EP2526589B1 - Durchsichtige gedruckte antenne mit gittergrundplatte - Google Patents

Durchsichtige gedruckte antenne mit gittergrundplatte Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2526589B1
EP2526589B1 EP11700458.0A EP11700458A EP2526589B1 EP 2526589 B1 EP2526589 B1 EP 2526589B1 EP 11700458 A EP11700458 A EP 11700458A EP 2526589 B1 EP2526589 B1 EP 2526589B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ground plane
meshing
mesh
line
antenna
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EP11700458.0A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2526589A1 (de
Inventor
Eduardo Motta Cruz
Julien Hautcoeur
Mohamed Himdi
Franck Colombel
Xavier Castel
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Bouygues Telecom SA
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Bouygues Telecom SA
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Publication of EP2526589A1 publication Critical patent/EP2526589A1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/1271—Supports; Mounting means for mounting on windscreens
    • H01Q1/1278—Supports; Mounting means for mounting on windscreens in association with heating wires or layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna

Definitions

  • the field of the invention is that of telecommunication antennas, and more particularly that of antennas printed for mobile cellular networks and for radio-relay systems.
  • the invention more specifically relates to an optically transparent printed antenna whose ground plane is constituted by a metal grid, typically grid-shaped.
  • a printed antenna comprises conventionally known per se a ground plane, a radiation plane in the form of one or more radiating elements, and a dielectric substrate interposed between the ground plane and the radiation plane.
  • the radiating elements are typically made of a conductive square surface fed by a microstrip line ("microstrip” according to the English terminology) printed on the same substrate or on another layer, often taking the form of a triplate line.
  • a first technique consists in using a transparent dielectric substrate of the glass or plexiglass type, and in forming the ground plane and the radiating element (s) of the radiation plane by deposition of an optically transparent conductive material (for example tin-doped indium ITO or silver-doped tin oxide AgHT) on a plastic film, for example on a polyester film.
  • an optically transparent conductive material for example tin-doped indium ITO or silver-doped tin oxide AgHT
  • a second technique known for example from the document JP 2006-303846 is to use a transparent dielectric substrate of the glass or plexiglass type and to make one and / or the other of the ground plane and the radiation plane in the form of a mesh of metal (for example silver or copper), typically grid-shaped.
  • the level of transparency is then defined by the dimensions of the openings of the mesh vis-à-vis the width of the son of the mesh.
  • the primary objective of the invention is to achieve the best possible compromise by providing a printed antenna with a mesh ground plane having an optimized level of optical transparency without compromising the electromagnetic performance thereof.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an optically transparent printed antenna having a micro-ribbon supply line of several radiating elements is designed to allow a weighting of the supply of the various radiating elements without generating radiation parasites.
  • Yet another object of the invention is to reduce parasitic radiation on the rear face of a transparent antenna with a ground plane.
  • Yet another object of the invention is to optimize transparency in a multilayer system.
  • the invention proposes an optically transparent printed antenna comprising a ground plane constituted by a metal mesh whose dimensioning is not uniform, a radiation plane comprising one or more radiating elements, and an optically transparent dielectric substrate interposed. between the ground plane and the radiation plane, characterized in that the mesh of the ground plane has, at a first region of the ground plane towards a region of the radiation plane including one or a plurality of radiating elements generating a strong electromagnetic activity, a first constricted dimensioning of the mesh, the mesh progressively becoming brighter in the vicinity of said first region to gain transparency until reaching a second dimensioning of the mesh, wider than the first dimensioning, at the level of a second region of the ground plane facing a region of the plane of radiation generating low electromagnetic activity.
  • optically transparent material a material substantially transparent in at least a portion of the field of visible light, passing at least about 30% of this light, and preferably more than 60 % light.
  • the antenna comprises a ground plane 1 constituted by a metal mesh, a radiation plane comprising one or more radiating elements 2, and a substrate optically transparent dielectric 3 interposed between the ground plane and the radiation plane.
  • the radiating element (s) 2 and the metal mesh of the ground plane 1 may in particular be made on a flexible transparent substrate or on a rigid transparent substrate already curved in order to fit a conformal surface.
  • a metal mesh is for example made of iron, nickel, chromium, titanium, tantalum, molybdenum, tin, indium, zinc, tungsten, platinum, manganese, magnesium, lead, preferably silver, copper, gold or aluminum or alloy of metals chosen according to the electrical conductivity. It typically takes the form of a grid whose ratio between the size of the openings of the grid and the width of the mesh of the mesh defines the level of optical transparency of the ground plane. The invention is however not limited to the use of a grid-shaped grid, other forms being of course conceivable as will be discussed in more detail later in connection with the Figures 15a-15d .
  • the dimensioning of the mesh is characterized by its pitch (or periodicity) and by the width of the metal wires (or by the opening made in the pitch).
  • the metal mesh can be obtained by various means.
  • the metallic support material may thus consist of a metal foil (foil) or a thin metal layer deposited on an inorganic transparent substrate (glass) or organic (plexiglass, polymethylpentene, polycarbonate, BCB, ). It should be noted that the use of low loss flexible polymer substrates facilitates the transfer of the antenna to the appropriate supports (window, showcase, vehicle windshield, etc.).
  • the metal deposition can be carried out physically (PVD), for example by spraying, evaporation under vacuum, laser ablation, etc.
  • the metal deposition can also be achieved by other ways, for example chemical deposition (silver plating, copper plating, gilding, aluminide, tin plating, nickel plating, ...), by screen printing, by electrolytic deposition, by chemical vapor deposition (CVD , PECVD, OMCVD, etc.), etc.
  • the openings of the metal mesh in the sheet or metal film can be made by standard photolithography from a photomask or mask transferred by laser writing on a reserve and the associated chemical etching, or by tampongraphy followed by a chemical etching , or by ion etching through a mask.
  • the mesh can also be directly produced by screen printing through a screen ("screen printing” according to the English terminology), by jet printing of a conductive ink (and annealing associated), by electroforming, by direct writing via the laser beam decomposition of an organometallic, etc.
  • the optically transparent dielectric substrate 3 is for example made of glass or plexiglass.
  • a single radiating element 2 in the form of a square conductive plate, side ⁇ / 2, where ⁇ represents the wavelength guided on the dielectric substrate and which corresponds to the main radiation frequency of the antenna.
  • the invention is however not limited to a radiation plane consisting of a single square radiating element, but of course extends to other forms of radiating element as well as to radiation planes consisting of a plurality of radiating elements, and in particular to radiation planes having one or more arrays of radiating elements.
  • the radiating element or elements of the radiation plane are themselves optically transparent. They are then for example also constituted by a metal mesh.
  • the electromagnetic activity at the ground plane of the antenna is not homogeneous over its entire surface. Indeed, the areas remote from the radiating elements have a reduced activity. In these areas, the ground plane does not need electromagnetic shielding as important (high conductance that is to say a low resistance) that at the level of the radiating elements.
  • the invention proposes to locate the areas where the electromagnetic activity is more or less important and to match the transparent mesh. the most appropriate for each of these areas.
  • the invention more specifically proposes that the dimensioning of the ground plane mesh is not uniform over the entire surface of the ground plane and that it presents at a first region of the ground plane opposite the ground plane. a region of the radiation plane generating a strong electromagnetic activity, a first constricted dimensioning of the mesh.
  • the mesh of the ground plane is further progressively aerate in the vicinity of said first region to gain transparency until reaching a second dimensioning of the mesh, wider than the first dimensioning of the mesh, at a second region of the plane of mass facing a region of the radiation plane generating low electromagnetic activity.
  • the metal grid of the ground plane has a first region 5 located under the patch and in the immediate vicinity thereof, where the current intensities are the most important.
  • the mesh is tightened (first dimensioning of the mesh) to ensure good conductance. Optical transparency is reduced.
  • the first dimensioning of the mesh ensures a level of transparency of at most 70% (without taking into account losses of Fresnel).
  • the mesh progressively clears to gain transparency until reaching a second dimensioning of the mesh, wider than the first dimensioning of the mesh, at a second region 7 of the mass plane. in relation to a region of the radiation plane generating low electromagnetic activity.
  • the second dimensioning of the mesh ensures a level of transparency of at least 90% (without taking into account Fresnel losses).
  • this intermediate region 6 interposed between the first 5 and the second region 7 of the ground plane, said intermediate region having an intermediate mesh size between the first and the second dimensioning of the mesh.
  • the level of transparency provided by this intermediate region is for example of the order of 80% (without taking into account Fresnel losses).
  • the invention is however not limited to a single intermediate region, but also extends to the case where a plurality of intermediate regions is interposed between the first and the second region, the intermediate regions having greater transparency as the we move away from the first region.
  • the design technique described above for varying the dimensioning of the mesh mainly applies to the mesh ground plane since the radiating elements and the power supply network (microstrip lines or microstrip) necessarily require a significant level of conductance because it is on them that concentrates the strongest electromagnetic activity.
  • the progressive variation of the conductance and the transparency of the ground plane in accordance with the invention is not limited to the regions with respect to a radiating element but is also intended to apply in areas with high heat dissipation due to the presence of high power levels especially at the entrance of the antenna and in the first stage of tree power supply network. If necessary, some areas of the ground plane and / or sections of micro-ribbon lines may have a very tight metal mesh or even be devoid of metal mesh and therefore be 100% opaque.
  • the feed line may be a triplate line comprising a conductive line sandwiched between two plane planes triplate line.
  • Wave radiation slots may further be provided in one of the triplate line ground planes so as to be positioned below the radiating elements to provide electromagnetic coupling.
  • the first region extends under the patch and in the immediate border thereof.
  • the first region thus corresponds to a region wider than the patch, corresponding generally to the physical size of the patch and to a region of contour corresponding to a region of overflow of the fields (of the order of twice the thickness of the substrate, ie of the order of 4 mm in the field of application of the invention).
  • the variation in the size of the mesh of the ground plane is carried out in several regions of the ground plane, in order to make a region of high conductance correspond with respect to each radiating element.
  • the radiating elements are located close to each other, and are not separated by a distance greater than that, typically 4 mm, of the overflow of the fields.
  • a first region 8 of the high conductance ground plane is not localized to a single radiating element but extends opposite a plurality of radiating elements which define together a region of strong electromagnetic activity.
  • This region 9 is sufficiently distant from the radiating elements so that it is possible to achieve at the level of the ground plane a gradual decrease in the conductance level, and thereby to increase the level of transparency.
  • the dimensioning of the mesh of the radiating elements corresponds to the first constricted dimensioning of the mesh of the first region of the ground plane and that the metal meshes the first region of the ground plane and the radiating element (s) are perfectly aligned. At the very least, it is intended to optimize the transparency according to the third embodiment of the invention set out below.
  • microstrip feed line microwavestrip meshed to weight a supply network. It will be understood that such a weighting can be implemented independently of the variation of the mesh size of the ground plane described previously.
  • the weighting is performed by modifying the impedance microstrip power lines so that the different elements radiating along the line do not receive the same level of power.
  • Transformers are more precisely provided with transformation ratios corresponding to the progressive attenuations that one wishes to obtain.
  • Transformers are typically quarter-wave or half-wave transformers; they may also be transformers with so-called progressive laws (eg exponential or logarithmic laws).
  • the transformers produce discontinuities 11 on the supply line which generate parasitic radiation 12 partly responsible for the significant levels of cross-component in the H plane of the printed antenna radiation pattern (at about -10 dB) .
  • the supply line 13 is constituted by a metal mesh having a constant width W1 and a transparency level T1 corresponding to losses ⁇ 1.
  • a feed line 14 constituted by a metal mesh having a constant width W2 and a transparency level T2 corresponding to losses ⁇ 2.
  • W1 W2
  • lines 13 and 14 have the same characteristic impedance, but different attenuation levels ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2.
  • One or the other of these lines may be chosen according to the intended application.
  • the dimensioning of the mesh of the feed lines 15, 16 (constituted by a metal mesh of constant width) is not uniform along the line.
  • the width of the feed line 16 is maintained between two consecutive radiators 17-20 along the line, and the pitch and / or the opening of the mesh increases at least once along the line in such a way that the line brings less power to the radiating element at the end of the line 20 than to the radiating element at the beginning of the line 17.
  • the various radiating elements 17-20 have a weighting of their level supply respectively 1; 0.9; 0.7 and 0.5. It is of course possible to maintain the same mesh size at one or more radiating elements, so as not to cause differences in the weighting of the supply between two or more radiating elements.
  • this second embodiment can be implemented independently of the variation of the sizing of the ground plane.
  • the directional role of the transparent printed antenna passes by the reduction of parasitic radiation, especially on the back plane. But the edges of the antenna are responsible for the radiation of the back face to the extent that they generate a diffractive radiation.
  • the discontinuities in the mesh at the edge of the antenna typically at ⁇ / 4 of the edges of the ground plane (where ⁇ represents the wavelength guided on the dielectric substrate and which corresponds to the frequency of main radiation of the antenna), the discontinuities gradually increasing (in number and dimension) as one approaches the edges of the antenna.
  • progressive discontinuities D generated in a grid of pitch 100 ⁇ m and of type 90/10 are respectively represented along the edges connecting the nodes together. of the mesh, following the direction X ( figure 9a ), the Y direction ( figure 9b ) or in the X and Y directions ( Figure 9c ).
  • the discontinuities D are of an amplitude such that they generate a gradual increase of the mesh pitch (constant wire width) at the edge of the antenna.
  • the resistance per square increases and consequently the metal losses too.
  • the resistance per square is defined as the resistivity of the metal film related to its thickness.
  • the plane of mass at the edge of the antenna can thus have a very high mesh pitch (for example 1600 ⁇ m of the 1590/10 type: the resistance per square will be multiplied by a factor of 16 compared to a traditional mesh type 90 / 10 at constant metallization thickness).
  • the optical transparency of the ground plane will be improved on its edges.
  • OTC transparent and conductive oxide film
  • metal / ... multilayer full or mesh
  • this third embodiment can be implemented independently of the variation in the size of the mesh of the ground plane.
  • This surface treatment can be carried out directly, for example by chemical nickel plating, or by chemical tinning of the mesh previously produced.
  • the surface treatment can also be carried out by sulphidation or oxidation of the previously made metal mesh.
  • silver sulfide Ag 2 S and copper oxide CuO are black and electrically conductive.
  • Improvements can also be made in the protection of antennas against external aggression (mechanical and chemical aggression). Indeed, for example, silver, copper, gold or aluminum are ductile metals and therefore very sensitive to scratching.
  • a transparent polymer film or transparent resin deposited on the surface of the mesh ensures its protection.
  • the deposition of an oxide belonging to the family of OTC (Transparent Oxides and Conductors), such as ITO, SnO 2 , ... not only protects the mesh but also to improve the overall conductance of the metallization.
  • the deposition of a transparent and conductive resin, such as polyaniline can also be achieved.
  • the optical transparency of the antenna can also be improved by depositing on its surface an antireflection layer (multilayer formed alternately of high and low index materials). This will compensate for about 8% of Fresnel losses on the front and rear faces at the openings in the mesh. In addition, this antireflection layer also contributes to the protection of the antenna against external aggression.
  • An application that will be made of an antenna according to a possible embodiment of the invention relates to transmissions in the band 1710 to 2170 MHz, but the invention is of course in no way limited to this particular range of frequencies.

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Claims (12)

  1. Optisch transparente gedruckte Antenne, umfassend eine Masseebene (1), die durch ein metallisches Netz gebildet ist, dessen Abmessung nicht einheitlich ist, eine Strahlungsebene, die eines oder mehrere Strahlungselemente (2) umfasst, und ein optisch transparentes dielektrisches Substrat (3), das zwischen der Masseebene und der Strahlungsebene angeordnet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Netz der Masseebene in Höhe eines ersten Bereichs (5) der Masseebene und gegenüber einem Bereich der Strahlungsebene, die eines oder mehrere Strahlungselemente umfasst und eine starke elektromagnetische Aktivität erzeugt, eine erste verengte Netzabmessung aufweist, wobei sich das Netz progressiv in der Nachbarschaft des ersten Bereichs auflockert, so dass es an Transparenz gewinnt, bis es eine zweite Netzabmessung erreicht, die größer ist als die erste Netzabmessung, in Höhe eines zweiten Bereichs (7) der Masseebene gegenüber einem Bereich der Strahlungsebene, der eine schwache elektromagnetische Aktivität hervorbringt.
  2. Antenne nach Anspruch 1, in der ein Zwischenbereich (6) wenigstens zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Bereich der Masseebene gelagert ist, wobei der Zwischenbereich eine mittlere Netzabmessung zwischen der ersten und der zweiten Netzabmessung aufweist.
  3. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, in der die zweite Netzabmessung eine Transparenzhöhe von wenigstens 90% gewährleistet.
  4. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, in der die erste Netzabmessung eine Höhe der Transparenz von höchstens 70% gewährleistet.
  5. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, unter anderem eine Mikrobandversorgungsleitung (13 bis 16) von mehreren Strahlungselementen (17 bis 20) umfasst, wobei die Versorgungsleitung aus einem metallischen Netz von konstanter Breite gebildet ist.
  6. Antenne nach Anspruch 5, in der die Abmessung des metallischen Netzes der Mikrobandversorgungsleitung (15, 16) uneinheitlich entlang der Leitung ist, so dass darin der Widerstand verändert wird, und so die Versorgung von einem oder mehreren der Strahlungselemente (17 bis 20) der mehreren Strahlungselemente gewichtet wird.
  7. Antenne nach Anspruch 6, in der die Abmessung des Netzes der Versorgungsleitung zwischen zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Strahlungselementen entlang der Leitung identisch ist, und wenigstens einmal entlang der Leitung verändert ist, derart, dass die Leitung zu dem Strahlungselement am Ende der Leitung weniger Leistung bringt, als an das strahlende Element am Anfang der Leitung.
  8. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, in der in dem metallischen Netz der Masseebene Diskontinuitäten (D) vorhanden sind, am Rand der Antenne, wobei die Diskontinuitäten progressiv nach und nach so zunehmen, wie man sich den Rändern der Antenne nähert.
  9. Antenne nach Anspruch 8, in der die Diskontinuitäten entlang der Kanten angeordnet sind, die die Knoten des Netzes untereinander verbinden, oder in Höhe der Knoten des Netzes angeordnet sind.
  10. Antenne nach Anspruch 8, in der die Diskontinuitäten eine Amplitude aufweisen, so dass sie eine progressive Zunahme mit der Maschenweite am Rand der Antenne hervorbringen.
  11. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, in der eine Versorgungsleitung von einem oder mehreren Strahlungselementen und/oder die Zone der Masseebene nahe zu der Versorgungsleitung aus einem metallischen Netz gebildet sind, das fast undurchsichtig ist, in den Zonen mit starker thermischer Ableitung.
  12. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, in der die Strahlungselemente und das metallische Netz der Masseebene auf einem nachgiebigen transparenten Substrat oder auf einem festen gebogenen transparenten Substrat zum Zweck des Anpassens an eine entsprechende Oberfläche verwirklicht sind.
EP11700458.0A 2010-01-21 2011-01-21 Durchsichtige gedruckte antenne mit gittergrundplatte Active EP2526589B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1050392A FR2955430A1 (fr) 2010-01-21 2010-01-21 Antenne imprimee optiquement transparente a plan de masse maille
PCT/EP2011/050828 WO2011089219A1 (fr) 2010-01-21 2011-01-21 Antenne imprimee optiquement transparente a plan de masse maille

Publications (2)

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EP2526589A1 EP2526589A1 (de) 2012-11-28
EP2526589B1 true EP2526589B1 (de) 2014-11-12

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EP (1) EP2526589B1 (de)
FR (1) FR2955430A1 (de)
WO (1) WO2011089219A1 (de)

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WO2021133126A1 (ko) * 2019-12-27 2021-07-01 동우화인켐 주식회사 안테나 소자

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FR2993102B1 (fr) * 2012-07-06 2014-08-08 Bouygues Telecom Sa Systeme antennaire optiquement transparent avec une structure rayonnante interchangeable
EP2833474A1 (de) * 2013-07-29 2015-02-04 Bouygues Telecom Antennenanordnung mit optisch transparentem Paneel mit einem geformten Reflektor
EP2887454A1 (de) * 2013-12-20 2015-06-24 Alcatel- Lucent Shanghai Bell Co., Ltd Flachantennensystem mit geringer Beeinträchtigung des Landschaftsbildes
CN106547382A (zh) * 2015-09-23 2017-03-29 介面光电股份有限公司 具天线的触控面板及触控显示装置
KR101962822B1 (ko) * 2017-11-06 2019-03-27 동우 화인켐 주식회사 필름 안테나 및 이를 포함하는 디스플레이 장치
CN109638433A (zh) * 2018-11-13 2019-04-16 上海无线电设备研究所 一种低剖面引信天线
CN118232009A (zh) * 2019-05-07 2024-06-21 大日本印刷株式会社 配线基板和配线基板的制造方法
JP2022538764A (ja) * 2019-06-12 2022-09-06 スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー 透過性アンテナ積層体及びアセンブリ
US11955708B2 (en) 2019-08-22 2024-04-09 Lg Electronics Inc. Electronic device equipped with transparent antenna
KR20210052792A (ko) * 2019-10-31 2021-05-11 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 무선 주파수 소자 및 이를 포함하는 전자 장치
KR20220030409A (ko) * 2020-08-31 2022-03-11 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 무선 주파수 소자 및 이를 포함하는 전자 장치
TWI818257B (zh) * 2021-05-07 2023-10-11 財團法人工業技術研究院 透明天線及其製作方法

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US6933891B2 (en) * 2002-01-29 2005-08-23 Calamp Corp. High-efficiency transparent microwave antennas
JP3964435B2 (ja) 2005-04-20 2007-08-22 日本無線株式会社 グリッドパッチアンテナ
JP4853329B2 (ja) * 2007-02-28 2012-01-11 株式会社豊田中央研究所 電波反射板及びアンテナ

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2021133126A1 (ko) * 2019-12-27 2021-07-01 동우화인켐 주식회사 안테나 소자

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FR2955430A1 (fr) 2011-07-22
EP2526589A1 (de) 2012-11-28

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