CN101715714B - Moisture-preserving nutritious soil for growing herbaceous flower seedlings and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Moisture-preserving nutritious soil for growing herbaceous flower seedlings and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101715714B CN101715714B CN2009102178421A CN200910217842A CN101715714B CN 101715714 B CN101715714 B CN 101715714B CN 2009102178421 A CN2009102178421 A CN 2009102178421A CN 200910217842 A CN200910217842 A CN 200910217842A CN 101715714 B CN101715714 B CN 101715714B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention belongs to plant nutritious soil and a preparation method thereof and particularly relates to flower nutritious soil and a preparation method thereof. The flower nutritious soil contains the components of biomass water-retaining agent, turf, sapropel, black soil, corn straw, perlite, meerschaum, deer feces, fine sand, inorganic fertilizer, and the like and is processed by the steps of raw material selection, crushing, screening, disinfection, mixing, pH regulation and the like. By adopting the method of mixing organic materials and inorganic materials, the flow nutritious soil has the advantages of reasonable and loosened structure, complete nutrients, stable property, easily obtained raw materials, easy processing and low cost. In addition, the biomass water-retaining agent contained in the flow nutritious soil is a novel, multifunctional and natural macromoleclar polymer and has a three-dimensional space reticular structure, not only can absorb water and fertilizer, but also can retain water and fertilizer, and. the water absorbing capacity of the flower nutritious soil is more than 1000 times the weight thereof, a small reservoir of water and fertilizer is formed in the soil, and the water and the fertilizer are slowly released, thereby the flow nutritious soil has the functions of saving both water and fertilizer. The invention can be used for growing seedlings and planning seedlings.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to plant nutrition soil and preparation method thereof, be specifically related to flower nutrition soil and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
The afforestation in city is the important content of modern urban construction.Be subjected to climatic influences, northern urban afforestation adopts the various showy flowers of herbaceous plants to decorate, beautify street, park, square, community, garden, flower bed etc. except planting trees and grass more.Showy flowers of herbaceous plants demand is increasing in recent years, new varieties emerge in an endless stream, the seed price is also expensive day by day, and this just has higher requirement to the sowing media and the nutrition soil of the showy flowers of herbaceous plants, and particularly those famous and precious, peculiarly shaped flowers more need some special-purpose seedling nutritious soil or sowing medias.Generally speaking, seedling nutritious soil or sowing media should have loose ventilative, good water-retaining property, characteristics such as the pH value is moderate, nutrient content is few, particle size is moderate, no damage by disease and insect.
Flower seedling raising nutrition soil or the sowing media introduced on the market and in the document are mainly by composite forming such as garden mould, river sand, peat soil, perlite, vermiculite, leaf moulds.In addition, also have some sowing medias to make full use of local resources, select some trade wastes, agricultural crop straw, excrement of animals, mineral rock, synthetic macromolecular compound and beneficial organism mushroom etc. for use, as a plant blob of slag, stalk, sawdust, chicken manure, slag, rock wool, gravel, loess, bentonite etc.He Cheng organic sowing media has been obtained certain effect in recent years, but the substrate products that really forms industrialization seldom.On technology, organic materials adopts technologies such as fermentation more, and inorganic material adopts compounded technology.Chinese patent wherein: a kind of making spends the method (CN92108191.X) of soil to adopt sand, peat, magnesia, pearl powder, spices and base manure etc. to be mixed; Water-preserving nutrient soil for indoor flowers (CN200510040071.5) is that the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and the high hydroscopic resin of effluent pond sludge, soybean curb residue, concavo-convex rod, clay, bentonite, quartz sand, potassium permanganate, ferrous sulfate, copper sulphate, sulphur, 45% content formed.
Above-mentioned patent is not specifically designed to flower seedling raising, yet seedling nutritious soil and common nutrition soil phase ratio need meticulousr prescription after all, and is too much as inorganic fertilizer content, very unfavorable to seed sprouting; Nutrition soil structure discomfort, easily leak Lou fertilizer or a certain nutrient are too high or too low, and be also unfavorable to emerging.
Make a general survey of present flower nutrition soil patent and product, have the following disadvantages, one lacks and is specifically designed to the flower nutrition soil of growing seedlings, especially the nutrition soil of growing seedlings at the showy flowers of herbaceous plants; Its two, even accidental such nutrition soil, also lack raw material be easy to get, process simple, nutrient is moderate, stable performance, economical and efficient, can form the special-purpose seedling nutritious soil of industry; Its three, lack the seedling nutritious soil of proprietary performance, as flower seedling raising nutrition soil such as humidity-preserving type, high-calcium types.Along with the specialization of seedling nutritious soil or seedling medium, to the also more and more refinement of demand of various nutrition soil, for this reason, various special-purpose flower seedling raising nutrition soil arise at the historic moment on the market.
Summary of the invention
But the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of natural degradation, nutritious soil for growing herbaceous flower seedlings that organic and inorganic is compound, humidity-preserving type and preparation method thereof.It both can be used to grow seedlings, and also can train seedling.Also can be used for flowers such as shrub, liana.
Be used to realize the humidity-preserving type flower seedling raising nutrition soil of the object of the invention, contain different components such as living beings water-loss reducer and peat, sapropel, black earth, maize straw, perlite, sepiolite, deer excrement, fine sand and inorganic fertilizer.Be by raw material screening, pulverize, sieve, process such as sterilization, mixing, acid adjustment processes.
Concrete step is as follows:
1, raw material is selected:
Peat also claims the peat composed of rotten mosses.It is that a kind of organic substance (contain usually organic more than 50%, air dried basis, weight ratio) of pure natural also is the good carrier of the natural bacterium of soil, is acknowledged as good soil conditioner.The peat of all kinds (meadow peat, woody peat, moss peat), different decomposition degree all is fit to make flower seedling raising nutrition soil in principle, but requires Fe
2O
3, Al
2O
3All be no more than 5% (weight ratio) with CaO content.
Sapropel: it is organic ooze of piling up under the backwater condition, contains certain organic matter, clay mineral and tiny shale, chiltern particle, has certain effect for conciliation soil structure, increase soil organic matter tool.The used sapropel of the present invention be a kind of organic matter more than 3% (weight ratio), meet the fresh water sapropel of pollutant control criterion in the agricultural mud (GB 4284-84).
Living beings water-loss reducer: be that (name of product is the soil water-reataining fertilizer-keeping synergist for a kind of biodegradable super absorbent resin that one-step synthesis generates that adopts from corn of Northeast Normal University development, the patent No.: 03127061.1, can buy from corn starch deep processing research and development centre of Northeast Normal University), have performances such as preserve moisture and fertility, drought resisting, and can natural degradation.
Black earth: select for use the content of organic matter to surpass the farming black earth of 2.5% (weight ratio), no any pollution.
Maize straw: comprise cauline leaf two parts, preferably select the stalk that decomposes or become thoroughly decomposed for use.
Perlite: the perlite good permeability, water content is moderate, chemical property is stable, be fit to the plantation flowers.
Sepiolite: be a kind of moisture magnesium silicate, have extremely strong absorption, dispersive property and very high heat endurance.
The deer excrement: fresh deer excrement must become thoroughly decomposed, and could use.
Fine sand: river sand or the sand soil of selecting no any pollution for use.
Inorganic fertilizer comprises inorganic single fertile or its composite fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and at least a or several fertilizer of calcic, magnesium, sulphur, boron, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, zinc element, forbids chloride fertilizer.
2, pulverize, sieve:
The peat of choosing is air-dry to moisture 15～55% (weight ratios), pulverize, be the standard screen of 8mm by the aperture.
Sapropel, black earth, air-dry extremely moisture 15～55% (weight ratios) of fine sand are pulverized, and making it is the standard screen of 8mm by the aperture.
Maize straw is air-dry to moisture 15～55% (weight ratios), pulverizes, and be the standard screen of 2cm by the aperture.
Perlite is pulverized, and makes its granularity between 0.5～5mm.
Sepiolite is pulverized, and makes its granularity between 0.5～5mm.
The deer excrement, the deer excrement that will become thoroughly decomposed is air-dry to moisture 15～55% (weight ratios), is the standard screen of 8mm by the aperture.
The living beings water-loss reducer is pulverized, and makes its particle diameter between 0.5～5mm.
Inorganic fertilizer is pulverized, and makes its particle diameter between 0.5～5mm.
3, sterilization, mixing, acid adjustment:
Adopt steam sterilization, solar disinfection, formalin or carbendazim medicament sterilization, above-mentioned material is carried out routine disinfection.According to volume ratio, add in 100 parts of humidity-preserving type showy flowers of herbaceous plants seedling nutritious soils: 40～80 parts in black earth, 5～40 parts in peat, 0.1～10 part of living beings water-loss reducer, 2～30 parts of sapropel, 0～40 part of stalk, 0～20 part of perlite, 1～20 part of sepiolite, 0～20 part in deer excrement, 0～10 part of fine sand, 0～10 part of inorganic fertilizer mixes.
Also can be earlier according to volume ratio, the above-mentioned material of mixing, and then carry out routine disinfection.
After the sterilization, can allocate composition, ratio and the particle size of above-mentioned seedling nutritious soil, regulate pH in soil between 4.5～7.5 with ferrous sulfate or lime or gypsum according to flowers type, seed size and sowing season.
The humidity-preserving type seedling nutritious soil adopts organic materials and the composite method of inorganic material, and its soil structure is relatively more reasonable, loose, complete, the stable in properties of nutrient, and also raw material is easy to obtain, processing, with low cost.Simultaneously, the living beings water-loss reducer that it contains is a kind of Multifunction natural polymers, and this material has three-dimensional space net structure, can not only absorb water fertile and the energy preserve moisture and fertility, and water absorption can reach more than 1000 times of own wt.After fertilizer is inhaled in suction, in soil, form water and fertile little storage storehouse, liquid manure is slowly discharged, so it has the fertile effect of water saving joint, in sowing, the cultivation showy flowers of herbaceous plants, can reduce water consumption, fertilizer application amount, prolong the pouring cycle.The present invention both can be used for growing seedlings, and also can be used for cultivating seedling.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing is preparation technology's flow chart of humidity-preserving type flower seedling raising nutrition soil
Embodiment
(being not limited to following several):
Embodiment 1:
Select the meadow peat of Changchun, Jilin Province Shuangyang District, air-dry pulverizing, making above-mentioned raw materials is the standard screen of 8mm by the aperture; Select black earth, the sapropel of Xinlichen Reservoir and the fine sand of surrounding area, Changchun of Changchun periphery, air-dry smashing, making above-mentioned raw materials is the standard screen of 8mm by the aperture; Get the stalk of surrounding area, Changchun, pulverize, make its granularity less than 2cm; Get the deer excrement of Changchun Shuangyang District.
With stalk, deer excrement stack respectively, conventional method becomes thoroughly decomposed.The standard of becoming thoroughly decomposed is that 1. fertile heap volume collapses about 1/3; 2. the fertilizer of sending out does not have stink, does not have white pili; 3. color becomes sepia, black, and quality is soft.The stalk that will become thoroughly decomposed, deer excrement sieve again, and making above-mentioned raw materials is the standard screen of 8mm by the aperture.
Select perlite, the sepiolite in Hebei province, Northeast China Normal University's soil water-reataining fertilizer-keeping synergist of surrounding area, Changchun, Jilin Province, pulverize, make its granularity between 0.5～5mm.
Above-mentioned material is respectively charged in the plastic sack of sealing, is exposed to the sun in the sun a week.Then, by volume, with 60 parts black earth and 5 parts peat, 10 parts sapropel, 2 parts degradable super absorbent resin, 6 parts stalk, 3 parts perlite, 2 parts sepiolite, 2 parts deer excrement and 10 parts fine sand, mix, stir, with lime or ferrous sulfate acid adjustment, make its pH between 5.5～6.5, get product.
Embodiment 2:
Select the meadow peat in Jiaohe area, Jilin Province, air-dry pulverizing, making above-mentioned raw materials is the standard screen of 8mm by the aperture; Select the sapropel in black earth, the Jilin Province western cloth greatly Soviet Union lake of Changchun periphery, air-dry smashing, making above-mentioned raw materials is the standard screen of 8mm by the aperture; Get the stalk of surrounding area, Changchun, pulverize, make its granularity less than 2cm, with stalk pile up, conventional method becomes thoroughly decomposed.The stalk that will become thoroughly decomposed sieves again, and making it is the standard screen of 8mm by the aperture.
Select perlite, the sepiolite in Hebei province, Northeast China Normal University's soil water-reataining fertilizer-keeping synergist of surrounding area, Changchun, Jilin Province, pulverize, make its granularity between 0.5～5mm.
By volume, in 40 parts black earth, add 20 parts peat, 9 parts sapropel, 1 part degradable super absorbent resin, 20 parts stalk, 5 parts perlite, 5 parts sepiolite,, stir, adopt the sterilization of formalin sterilization its mixing.Concrete process is: the nutrition soil (1m that sprays mixing with the formalin of 0.5% (volume ratio)
3The medication 20～25kg) of nutrition soil is mixed the back thoroughly and is piled up, and with plastics or waste and old diaphragm seal 5～7 days, removes film then again.After treating the flavour of a drug volatilization,, get product with lime or ferrous sulfate acid adjustment.
Embodiment 3:
Select the meadow peat in Dunhua area, Jilin Province, air-dry pulverizing, making above-mentioned raw materials is the standard screen of 8mm by the aperture; Select black earth, the sapropel of South Lake and the fine sand of surrounding area, Changchun of Changchun periphery, air-dry smashing, making above-mentioned raw materials is the standard screen of 8mm by the aperture; Get the stalk of surrounding area, Changchun, pulverize, make its granularity less than 2cm; Get the deer excrement of Changchun Shuangyang District.
With stalk, deer excrement according to the formula rate layering mix, conventional method becomes thoroughly decomposed.They are sieved, making above-mentioned raw materials is the standard screen of 8mm by the aperture again.
Select perlite, the sepiolite in Hebei province, Northeast China Normal University's soil water-reataining fertilizer-keeping synergist of surrounding area, Changchun, Jilin Province, pulverize, make its granularity between 0.5～5mm.
By volume, in 50 parts black earth, add 10 parts two positive peat, 10 parts sapropel, 1 part degradable super absorbent resin, 10 parts stalk, 2 parts perlite, 3 parts sepiolite, 10 parts deer excrement and 4 parts fine sand, mix, stir, adopt the sterilization of carbendazim method.Concrete process is: with the powder of carbendazim (1m of 50% (weight ratio)
3Nutrition soil medication 100g) mix with nutrition soil mix thoroughly after, with plastics or the covering of waste and old film 2～3 days, remove film then again.After treating the flavour of a drug volatilization,, get product with lime or gypsum acid adjustment.
Claims (2)
1. the preparation method of moisture-preserving nutritious soil for growing herbaceous flower seedlings is characterized in that concrete steps are as follows:
1), raw material is selected:
Peat: also claim the peat composed of rotten mosses, contain organicly in weight ratio more than 50% that all kinds meadow peat of different decomposition degree, woody peat, moss peat, peat all are fit to making flower seedling raising nutrition soil, Fe
2O
3, Al
2O
3All be no more than weight ratio 5% with CaO content;
Sapropel: be organic ooze of under the backwater condition, piling up, contain certain organic matter, clay mineral and tiny shale, chiltern particle, organic in weight ratio more than 3%, meet the fresh water sapropel of pollutant control criterion GB 4284-84 in the agricultural mud;
The living beings water-loss reducer: a kind of biodegradable super absorbent resin, have preserve moisture and fertility, drought resisting performance, and can natural degradation;
Black earth: select for use content of organic matter overweight than 2.5%, the farming black earth of no any pollution;
Maize straw: comprise cauline leaf two parts, select the stalk that decomposes or become thoroughly decomposed for use;
Perlite: good permeability, water content is moderate, chemical property is stable;
Sepiolite: a kind of moisture magnesium silicate has extremely strong absorption, dispersive property and very high heat endurance;
Deer excrement: the fresh deer excrement that becomes thoroughly decomposed;
Fine sand: the river sand or the sand soil that do not have any pollution;
Inorganic fertilizer: comprise inorganic single fertile or its composite fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and at least a fertilizer of calcic, magnesium, sulphur, boron, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, zinc element, forbid chloride fertilizer;
2), pulverize, sieve:
With the peat of choosing air-dry to wet weight than 15～55%, pulverize, be the standard screen of 8mm by the aperture;
Sapropel, black earth, fine sand air-dry to wet weight than 15～55%, pulverize, making it is the standard screen of 8mm by the aperture;
Maize straw air-dry to wet weight than 15～55%, pulverize, be the standard screen of 2cm by the aperture;
Perlite: pulverize, make its granularity between 0.5～5mm;
Sepiolite: pulverize, make its granularity between 0.5～5mm;
The deer excrement: the deer excrement that will become thoroughly decomposed air-dry to wet weight than 15～55%, pulverize, be the standard screen of 8mm by the aperture;
Living beings water-loss reducer: pulverize, make its particle diameter between 0.5～5mm;
Inorganic fertilizer: pulverize, make its particle diameter between 0.5～5mm;
3), sterilization, mixing, acid adjustment:
Adopt steam sterilization, solar disinfection, formalin or carbendazim medicament sterilization, above-mentioned material is carried out routine disinfection; According to volume ratio, add in 100 parts of humidity-preserving type showy flowers of herbaceous plants seedling nutritious soils: 40～80 parts in black earth, 5～40 parts in peat, 0.1～10 part of living beings water-loss reducer, 2～30 parts of sapropel, 0～40 part of stalk, 0～20 part of perlite, 1～20 part of sepiolite, 0～20 part in deer excrement, 0～10 part of fine sand, 0～10 part of inorganic fertilizer mixes; Also can be earlier according to volume ratio, the above-mentioned material of mixing, and then carry out routine disinfection after the sterilization, is regulated pH in soil between 4.5～7.5 with ferrous sulfate or lime or gypsum.
2. moisture-preserving nutritious soil for growing herbaceous flower seedlings in accordance with the method for claim 1 is characterized in that it contains the component of biodegradable super absorbent resin, sapropel, black earth, maize straw, perlite, sepiolite, deer excrement, fine sand and inorganic fertilizer.
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| CN101536664A (en) * | 2009-04-14 | 2009-09-23 | 宁波大学 | Container culturing substrate for herbaceous flowers |
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