EP2701845B1 - Verfahren zur regelung des walzenspaltdrucks einer rollenpresse - Google Patents
Verfahren zur regelung des walzenspaltdrucks einer rollenpresse Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2701845B1 EP2701845B1 EP12711828.9A EP12711828A EP2701845B1 EP 2701845 B1 EP2701845 B1 EP 2701845B1 EP 12711828 A EP12711828 A EP 12711828A EP 2701845 B1 EP2701845 B1 EP 2701845B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- roller press
- vibration
- measured
- roll
- roller
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C4/00—Crushing or disintegrating by roller mills
- B02C4/28—Details
- B02C4/32—Adjusting, applying pressure to, or controlling the distance between, milling members
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B3/00—Presses characterised by the use of rotary pressing members, e.g. rollers, rings, discs
- B30B3/04—Presses characterised by the use of rotary pressing members, e.g. rollers, rings, discs co-operating with one another, e.g. with co-operating cones
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for controlling the nip pressure of a roller press and a corresponding roller press.
- roller presses which consist of two opposing, usually the same size, rotatably mounted rollers which rotate at the same peripheral speed and form a narrow nip between them.
- the material to be crushed or compacted is pulled, wherein the granular material is crushed or compacted under the high pressure that prevails in the nip.
- the result of this treatment namely comminution or densification, depends to a large extent on the material properties of the granular material to be comminuted.
- the comminution in the nip described here was first described by Schönert et al. in the German Offenlegungsschrift DE 27 08 053 A1 described as high-pressure crushing and it is considered since then as a genus of crushing in addition to grinding by shearing and breaking.
- roller press used In addition to the pressure in the nip it comes in the high-pressure crushing for optimal, low-energy and low-wear crushing on a plurality of parameters to be observed in the roller press used. For example, it is important that the rollers of the roller press used rotate without relative slip, so that the rollers do not grind by shearing movement of the material to be ground, but press exclusively. Furthermore, it has been found that even the correct supply amount of fresh material per unit time on the nip of the roller press used plays a significant role for the optimal function of the roller press used.
- the roller press works as a crusher, especially when using equipped with hard reinforcing rollers, wherein the granular material to be crushed is broken as a fresh material by point loads. This type of comminution is less energy-efficient than the high-pressure crushing and it does not lead to the desired fine product. If, on the other hand, the nip is charged with too much granular material as a fresh product per unit of time, the millbase of fresh material and revolving material in the nip compresses too much, trapped air can no longer escape and the nip of the roller press used tends to become clogged.
- the resiliently mounted rollers deviate, the excess fresh material falls uncrushed through the nip and the roller press operates then again in the previous state until it has to dodge repeatedly to let the excess fresh material pass through the nip.
- the roller press thus undergoes a first mode of vibratory motion along with other vibrational motions and it begins to vibrate mechanically.
- the rollers may then exhibit a combined vibration consisting of a back and forth movement of the rollers in a horizontal direction perpendicular to the nip dimension and a rotational vibration.
- the rollers can also undergo a slight, oscillating position change, in which the respective roller performs a rotation about very small angular amounts about a vertical axis. In this movement, the roller is not moved evenly with both bearing blocks bearing them, but the two bearing blocks to one end of a roller change their position alternately.
- mechanical vibration movements within a roller press can also occur during the starting process of the roller press if the material to be ground is not yet in equilibrium in circulation or if the product to be recycled has a composition which is not yet in equilibrium.
- mechanical oscillations also occur when using fresh material that is wet and fine-grained.
- the entire system of roller press is due to their structure mechanically damped.
- the damping is provided by the hydraulic system, in which the hydraulic fluid flows back and forth at high speed due to the fine lines in comparison with the diameters of the hydraulic rams or cylinders, and therefore very strongly damps them.
- roller press gets into an unwanted vibration mode, it turns out that the roller press is no longer energy-efficient and, moreover, that it is also subject to heavy mechanical loading.
- DE10132067A1 discloses a method for acoustically monitoring threatening operating conditions, eg, slippage, in roller mills. For this purpose, the noises occurring in the roller mill or the sound level are detected with a microphone and the frequency spectrum is evaluated.
- a grinding roller is disclosed with a measuring device which detects the pressure between the nip, or vibrations of the grinding rollers.
- the detection is carried out by cylinders which are mounted on the two sides of the axis of rotation of the grinding roller.
- a control device By means of a control device, the pressure between the rollers can be regulated.
- German publication DE 4414366 A1 For example, a method for controlling the hydraulic pressure of a high bed roller mill is disclosed. After the apprenticeship of DE 4414366 A1 For example, the hydraulic pressure is increased when the electric power consumption of the driving means is below a predetermined maximum value and the hydraulic pressure is decreased when a predetermined maximum value of the electric power consumption of the driving means has been reached. How the electrical power consumption of the drive means is measured in detail is shown in DE 4414366 A1 not revealed.
- EP 0320853 A2 discloses a roller mill with a fixed roller and a Loswalze on which a hydraulic gas spring system is arranged, which dampens longitudinal vibrations of the Loswalze. A measurement of the power consumption of the roller drive according to the teaching in the European patent application EP 0320853 A2 not provided
- the invention task is solved by a method for controlling the roller press with the features of claim 1 and by a roller press with the features of claim 8. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are
- the controlled system in the roller press comprises a signal indicating the detection of oscillatory movements, wherein the detection of the oscillatory motion in a simple embodiment comprises the simple detection of oscillatory movements of a specific frequency, a frequency range or a vibrational movement below a certain frequency with a minimum amplitude, and in a preferred embodiment of the method also the detection of selected vibration modes of the roller press can be.
- One mode of vibration is a movement pattern of the vibration movement within the entire roller press which is independent of another vibration pattern of the same roller press at the same time, most simply a longitudinal oscillatory motion and a transverse movement of the roller press. Since the roller press can have a large number of vibration patterns, the number and type of which is very dependent on the structure and the geometry of the roller press, Depending on the structure of the roller press, it may be advantageous to devote greater attention to a characteristic vibration pattern during control.
- a detector detects vibration movements, but that more than one detector are present at selected locations of the roller press and detect typical oscillatory motions in the form of a pattern. Only the pattern of a typical oscillation movement is forwarded by the control device as a control input variable in the control loop. If the intensity of the detected oscillation movement exceeds a minimum, only then does this lead to a reduction of the pressure in the nip.
- the control in the roller press may be configured as on-off control, but also as a continuous control that reduces the nip pressure proportionally or at least continuously with increasing vibration intensity.
- the measured variable in the controlled system is thus either the frequency of a measured oscillation movement, the amplitude of a measured oscillation movement or both measured variables together, for example, the measured signal is filtered out by a crossover, the expected frequency and the amount of filtered data in the form of an intensity variable, the controlled system received.
- the oscillation motion is thus measured via the signal of a crossover.
- the oscillatory movements can either be measured directly or they can also be measured indirectly.
- the direct measurement can be measured, for example, by tracking the signal of a strain gauge at selected locations of the roller press.
- vibration movements perpendicular to the extension of a frame member also very small semi-mechanical or semiconducting acceleration sensors or pendulum sensors, within which a damped pendulum, which has a corresponding restoring force by a mechanical suspension, resonates and these oscillations inductively or otherwise recorded.
- an acceleration sensor When detecting the oscillation movement, in particular when detecting patterns of individual oscillation movements, it must be ensured that an acceleration sensor generates a signal which leads the signal of a strain gauge by approx. Pi / 2 or one-quarter oscillation movement.
- the type of vibration detection or the type of detector used matches the very rough operating environment of a roller press. The smaller the sensor, the more sensitive it is usually to mechanical influences.
- an indirect size as Auxiliary size are measured to avoid that sensitive sensors must be arranged on the machine frame.
- the measurement of the time course of the pressure in the nip pressure generating hydraulic system is suitable.
- the pressure sensors may be housed in a protected location and the variation of pressure in the nip pressure generating hydraulic system is well suited for detecting the forward and backward movement of the rollers within the freedom of movement of the rollers on the slide rails of a loose roller.
- vibrations measured in this way are accompanied by a total rotational oscillation of the rollers or else to measure the torsional vibration of a roller, or the shaft in the drive.
- the torsional vibration and the rotational vibration are distinguishable by their frequency, their recovery time, and possibly also by the nature of the typical harmonics in the measured signal over time.
- rotational vibration the entire drive train is in a common mode until the roller, whereas in a torsional vibration part of the entire rotating part of the roller press is in push-pull to another part of the same rotating part of the roller press.
- the simple vibration measurement is suitable for averting damage to the roller press and it is also possible to operate the roller press with such a high pressure that the unwanted vibration movements just do not occur.
- the roller press can always be operated at the maximum of their performance, without the Roller press is less efficient due to overload and may even be damaged.
- the measurement of vibration motions with selection of typical vibration patterns or the frequency analysis by means of the harmonic analysis of the measured vibration movements also makes it possible to operate the roller press near the area of the nip pressure critical to vibration formation.
- the selection of vibration patterns by a microprocessor-driven control allows the advantage to filter out negligible vibration movements or causes of vibration movements, which are harmless, so that the roller press is not often operated because of mis-detection in the short term or longer term with lower nip pressure than necessary, whereby the averaged over time crushing capacity of the roller press decreases and in extreme cases, the circulation in a Kreislaufzerklein mecanicsstrom by unwanted vibration detection constantly outside the stationary state of equilibrium run what a high number of unnecessary control operations on the roller press entails, which can eventually lead to premature wear or malfunction of the roller press.
- the oscillatory movements of individual elements of the roller press occurring in a roller press show different types of vibration.
- the bending vibration of almost any elongated element for example, that of a carrier or an elongated connection in any shape is possible.
- This vibration can best be measured with an acceleration sensor, fully mechanical or semi-mechanical in the form of an integrated semiconductor with accelerometer function. All extending over a larger distance in the roller press elements may have oscillations in their length in the range of their elasticity, the vibration amplitudes were also very low.
- These longitudinal vibrations can be measured by placing the motion sensor at the end of the elongated member, as well as by placing a strain gauge in the middle of the length-changing member.
- Rotating elements such as the powertrain from the engine to the roller, can exhibit rotational vibrations, with the entire drive train rhythmically varying its rotational speed in unison, as well as torsional vibrations in which different parts of the driveline oscillate out of phase or out of phase. wherein the rotating element is rhythmically twisted within the limits of elasticity.
- a simple control device may optionally measure only one of these oscillatory motions as a vibrational motion signal, but also more than one and couple the signals together or filter out typical patterns from the detected vibrational patterns to ignore unavoidable vibrational motions in the circuit grinding system.
- causes for the detection of negligible vibration patterns may be: a bucket elevator, which rhythmically pours fresh produce onto the roller press, a conveyor belt that rhythmically promotes or vibrates itself, vibrations in the hydraulic system caused by a potentially hitting pump, or oscillations in the power consumption , which may occur due to oscillations of an adjacent roller press in the power supply and therefore form an undesirable electrical circuit with the drive train, can be filtered out.
- a particular embodiment of the control device performs a frequency analysis, wherein the frequency spectrum of the measured vibration movements is calculated decomposed into individual spectral components.
- the measured spectrum is decomposed by a real-time regression analysis into a composition of the vibration components, the composition being a vector of different linear factors of the total vibration. From this vector, a linear factor for an undesirable oscillatory motion is then picked out and based on this linear factor or due to the combination of different linear factors, the control input is generated for the control device.
- the damping of the nip pressure is greater or lesser, with stronger vibration damping of the nip pressure is greater or in other words, the more intense the detected vibration, of whatever qualitative nature, the lower the nip pressure adjusted and vice versa.
- the problem is how to route the signal from a moving shaft to a stationary control device. Since the shafts do not rotate at high speed, the strain gauge may be connected to electronics which are fixedly attached to the roller and transmit its data to a stationary control device by means of a radio or by means of an RFID chip. Since the electronics on the roll requires electrical power, this can be provided by an accumulator, which is constantly recharged by a coil / magnet combination.
- the coil is stationary on the shaft and the magnet is stationary on the machine frame and the two elements are placed so that the coil located on the shaft passes the magnet at each revolution through the shaft and thus an electrical current is generated inductively in the coil located on the roller, the accumulator or capacitor, depending according to power requirement of the measuring electronics, recharges.
- control loop may be simple electronics which reduce the nip pressure as a function of the intensity of a measured oscillatory motion, or a more complex microprocessor-controlled control device which has the advantage of providing information on the condition of the roller press as a by-product of the vibration conditions of the roller press can be derived.
- a frequency well below the rotational frequency of the rotating rollers indicates an improper function of the control of the fresh material loading.
- a frequency which is a simple or a whole multiple of the rotational frequency of the rollers can indicate an overload of the nip, which are made by a brief withdrawal of the hydraulic pressure, which happens comparatively quickly.
- Detected oscillations of short duration and high frequency indicate the passage of a material that can not be shredded, which may pass through the roller press several times in circulation and thus destroy it. This can be used as a warning for a roller press stop or at least circulation stop a Kreislaufmahlstrom.
- a frequency which is significantly higher than the rotational frequency of the rolls but in time with the roll revolution frequency indicates a bearing damage. Even higher frequencies may eventually indicate disturbances of an inverter in the electrical supply. Through the frequency analysis, so much information can be found that can be read in the control room and give the operator useful and valuable information on the operating condition of the roller press.
- FIG. 1 a generic roller press 1 is shown, which has two counter-rotating rollers 2, which are accommodated in a machine frame 3, which in turn is equipped at different positions with sensors 4 for the detection of oscillatory movements.
- the two rollers 2 of the roller press 1 are pressed against each other via hydraulic rams 5, of which only one is provided with a reference numeral, but without touching each other.
- a feed device not shown here, the fresh material to be crushed is fed to the nip 6 of the roller press 1 and thereby crushed by the prevailing between the two rotating rollers 2 pressure.
- strain gauges 4 are mounted as sensors for detecting vibration movements.
- the vibrations measured by the strain gauges 4 are forwarded to an evaluation device (not shown here), where the amplitude and / or the frequency of the measured oscillation movement are compared with a previously determined desired value.
- Exceeds the amplitude at a given frequency, a critical value the pressure in the pressure cylinder 5 is correspondingly reduced, whereby the pressure in the nip 6 decreases. If the intensity of the oscillatory movement due to the reduction of the nip pressure again reaches below the predetermined critical range, the pressure is slowly increased again by a control strategy preferably by PID-method, so that the roller press 1 always operates in a pressure range, directly to the adjacent critical area.
- Fig. 2 a flow chart of a control loop of the method invention is shown. Beginning with step 1, the time course of the signal of a strain gauge, an acceleration sensor, the pressure in the nip pressure generating hydraulic system or the current consumption of the drive of the rollers in the roller press is measured. These data are processed, for example, a frequency filtering is performed or the frequency spectrum is processed and reduced to a few linear factors of different spectral components and compared in step 3 with a target value. If the setpoint is reached, it is decided in step 2, whether a control intervention should take place and if affirmative, the pressure in the nip is reduced in step 3. At this point, the first cycle closes.
- step 1 the time course of the signal of a strain gauge, an acceleration sensor, the pressure in the nip pressure generating hydraulic system or the current consumption of the drive of the rollers in the roller press is measured. These data are processed, for example, a frequency filtering is performed or the frequency spectrum is processed and reduced to a few linear factors of different spectral components
- a different path is followed which results in a steady increase in nip pressure until the critical nip pressure value is reached and again taken back.
- a known control strategy is followed, for example, a PID control strategy by which a slow approximation of the manipulated variable is achieved to a value without the control loop oscillates.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)
- Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Tyre Moulding (AREA)
- Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102011018705.7A DE102011018705C5 (de) | 2011-04-26 | 2011-04-26 | Verfahren zur Regelung des Walzenspaltdrucks einer Rollenpresse und Rollenpresse |
PCT/EP2012/055191 WO2012146446A1 (de) | 2011-04-26 | 2012-03-23 | Verfahren zur regelung des walzenspaltdrucks einer rollenpresse |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2701845A1 EP2701845A1 (de) | 2014-03-05 |
EP2701845B1 true EP2701845B1 (de) | 2018-08-29 |
Family
ID=45928856
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP12711828.9A Active EP2701845B1 (de) | 2011-04-26 | 2012-03-23 | Verfahren zur regelung des walzenspaltdrucks einer rollenpresse |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9498779B2 (da) |
EP (1) | EP2701845B1 (da) |
CN (1) | CN103492079B (da) |
CL (1) | CL2013002855A1 (da) |
DE (1) | DE102011018705C5 (da) |
DK (1) | DK2701845T3 (da) |
RU (1) | RU2604509C2 (da) |
SA (1) | SA112330474B1 (da) |
UA (1) | UA108162C2 (da) |
WO (1) | WO2012146446A1 (da) |
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DE102013200578A1 (de) | 2013-01-16 | 2014-07-17 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Antriebsregelung |
DE102013110981A1 (de) * | 2013-10-02 | 2015-04-02 | Thyssenkrupp Industrial Solutions Ag | Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Anlage mit wenigstens einem Aggregat, das eine rotierende Oberfläche aufweist |
US20160199841A1 (en) * | 2015-01-12 | 2016-07-14 | Kwok Fai Edmund SO | Ceramic material granulator |
CN106670237A (zh) * | 2016-12-19 | 2017-05-17 | 苏州唐氏机械制造有限公司 | 单向可微调压辊机构 |
CN106827617A (zh) * | 2016-12-19 | 2017-06-13 | 苏州唐氏机械制造有限公司 | 单向微调可控压辊机构 |
CN106734229A (zh) * | 2016-12-19 | 2017-05-31 | 苏州唐氏机械制造有限公司 | 微调可控压辊机构 |
SE541957C2 (en) | 2017-11-10 | 2020-01-14 | Metso Sweden Ab | A deflection distributor refitting kit, a method for mounting and a roller crusher comprising such kit |
US11325133B1 (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2022-05-10 | Pearson Incorporated | Systems and methods for monitoring the roll diameter and shock loads in a milling apparatus |
US11077446B2 (en) * | 2018-10-01 | 2021-08-03 | Metso Outotec USA Inc. | Startup sequence for roller crusher |
CN111250215B (zh) * | 2018-11-30 | 2021-08-17 | 南京梅山冶金发展有限公司 | 一种辊式破碎机辊缝的辊缝调节方法 |
PE20212350A1 (es) * | 2019-05-09 | 2021-12-16 | Metso Outotec Usa Inc | Chancador de rodillos |
CA3139077A1 (en) * | 2019-05-09 | 2020-11-12 | Metso Outotec USA Inc. | Crushing device |
PE20212339A1 (es) * | 2019-05-09 | 2021-12-16 | Metso Outotec Usa Inc | Dispositivo chancador |
CN111215233B (zh) * | 2019-11-19 | 2022-03-18 | 成都九泰科技有限公司 | 辊压机***控制纠偏与压力控制方法 |
DE102020110468A1 (de) | 2020-04-17 | 2021-10-21 | Khd Humboldt Wedag Gmbh | Verfahren zur Regelung der Dämpfung der Bewegung einer Presswalze einer Hochdruckwalzenpresse und korrespondierende Hochdruckwalzenpresse |
DE102020114815A1 (de) | 2020-06-04 | 2021-12-09 | Maschinenfabrik Köppern GmbH & Co KG | Verfahren zur Überwachung einer Hochdruck-Walzenpresse |
CN111974493A (zh) * | 2020-08-12 | 2020-11-24 | 南昌升升科技有限公司 | 一种石化炼油环保型废渣排出装置 |
CN112123518A (zh) * | 2020-10-22 | 2020-12-25 | 平邑中联水泥有限公司 | 一种动态智能控制辊压机 |
DE102021103889B4 (de) | 2021-02-18 | 2024-03-07 | Khd Humboldt Wedag Gmbh | Hochdruckwalzenpresse mit vibrierenden Seitenwänden |
US11801516B2 (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2023-10-31 | Metso Outotec USA Inc. | Roller crusher, a method for monitoring physical conditions thereof, and a refitting kit |
CN115606827B (zh) * | 2022-10-09 | 2023-08-04 | 上海盘点食品科技有限公司 | 一种豆制品加工的豆干胚压制设备 |
CN116147700B (zh) * | 2023-01-28 | 2023-09-22 | 长三角信息智能创新研究院 | 辊压机故障识别方法、装置及电子设备 |
CN116337501B (zh) * | 2023-05-26 | 2023-08-18 | 合肥中亚建材装备有限责任公司 | 一种无机非金属物料运动料床压稳性检测装置及方法 |
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DE19715210C2 (de) * | 1997-04-11 | 2001-02-22 | Steinecker Maschf Anton | Mahlspaltverstellung |
RU2159272C1 (ru) * | 2000-01-31 | 2000-11-20 | Белкин Евгений Константинович | Солододробилка |
DE10132067A1 (de) | 2001-07-05 | 2003-01-16 | Buehler Ag | Verfahren zur Betriebszustandsüberwachung von Walzenstühlen |
CA2456566C (en) | 2003-01-31 | 2008-12-02 | Universidad Tecnica Federico Santa Maria | System and method of measuring and classifying the impacts inside a revolving mill used in mineral grinding |
DE102005040978A1 (de) * | 2005-08-29 | 2007-03-08 | Bühler AG | Verfahren zur Überwachung des Betriebszustandes rotierender Walzen in einer industriellen Anlage |
RU2337756C1 (ru) | 2007-01-31 | 2008-11-10 | Константин Евсеевич Белоцерковский | Способ управления технологическими параметрами конусной дробилки |
DE102008046921B4 (de) * | 2008-09-12 | 2010-06-17 | Polysius Ag | Verfahren zur Überwachung des Belastungszustandes einer Mahlanlage sowie Mahlanlage mit Überwachungseinrichtung |
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2011
- 2011-04-26 DE DE102011018705.7A patent/DE102011018705C5/de active Active
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- 2012-03-23 UA UAA201313542A patent/UA108162C2/ru unknown
- 2012-03-23 CN CN201280019615.8A patent/CN103492079B/zh active Active
- 2012-03-23 EP EP12711828.9A patent/EP2701845B1/de active Active
- 2012-03-23 US US14/113,331 patent/US9498779B2/en active Active
- 2012-03-23 WO PCT/EP2012/055191 patent/WO2012146446A1/de active Application Filing
- 2012-03-23 RU RU2013149636/13A patent/RU2604509C2/ru active
- 2012-03-23 DK DK12711828.9T patent/DK2701845T3/da active
- 2012-04-23 SA SA112330474A patent/SA112330474B1/ar unknown
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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SA112330474B1 (ar) | 2015-09-28 |
CN103492079A (zh) | 2014-01-01 |
US20140048634A1 (en) | 2014-02-20 |
CL2013002855A1 (es) | 2014-02-14 |
UA108162C2 (uk) | 2015-03-25 |
US9498779B2 (en) | 2016-11-22 |
WO2012146446A1 (de) | 2012-11-01 |
EP2701845A1 (de) | 2014-03-05 |
DE102011018705C5 (de) | 2020-03-26 |
DK2701845T3 (da) | 2019-01-02 |
CN103492079B (zh) | 2016-01-06 |
RU2013149636A (ru) | 2015-06-10 |
DE102011018705A1 (de) | 2012-10-31 |
RU2604509C2 (ru) | 2016-12-10 |
DE102011018705B4 (de) | 2014-02-13 |
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