EP2480374B1 - Tool grinding machine - Google Patents

Tool grinding machine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2480374B1
EP2480374B1 EP10768104.1A EP10768104A EP2480374B1 EP 2480374 B1 EP2480374 B1 EP 2480374B1 EP 10768104 A EP10768104 A EP 10768104A EP 2480374 B1 EP2480374 B1 EP 2480374B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grinding wheel
tool
machine
grinding
spindle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP10768104.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2480374A1 (en
Inventor
Roger L. Hackman
Wayne Martin
Mark A. Ritchie
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gleason Cutting Tools Corp
Original Assignee
Gleason Cutting Tools Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gleason Cutting Tools Corp filed Critical Gleason Cutting Tools Corp
Publication of EP2480374A1 publication Critical patent/EP2480374A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2480374B1 publication Critical patent/EP2480374B1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
    • B24B41/04—Headstocks; Working-spindles; Features relating thereto
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B3/00—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools
    • B24B3/02—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools of milling cutters
    • B24B3/022—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools of milling cutters relief grinding of milling cutters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B3/00—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools
    • B24B3/02—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools of milling cutters
    • B24B3/024—Indexing equipment
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/51—Plural diverse manufacturing apparatus including means for metal shaping or assembling
    • Y10T29/5104—Type of machine
    • Y10T29/5109—Lathe

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed to machine tools, such as tool grinding machines, and in particular to multi-axis, high precision, computer controlled machine tools for grinding of relieved tooth profiles of rotary cutting tools.
  • tooth profiles of cutting tools such as gear hobs, worm gear hobs, constant pitch normal base hobs, and milling cutters with module sizes greater that 8 module
  • a multitude of grinding wheels are use to complete the entire tooth profile on both flanks and tip features.
  • different approaches to grinding can be used depending on the desired finished tooth re-sharpening life and the width of the tooth space at the root of the profile.
  • the tooth re-sharpening life or length of the cam relieved tooth surface can be maximized using pencil-shaped tapered cone grinding wheels having relatively small diameters in comparison to length.
  • the relieved length of the tooth surface is dependent on the interference point of the grinding wheel with the next adjacent tooth when radial cam grinding the relief along the tooth helix of the hob thread or the index position in the case of a milling cutter.
  • GB 1 530 900 discloses a machine according to the preamble of claim 1, having two or more tool spindles.
  • the present invention provides a machine according to claim 1. It is directed to a machine tool with an angular oriented spindle that can be angularly positioned (swivel) thereby providing the flexibility to utilize both cup-shaped and pencil-shaped grinding wheels for grinding of hob and milling cutter relieved tooth geometry without exchanging grinding spindles assemblies or modifying the machine construction to accommodate two types of grinding methods or utilizing an additional machine axis for the spindle re-orientation.
  • the present invention is also directed to a method of grinding rotary cutting tools according to claim 11.
  • Figures 1 (a), 1(b) and 1(c) illustrate the lead setting angular relationships of a cup-shaped grinding wheel to a hob tooth profile of universal module size.
  • Figures 2(a), 2(b) and 2(c) illustrate the lead setting angular relationships of a pencil-shaped grinding wheel to a hob tooth profile of universal module size.
  • Figure 3 shows the design planes relative to the radial cam relieving motion from the front to back profiles of the hob along the involute helicoids.
  • Figure 4 illustrates the change in pressure angle from front to back of the constant base pitch hob tooth profile.
  • Figure 5 illustrates the relationships and direction of cam relief for the machine major components, hob workpiece and grinding wheel spindle assembly orientated for using pencil-shaped grinding wheels.
  • Figure 6 illustrates the relationships and direction of cam relief for the machine major components, hob workpiece and grinding wheel spindle assembly orientated for using cup wheels
  • Figure 7 is an enlarged view of the inventive grinding spindle assembly in its operative position in a machine.
  • Figure 8 is an enlarged view of an automatic wheel exchange unit attached to the machine base for exchanging grinding wheel packs and coolant manifolds between the grinding spindle mounting interface and storage stations.
  • Figures 1(a), 1(b) and 1(c) show the angular relationships of a grinding wheel in a coordinate system for a cup-shaped grinding wheel 1 in contact along a involute helicoid 2 of one of a sequential series of hob teeth 3 along a thread path 4 with single or multiple starts with a front profile 5 at the cutting face defined by the intersection of the thread involute helicoid 2 and a straight or helical flute 6 and with a relieved back profile 7 near the end of the sharpening life of the tooth position that is restricted in length by the interference point 8 of the grinding wheel 1 with the adjacent hob tooth 9 along the involute helicoid 2.
  • Relationships defined in Figures 1(a), 1(b) and 1(c) are the fixed angle HA (angle 10) of the grinding spindle assembly, the grinding wheel pressure angle PA (angle 11), and the axial pressure angle APA (angle 12) of the hob tooth, the lead angles LAS 1 and LAS 2 of the involute helicoids 13 as viewed from the front, and the swivel setting angle setting 14 of the grinding head assembly as viewed from the front, and the relieving direction 15 relative to the coordinate system.
  • Figures 2(a), 2(b) and 2(c) show the angular relationships of the grinding wheel in a coordinate system for a pencil-shaped or cone-shaped grinding wheel 16 in contact along a involute helicoid 17 of one of a sequential series of hob teeth 18 along a thread path 19 with single or multiple starts with a front profile 20 at the cutting face defined by the intersection of the thread involute helicoid 17 and a straight or helical flute 21 and with a relieved back profile 22 near the end of the sharpening life of the tooth position that is restricted in length by the interference point 23 of the grinding wheel 16 with the adjacent hob tooth 24 along the involute helicoid 17.
  • Relationships defined in the Figures 2(a), 2(b) and 2(c) are the fixed angle 25 of the grinding spindle assembly, angle B (angle 26) which is difference between pressure angle PA trued/dressed on the grinding wheel and the axial pressure angle APA (angle 27) of the hob tooth, the lead angles LAS 1 and LAS 2 of the involute helicoids 28 as viewed from the front, and the swivel setting angle setting 29 of the grinding head assembly as viewed from the front, and the relieving direction 30 relative to the coordinate system.
  • Figure 3 defines the design planes used for optimizing the grinding wheel geometry to reduce deviation from the theoretical tooth profiles with or without involute modifications and the inherent error of the hob tooth grinding wheel to tooth pressure angle conjugant contact points.
  • Design planes are defined at the front 31, midpoint of cam relief 32 and back 33 sections. Also shown are the related nominal hob outside radius 34, nominal hob midpoint radius 35, and end of sharpening life nominal hob radius 36.
  • Figure 4 shows the characteristic error for a hob tooth of an involute profile produced by ordinary machine tool manufacturing methods. Theoretically, a new and different hob is produced every time the hob is sharpened from front to back. A sharpened hob will cut a gear only to the approximate form as the new hob. In addition, the more the hob is sharpened back, the worse the error becomes.
  • Figure 4 shows two axial sections of the hob tooth involute helicoid profile, without involute modifications for the illustration, representing the theoretically correct front position of a new hob 37 and the sharpened back position 38 near the end of the sharpening life along the tooth involute helicoid.
  • the inherent error 39 (error A and error B) occurs when a grinding wheel or form tool, which by nature has a fixed geometric profile, attempts to contact this helicoid surface at both sections 37 and 38 when driven in a fixed path by the machines relieving motions.
  • the grinding wheel head assembly 40 ( Figure 6 ) of this invention can provide the grinding wheel oscillating motion synchronized with the relieving motion to minimize the inherent error.
  • the CNC Controller (such as a Fanuc 160iB computer control) of the inventive grinding machine is operable to provide the radial or offset radial cam relieving motion either from a single axis moving in a horizontal plane when the grinding head assembly is positioned about a horizontal plane for using cup wheels for grinding, or at a compound angle about the vertical plane using multiple axes to provide the cam relieving motion when the grinding head assembly is positioned about a vertical plane for using pencil wheels for grinding.
  • the grinding head assembly is capable of imparting an oscillating motion to the grinding wheel superimposed on the radial or offset radial cam relieving motion which acts to change the swivel orientation of the grinding wheel relative to the pressure angle of the hob tooth profile thereby reducing the tooth pressure angle at the back of the hob tooth relative to the front and midpoint of the relieved tooth profile.
  • This motion makes it possible to manufacture constant normal base pitch hobs which could not be produced by hob grinding prior to the present invention.
  • Figure 5 illustrates the inventive machine having a table 41, direct motor driven head stock 42, live center tailstock 43, steady rests 44 to assist loading arbors assemblies, work holding arbor 45 ( Figure 6 ), hob work piece 46, linear motor driven drive longitudinal axial slide assembly 47, linear motor driven vertical slide assembly 48, linear motor driven horizontal radial in-feed slide assembly 49, grinding spindle swivel assembly 50 orientated for pencil wheel grinding, the slanted (preferably 25 degrees) grinding spindle housing 51 with spindle 65, and pencil grinding wheel 52 with spindle mounted adapter 66.
  • Vector 53 illustrates the relative compound angle radial relieving motion (i.e. cam relieving motion).
  • Figure 6 illustrates machine table 41, direct motor driven head stock 42, live center tailstock 43, the steady rests 44 to assist loading arbors assemblies, work holding arbor 45, hob work piece 46, linear motor driven drive longitudinal axial slide assembly 47, linear motor driven vertical slide assembly 48, linear motor driven horizontal radial in-feed slide assembly 49, grinding spindle swivel assembly 50 orientated for cup-shaped wheel grinding, slanted grinding spindle housing 51 (preferably 25 degrees) with spindle 65, cup-shaped grinding wheel 55 with spindle mounted adapter 66.
  • Vector 56 illustrates the relative compound angle radial relieving motion (i.e. cam relieving motion).
  • Three axes synchronization is needed to produce the cam thread relieving positioning the head stock 42 and the longitudinal axial slide 47 to generate the hob thread lead, the horizontal slide assembly 49 to generate the cam relieving motion 56.
  • the offset setting angle of the grinding wheel swivel assembly 50 and vertical axes 48 height are held at a fixed position during the cam relieving process during cup wheel grinding.
  • the grinding wheel head assembly 40 mounted for vertical motion preferably comprises a variable speed high frequency grinding spindle and capable of being automatically swung through a vertical plane arc of at least plus or minus 120 degrees to a desired setup compound angle dependent on the profile of grinding wheel, thread lead of the cutter, and orientation of the grinding spindle.
  • the grinding spindle housing 51 is orientated from a vertical swivel plane of the grinding wheel head 40 and in a fixed angular position, preferably 25 degrees from the vertical plane, with the grinding wheel position closer to the work piece and the direct drive motor of the spindle 65 away from the work piece.
  • the preferred 25 degree orientation of the grinding spindle 65 provides additional clearance between the grinding spindle motor housing 51 and the outside diameter of the work piece when using cup shaped grinding wheels 55 ( Figure 6 ), with grinding wheel head 40 positioned approximately plus or minus 30 degrees from a horizontal plane, and with relief grinding using a quick horizontal motion combined with rotary and longitudinal motions.
  • the preferred 25 degree orientated grinding spindle can also facilitate pencil shaped grinding wheels 52 ( Figure 5 ) with the grinding wheel head 40 positioned approximately plus or minus 40 degrees or thereabout from a vertical plane resulting in a relief grinding motion using both quick vertical and horizontal motions combined with rotary and longitudinal motions.
  • the grinding wheel head assembly can be oscillated approximately plus or minus 31 ⁇ 2 degrees from the setup angular position during the relief motions to produce coarse module normal base pitch hobs which will have corrected tooth profile pressure angle at the back as well as at the front relieved hob tooth flank. While the fixed 25 degree orientated of the grinding spindle is preferred, the present invention is not limited thereto. Other angular orientations are contemplated and are within the scope of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 7 illustrates additional machine construction including a grinding wheel exchanger cabinet 57, the grinding wheel swivel assembly 50 that includes the slanted grinding spindle 51, a probe 58 (e.g. Renishaw 3D) for setup and inspection functions and a table mounted rotary dresser (wheel truing) assembly 59.
  • a probe 58 e.g. Renishaw 3D
  • a table mounted rotary dresser wheel truing
  • the automatic grinding of hobs and blending of multiple wheel profile preferably includes the in-cycle exchange of grinding wheel packs mounted on spindle adapters, determination of the rough grinding wheel locations relative to pitch points on respective tooth flanks of a tooth space by use of the probe 58, use of acoustical touch sensing to verify the contact position of the grinding wheel profile to the hob existing tooth profile, contouring using the machine axes with acoustical touch sensing for generating grinding wheel profiles on a multitude of grinding wheel technologies (including super abrasives like CBN) with the use of the table mounted dresser 59, measuring of ground profile for blending and error correction with the probing system 58, and the automatic analysis and feedback for error correction of profiles.
  • CBN super abrasives like CBN
  • Figure 8 illustrates an example of an automatic wheel exchanger 60 with multiple stations mounted on a rotary carousel 61 that stores wheel pack assembled to grinding spindle adapters (collectively 62) and associated coolant manifolds 63.
  • a programmable slide assembly 64 facilitates the simultaneous exchange of wheel packs 62 and coolant manifolds 63 between the grinding spindle 51 and the multiple stations on the carousel 61.
  • the automatic wheel and coolant manifold exchange device 60 (located in cabinet 57) is attached to the machine tool to facilitate complete automatic grinding of a hob or milling cutter.
  • the automatic wheel changer device can stage a multitude of grinding wheels mounted on spindle adapters with associated coolant manifolds and automatically exchange the grinding wheel pack with coolant manifolds between the device and grinding spindle thus automatically providing the multitude of wheels needed to complete the entire hob or milling cutter tooth profile.
  • the standard number of stations in the wheel changer device is preferably 8 but magazine storage devices can be interfaced to the wheel exchanger to increase the number of available wheel packs with coolant manifolds available or only limited by space restrictions.
  • a probing system e.g. Renishaw 3D
  • Measuring and reporting of ground profile quality according to current AGMA and DIN internationally accepted hob and milling cutter standards is also contemplated.
  • the inventive machine is capable of grinding single and multiple start hobs preferably greater than 200 mm outside diameter and in the range of about 8 to about 50 module tooth sizes with tooth cutting faces defined by multiple straight or helical flutes (gashes).
  • the machine can also relief grinding large milling cutters preferably greater than 200 mm with axial indexing of teeth and tooth cutting faces defined by multiple straight or helical flutes.
  • the machine preferably incorporates programmable quick response direct and linear motor driven axes with precision glass scale position feedback in a defined combination of rotational, vertical, horizontal, longitudinal, and grinding head swivel motions to relief grind each tooth profile of a hob or milling cutter. Tapered or contoured outside diameter hobs and milling cutters may also be ground. Multiple grinding wheels may be required for grinding each tooth space to complete the left and right flanks, tip radii, and tip diameter.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Grinding-Machine Dressing And Accessory Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
  • Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)
  • Gear Processing (AREA)
EP10768104.1A 2009-09-24 2010-09-23 Tool grinding machine Active EP2480374B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US24530909P 2009-09-24 2009-09-24
PCT/US2010/049963 WO2011038093A1 (en) 2009-09-24 2010-09-23 Tool grinding machine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2480374A1 EP2480374A1 (en) 2012-08-01
EP2480374B1 true EP2480374B1 (en) 2013-05-01

Family

ID=43513767

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10768104.1A Active EP2480374B1 (en) 2009-09-24 2010-09-23 Tool grinding machine

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20120129434A1 (ko)
EP (1) EP2480374B1 (ko)
JP (1) JP5785552B2 (ko)
KR (1) KR101544449B1 (ko)
CN (1) CN102596497B (ko)
ES (1) ES2406430T3 (ko)
WO (1) WO2011038093A1 (ko)

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ES2387528T3 (es) * 2009-10-22 2012-09-25 Klingelnberg Ag Procedimiento de mecanización dura fina de los flancos de los dientes de una rueda dentada
KR101059740B1 (ko) 2011-05-27 2011-08-26 전용배 호브 연마기계
US8801503B2 (en) 2012-06-19 2014-08-12 Gleason Cutting Tools Corporation Grinding machine with multi-spindle grinding head
JP5969346B2 (ja) * 2012-10-01 2016-08-17 オークマ株式会社 ねじ切り加工装置
US20140189991A1 (en) * 2012-10-08 2014-07-10 D4D Technologies, Llc Milling machine having six (6) axis motion system
JP5536250B1 (ja) * 2013-03-22 2014-07-02 三菱重工業株式会社 歯車加工装置
RU2538519C2 (ru) * 2013-04-05 2015-01-10 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Московский государственный технологический университет "СТАНКИН" (ФГБОУ ВПО МГТУ "СТАНКИН") Способ правки абразивного круга
US9555485B2 (en) 2014-04-25 2017-01-31 Gws Tool, Llc Diamond plated grinding endmill for advanced hardened ceramics machining
DE102014007646A1 (de) 2014-05-23 2015-11-26 Liebherr-Verzahntechnik Gmbh Verfahren zur Lagebestimmung der Evolventen bei Verzahnungen
ES2705411T3 (es) * 2015-06-05 2019-03-25 Gleason Cutting Tools Corp Herramientas con dispositivo de información extraíble
KR101700335B1 (ko) * 2016-11-11 2017-02-13 디티알주식회사 복합 스파이럴형 샤프닝 가공기
CN106985009B (zh) * 2017-04-21 2019-01-18 成都壹佰科技有限公司 一种在硬质合金异型齿上开刀刃的五轴仿型设备及外径检测方法
CH714443B1 (de) * 2017-12-15 2020-10-15 Reishauer Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Vermessung eines Wälzbearbeitungswerkzeugs.
JP2021041525A (ja) * 2019-09-11 2021-03-18 アガトン・アクチエンゲゼルシャフト・マシーネンファブリーク モジュラークランプ装置
CN113103080B (zh) * 2021-04-21 2022-04-05 重庆大学 阿基米德蜗轮滚刀设计方法、刃磨修正方法及蜗轮母机配置方法
CN114670063A (zh) * 2022-05-23 2022-06-28 唐山市燕南制锹有限公司 一种自动开刃机

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20120129434A1 (en) 2012-05-24
JP2013505843A (ja) 2013-02-21
KR20120085779A (ko) 2012-08-01
WO2011038093A8 (en) 2011-06-16
CN102596497A (zh) 2012-07-18
ES2406430T3 (es) 2013-06-07
JP5785552B2 (ja) 2015-09-30
EP2480374A1 (en) 2012-08-01
CN102596497B (zh) 2015-03-25
WO2011038093A1 (en) 2011-03-31
KR101544449B1 (ko) 2015-08-13

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