EP2588564A1

EP2588564A1 - Cell for conditioning and improving of soil, as well as process for production and allocation to the soil of it

Info

Publication number: EP2588564A1
Application number: EP11800252.6A
Authority: EP
Inventors: László Endrödi
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2010-06-29
Filing date: 2011-06-22
Publication date: 2013-05-08
Also published as: WO2012001435A1; EP2588564A4

Abstract

The subject of the invention is a cell for conditioning and improving of soil, as well as a process for production and allocation to the soil of it, said cell (1) is situated around the roots and depending on its shape, size and location in the soil keeps the water, respectively ventilates the soil, and depending on the material of the cell wall (2), in given case it can even provide nutrients. The invention is a cell (1) for conditioning and improving of soil, having a cell wall (2) of non-hygroscopic, or hygroscopic material, and an inner space (34), bordered by the cell wall (2). The cell (1) is an arched tube of half torus shell, or a formation similar to a half torus shell shape, with smooth and/or rough surface, having a coherent, bordered inner space (34) and countable openings (3), preferably two openings (3). The invention is a cell (1) for conditioning and improving of soil, having a cell wall (2) of non-hygroscopic, or hygroscopic material, and an inner space (34), bordered by the cell wall (2). The cell (1) is a bowl-like shell shape, in given case a hemisphere shell, a flattened hemisphere shell with a coherent bordered inner space (34) and an opening (3), with smooth, and/or rough surface. The invention is furthermore a method for producing cell (1) for improving and conditioning of the soil, during of the method the materials of the cell (1), binding materials, and in given case the powder fraction (23) of the soil to be treated (16) as filling material are mixed in a mixing container (24) with the known method with the help of a mixing unit (27). Then the raw material of the cell (1) is placed into a press, preferably into a screw press (28), where the cell (1) of required shape is formed. Then the humid, ground wet cells (1) are dried with a drier (29), or in given case they are dried in a spread state, in a ventillated space for a longer time. Then the dried cells (1) are packed into bags and used as per demand.

Description

Cell for conditioning and improving of soil, as well as process for production and allocation to the soil of it

The subject of the invention is a cell for conditioning and improving of soil, as well as a process for production and allocation to the soil of it, said cell is situated around the roots and depending on its shape, size and location in the soil keeps the water, respectively ventilates the soil, and depending on the material of the cell wall, in given case it can even provide nutrients.

Water is to be found in the soil primarily bound by capillary forces, and the quantity of water of capillary potential fills up the pores of capillary size, capillary diameter. Water is bound in the soil by other forces as well. Furthermore a part of the water is strongly bound to the soil colloids, and the binding energies (matrix potential) on the solid surface of the ground are so high, that the water bound to the surface is not available for the plants, they can not absorb it, that is the plant starts withering in lack of water absorption. The same effect can be noticed in case of soil elements of porous structure, even if the surface of water absorption is big, but the water is not accessible for the plant, and the matrix potential formed on the surface is too high in the pores. Plants are able to utilize the socalled absorbable quantity of water, bound with a smaller force, than the withering point.

The same situation occurs during the mineralization of the organic components of the soil and the mineral materials put into the soil during fertilization, which are bound on the surface of the soil colloids. One part of the mineral resources of the soil is bound to colloids, the other part can be found in the form of a water solution (soil solution).

In case of a longer period of lack of precipitation, the roots grow toward the direction of humidity. On dry soil the growth of the roots speeds up, it spreads more and more looking for the moist soil layers. In such cases the plant utilizes the nutrients and water taken from the soil for increasing the roots, and not for improving the parts of the plant above the ground.

Artificially made clay granules, swollen perlite, mixed into the soil, is used in agriculture to increase the ability of the soil for keeping the water and airing the soil. Supply of nutrients is ensured eg. with fertilizer granules and micro elements. To set the pH value of the soil, primarily for decreasing it, water with citric acid, or nitric acid are used for irrigation. The drawback of the using of the abovementioned components is, that they are present separately around the root of the plant and their joint effect can only be partly realized. Resulting from watering, nutrients easily seep away in sandy soil without being useful for the plant. Nutrient blocks are used, or such solutions, where the fertilizer particles are provided with a coat, resulting in an uniform resolving of the nutrient from the particle under the effect of water, however even this case the airing and water keeping of the soil at the roots of the plant is still not solved. In too humid soil, in lack of air, it is difficult for the plant to feed well, in too compact, solid soil the plant also struggles because of the lack of air, and at the same time it is also difficult for the water to find routes. In an airless soil medium the territory of microorganisms is limited and their useful transfoirning activity does not serve the root surroundings. Appropriate humidity in the root surroundings realizes the supply and solution of the nutrients.

The root surroundings are optimal in a soil medium free of harmful salts and materials, if the collective presence of the suitable quantity of air, nutrients and water is ensured. In case the collective presence of the air, nutrients and water is granted in the medium of proper reaction, then the proper functioning of the plants is ensured regarding the expectations of root surroundings.

The state of the art German patent application DE 19750952 describes plant granules, which contain on the one hand non-calcinated mineral materials of open pores, and they can reversibly adsorb water and nutrients and/or growth-stimulants, on the other hand they contain minerals as binding materials. The granule is used for growing potted plants on roof terraces, in underground garages and for special gardening purposes. Preferred materials: including a mineral and organic filling material. It can contain an alkaline or an acidic composition to regulate pH and nutrients, and/or growth- stimulants. Particle size is 0.06 - 20 mm (preferably 2-10 mm), of porous structure. The binding material, preferably cement is present in 2-20 mass% (preferably 7-10 mass%). The carrier material is made of paper pulp, waste material of paper and bentonite production, mud, gravels and sand in 10-80 mass% (preferably 20-60 mass %). The organic filling material consists of compost, mold and/or wastewater. The pH regulating component is calcium-carbonate. Nutrients are compiled from nutrient-mixtures containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and/or magnesium.

Hungarian patent HU 204485 makes known a granulated plant nutrient of retard effect which contains carrier material of polymer base, fertilizers of N, P205, K20 agents, as well as mezo and micro elements. The product contains a nutrient solution or dispersion of regenerated cellulose of 85-90 mass% - or in given case regenerated cellulose modified with a natural polymer, preferably with starch - and a micro-porous cellulose pearl carrier of 2-4 mm particle size, 200-350 g/dm3 density, 8-10 g/m2 specific pore- surface, containing 10-15 mass% water, and 5-10 mass% macro elements in a capsuled form, containing 3-28 mass% nitrogen, - 3-14 mass% P205-, 3-21 mass% K20, as well as micro elements of 10-15 mass% in complex form, 15-45 mass% water and in given case a stabilizer of 0.1-14 mass%, where the mass ration of the nutrient solution or dispersion is 1 :4— 4:1.

Japanese JP 10167870 patent application describes an organic fertilizer. The full amount of the fertilizer depicted in the application is formed as a thin rod with a hole through its axe. The fertilizer is useful in improving the efficiency of fertilizers, because it is able to get the fertilizer near the roots resulting from the ability of the fertilizer to stand in the soil. To avoid rotting of the roots the dangerous gases are led into the outer air through the hole in the rod. As the fertilizer can stand independently and is placed permanently in the soil, it is suitable to prevent a quick effect of water getting into the inside of the through hole making possible the procreation of soil bacteria.

The drawbacks of the abovementioned and applied solutions present themselves even in the porous structure, namely for example in the case of the carcinated clay ball and swollen perlite, the filling up with water is a slow process, especially if the balls are entirely surrounded by water (flood irrigation) consequently this time the air is stuck into the pores. If the water is already inside, it can not be used by the plant directly, as matrix potential that is the mono water layer bound to the surface is high in the pores. Here the root has no access to the water, can not absorb it. Symbiosis between plants and microorganisms can not take place, namely a structure of such porosity can not ensure living conditions for useful bacteria and fungi. It is well known, that plants can take up nutrients in the form of aquated ions, and these are also ensured by the acitivity of bacteria and fungi, or the roots of the plant emits acidic fluid around itself to ionize the nutrients.

When working out the solution according to the invention we aimed at creating such a solution for the improving and conditioning of soil, which can increase the water retaining ability of the upper layer of the soil used for agriculture in such a way that the water permeability of the soil is kept, and the loose, airy structure of the soil is kept as well, and the living space of the micro organisms and fungi in the soil is increased and the quantity of fertilizers and water used is decreased, and the leaching of the soil is slowed down and the energy for tilth is decreased in such a way, that the given soil can be improved even in site with the help of simple devices.

When working out the solution according to the invention, we realized, that in case a cell with inner space bordered with walls, with, or without moisture capacity is formed in such a way, that the cell is an arched tube, in given case a half torus shell, or similar to a half torus shell, or a bowl-like, scallop shape or in given case a shell of hemisphere shape, or a flattened hemisphere shape having coherent, bordered inner space, and countable openings, preferably two openings and the wall of said cell has smooth or rough surface, then the set aim can be achieved.

Furthermore we also realized, that for production of the cell in the mixing container we can use the materials forming the material of the cell, binding materials, and in given case the powder fraction of the soil to be treated as a filling material mixed together with the help of a mixing unit, then the material forming the material of the cell is put into a press, preferably into a screw press, where the cells of the required shape are formed, then the still moist, ground-wet cells are dried with the help of a drier, or in given case air them in a spreaded position in a ventilated space.

We furthermore realized, that the production of the cell can take place in a chemical or physical way, and/or with a technology of creating a bonding set in air, or by a hydraulic method. On top of that we also realized, that the cell can be put into the soil near the root of the plant or the seed manually or mechanically. We furthermore realized, that in case the cell is placed into the upper 2-50 cm layer of the soil before putting plants or seeds into it, then the set aim can be achieved.

The invention is a cell for conditioning and improving of soil, having a cell wall of non- hygroscopic, or hygroscopic material, and an inner space, bordered by the cell wall. The cell is in given case an arched tube of half torus shell, or a formation similar to a half torus shell shape, with smooth and/or rough surface, having a coherent, bordered inner space and countable openings, preferably two openings.

The invention further a cell for conditioning and improving of soil, made of hygroscopic, or non-hygroscopic material for the cell wall and having an inner space bordered by the cell wall.

The cell is a bowl-like shell shape, in given case a hemisphere shell, a flattened hemisphere shell with a coherent bordered inner space and an opening, with smooth, and/or rough surface.

In one preferred embodiement of the cell according to the invention, the opening or openings are formed as flattened, or contracted openings.

In another preferred embodiement of the cell according to the invention, the cell made of hygroscopic material is enriched with nutrients and pH regulator.

In a further preferred embodiement of the cell according to the invention, the material of the cell is a binding material, or the combination of a binding material and a filling material.

In a further preferred embodiement of the cell according to the invention, the raw material of it is clay, or burned clay and or alginite and/or the composition of these.

In a further preferred embodiement of the cell according to the invention, the material of the cell is perlite, or burned perlite, and or alginite and/or binding material mixture.

In preferred method for applying the cell according to the invention the cell is applied together with soil improving additives, in given case fertilizers, and/or peat, and/or swollen perlite, and/or burned clay balls.

The invention furthermore a method for producing cell for improving and conditioning of the soil, during of the method the materials of the cell, binding materials, and in given case the powder fraction of the soil to be treated as filling material are mixed in a mixing container with the known method with the help of a mixing unit. Then the raw material of the cell is placed into a press, preferably into a screw press, where the cell of required shape is formed. Then the humid, ground wet cells are dried with a drier, or in given case they are dried in a spread state, in a ventillated space for a longer time. Then the dried cells are packed into bags and used as per demand. The invention furthermore a method for producing cell for improving and conditioning of the soil, during of which method the cell is produced by chemical, or physical way and/or with a technology creating a bonding setting in air, or bonding is created by a hydraulic way.

The invention furthermore a method for allocating cell to the soil for improving and conditioning of the soil, during of which the ready-made, dried cell is placed near the root surroundings of the plant or seed when planted, with traditional manual method.

The invention furthermore a method for allocating cell to the soil for improving and conditioning of the soil, during of which the ready-made, dried cell is placed near the root surroundings of the plant or seed when planted, mechanically, with a device suitable for the purpose.

The invention furthermore a method for allocating cell to the soil for improving and conditioning of the soil, during of which before planting the plants or seeds, the cells are worked into the upper layer of the soil, in given case in a depth of 2-50 cm.

In a further preferred application of the method according to the invention in given case cells and additional, soil improving materials are allocated to the soil, in given case to a soil of sand, clay, loess, leached soil, not suitable for growing plants, in given case micro organisms, fungi, creating topsoil.

In a further preferred application of the method according to the invention the cells function as the carrier material of microorganisms, or the cells mixed with microorganisms, or with the help of microorganisms, mixed into the raw material of the cell, together they create fertilizer, bacterium fertilizer, biological nutrient, plant conditioning, crop increasing material complex.

The solution according to the invention is furthermore set forth by the enclosed drawings:

The Fig 1 shows a possible preferable realization of the cell according to the invention in view.

The Fig 2 shows another possible preferable realization of the cell according to the invention in view.

The Fig 3 shows a further possible preferable realization of the cell according to the invention in view.

The Fig 4 shows a further possible realization of the cell according to the invention in view.

The Fig 5 shows the cell depicted in the Fig 1 in the soil in a possible space, in section. The Fig 6 shows the cell depicted in the Fig 1 in the soil in a further possible space, in section.

The Fig 7 shows the cell depicted in the Fig 1 in the soil, in root surroundings, in a possible space, in section. The Fig 8 shows a further possible realization of the cell according to the invention in view.

Te Fig 9 shows a further possible realization of the cell according to the invention in view.

The Fig 10 shows a flow-chart of a possible realization of the production of the cell according to the invention.

The Fig 11 shows a possible formation of an unit for the in-site production and allocation to the soil of the cell according to the invention.

The Fig 1 shows a possible preferable realization of the cell 1 according to the invention in view. The cell 1 made of hygroscopic or non-hygroscopic material, having an inner space 34 bordered with a cell wall 2, the shape of said cell 1 this case is an arched tube, in given case with a half torus shell shape, or a shape similar to a half torus shell geometric shape. The cell 1 has cell walls 2 of„S" thickness, furthermore two openings 3.

The Fig 2 shows another possible preferable realization of the cell 1 according to the invention in view. In the drawing the cell 1 made of hygroscopic, or non-hygroscoic material, having an inner space 34 bordered with a cell wall 2, the geometrical shape of cell 1 this case is formed similar to the arched tube depicted in the Fig 1. This case however the cell 1 formed with cell wall 2 is formed with an opening 3 and a contracted opening 4. The contracted opening 4 of smaller surface helps preventing the quick evaporation of the water flown into the cell 1, so this solution can ensure water for the root 7 of the plant, as the surface of evaporation is limited only to the opening 3.

The Fig 3 shows a further possible realization of the cell 1 according to the invention in view. In the drawing the cell 1 made of hygroscopic, or non-hygroscopic material, having an inner space 34 bordered with a cell wall 2, the geometrical shape of cell 1 this case is a bowl-like scallop shape. The drawing shows the cell wall 2 of„S" thickness of the cell 1, furthermore it can be seen, that this geometrical form has an opening 3. This case resulting from the big size of the opening 3 the evaporating surface of the cell 1 is quite big, namely if the cell 1 has the opening 3 in the upper part when placed into the soil, then the water evaporates very quickly from it. However if the cell 1 gets into soil by chance with the opening 3 turned down, then the air in it can be very beneficial in creating an airy soil structure.

The Fig 4 shows a further possible realization of the cell 1 according to the invention in view. It can be seen in the drawing that the geometrical formation of the cell 1 this case is an irregular space configuration of arched tube with two openings 3. The benefit of this formation is, that it can retain more water, or air.

The Fig 5 shows the cell 1 depicted in the Fig 1 in the soil in a possible space in section. In the drawing the cell 1 can be seen placed in the soil 21, this case a bit tilted, with the openings 3 upturn. This case a part of the inside of the cell 1 is filled with water 5 and the remaining part is filled with air 6. The Fig 6 shows the cell 1 depicted in Fig 1 in the soil in a further possible space in section. In the drawing cell 1 can be seen. This case cell 1 is placed in the soil 21 with its openings 3 downturn. Here the inner space of the cell is filled with air 6.

The Fig 7 shows the cell 1 depicted in Fig 1 in the soil in root surroundings, in a possible space in section. Cell 1 can be seen in the drawing with its openings 3 upturn. This case a part of the inner space of the cell is filled with water 5, whereas the remaining part is filled with air 6. While looking for water, air and nutrients, the root 7 of the plant found the inner space of the cell 1, growing into which found absolutely beneficial surroundings, ensuring the absorption of the necessary nutrients.

The Fig 8 shows a further possible formation of the realization of the cell 1 according to the invention in view. The drawing depicts a cell 1 of spiral tube form. With this shape it is possible to retain even more water and air.

The Fig 9 shows a further possible formation of the realization of the cell 1 according to the invention in view. The drawing shows a cell 1 of straight tube formation. This cell 1 formation primarily ensures the retention of air 6 in the soil for the roots of the plants. This shape is not appropriate for the retention of water resulting from its geometric formation.

The Fig 10 shows a flow-chart of a possible realization of the production of the cell 1 according to the invention. In the first phase of the production of the cell 1 the removing of the soil to be treated 16 and filling 8 of it take place. Then the crushing 9 of the soil to be treated 16, then the sizing 10 come, as the production of cell 1 is possible only with using (soil) powder fraction 23 from the soil. Following this the (soil) powder fraction

23 is mixed 11 together with water, binding material and in case of demand with nutrients, then the cells 1 are produced by pressing 12. This is followed by the drying 13 of the ground wet cells 1 produced this way, then comes the spreading 14 of the cells 1 onto the ground, then in the known way by soil rotating 15 the cells 1 are rotated into the soil 21.

The Fig 11 shows a possible formation of an unit for the in-site production and allocation to the soil of the cell 1 according to the invention. The first unit of the device for producing and working of cells 31, the soil pick-up-spreader device 17 can be seen in the drawing, sending the soil to be treated 16 into the container 18, where it is crushed with the help of the crushing rollers 19. The crushed soil is sized with the help of the vibration sieve 20. The soil 21 fraction of bigger particles is to be led back, whereas the (soil) powder fraction 23 is put into the mixing container 24 with the help of the conveyor 22. The powder fraction 23 of the soil is mixed in the mixing container

24 with the water from the watertank 25 and the binding material from the binding material container 26 and in case of demand with the nutrients from the nutrient container 32 with the help of the mixing unit 27. The mixed raw material gets from the mixing container 24 into the screw press 28, where the cells 1 are produced by pressing. The cells 1 are dried in the drier 29, or they are partly dried, then they are spread and worked into the soil 21. Working of the cells 1 into the soil to be treated 16 can take place with using traditional rotary tiller 33 like disc harrow, or plough. By this movement the improved soil 30 is produced.

In a beneficial and preferable realization of the cell 1 according to the invention an arched tube is formed, made of non-hygroscopic material. The shape of the arched tube is like a half torus shell, or similar to a half torus shell geometrical formation, that is, this space formation can ensure the water retention capacity of the cell 1 in case the openings 3 of the cell 1 are upturn, or close to this position, respectively in case the inside of the cell 1 is not completely filled with water, then in the remaining inner space 34 air can be retained. In case the cell 1 stands in the soil with its openings 3 downturn, that case it can naturally ventilate.

In given case it is preferable to flatten one of the openings 3 of the cell 1 of arched tube shape, forming a contracted opening 4, ensuring a smaller surface for evaporation. This way water for the root 7 of the plant is ensured for a longer time. In case of demand both openings 3 of the cell 1 of arched tube shape can be flattened.

A further beneficial and preferable realization of the cell 1 according to the invention is, when a cell 1 is formed from an irregular arched tube, or a spiral tube formation. In case of these formations the inner space of the cell 1 can be further increased, resulting in the increase of its air and water retention capacity. Resulting from the geometrical formation of these space forms, the water inside is kept in a trap, even when the soil surrounding it is already dried.

A further beneficial and preferable realization of the cell 1 according to the invention is, when a space formation of bowl-like shell made of non-hygroscopic material is used, in given case it can be formed as a hemisphere, having an opening 3 of big size. In given case it is preferable to flatten a little the opening 3 of the cell 1 of this shape in order to decrease evaporation.

In case of producing the cell 1 in an optional form from an optional material, it is preferable to make the cell wall 2 of the cell 1 ribbed, rough, to promote clinging of the roots.

The abovementioned formations of cells 1 of non-hygroscopic material, respectively the space formations made from the combination of these are suitable to stay in the soil for a long time without erosing, so they ensure the proper water retention capacity of the upper layer of the improved soil 30 worked with the non-hygroscopic cell 1.

A further beneficial and preferable realization of the cell 1 according to the invention is, when the production of the cell 1 takes place from a non-hygroscopic material, for example from plastic, from a biologically degradable material, furthermore from the combination of mineral filling material, cement, polymer with methods known in the trade (extrusion, injection molding, pressing etc.). 8

9

A further beneficial and preferable realization of the cell 1 according to the invention is, that the ways of forming the cell 1 described above, that is the arched tube, irregular arched tube form, spiral tube shape, bowl-like shell shape space formations, and several other shapes formed from the combination of these are made of hygroscopic materials of porous structure. This case the cells 1 go through a slow process of weathering resulting from the raw material and the contact with the water in the soil, respectively the water in their inner space. This case the rate of the solving of the material of the cell 1 can be determined by the choice of the raw material and binding material of the cell 1. Accordingly the number of months or years can be determined for the given cell 1 to weather away in the soil under given water loading. Water soluble special nutrients, macro and micro elements, pH regulators can be added preferably to the raw material of the cell wall 2 of the cell 1 made of material weathering in water, complying with the demands of the given plants grown there.

The cells 1 can be mixed with inoculating materials e.g.mikorrhiza, or with rhizobium bacteria, pesticides.

The cells 1 can be added to other soil improving materials, eg. peat, manure, artificial soil, swollen pearlite, clay granules, mikorrhiza inoculating material.

When choosing the material of the cell 1, in case either a hygroscopic, that is weathering away finish, or a non-hygroscopic formation, when no water is absorbed, it can be determined if the raw material of the cell 1 consists only of binding material or only filling material, or a fixed rate mixture of binding material and filling material.

A possible realization of the hygroscopic formation of the cell 1 according to the invention is, when the raw materials of the cell 1 are put into the mixing container 24. Filling material, preferably (soil) powder fraction 23 created during fractioning the soil to be treated 16, water, binding material and nutrients as per demand. The nutrients can be fed from a separate container, but in given case it can be solved beforehand in the water fed. The materials fed are mixed in the mixing container 24 in the known way with the help of the mixing unit 27, then the material for the cell 1 is put into a press, preferably into a screw press 28, where the cell 1 of the required shape is formed. This time the cell 1 is still wet, ground wet, so the drying comes with the help of the drier 29, but in given case drying is also possible by spreading in an aired space for a longer time. Following this the cells 1 can be used as per demand. They are packed into bags for marketing in commercial form, in case the productionof the cell 1 takes place in site, then it is worked into the soil.

In case the production of cells 1 takes place in-site, that is the device for producing and working of cells 31 is transported to the respective area with the soil to be treated 16, then the production and allocation of the cells 1 into the soil can take place directly together with the allocation of the soil to be treated 16.

With this solution sterile soil can be made suitable for growing plants by allocating the cell 1, obviously beside ensuring manure as well. Allocation of the cells 1 into the soil can take place in the known way. manually, or mechanically. The allocation of the cell 1 into the root surroundings of the plant can take place in such a way, that at the time of placing the seedlings outdoors, or sowing of seeds, a handful of cells 1 is spread into the hollow for the plant and place the seedling or the seeds on it and cover it with soil. Allocation of the cells 1 into the soil can take place in such a way as well, when the cells 1 are put into the furrow formed for the seeds mechanically, or manually together with the seeds and then the furrows are covered in the known way.

Allocation of the cells 1 into the soil can take place in such a way as well, that the cells 1 are not only placed directly near the root, but the whole area of the ground is worked with the cells 1, forming this way the improved soil 30. This case it is preferable to work the cells in 2-30 cm depth, working them in preferably mechanically. In case of located plants the required quantity of cells 1 can be placed in hollows formed near the roots. In case of growing plants with hydroculture, application of cell 1 can be optimally utilized. In given case at forming green roofs it is absolutely suitable to decrease the loading, as the roof-loading can be decreased to one-third compared with the loading/m2 of the normal mass of soil.

The size of the cell 1 according to the invention can depend on the type of the plant whose surroundings it should be worked. In case of smaller plants, like eg. tomatos, green pepper, plants with the size of annual flowers a cell 1 of the size of a bean, or a walnut is the optimal choice. However in case of plants of bigger size, or possibly in case of saplings, it is preferable to use a bigger size, eg. ping-pong ball size, or even bigger size cell 1.

Determining the„S" thickness of the cell wall 2 of the cell 1 according to the invention depends on the material and size of the cell 1. In case the material of the cell 1 is non- hygroscopic, then the„S" thickness should be chosen complying with the production parameters of the given non-hygroscopic material, namely in case of plastics, biodegradable materials it is very thin, 0.1-1.0 mm, in case of cells 1 of cement, and/or natural polymer bonding it is 0.5-2 mm. In case the material of the cell 1 weathers away in water and contains nutrients, then it is preferable to choose bigger thickness„S" for the cell wall 2 of the cell 1, 1-5 mm thickness, as this case the cell 1 constantly forwards solved nutrients toward the roots of the plant. However you must be careful when determining the„S" thickness to ensure, that the inside and the opening 3 of the cell 1 is properly permeable for the water and roots. In case we wish to use the cell 1 as a nutrition cell, then 2-3 pieces should be put to the root of the houseplant.

The cell 1 according to the invention can be produced from clay by burning. This case the cell 1 is of porous structure, that is the cell wall 2 is able to absorb a certain quantity of water, but resulting from its formation the cell 1 itself can also retain water and air, and it keeps its shape and water retention, airing capacity for a long time.

The cells 1 according to the invention are randomly placed into the soil 21. In case the cell 1 is placed in the soil 21 with the opening 3 upturn, or partially upturn, then it retains water, like a bowl, filling its complete inside, or only partially. In case the opening 3 of the cell 1 is downturn, or partially downturn in the soil 21 , then it retains air, that is it ventilates the soil.

Not depending on the location of the cells 1, in case the cell wall 2 of the cell 1 is made of a water soluble nutrient, then the water inside the cell 1, or in given case resulting from the groundwater or ground humidity surrounding the cell 1, the nutrient is resolved from the cell wall 2, feeding the plant to a proper extent. The production technology of the cell 1 makes the gradual transmitting of nutrients possible.

The cell 1 formations according to the invention can be filled in in given case with tiny soil particles, forming a porous part inside the cell 1, which also retains water or air, and even improves the efficiency of the functioning of the cell 1.

A possible composition of the cell wall 2 of the cell 1 for organic gardeners using 100% alginit is as follows:

nitrogen (N) min. 2,000 mg/kg

phosphorus (P205) min. 3,500 mg/kg

potassium (K20) min. 6,800 mg/kg

calcium Ca) min. 60,000 mg/kg

magnesium (Mg) min. 30,000 mg kg

iron (Fe) min. 28,000 mg/kg

sulphur (S) min. 1,700 mg/kg

manganese (Mn) min. 700 mg/kg

Besides the above, resulting from the application of alginit, an additional 55 different types of micro elements, among them copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), titanium (Ti), lithium (Li), chrome (Cr), cadmium (Cd) etc. are present. This case the organic material content is at least 15%, the pH value of the water solution is 7.2-7.4.

Beside the above example, the composition and quantity of the raw materials can be optional, complying with the given soil or plants.

The binding material of the cell 1 according to the invention can be natural materials (clay, bitumen, resin, cellulose linseed oil. kerogen) or artificial material (caustic lime, gypsum, magnesia, cement, tar, plastic) furthermore it can be inorganic material (clay, lime, gypsum, magnesia, cement), or organic material (bitumen, tar, glue, resin, cerogen, plastic), liquid material (bitumen, tar, sodium silicate), or solid material (calcined gypsum, cellulose, gypsum, magnesia, cement), furthermore materials binding with physical procedures (clay, bitumen, glue, water-glass), or materials binding with chemical procedures (lime, gypsum, magnesia, cement), furthermore materials setting in air (clay, lime, gypsum, magnesia, sodium silicate, plastic), or hydraulic materials setting under the effect of water (cement, or weak hydraulic lime, Roman cement, Roman lime, lime pozzolanic), furthermore hydraulic supplement materials (trass, blast furnace cinder, fly ash, silicate powder, porphyr), furthermore fluxing materials and materials delaying binding. It is also possible to use different combinations of polymers, natural polymers (vegetable oils, lime glue, kazein, egg powder, protein flour, cellulose, various starches).

The filling material of the cell 1 according to the invention can be: 100% of the binding material itself as well, eg. cellulose, alginite, or protein flour, etc. but obviously taking into consideration the issue of profitability, minerals to be found in site are preferable to be used, eg. perlite, soil, sand, clay, basalt powder and crushed form of any known minerals.

When producing cell 1 the technology used determines the raw materials to be used, but vice versa, the raw materials available determine the technology to be used.

In our experience when comparing a sand soil and a sand soil mixed in 30% with root blotter, the quantity of retained water is 13-15% more in case of the sand mixed with root blotter. The time of drying of soil increased by 25-30% but in case of cells 1 with water retaining, the water remained in traces.

As plants take up nutrient in ionic form, and ions are particles charged with electricity, therefore they become hydrated. Resulting from this, the reaction of the soil solution medium is of extreme importance. Apart from certain exceptions experience shows, that plants are best capable of taking in nutrients, when the pH value of the root surroundings is 6.0-6.5.

According to our tests fluctuating pH is more favourable.

In given case the cell 1 according to the invention can be produced by pelleting, in such a way, that the raw material of powder or milled material is produced from an organic material. This case the raw material of the cell 1 can be: milled wheat, corn, or the crop of any domesticated plant, or material in powder form of vegetation produced during composting, composted ground plant, manure, any powder free of harmful material produced during recycling of any waste.

In case of further application of the cell 1 according to the invention, if the cells 1 are chosen appropriately, they can even function as nutrients for microorganisms. This case the cells 1 appear as such carrier materials, that are suitable as fertilizers mixed with microorganisms, as bacteria fertilizer, biological nutrients, plant conditioning, yield- increasing composition, even in such a way, that the mass of cell 1 in a container, or even in a consumer package (eg.in a bucket) is inoculated with microorganisms, where they can keep their life function for a longer time and can further reproduce.

In given case the cells 1 are produced in such a way, that the microorganisms are mixed into the material of the cell 1 as raw material, and the cell 1 itself is produced afterwards.

The benefit of the solution according to the invention is, that when applying the cell, the territory of the root surroundings increases, for example the acidic saps emitted by the root of the plant grown into the cell promote the macro and micro elements to become in ionic state, the plant can produce the nutrient to be taken in, namely it produces the medium from which nutrients can be constantly taken in, so it can focus its energy on growing, parallel with it the bacteria and fungi living in the cell promote further the ionization of the macro and micro elements.

Applying the cell 1 such a biotic surrounding can be formed near the roots, where mikorrhiza (fungoid root) symbiosis (mutualism) between fungi and plants works ideally, that is the threads of fungi create a net around the roots of the plant and mutually help each other in getting access to nutrients. In this biotic, airy, humid surrounding, there is a triple symbiosis together with rhizobium bacterium (mainly in case of pulses). The plant supplies the fungus with carbohydrates and amino acids, and the fungus promotes taking in nutrients: breaks down the macro molecules of the humus complex and helps taking in immobile elements (P, Zn).

An additional benefit of the cell according to the invention is, that on basis of its shape and composition it is one of the best product for soil improving, namely if it is present in at least 30% in the root surrounding, then it creates the optimal conditions for the plants. It ensures loose, airy structure for many years. It can result in the considerable decrease of cultivating works. The application of the cell results in much less water consumption. The water retained in the cells can detach more intensively the bound macro and micro elements from the colloids when the temperature of the soil increases. In case of draught it serves as a safety belt for the plant with the water retained in the cells. An additional advantage of the cell is, that the permeability of the complete soil is kept even in case of extreme water load, only the cells keep back water, so„stagnant" water is created only in cell elements. The cell 1 according to the invention can be used as nutrient cell instead of the nutrient blocks available in shops.

List of references:

1 - cell

2 - cell wall

3 - opening

4 - contracted opening

5 - water

6 - air

7 - root

8 - filling

9 - crushing

10 - sizing

11 - mixing

12 - pressing

13 - drying

14 - spreading

15 - soil rotating

16 - soil to be treated

17 - soil pick-up-spreader device

18 - container

19 - crushing roller

20 - vibration sieve

21 - soil

22 - conveyor

23 - (soil) powder fraction

24 - mixing container

25 - watertank

26 - binding material container

27 - mixing unit

28 - screw press

29 - drier

30 - improved soil

31 - device for producing and working of cells

32 - nutrient container

33 - rotary tiller

34 - inner space

S - thickness

Claims

CLAIMS:

1. Cell for conditioning and improving of soil, having a cell wall of non-hygroscopic, or hygroscopic material, and an inner space, bordered by the cell wall, characterized by that, the cell (1) is in given case an arched tube of half torus shell, or a formation similar to a half torus shell shape, with smooth and/or rough surface, having a coherent, bordered inner space (34) and countable openings (3), preferably two openings (3).

2. Cell for conditioning and improving of soil, made of hygroscopic, or non-hygroscopic material for the cell wall and having an inner space bordered by the cell wall, characterized by that, the cell (1) is a bowl-like shell shape, in given case a hemisphere shell, a flattened hemisphere shell with a coherent bordered inner space (34) and an opening (3), with smooth, and/or rough surface.

3. Cell, according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by that, the opening (3) or openings (3) are formed as flattened, or contracted openings (4).

4. Cell, according to any of claim 1 - 3, characterized by that, the cell (1) made of hygroscopic material is enriched with nutrients and pH regulator.

5. Cell, according to any of claim 1 - 4, characterized by that, the material of the cell (1) is a binding material, or the combination of a binding material and a filling material.

6. Cell, according to any of claim 1 - 3, characterized by that, the raw material of it is clay, or burned clay and/or alginite and/or the composition of these.

7. Cell, according to any of claim 1 - 3, characterized by that, the material of the cell is perlite, or burned perlite, and/or alginite and/or binding material mixture.

8. Method for applying the cell according to any of claim 1 - 7, characterized by that, the cell (1) is applied together with soil improving additives, in given case fertilizers, and/or peat, and/or swollen perlite, and/or burned clay balls.

9. Method for producing cell for improving and conditioning of the soil, according to any of claim 1 - 7, characterized by that, the materials of the cell (1), binding materials, and in given case the powder fraction (23) of the soil to be treated (16) as filling material are mixed in a mixing container (24) with the known method with the help of a mixing unit (27), then the raw material of the cell (1) is placed into a press, preferably into a screw press (28), where the cell (1) of required shape is formed,

then the humid, ground wet cells (1) are dried with a drier (29), or in given case they are dried in a spread state, in a ventillated space for a longer time, then the dried cells (1) are packed into bags and used as per demand.

10. Method for producing cell for improving and conditioning of the soil, according to any of claim 1 - 7, characterized by that, the cell (1) is produced by chemical, or physical way and/or with a technology creating a bonding setting in air, or bonding is created by a hydraulic way.

1 1. Method for allocating cell to the soil for improving and conditioning of the soil, according to any of claim 1 - 7, characterized by that, the ready-made, dried cell is placed near the root surroundings of the plant or seed when planted, with traditional manual method.

12. Method for allocating cell to the soil for improving and conditioning of the soil, according to any of claim 1 - 7, characterized by that, the ready-made, dried cell (1) is placed near the root surroundings of the plant or seed when planted, mechanically, with a device suitable for the purpose.

13. Method for allocating cell to the soil for improving and conditioning of the soil, according to any of claim 1 - 7, characterized by that, before planting the plants or seeds, the cells (1) are worked into the upper layer of the soil, in given case in a depth of 2-50 cm.

14. Method according to any of claim 9 - 13, characterized by that, in given case cells (1) and additional, soil improving materials are allocated to the soil, in given case to a soil of sand, clay, loess, leached soil, not suitable for growing plants, in given case micro organisms, fungi, creating topsoil.

15. Method according to any of claim 9 - 13, characterized by that the cells (1) function as the carrier material of microorganisms, or the cells (1) mixed with microorganisms, or with the help of microorganisms, mixed into the raw material of the cell (1), together they create fertilizer, bacterium fertilizer, biological nutrient, plant conditioning, crop increasing material complex.