlled in the direction of the shredding rotor. On the other hand, the feed plate can be used as a presser so that the material to be shredded can be grasped by the shredding rotor as quickly as possible. In this way, by integrating both functions in a single component, a cost-effective construction and operation of the device can be achieved.

Entscheidend kommt es also darauf an, dass ein Überschwenken der Zuführplatte über deren Schwenkachse hinweg bezüglich des Zerkleinerungsrotors möglich ist.It is therefore crucial that the feed plate can be swiveled over its swivel axis with respect to the shredding rotor.

Unter dem Begriff einer Zuführplatte soll dabei nicht zwangsweise eine planparallele Platte verstanden werden. Vielmehr handelt es sich um ein Bauteil, das zumindest eine Hauptfläche aufweist, auf der das zu zerkleinernde Material in Richtung des Zerkleinerungsrotors rutschen kann. Insbesondere kann die Zuführplatte in ihrer Geometrie auch an den Umfang des Zerkleinerungsrotors angepasst sein.The term feed plate should not necessarily be understood to mean a plane-parallel plate. Rather, it is a component that has at least one main surface on which the material to be shredded can slide in the direction of the shredding rotor. In particular, the geometry of the feed plate can also be adapted to the circumference of the shredding rotor.

Im Allgemeinen werden die Drehachse des Zerkleinerungsrotors und die Schwenkachse der Zuführplatte parallel zueinander angeordnet sein.In general, the axis of rotation of the shredding rotor and the pivot axis of the feed plate will be arranged parallel to one another.

Vorteilhaft ist, wenn in der Zuführstellung die Steigung der ersten Hauptfläche der Zuführplatte gegenüber der Horizontalen zumindest im Bereich von circa 15° bis 25°, vorzugsweise 10° bis 45°, nochmals vorzugsweise 5° bis 85°, variierbar ist. Dadurch ist der Vorschub, mit welchem das zu zerkleinernde Material dem Zerkleinerungsrotor zugeführt wird, auf eine einfache Weise stufenlos und bedarfsgerecht steuerbar. Insbesondere kann durch die Wahl kleinerer Steigungen, die Zufuhr von Material zum Zerkleinerungsrotor vollständig gestoppt werden.It is advantageous if, in the feed position, the slope of the first main surface of the feed plate relative to the horizontal can be varied at least in the range of approximately 15 ° to 25 °, preferably 10 ° to 45 °, again preferably 5 ° to 85 °. As a result, the feed rate with which the material to be shredded is fed to the shredding rotor can be controlled in a simple manner, steplessly and as required. In particular, by choosing smaller slopes, the supply of material to the shredding rotor can be stopped completely.

Um das Material in möglichst kurzer Zeit energieeffizient zu zerkleinern oder um Blockaden des Zerkleinerungsrotors zu lösen, kann vorgesehen sein, dass der Zerkleinerungsrotor in beiden Drehrichtungen betreibbar ist.In order to shred the material in an energy-efficient manner in the shortest possible time or to loosen blockages in the shredding rotor, it can be provided that the shredding rotor can be operated in both directions of rotation.

Hierzu kann insbesondere vorgesehen sein, dass die Drehachse des Zerkleinerungsrotors und die Schwenkachse der Zuführplatte eine Ebene definieren, die die Vorrichtung in zwei Teilbereiche aufteilt und dass sich in dem ersten Teilbereich das erste Gegenmesser und in dem zweiten Teilbereich ein zweites Gegenmesser befindet. Insbesondere kann es von Vorteil sein, wenn die Ebene einen spitzen Winkel mit der Vertikalen schließt. Durch die asymmetrische Schneidraumgeometrie ist ein unterschiedliches Schneidverhalten der Vorrichtung in den zwei Drehrichtungen gegeben.For this purpose, it can be provided in particular that the axis of rotation of the shredding rotor and the pivot axis of the feed plate define a plane that divides the device into two sub-areas and that the first counter-knife is located in the first sub-area and a second counter-knife is located in the second sub-area. In particular, it can be advantageous if the plane forms an acute angle with the Vertical closes. The asymmetrical geometry of the cutting space results in a different cutting behavior of the device in the two directions of rotation.

Ferner ist die Zuführplatte an einem Ende um die Schwenkachse drehbar gelagert. Dadurch ergibt sich eine größere Wirklänge der Hauptfläche der Zuführplatte, mit welcher diese das zu zerkleinernde Material an den Zerkleinerungsrotor andrückt. In der Ebene der Zuführplatte entsteht zudem auf diese Weise zwischen der Schwenkachse und dem Gehäuse der Vorrichtung ein größtmöglicher Durchgangsraum für das medizinische Abfallmaterial.Furthermore, the feed plate is rotatably mounted at one end about the pivot axis. This results in a greater effective length of the main surface of the feed plate with which it presses the material to be shredded against the shredding rotor. In this way, in the plane of the feed plate, the greatest possible passage space for the medical waste material is created between the pivot axis and the housing of the device.

Damit das Material effizient zerkleinert wird, kann ein derartiger Durchgangsraum auch zwischen Schwenkachse und Oberfläche des Zerkleinerungsrotors vorteilhaft sein. Konkret kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Drehachse des Zerkleinerungsrotors und die Schwenkachse der Zuführplatte derart voneinander beabstandet sind, dass bei einer Änderung der Drehrichtung des Zerkleinerungsrotors das zu zerkleinernde Material dem zweiten Gegenmesser zuführbar ist. Dabei gelangt das zu zerkleinernde Material durch den geschaffenen Durchgangsraum in den zweiten Teilbereich der Vorrichtung. Um das Material dabei leichter zu überführen, kann es zudem zweckmäßig sein, dass die Zuführplatte in einer Zwischenstellung gebracht wird, so dass diese zusammen mit dem Zerkleinerungsrotor eine Art Trichter bildet, welcher das zu zerkleinernde Material führt.In order for the material to be shredded efficiently, such a passage space can also be advantageous between the pivot axis and the surface of the shredding rotor. Specifically, it can be provided that the axis of rotation of the shredding rotor and the pivot axis of the feed plate are spaced from one another in such a way that when the direction of rotation of the shredding rotor changes, the material to be shredded can be fed to the second counter knife. The material to be shredded passes through the created passage space into the second sub-area of the device. In order to transfer the material more easily, it can also be expedient for the feed plate to be brought into an intermediate position so that it forms a kind of funnel together with the shredding rotor, which guides the material to be shredded.

Ferner ist bei einer Änderung der Drehrichtung des Zerkleinerungsrotors die Zuführplatte in eine zweite Andrückstellung bringbar, in der das zu zerkleinernde Material mit einer zweiten Hauptfläche der Zuführplatte an den Zerkleinerungsrotor angedrückt und zwischen dem Messer und dem zweiten Gegenmesser zerkleinert wird. Hierzu wird die Zuführplatte ausgehend von der ersten Andrückstellung bzw. von der Zwischenstellung um ihre Schwenkachse in die entgegengesetzte Richtung gedreht. Die Zuführplatte kann also wie eine Art "Flipper" zum Andrücken bei einer Drehung des Zerkleinerungsrotors in der einen oder der anderen Drehrichtung verwendet werden.Furthermore, when the direction of rotation of the shredding rotor changes, the feed plate is in a second pressing position can be brought about, in which the material to be shredded is pressed against the shredding rotor with a second main surface of the feed plate and is shredded between the knife and the second counter knife. For this purpose, starting from the first pressing position or from the intermediate position, the feed plate is rotated about its pivot axis in the opposite direction. The feed plate can thus be used like a kind of "flipper" to press on when the shredding rotor rotates in one or the other direction of rotation.

Um die Zerkleinerungsleistung zu vergrößern und verschiedene Schnittgeometrien zu gewährleisten, kann vorgesehen sein, dass am zweiten Gegenmesser, insbesondere dadurch, dass das zweite Gegenmesser nicht radial zum Zerkleinerungsrotor angeordnet ist, eine andere Schnittgeometrie vorgesehen ist als an dem ersten Gegenmesser.In order to increase the shredding performance and ensure different cutting geometries, a different cutting geometry can be provided on the second counter knife than on the first counter knife, in particular because the second counter knife is not arranged radially to the shredding rotor.

Des Weiteren kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Zuführplatte um die Schwenkachse einen Schwenkbereich von mindestens 200°, insbesondere von mindestens 270°, aufweist. Ein großer Schwenkbereich der Zuführplatte geht mit einem großen Abstand der Schwenkachse zu dem Zerkleinerungsrotor einher. Dadurch ist zum einen ein großer Umfangsbereich des Zerkleinerungsrotors nutzbar. Durch den größeren Volumen zwischen Zuführplatte und Zerkleinerungsrotor ist zum anderen eine größere Menge an zu zerkleinerndem Material der Vorrichtung auf einmal zuführbar.Furthermore, it can be provided that the feed plate has a swivel range of at least 200 °, in particular of at least 270 °, about the swivel axis. A large pivoting range of the feed plate is accompanied by a large distance between the pivot axis and the shredding rotor. As a result, on the one hand, a large circumferential area of the shredding rotor can be used. On the other hand, due to the larger volume between the feed plate and the comminuting rotor, a larger amount of material to be comminuted can be fed to the device at once.

Zur Steuerung der Vorrichtung ist eine Steuereinrichtung vorgesehen, welche den Aktuator der Zuführplatte und den Zerkleinerungsrotor derart ansteuert, dass die Leistungsaufnahme des Zerkleinerungsrotors die maximale Leistungsvorgabe nicht übersteigt. Dazu kann die Steuerungseinrichtung in Abhängigkeit der Leistungsaufnahme des Antriebsmotors des Zerkleinerungsrotors in der Zuführstellung die Steigung der Hauptfläche der Zuführplatte variieren und/oder in der Andrückstellung durch Einstellen unterschiedlicher Winkelstellungen die Anpresskraft des Materials an den Zerkleinerungsrotor variieren. Die Steuerungseinrichtung kann auch die Drehrichtung des Zerkleinerungsrotors und dessen Sollgeschwindigkeit ändern und dabei die Zuführplatte in die zweite Andrückstellung schwenken.To control the device, a control device is provided, which the actuator of the feed plate and controls the shredding rotor in such a way that the power consumption of the shredding rotor does not exceed the maximum power specification. For this purpose, the control device can vary the slope of the main surface of the feed plate depending on the power consumption of the drive motor of the shredding rotor in the feed position and / or vary the contact pressure of the material on the shredding rotor in the pressure position by setting different angular positions. The control device can also change the direction of rotation of the shredding rotor and its setpoint speed and thereby pivot the feed plate into the second pressure position.

KURZE BESCHREIBUNG DER ZEICHNUNGENBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Nachfolgend werden Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung anhand der Zeichnungen näher erläutert. In diesen zeigen:

Figur 1
eine Schnittansicht der Vorrichtung zum Zerkleinern von Material in einer Ruhestellung nach der Materialzufuhr durch einen Bediener;
Figur 2
eine Schnittansicht der Vorrichtung zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt in einer Zuführstellung;
Figur 3
eine Schnittansicht der Vorrichtung zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt, in dem die Zuführplatte das zugeführte Material an den Zerkleinerungsrotor andrückt;
Figur 4
eine Schnittansicht der Vorrichtung zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt nach Umkehr der Drehrichtung des Zerkleinerungsrotors;
Figur 5
eine Schnittansicht der Vorrichtung in einer zweiten Andrückstellung;
Figur 6
eine Schnittansicht der Vorrichtung nach zweiter Richtungsumkehr des Zerkleinerungsrotors;
Figur 7
eine Schnittansicht eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels der Vorrichtung in der Ruhestellung nach Materialzufuhr;
Figur 8
eine Schnittansicht des zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels der Vorrichtung in der Zuführstellung;
Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings. In these show:
Figure 1
a sectional view of the device for comminuting material in a rest position after the material supply by an operator;
Figure 2
a sectional view of the device at a later point in time in a feed position;
Figure 3
a sectional view of the device at a later point in time in which the feed plate presses the material fed to the shredding rotor;
Figure 4
a sectional view of the device at a later point in time after reversing the direction of rotation of the shredding rotor;
Figure 5
a sectional view of the device in a second pressing position;
Figure 6
a sectional view of the device after the second reversal of direction of the shredding rotor;
Figure 7
a sectional view of a second embodiment of the device in the rest position after material supply;
Figure 8
a sectional view of the second embodiment of the device in the feed position;

BESCHREIBUNG BEVORZUGTER AUSFÜHRUNGSBEISPIELEDESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 1. Grundlegender Aufbau der Vorrichtung1. Basic structure of the device

In den Figuren ist mit 10 insgesamt eine Vorrichtung bezeichnet, mit der Material, hier medizinisches Abfallmaterial 12, zerkleinert werden kann.In the figures, 10 denotes a device as a whole, with which material, here medical waste material 12, can be comminuted.

Die Vorrichtung 10 ermöglicht es, in Krankenhäusern den medizinischen Abfall nicht wie bisher üblich durch Reinigungspersonal über Flure und Aufzüge in einen Sammelraum im Keller zu befördern, sondern diesen vor Ort zu zerkleinern. Das zerkleinerte Material kann dann über eine vorhandene Kanalisation in den Keller befördert werden, wo eine Kläranlage das Material aus dem Abwasser entnimmt und zur endgültigen Entsorgung vorbereitet. Dies vermindert die Keimbelastung der Krankenhäuser erheblich.The device 10 makes it possible in hospitals not to convey medical waste by cleaning staff via corridors and elevators to a collection room in the basement, as was previously the case, but to shred it on site. The shredded material can then be transported to the basement via an existing sewer system, where a sewage treatment plant removes the material from the wastewater and prepares it for final disposal. This significantly reduces the germ load in hospitals.

Die Vorrichtung 10 hat ein Gehäuse 14 mit einer Zuführöffnung 16, die mit einer verriegelbaren Klappe 17 verschließbar ist. Dies erlaubt eine einfache Beladung von vorne oder von der Seite. Zum Verschließen der Zuführöffnung 16 kann alternativ eine nicht eigens gezeigte verschiebbare Tür vorgesehen sein, die beispielsweise zwischen einer Öffnungs- und Schließstellung verschoben werden kann.The device 10 has a housing 14 with a feed opening 16 which can be closed with a lockable flap 17. This allows easy loading from the front or of the page. To close the feed opening 16, a displaceable door (not specifically shown) can alternatively be provided, which can be displaced, for example, between an open and a closed position.

Im Inneren des Gehäuses 14 sind eine Bedienerschutzeinrichtung in Form einer Auffangplatte 18, eine schwenkbare Zuführplatte 20 und ein Zerkleinerungsrotor 22 angeordnet, dessen Drehachse 30 senkrecht zur Zeichenebene der Figuren angeordnet ist. Obwohl die Zuführöffnung 16 hier bezüglich der Drehachse 30 des Zerkleinerungsrotors 22 seitlich gezeigt ist, kann diese je nach räumlicher Anforderungen auch an einer Seite des Gehäuses 14 angeordnet sein, die senkrecht zu dem Zerkleinerungsrotor 22 steht.In the interior of the housing 14, an operator protection device in the form of a collecting plate 18, a pivotable feed plate 20 and a shredding rotor 22 are arranged, the axis of rotation 30 of which is arranged perpendicular to the plane of the drawing of the figures. Although the feed opening 16 is shown here to the side with respect to the axis of rotation 30 of the shredding rotor 22, depending on the spatial requirements, it can also be arranged on a side of the housing 14 that is perpendicular to the shredding rotor 22.

Der Zerkleinerungsrotor 22 hat im Wesentlichen eine zylindrische Form und wird von einem nur in Figur 1 schematisch dargestellten Antriebsmotor 23 angetrieben.The shredding rotor 22 has a substantially cylindrical shape and is only supported by one in Figure 1 drive motor 23 shown schematically.

Der Zerkleinerungsrotor 22 trägt Messer 32, die in radialer Richtung hervorstehen. Diese arbeiten mit einem ersten Gegenmesser 24 zusammen, das hier etwas unterhalb der Drehachse 30 am Umfang des Zerkleinerungsrotors 22 horizontal und damit im Wesentlichen radial zur Drehachse 30 des Zerkleinerungsrotors 22 angeordnet ist.The shredding rotor 22 carries knives 32 which protrude in the radial direction. These work together with a first counter knife 24, which here is arranged horizontally a little below the axis of rotation 30 on the circumference of the shredding rotor 22 and thus essentially radially to the axis of rotation 30 of the shredding rotor 22.

Ein zweites Gegenmesser 26 ist bezüglich des Umfang um etwa 160° versetzt, d.h. hier etwas oberhalb der Drehachse 30 ebenfalls horizontal angeordnet, wodurch das zweite Gegenmesser 26 nicht radial zur Drehachse 30 ausgerichtet ist. Der Zerkleinerungsrotor 22 wird in einem unteren Umfangsbereich zwischen dem ersten Gegenmesser 24 und dem zweiten Gegenmesser 26 durch ein Lochsieb 28 begrenzt, welches radial von dem Zerkleinerungsrotor 22 beabstandet ist und mit diesem einen Umfangsspalt bildet, in welchem die Messer 32 noch zwischen Zerkleinerungsrotor 22 und Lochsieb 28 hindurch laufen können.A second counter knife 26 is offset by approximately 160 ° with respect to the circumference, ie here also arranged horizontally somewhat above the axis of rotation 30, so that the second counter knife 26 is not aligned radially to the axis of rotation 30. The shredding rotor 22 is delimited in a lower circumferential area between the first counter knife 24 and the second counter knife 26 by a perforated screen 28, which is radially spaced from the shredding rotor 22 and with this forms a circumferential gap in which the knives 32 are still between the shredding rotor 22 and perforated screen 28 can walk through it.

Im oberen, freien Umfangsbereich zwischen den Gegenmessern 24, 26 kann dem Zerkleinerungsrotor 22 das medizinische Abfallmaterial 12 zugeführt werden.The medical waste material 12 can be fed to the shredding rotor 22 in the upper, free circumferential area between the counter knives 24, 26.

Bei ihrer Drehung um die Drehachse 30 stehen die Messer 32 mit dem ersten Gegenmesser 24 und dem zweiten Gegenmesser 26 im Eingriff und zerkleinern das zugeführte medizinische Abfallmaterial 12 derart, dass dieses durch das Lochsieb 28 hindurchfallen kann.When they rotate about the axis of rotation 30, the knives 32 are in engagement with the first counter knife 24 and the second counter knife 26 and comminute the medical waste material 12 supplied in such a way that it can fall through the perforated screen 28.

Oberhalb des Zerkleinerungsrotors 22 ist die Zuführplatte 20 angeordnet. Die Zuführplatte 20 weist eine erste Hauptfläche 34 und eine zweite Hauptfläche 36 auf und ist um eine im Wesentlichen parallel zu den Hauptflächen 34 und 36 verlaufende Schwenkachse 38 drehbar gelagert. Die Schwenkachse 38 ist ferner im Wesentlichen parallel zur Drehachse 30 des Zerkleinerungsrotors 22 angeordnet.The feed plate 20 is arranged above the shredding rotor 22. The feed plate 20 has a first main surface 34 and a second main surface 36 and is mounted rotatably about a pivot axis 38 running essentially parallel to the main surfaces 34 and 36. The pivot axis 38 is also arranged essentially parallel to the axis of rotation 30 of the shredding rotor 22.

Die Zuführplatte 20 ist in nicht näher dargestellter Weise wirksam mit einem ebenfalls nur in Figur 1 gezeigten Aktuator 25 verbunden, mit dessen Hilfe sich die Winkelstellung der Zuführplatte 20 um die Schwenkachse 38 variieren lässt. Der Schwenkbereich 21 (vgl. Figur 2) der Zuführplatte 20 deckt dabei mindestens 200° oberhalb des Zerkleinerungsrotors 22 ab.The feed plate 20 is effective in a manner not shown with a likewise only in Figure 1 The actuator 25 shown is connected, with the aid of which the angular position of the feed plate 20 about the pivot axis 38 can be varied. The swivel range 21 (cf. Figure 2 ) of the feed plate 20 covers at least 200 ° above the shredding rotor 22.

Sowohl der Antriebsmotor 23 als auch der Aktuator 25 sind mit einer Steuerungseinrichtung 27 verbunden, welche die unterschiedlichen Betriebsmodi veranlasst.Both the drive motor 23 and the actuator 25 are connected to a control device 27 which initiates the different operating modes.

Bei einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel ist anstelle der Auffangplatte 18 eine zweiteilige Auffangeinrichtung 40 vorgesehen, die zwei Auffangklappen 42 umfasst, wie die Figuren 7 und 8 zeigen.In a further embodiment, instead of the collecting plate 18, a two-part collecting device 40 is provided, which comprises two collecting flaps 42, such as the one Figures 7 and 8 demonstrate.

2. Arbeitsweise der Vorrichtung2. Operation of the device

In der in Figur 1 gezeigten Ruhestellung ist die Auffangplatte 18 der Bedienerschutzeinrichtung zwischen der Zuführöffnung 16 und der Zuführplatte 20 angeordnet und in einer im Wesentlichen horizontalen Stellung arretiert, in der die Auffangplatte 18 sich im Wesentlichen bis an die Gehäusewände erstreckt und so den Zerkleinerungsrotor 22 überdeckt. Eine Sicherheitsschaltung gewährleistet dabei, dass sich die verriegelbare Klappe 17 an der Zuführöffnung 16 der Vorrichtung 10 nur öffnen lässt, wenn die Auffangplatte 18 in dieser überdeckenden Stellung steht. Die Auffangplatte 18 verhindert somit einen Eingriff durch das Bedienpersonal und dient zugleich als Auflage für das durch die Zuführöffnung 16 der Vorrichtung 10 zugeführte medizinische Abfallmaterial 12.In the in Figure 1 The rest position shown, the collecting plate 18 of the operator protection device is arranged between the feed opening 16 and the feed plate 20 and locked in an essentially horizontal position in which the collecting plate 18 extends essentially to the housing walls and thus covers the shredding rotor 22. A safety circuit ensures that the lockable flap 17 at the feed opening 16 of the device 10 can only be opened when the collecting plate 18 is in this overlapping position. The collecting plate 18 thus prevents intervention by the operating personnel and at the same time serves as a support for the medical waste material 12 fed through the feed opening 16 of the device 10.

Insbesondere ermöglicht die Auffangplatte 18, die bei bisher bekannten Zerkleinerungsmaschinen nicht vorgesehen ist, darauf zu verzichten, oberhalb des Zerkleinerungsrotors 22 eine umlaufende Schutzwand vorzusehen. Diese weist normalerweise eine Mindesthöhe auf, die größer als eine Armlänge der Bediener ist und somit eine passive Bedienerschutzeinrichtung darstellt. Übliche Zerkleinerungsmaschinen müssen daher immer von oben befüllt werden und bauen hoch, wodurch sie nur in Fabrikhallen eingesetzt werden können. Der Einsatz der Auffangplatte 18 erlaubt somit den Einsatz in normalen Räumlichkeiten wie beispielsweise in den Krankenzimmern.In particular, the collecting plate 18, which is not provided in previously known shredding machines, makes it possible to dispense with providing a circumferential protective wall above the shredding rotor 22. This normally has a minimum height that is greater than an arm's length of the operator and thus represents a passive operator protection device. Conventional shredding machines must therefore are always filled from above and build tall, so they can only be used in factory buildings. The use of the collecting plate 18 thus allows it to be used in normal rooms such as, for example, in hospital rooms.

Die Figur 1 veranschaulicht ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel der Vorrichtung 10 in einer Ruhestellung. Durch die Zuführöffnung 16 wurde medizinisches Abfallmaterial 12 der Vorrichtung zugeführt. Dieses liegt auf der Auffangplatte 18, die im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel oberhalb der Zuführplatte 20 horizontal gelagert ist.The Figure 1 illustrates a first embodiment of the device 10 in a rest position. Medical waste material 12 was fed into the device through feed opening 16. This lies on the collecting plate 18, which in the present exemplary embodiment is mounted horizontally above the feed plate 20.

Die Auffangplatte 18 wird mit einer Schwenkbewegung in eine vertikale Aufbewahrungsposition gebracht, in der sie während des Zerkleinerungsprozesses verbleibt. Dabei fällt das medizinische Abfallmaterial 12, wie in der Figur 2 gezeigt, auf die erste Hauptfläche 34 der Zuführplatte 20.The collecting plate 18 is brought into a vertical storage position with a pivoting movement, in which it remains during the comminution process. In doing so, the medical waste material 12 falls as in FIG Figure 2 shown on the first major surface 34 of the feed plate 20.

Daraufhin wird der Zerkleinerungsrotor 22 in Rotation versetzt (in Figur 2 im Uhrzeigersinn). Die Zuführplatte 20 wird nach und nach aus ihrer horizontalen Ruhelage im Uhrzeigersinn um die Schwenkachse 38 gedreht. Vorausgesetzt, dass die Auffangplatte 18 ihre Aufbewahrungsposition erreicht hat, gleitet dabei das medizinische Abfallmaterial 12 entlang der ersten Hauptfläche 34 und wird bedarfsgerecht dem Zerkleinerungsrotor 22 zugeführt.The shredding rotor 22 is then set in rotation (in Figure 2 clockwise). The feed plate 20 is gradually rotated clockwise from its horizontal rest position about the pivot axis 38. Provided that the collecting plate 18 has reached its storage position, the medical waste material 12 slides along the first main surface 34 and is fed to the shredding rotor 22 as required.

Hierbei kommt das medizinische Abfallmaterial 12 in Kontakt mit den Messern 32 des Zerkleinerungsrotors 22, wird mitgenommen und spätestens am ersten Gegenmesser 24 in kleinere Stücke zerschnitten. Haben die kleineren Stücke eine bestimmte Minimalgröße erreicht, können sie durch das Lochsieb 28 hindurchfallen und entsorgt werden.Here, the medical waste material 12 comes into contact with the knives 32 of the shredding rotor 22, is taken along and cut into smaller pieces at the first counter knife 24 at the latest. Once the smaller pieces have reached a certain minimum size, they can fall through the perforated screen 28 and be disposed of.

Die Steuerungseinrichtung 27 überwacht die Geschwindigkeit und Leistungsaufnahme des Antriebsmotors 23 und sorgt dafür, dass die Steigung der Zuführplatte 20 entsprechend angepasst wird, um eine zu hohe Leistungsaufnahme oder ein Blockieren des Zerkleinerungsrotors 22 zu verhindern.The control device 27 monitors the speed and power consumption of the drive motor 23 and ensures that the slope of the feed plate 20 is adjusted accordingly in order to prevent excessive power consumption or blocking of the shredding rotor 22.

Eine weitere Dosierungsfunktionalität der Zuführplatte 20 kann auch dadurch erreicht werden, dass das zu zerkleinernde Abfallmaterial 12 zwischen dem Gehäuse 14 und der Zuführplatte 20 gezielt eingeklemmt wird, wie dies die Figur 3 zeigt. Dies kann vor allem dann relevant sein, wenn das Abfallmaterial 12 in Säcken oder ähnlichem zugeführt wird.A further metering functionality of the feed plate 20 can also be achieved in that the waste material 12 to be shredded is specifically clamped between the housing 14 and the feed plate 20, as is the case with FIG Figure 3 shows. This can be particularly relevant when the waste material 12 is supplied in sacks or the like.

Hierzu wird die Zuführplatte 20 ausgehend aus der horizontalen Ruhelage derart umgeschwenkt, sodass das zu zerkleinernde Abfallmaterial 12 auf dem Zerkleinerungsrotors 22 aufliegt. Durch Weiterschwenken der Zuführplatte 20 wird das Abfallmaterial 12, bzw. der Sack in welchem sich dieses befindet, zwischen der Zuführplatte 12 und einer Gehäusewand - oder wie in der Figur 3 - der Auffangplatte 18 eingeklemmt.For this purpose, the feed plate 20, starting from the horizontal rest position, is pivoted in such a way that the waste material 12 to be shredded rests on the shredding rotor 22. By pivoting the feed plate 20 further, the waste material 12, or the sack in which it is located, is between the feed plate 12 and a housing wall - or as in FIG Figure 3 - The collecting plate 18 is clamped.

Derart eingeklemmtes Material kann durch eine wechselnde Drehrichtungsumkehr der Zuführplatte 20 entlastet und wieder eingeklemmt werden, so dass es bedarfsgerecht dem Zerkleinerungsrotor 22 zugeführt wird.Material jammed in this way can be relieved and jammed again by changing the direction of rotation of the feed plate 20, so that it is fed to the shredding rotor 22 as required.

Sollte beim Zerkleinern des Materials 12 die Gewichtskraft alleine nicht ausreichen, um eine effiziente Zerkleinerung zu erreichen, kann das Material 12 an den Zerkleinerungsrotor 22 angedrückt werden. Wird eine erhöhte Leistungsaufnahme festgestellt, so wird die Andrückkraft reduziert oder entfernt.If, when the material 12 is shredded, the weight force alone is not sufficient to achieve efficient shredding, the material 12 can be pressed against the shredding rotor 22. If an increased power consumption is determined, the pressing force is reduced or removed.

Die Figur 4 veranschaulicht, wie die Zuführplatte 20 dazu als Andrückeinrichtung verwendet wird.The Figure 4 illustrates how the feed plate 20 is used as a pressing device for this purpose.

Die Steuerungseinrichtung 27 schwenkt zunächst die Zuführplatte 20 aus der Zuführstellung, in welcher das Abfallmaterial 12 im Wesentlichen auf der ersten Hauptfläche 34 aufliegt, in die erste Andrückstellung, in welcher die Zuführplatte 20 mit der ersten Hauptfläche 34 in der Figur 4 im Wesentlichen von oben auf das Abfallmaterial 12 drückt.The control device 27 first swivels the feed plate 20 from the feed position, in which the waste material 12 rests essentially on the first main surface 34, into the first pressing position, in which the feed plate 20 with the first main surface 34 in the Figure 4 presses on the waste material 12 essentially from above.

Um einen besseren Kontakt des medizinischen Abfallmaterials 12 mit dem Zerkleinerungsrotor 22 zu gewährleisten, wird dabei von der Zuführplatte 20 eine Andrückkraft auf das medizinische Abfallmaterial 12 ausgeübt, die im Wesentlichen in Richtung senkrecht zu der ersten Hauptfläche 34 gerichtet ist. Je weniger medizinisches Abfallmaterial 12 sich zwischen der Zuführplatte 20 und dem Zerkleinerungsrotor 22 befindet, desto größer ist der Anteil der Kraft, der in radialer Richtung zu dem Zerkleinerungsrotor wirkt. Die Zuführung des medizinischen Abfallmaterials 12 wird dadurch weiter erleichtert, dass das Gehäuse 14 in der Nähe des Zerkleinerungsrotors 22 gekrümmte Wände aufweist, wobei diese im Wesentlichen radial zu dem Zerkleinerungsrotor auslaufen.In order to ensure better contact of the medical waste material 12 with the shredding rotor 22, the feed plate 20 exerts a pressure force on the medical waste material 12, which is directed essentially in the direction perpendicular to the first main surface 34. The less medical waste material 12 there is between the feed plate 20 and the shredding rotor 22, the greater the proportion of the force which acts in the radial direction to the shredding rotor. The supply of the medical waste material 12 is further facilitated by the fact that the housing 14 has curved walls in the vicinity of the shredding rotor 22, these walls running out essentially radially to the shredding rotor.

Um den Prozess der Zerkleinerung effizienter zu gestalten, sieht das vorliegende Ausführungsbeispiel auch vor, dass der Zerkleinerungsrotor 22 in beiden Richtungen betrieben wird. Dies ist in Figur 5 gezeigt, in welcher der Zerkleinerungsrotors 22 gegen den Uhrzeigersinn laufend dargestellt ist.In order to make the comminution process more efficient, the present exemplary embodiment also provides that the comminution rotor 22 is operated in both directions. This is in Figure 5 shown, in which the shredding rotor 22 is shown running counterclockwise.

Die Messer 32 am Zerkleinerungsrotor 22 sind dafür doppelschneidig ausgeführt. Die Schwenkachse 38 und die Drehachse 30 bilden eine Ebene, die das Gehäuse in zwei Teilbereiche aufteilt. Durch die Richtungsumkehr des Zerkleinerungsrotors 22 gelangt das medizinische Abfallmaterial 12 von dem ersten Teilbereich, in dem sich das erste Gegenmesser 24 befindet, in den zweiten Teilbereich, in dem sich das zweite Gegenmesser 26 befindet.The knives 32 on the shredding rotor 22 are double-edged for this purpose. The pivot axis 38 and the axis of rotation 30 form a plane that divides the housing into two sub-areas divides. By reversing the direction of the shredding rotor 22, the medical waste material 12 passes from the first partial area in which the first counter knife 24 is located to the second partial area in which the second counter knife 26 is located.

Der Zerkleinerungsrotor 22 ist in dem vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel außermittig am Gehäuse 14 angeordnet, so dass die Ebene, die durch die Schwenkachse 38 und die Drehachse 30 gebildet wird, einen Winkel α mit der Vertikalen bildet. Dies ermöglicht einen asymmetrischen Aufbau der Vorrichtung 10 bezüglich der Ebene, wodurch die zwei Teilbereiche geometrisch ungleich ausgebildet sind. Dadurch wird ein unterschiedliches Einzugsverhalten des Abfallmaterials 12 in Bezug auf die jeweilige Gehäusewand und Gegenmesser 24, 26 erzeugt, was zu einer effizienteren Zerkleinerung beitragen kann.In the present exemplary embodiment, the shredding rotor 22 is arranged eccentrically on the housing 14, so that the plane formed by the pivot axis 38 and the rotation axis 30 forms an angle α with the vertical. This enables the device 10 to be constructed asymmetrically with respect to the plane, as a result of which the two partial areas are designed to be geometrically unequal. As a result, a different intake behavior of the waste material 12 in relation to the respective housing wall and counter knife 24, 26 is generated, which can contribute to more efficient comminution.

Dadurch, dass die Schwenkachse 38 der Zuführplatte 20 und die Drehachse 30 des Zerkleinerungsrotors 22 in einem Abstand die voneinander liegen, welcher größer ist als der Radius des Zerkleinerungsrotors 22, entsteht zwischen dem zylindrischen Zerkleinerungsrotor 22 und der Schwenkachse 38 ein Durchgangsraum. Das medizinische Abfallmaterial 12 wird dann von dem Zerkleinerungsrotor 22 mitgenommen werden und durch den Durchgangsraum dem zweiten Gegenmesser 26 zugeführt werden. Wird die Andrückkraft der Zuführplatte 20 entfernt, und die Zuführplatte 20 in eine Richtung entgegengesetzt dem Uhrzeigersinn geschwenkt und in einer Zwischenstellung arretiert, bildet die Zuführplatte 20 zusammen mit der Oberfläche des Zerkleinerungsrotors 22 einen Trichter. Darin gleitet das medizinische Abfallmaterial 12 entlang der ersten Hauptfläche 34 der Zuführplatte 20. Alternativ kann die Trichterfunktion allerdings auch durch bloßes Entfernen der Andrückkraft in der ersten Andrückstellung der Zuführplatte 20 erreicht werden, ohne dass eine Arretierung in einer definierten Zwischenstellung notwendig ist.Because the pivot axis 38 of the feed plate 20 and the axis of rotation 30 of the shredding rotor 22 are at a distance that is greater than the radius of the shredding rotor 22, a passage space is created between the cylindrical shredding rotor 22 and the pivot axis 38. The medical waste material 12 will then be taken along by the shredding rotor 22 and fed to the second counter knife 26 through the passage space. If the pressing force of the feed plate 20 is removed and the feed plate 20 is pivoted in a counterclockwise direction and locked in an intermediate position, the feed plate 20 together with the surface of the shredding rotor 22 forms a funnel. The medical waste material 12 slides along the first main surface 34 of the feed plate 20. Alternatively, however, the funnel function can also be achieved by simply removing the pressing force in the first pressing position of the feed plate 20, without locking in a defined intermediate position being necessary.

Sobald das medizinische Abfallmaterial 12 in den zweiten Teilbereich der Vorrichtung überführt wurde, wird die Zuführplatte 20 so weit in Richtung entgegengesetzt des Uhrzeigersinns geschwenkt, dass diese mit ihrer zweiten Hauptfläche 36 an das medizinische Abfallmaterial 12 andrücken kann, wie dies die Figur 6 zeigt. Die Andrückkraft wirkt hierbei senkrecht zu der zweiten Hauptfläche 36 der Zuführplatte 20.As soon as the medical waste material 12 has been transferred into the second partial area of the device, the feed plate 20 is pivoted in the counterclockwise direction so far that it can press against the medical waste material 12 with its second main surface 36, as shown in FIG Figure 6 shows. The pressing force here acts perpendicular to the second main surface 36 of the feed plate 20.

Durch die auf das medizinische Abfallmaterial 12 wirkenden Kräfte kann es im Betrieb zu einer unerwünschten Verdichtung des medizinischen Abfallmaterials 12 kommen. Um dieses aufzulockern, ist in einem weiteren Schritt eine erneute Drehrichtungsumkehr des Zerkleinerungsrotors 22 vorgesehen. Die Zuführplatte 20 wirkt zusammen mit der Oberfläche des Zerkleinerungsrotors 22 erneut wie ein Trichter, wobei hier die zweite Hauptfläche 36 als ein Führungselement für das medizinische Abfallmaterial 12 dient.The forces acting on the medical waste material 12 can lead to an undesired compression of the medical waste material 12 during operation. In order to loosen this up, a further reversal of the direction of rotation of the shredding rotor 22 is provided in a further step. The feed plate 20 again acts together with the surface of the shredding rotor 22 like a funnel, the second main surface 36 serving here as a guide element for the medical waste material 12.

Dadurch wird das medizinische Abfallmaterial 12 von dem zweiten Teilbereich wieder in den ersten Teilbereich der Vorrichtung 10 überführt. Um den Zerkleinerungsprozess zu beschleunigen, wird die Zuführplatte 20 in ihre erste Andrückstellung gebracht.As a result, the medical waste material 12 is transferred again from the second sub-area into the first sub-area of the device 10. In order to accelerate the comminution process, the feed plate 20 is brought into its first contact position.

Im Betrieb kann die Richtungsumkehr mehrmals erfolgen, wobei der Zeitpunkt, zu dem eine solche eingeleitet wird, von der Steuerungseinrichtung 27 beispielsweise durch einen Lastmomentenanstieg am Antriebsmotor 23 des Zerkleinerungsrotors 22 bestimmt werden kann. Ein derartiger Lastmomentenanstieg kann auf eine Verdichtung des medizinischen Abfallmaterials 12 hindeuten.During operation, the direction can be reversed several times, with the point in time at which such a reversal is initiated by the Control device 27 can be determined, for example, by a load torque increase on drive motor 23 of shredding rotor 22. Such an increase in load torque may indicate compaction of the medical waste material 12.

3. Abwandlungen3. Variations

Bei einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Bedienerschutzeinrichtung, wie in den Figuren 7 und 8 gezeigt, aus zwei in ihrer Ruhestellung horizontal angeordneten Auffangklappen 40, 42 gebildet. Die Auffangklappen 40, 42 sind an einer gemeinsamen Achse 44 schwenkbar gelagert, die im Wesentlichen parallel zu der Drehachse 30 und der Schwenkachse 38 verläuft. Hierbei ist der Abstand zwischen der Achse 44 und der Schwenkachse 38 mindestens so groß, wie die Länge der Zuführplatte 20, so dass diese ungehindert zwischen ihrer ersten Andrückstellung und ihrer zweiten Andrückstellung geschwenkt werden kann.In a further embodiment, the operator protection device is as shown in FIGS Figures 7 and 8 shown, formed from two collecting flaps 40, 42 arranged horizontally in their rest position. The collecting flaps 40, 42 are pivotably mounted on a common axis 44 which runs essentially parallel to the axis of rotation 30 and the pivot axis 38. Here, the distance between the axis 44 and the pivot axis 38 is at least as large as the length of the feed plate 20, so that it can be pivoted between its first pressing position and its second pressing position without hindrance.

Um die Zufuhr des medizinischen Abfallmaterials 12 zu erlauben, wird eine Auffangklappe 42 geöffnet, in dem diese in Richtung nach unten geschwenkt wird. Wurde die Auffangklappe 42 weiter geschwenkt und aus dem Schwenkbereich der Zuführplatte 20 entfernt, kann das medizinische Abfallmaterial 12 dem Zerkleinerungsrotor 22 zugeführt werden, wie in der Figur 8 gezeigt.In order to allow the supply of the medical waste material 12, a collecting flap 42 is opened by pivoting it downward. If the collecting flap 42 has been pivoted further and removed from the pivoting range of the feed plate 20, the medical waste material 12 can be fed to the shredding rotor 22, as shown in FIG.

Wenn im nächsten Schritt die Zuführplatte 20 die erste Andrückstellung erreicht hat, kann die offene Auffangklappe 42 wieder in ihre Ruhestellung zurückgeschwenkt werden. Dadurch kann die Auffangeinrichtung auch im Betrieb ihre Sicherheitsfunktion erfüllen.When the feed plate 20 has reached the first pressing position in the next step, the open collecting flap 42 can be pivoted back into its rest position. As a result, the fall arrest device can also fulfill its safety function during operation.

Bei einer weiteren Abwandlung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung 10 kann auf eine Auffangplatte 18 oder auf Auffangklappen 40, 42 verzichtet werden. Damit dennoch eine Bedienerschutzfunktion gewährleistet ist, ist in diesem Fall die Öffnungsstellung der verriegelbaren Klappe 17 nur dann erreichbar, wenn der Zerkleinerungsrotor 22 sich nicht bewegt. Hierfür können elektrische und/oder mechanische Überwachungseinrichtungen vorgesehen sein, die in Kombination mit der verriegelbaren Klappe 17 die Bedienerschutzeinrichtung ausbilden. Eine Materialzufuhr während des Betriebs erfolgt bei den beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispielen vorzugsweise dann, wenn die Zuführplatte 20 sich in ihrer Zuführstellung befindet. Dadurch ist ein Dosieren des zu zerkleinernden medizinischen Abfallmaterials 12 möglich.In a further modification of the device 10 according to the invention, a collecting plate 18 or collecting flaps 40, 42 can be dispensed with. So that an operator protection function is nevertheless ensured, the open position of the lockable flap 17 can only be reached in this case when the shredding rotor 22 is not moving. For this purpose, electrical and / or mechanical monitoring devices can be provided which, in combination with the lockable flap 17, form the operator protection device. In the exemplary embodiments described, material is preferably supplied during operation when the supply plate 20 is in its supply position. This enables the medical waste material 12 to be comminuted to be metered.

Wie ebenfalls in den Figuren 7 und 8 gezeigt ist, kann die Vorrichtung 10 oberhalb der Öffnung 16 eine Zwischendecke 50 aufweisen. In dieser sind im Falle der Anwendung für die Zerkleinerung medizinischen Abfallmaterials 12 Düsen 52 angeordnet, mit welchen Desinfektionsmittel und Reinigungswasser in die Vorrichtung 10 gesprüht werden kann. Auf diese Weise kann die Vorrichtung 10 von Zeit zu Zeit desinfiziert und ausgespült werden.As in the Figures 7 and 8 As shown, the device 10 can have an intermediate ceiling 50 above the opening 16. In this case, in the case of use for the comminution of medical waste material 12, nozzles 52 are arranged with which disinfectant and cleaning water can be sprayed into the device 10. In this way, the device 10 can be disinfected and rinsed out from time to time.

Im Falle der Informationsträgervernichtung kann in der Zwischendecke 50 eine Kamera 54 angeordnet sein, welche die Vernichtung eines bestimmten Informationsträgers dokumentiert.In the event of the destruction of the information carrier, a camera 54 can be arranged in the false ceiling 50, which camera documents the destruction of a specific information carrier.

Als weitere Abwandlung ist in den Figuren 7 und 8 die Zuführplatte 20 an ihrem von der Schwenkachse 38 abliegenden Ende beidseitig mit Andrückkeilen 56 und 58 versehen. Die Andrückkeile 56 und 58 erlauben es, die beim Andrücken wirksame Fläche der Zuführplatte 20 dichter an den zylinderförmigen Zerkleinerungsrotor 22 heranzuführen.Another modification is in the Figures 7 and 8 the feed plate 20 is provided with pressure wedges 56 and 58 on both sides at its end remote from the pivot axis 38. The Pressure wedges 56 and 58 make it possible to bring the surface of the feed plate 20 that is effective when it is pressed closer to the cylindrical comminuting rotor 22.

Claims (6)

  1. Device (10) for shredding material (12), in particular medical waste material, having
    a) a shredding rotor (22) which revolves about an axis of rotation (30) and supports at least one blade (32), and having
    b) a first counter-blade (24), which cooperates with the blade (32) of the shredding rotor (22),
    wherein
    c) a feed plate (20) is provided, which is mounted such that it is rotatable about a pivot axis (38) and which is connected to an actuator, in particular to an electric motor, such that the position of the feed plate (20) about the pivot axis (38) can be varied with the aid of the actuator,
    d) the pivot axis (38) of the feed plate (20) is arranged with respect to the axis of rotation (30) of the shredding rotor (22) such that
    - the feed plate (20), with the aid of the actuator, can be brought into a feed position in which the material (12) to be shredded can lie on a first main surface (34) of the feed plate (20) and can slide along it in the direction to the shredding rotor (22), and in that
    - the feed plate (20), with the aid of the actuator, can be brought into a first pressing position, in which the material (12) to be shredded is also pressed with the first main surface (34) of the feed plate (20) against the shredding rotor (22) and is shredded between the blade (32) and the first counter blade (24), and wherein
    e) the feed plate (20) is mounted at one end such that it is rotatable about the pivot axis (38),
    characterised in that
    f) upon a change in the direction of rotation of the shredding rotor (22), the feed plate (20) can be brought into a second pressing position, in which the material (12) to be shredded is pressed with a second main surface (36) of the feed plate (20) against the shredding rotor (22) and is shredded between the blade (32) and the second counter-blade (26), and
    g) a control device is provided which controls the actuator of the feed plate (20) and the shredding rotor (22) such that the power consumption of the shredding rotor does not exceed 3.5 kW.
  2. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that, in the feed position, the inclination of the first main surface (34) of the feed plate (20) with respect to the horizontal can be varied at least in the range of approximately 15° to 25°, preferably 10° to 45°, again preferably 5° to 85°.
  3. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the axis of rotation (30) of the shredding rotor (22) and the pivot axis (38) of the feed plate (20) define a plane which divides the device into two sub-regions and in that the first counter-blade (24) is located in the first sub-region and the second counter-blade (26) is located in the second sub-region.
  4. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the axis of rotation (30) of the shredding rotor (22) and the pivot axis (38) of the feed plate (20) are spaced from each another such that, upon a change in the direction of rotation of the shredding rotor (22), the material (12) to be shredded can be fed to the second counter-blade (26).
  5. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a different cutting geometry is provided at the second counter-blade than at the first counter-blade (24), in particular in that the second counter-blade is not arranged radially to the shredding rotor.
  6. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the feed plate (20) has a pivoting range of at least 200° about the pivot axis (38).
EP16000664.9A 2015-03-30 2016-03-18 Device for grinding material, in particular of medical waste material Active EP3075453B1 (en)

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US10695771B2 (en) 2020-06-30
US20160288133A1 (en) 2016-10-06
EP3075453A1 (en) 2016-10-05

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