Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
  • E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
  • E04B2/8635—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms with ties attached to the inner faces of the forms
  • E04B2/8641—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms with ties attached to the inner faces of the forms using dovetail-type connections
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
  • E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
  • E04B2/8635—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms with ties attached to the inner faces of the forms
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
  • E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
  • E04B2002/8688—Scaffoldings or removable supports therefor

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the walls of buildings, as well as the processes for the realization of these walls, whatever the use of these buildings, as an individual or collective dwelling, for public, industrial, commercial use, etc., more specifically when these walls comprise at least one supporting wall or the like associated with an outer insulation and an inner facing of the plaster type or the like, so as to obtain walls with thermal inertia.
• a building wall of the type comprising a load-bearing wall or the like, an outer insulation and an inner facing of the plaster type or the like.
• the most common technique at least for buildings of relatively small height and small size, consists, first of all, in casting a slab and manually mounting on this slab, blocks on top of each other to form the wall. carrier. Then, on the so-called “outer" face of this wall, that is to say that which is intended to be turned towards the outside environment of the building, are glued and / or clipped plates of an insulating material such as polystyrene , glass foam, etc.
• a facing layer generally plaster applied to the trowel or plates, stating that, when the wall carrying bricks is covered externally with an insulating material, the layer of facing is generally directly applied to the carrier wall without interposing, for example, another layer of insulation such as glass wool or a layer of air, in order to use the mass of the load-bearing wall and the internal facing as a mass thermal inertia.
• This technique is relatively long to implement because it is performed manually, and induces a high cost.
• This technique is substantially identical to that described above, but instead of mounting the carrier wall manually with blocks, the carrier wall is made in the following manner: with formwork panels, a hollow space is produced which corresponds to the shape that must have the load-bearing wall, then pouring concrete in this space, after having possibly prepared and put in place a reinforcement to finally make a reinforced concrete wall.
• the formwork is removed and the operations described above with the load-bearing wall in blocks, that is to say the laying of the outer insulation and the inner facing, perform the same way.
• This technique is in principle less expensive than the previous one, at least for the construction of large buildings. However, it is still relatively expensive, in particular because it requires relatively long manual operations, for example the assembly and disassembly of the forms, their cleaning, and always the manual or relatively automatic installation of the outer insulation and cladding. inside after the realization of the carrier wall.
• the present invention aims to achieve a building wall and implement a method for the realization of this building wall, regardless of the type of this building, individual or collective housing, building to public, industrial, commercial use, etc., and more specifically when the wall comprises a load-bearing wall associated with an external insulation and an interior facing of the plaster type or the like, to produce a thermal-inertia wall, which largely overcomes the disadvantages of the techniques of the prior art, in particular those defined above in the preamble, in order to obtain a cost price significantly lower than that induced by these prior techniques.
• the present invention relates to a wall characterized in that it comprises at least a first plate of a thermal insulating material, at least a second plate made of plaster, at least one spacer of a determined length between his both ends, means for linking the two ends of said spacer respectively with the two said first and second plates to define therebetween an inter-plate space, and a mixture comprising at least cement and water, said mixture being cast in said inter-plate space.
• the present invention also relates to a method for producing part of a building wall as defined above, characterized in that it consists of:
• FIGS. 1 and 2 schematically represent two successive phases illustrating the implementation of the method according to the invention for producing a building wall according to the invention
• Figures 3 and 4 show, in schematic form, an embodiment of a part of a wall obtained with the method according to the invention, respectively in a side view and in a view from above, the view according to the figure 3 being a cross-section referenced IV-IV in FIG.
• the object of the invention comprises "at least one" element having a given function
• the embodiment described may comprise several of these elements.
• the embodiment of the object according to the invention as illustrated has several elements of identical function and if, in the description, it is not specified that the object according to this invention must obligatorily comprise a number particular of these elements, the object of the invention may be defined as comprising "at least one" of these elements.
• the present invention relates to a building wall, or a portion of wall, whatever the type of this building, individual or collective residential building, building for public, industrial, commercial, etc., and finds a particularly advantageous application when the wall must include at least one supporting wall or the like associated with an outer insulation in contact with the carrier wall, and an inner plaster-type facing or similar, also in contact with the carrier wall.
• the wall according to the invention comprises, with reference to FIGS .1 to 4, at least a first plate 11 of a thermal insulating material, at least a second plate 22 made of plaster, at least one spacer 30 of a determined length between its two ends 31, 32, means for linking the two ends of the spacer respectively with the two first and second plates to define between them an inter-plate space 40, and a mixture 50 comprising at least cement and the water, this mixture being poured into the inter-plate space 40.
• cement is used in its primary sense, that is to say designating a product for binding bodies together when it hardens, in particular by crystallization with water .
• the first plate which is designed to be placed on the outer face of a wall, is made of a material having thermal insulation qualities, but preferably also to withstand weathering. It can possibly receive a protective coating.
• the second plate for its part, is intended to be placed on the inner face of the wall. It is made of plaster, which gives it no particular insulating property, but on the contrary provides a thermal inertia sought in the present invention. It could be designated by the expression “interior facing” by analogy with existing systems, although its decorative function is here secondary, or at least indirect: the plaster, as "facing material” will allow the easy application of a finish, such as paint or wallpaper.
• the term "plaster” designates a building material whose raw material is a calcium sulphate hydrated, used in the form of a paste consisting of a mixture of powder and water, or prepared in the form of plates. It can commonly contain various adjuvants, or starch, or retarders to change the setting time of the plaster. It can also be stained in various colors, or imitating stone or other ancient material. Similar materials known to those skilled in the art can also be used as a plaster.
• the (or) first plate 11 consists of at least one block of a thermal insulating material, selected from the following materials: polystyrene, glass foam, glass wool, etc. .
• the second plate 22 in plaster it is advantageously made from plaster tiles. If the mixture cast in inter-plate space 40 comprises only cement and water, it will be useful to add a binder or tackifier (of known type) to bind this mixture with the second plate. If the mixture cast in the inter-plate space contains cement, water and a plaster type material, it will not be necessary to use an additive, because through the chemical affinities, the mixture will bind automatically with the second plate.
• a binder or tackifier of known type
• the wall comprises a frame 70, for example a reinforcement or the like, embedded in the mixture 50 furthermore advantageously comprising sand and / or granulate, to obtain reinforced concrete.
• a frame 70 for example a reinforcement or the like, embedded in the mixture 50 furthermore advantageously comprising sand and / or granulate, to obtain reinforced concrete.
• the means for linking the two ends 31, 32 of the spacer 30 respectively with the first and second plates are constituted so that one of these ends is embedded in the first plate 11, while the other end 32 is simply pressed against the second plate 22, since the materials of the mixture 50 and the second plate bind to one another.
• the first plate 11 may comprise at least one groove 75, hollowed on its face delimiting the inter-plate space 40, said groove advantageously having an inwardly flared profile (for example at T, at the tail end). 'aronde or the like), so as to form a tenon.
• the end 31 of the spacer can advantageously adopt a complementary shape, so as to form a mortise adapted to cooperate with the tenon groove, and which can be slidably inserted to the desired level in one of the grooves of the first plate 11.
• this groove 75 fills with the mixture 50 when the mixture is poured into the inter-plate space, which has the effect not only to fix the spacer in its position , but also to secure the first plate 11 with the mixture 50 during its crystallization.
• the first plate has on its face delimiting the inter-plate space 40, several grooves 75, which offers more flexibility in the placement of the spacers by the mason and reinforces the link of the first plate 11 with the mixture 50 when the grooves 75 are filled with the mixture 50.
• groove or grooves may be hollowed out in different orientations, that is to say horizontally, vertically or otherwise, depending on the choices of those skilled in the art related in particular to the manufacture of the plate or its implementation .
• the outer face of the first plate 11 that is to say the face intended to be subjected to the weather, be coated with a coating.
• said outer face has a relief promoting the adhesion of the coating, for example in the form of adequate spacing and depth streaks, the skilled person can adapt this parameter depending the nature of the coating to be applied.
• the present invention also relates to the implementation of a method for producing at least a portion of a building wall Mu as defined above, it being specified that this part of wall Mu may constitute the wall. in himself.
• the method consists, first of all to provide at least a first plate 11 of a thermal insulating material, at least a second plate 22 made of plaster and at least one spacer 30 of a given length defined between its two ends 31, 32. It then consists in positioning these first and second plates 11, 22 on a base, which will be defined more specifically below under the generic term slab, so that they are substantially parallel to each other and located at a determined distance Dt l one of the other to define an inter-plate space 40, this distance Dt being that which must have the rigid and solid carrier wall of the wall portion Mu to achieve.
• the method then consists in applying, on the two plates 11, 22, respectively at least two forces represented diagrammatically by the two arrows F1, F2, each having at least one component, these two components being opposite and oriented towards each other. another, FIG. 1, to keep the first and second plates parallel to each other and at the determined distance Dt defined above each other and in contact respectively with the ends 31, 32 of the spacer 30.
• the method then consists in casting, according to the arrow Fc in FIG. 2, a determined mixture 50 in the inter-plate space 40, this mixture comprising at least cement and water, with advantageously granulates such as sand or gravel to get concrete.
• the process then consists in canceling the two forces F1, F2 to obtain in the final part of wall Mu.
• the latter consists of placing the first and second plates 11, 22 on said base so that said first plate constitutes the external face of the wall and said second plate constitutes its internal face.
• the cement chosen to constitute the determined mixture 50 is of the type known to those skilled in the art under the name "quick setting".
• the mixture 50 may comprise an additive for bonding the cement with the material of the second plate.
• an additive is in the field of the skilled person who will choose it depending on the nature of this material.
• the process according to the invention consists in pouring this mixture into the inter-plate space 40 by projection, according to the well known technique itself usually used to coat the walls of a colored coating or the like.
• the method according to the invention comprises a step consisting in applying two forces F1, F2 on the two plates 11, 22.
• these two forces are preferably applied by means of at least one clamp 60 which comprises, in a known manner in itself, at least two end pieces 61, 62, the two end pieces 61, 62 coming into contact with the faces 12, 23 substantially perpendicular to the spacer 30 and the farthest ones, respectively from the first and second plates 11, 22.
• the plates are relatively fragile, sometimes even relatively friable, it may be advantageous to interpose, between at least one of the ends 61, 62 of the clamp 60 and the face 12, 23 of the plate 11, 22 with which it is in contact, at least one plate 64, as schematically illustrated in the figures, to distribute the force on a surface of an area greater than that of the tip and thus avoid marking and even even partially destroy the plate 11, 22.
• the spacer since the spacer must be light and of stainless material because left in place in the cast mixture 50, it is made of a plastic material, for example polymer or the like.
• the method consists in embedding an end 31 in the general shape of mortise (in T, dovetail or the like) of the spacer 30 in this first plate 11, for example in a groove made beforehand, as illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 4, in the manner of an interlocking type mortise and tenon.
• the method comprises a step of inserting an end 31 of said spacer 30 into a groove 75 excavated on the face of said first plate 11 defining said inter-plate space 40, said groove 75 having a flared profile pin-shaped adapted to cooperate with said end 31 adopting a complementary shape mortise.
• the method according to the invention can also consist in producing at least one of the two plates 11, 22 by assembling a plurality of plates units in one of three ways: (i) plates units joined to each other by sandwiching each other, (ii) plates units superimposed on each other by their edge, (iii) a combination of the two previous ways.
• plates units joined to each other by sandwiching each other (ii) plates units superimposed on each other by their edge, (iii) a combination of the two previous ways.
• the method comprises a step of arranging a frame 70, for example a reinforcement, in a manner known in itself. , in the interplate space 40, before casting the mixture 50 in this inter-plate space.
• a method for producing at least a portion of a building wall Mu can be made as illustrated in Figures 1 to 4, starting from a base consisting of a slab Da or the like, that is to say, any substantially horizontal solid surface.
• this method according to the invention also applies to the realization of a wall portion Mu, starting not from a slab, but from a base that can be made of another portion of the wall Mu carried out previously with the same method as described above, possibly even another method, as one of those mentioned in the preamble of the present description.
• this method applies quite interestingly to the construction of an outer wall of a dwelling house or the like which defines an outer space Ext home and an interior space Int.
• Rows of plaster tiles (which constitute the second plates 22 defined above) face the interior Int of the house, for example on the entire perimeter of the house, while polystyrene blocks (which constitute the first plates 11 defined above), arranged at the distance Dt of the plaster tiles, face outside Ext, and the concrete wall obtained with the mixture 50 constitutes the load-bearing wall in the sense of the building technique.
• the concrete used is advantageously fast setting concrete such as for example that described in the application FR 2 856 679, which has a high mechanical strength very quickly, approximately within three hours after casting.
• This concrete has gypsum, it is easily glued to plaster.
• the mixture 50 may comprise an additive to make it adhere even more firmly to the plaster.
• the clamps can be very quickly removed after pouring the concrete, for the realization of a second part of the wall Mu on the first as explained above.
• a complete wall can be made by casting successive layers of about 50 cm high, which does not require very complex and expensive equipment, the implementation of the process does not require the use of heavy means,
• the wall thus produced is immediately ready to receive, on the outside a hydraulic coating or a type RPE (thick plastic coating), while inside, the plaster tiles allow to easily embed the different networks and can receive a usual finish,
• the assembly comprising plaster tiles of 5 or 7 cm and the concrete supporting wall, for example 15 cm, constitutes a thermal accumulator which plays its role:
• the wall according to the invention also has a good acoustic balance.
• the wall produced has a solid mass with a thickness of about 22 cm with an average density of 1700 kg per m 3 , thus constituting a high quality sound barrier assisted by a sound trap constituted by the spring of the mass of the outer polystyrene.
• a house having a wall according to the invention combined with continuous mechanical ventilation (VMC) heat recovery double flow will provide excellent natural comfort in summer and ensure maximum conservation of calories in winter.
• VMC continuous mechanical ventilation
• the concrete perfectly protected from the effects of water as well as temperature variations by the first plate 11, has an increased longevity.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Building Environments (AREA)
• Finishing Walls (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

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• 2009
  • 2009-09-01 FR FR0904128A patent/FR2949483B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2010
  • 2010-08-31 EP EP10752749.1A patent/EP2473684B1/de active Active
  • 2010-08-31 WO PCT/EP2010/062760 patent/WO2011026848A1/fr active Application Filing

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