EP2473684B1 - Gebäudewand und verfahren zur herstellung der wand - Google Patents

Gebäudewand und verfahren zur herstellung der wand Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2473684B1
EP2473684B1 EP10752749.1A EP10752749A EP2473684B1 EP 2473684 B1 EP2473684 B1 EP 2473684B1 EP 10752749 A EP10752749 A EP 10752749A EP 2473684 B1 EP2473684 B1 EP 2473684B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plate
wall
mixture
spacer
plates
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EP10752749.1A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2473684A1 (de
Inventor
Charles Cebador
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
    • E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
    • E04B2/8635—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms with ties attached to the inner faces of the forms
    • E04B2/8641—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms with ties attached to the inner faces of the forms using dovetail-type connections
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
    • E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
    • E04B2/8635—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms with ties attached to the inner faces of the forms
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
    • E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
    • E04B2002/8688—Scaffoldings or removable supports therefor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the walls of buildings, as well as the processes for the realization of these walls, whatever the use of these buildings, as an individual or collective dwelling, for public, industrial, commercial use, etc., more specifically when these walls comprise at least one supporting wall or the like associated with an outer insulation and an inner facing of the plaster type or the like, so as to obtain walls with thermal inertia.
  • the most common technique at least for buildings of relatively small height and small size, consists, first of all, in casting a slab and manually mounting on this slab, blocks on top of each other to form the wall. carrier. Then, on the so-called “outer" face of this wall, that is to say that which is intended to be turned towards the outside environment of the building, are glued and / or clipped plates of an insulating material such as polystyrene , glass foam, etc.
  • a facing layer generally plaster applied to the trowel or plates, stating that, when the wall bearing blocks is covered externally with an insulating material, the layer of facing is generally directly applied to the carrier wall without interposing, for example, another layer of insulation such as glass wool or a layer of air, in order to use the mass of the load-bearing wall and the internal facing as a mass thermal inertia.
  • This technique is relatively long to implement because it is performed manually, and induces a high cost.
  • This technique is substantially identical to that described above, but instead of mounting the carrier wall manually with blocks, the carrier wall is made in the following manner: with formwork panels, a hollow space is produced which corresponds to the shape that must have the load-bearing wall, then pouring concrete in this space, after having possibly prepared and put in place a reinforcement to finally make a reinforced concrete wall.
  • the formwork is removed and the operations described above with the load-bearing wall in blocks, that is to say the laying of the outer insulation and the inner facing, s' perform the same way.
  • This technique is in principle less expensive than the previous one, at least for the construction of large buildings. However, it is still relatively expensive, in particular because it requires relatively long manual operations, for example the assembly and disassembly of the forms, their cleaning, and always the manual or relatively automatic installation of the outer insulation and cladding. inside after the realization of the carrier wall.
  • the present invention is intended to achieve a building wall and implement a method for the realization of this building wall, regardless of the type of this building, individual or collective housing, building to public, industrial, commercial use, etc., and more specifically when the wall comprises a load-bearing wall associated with an external insulation and an interior facing of the plaster type or the like, to produce a thermal-inertia wall, which largely overcomes the disadvantages of the techniques of the prior art, in particular those defined above in the preamble, in order to obtain a cost price significantly lower than that induced by these prior techniques.
  • the present invention relates to a wall according to claim 1.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for producing a portion of a building wall as defined above, according to claim 6.
  • the object of the invention comprises "at least one" element having a given function
  • the embodiment described may comprise several of these elements.
  • the embodiment of the object according to the invention as illustrated has several elements of identical function and if, in the description, it is not specified that the object according to this invention must obligatorily comprise a number particular of these elements, the object of the invention may be defined as comprising "at least one" of these elements.
  • the present invention relates to a building wall, or a portion of wall, whatever the type of this building, individual or collective residential building, building for public, industrial, commercial, etc., and finds a particularly advantageous application when the wall must include at least one supporting wall or the like associated with an outer insulation in contact with the carrier wall, and an inner plaster-type facing or similar, also in contact with the carrier wall.
  • the wall according to the invention comprises, with reference to Figures 1 to 4 at least one first plate 11 of a thermal insulating material, at least one second plate 22 made of plaster, at least one spacer 30 of a determined length between its two ends 31, 32, means for linking the two ends of the spacer respectively with the two first and second plates to define between them an inter-plate space 40, and a mixture 50 comprising at least cement and water, this mixture being poured into the inter-plate space 40.
  • cement is used in its primary sense, that is to say designating a product for binding bodies together when it hardens, in particular by crystallization with water .
  • the first plate which is designed to be placed on the outer face of a wall, is made of a material having thermal insulation qualities, but preferably also to withstand weathering. It can possibly receive a protective coating.
  • the second plate for its part, is intended to be placed on the inner face of the wall. It is made of plaster, which gives it no particular insulating property, but on the contrary provides a thermal inertia sought in the present invention. It could be designated by the expression “interior facing” by analogy with existing systems, although its decorative function is here secondary, or at least indirect: the plaster, as "facing material” will allow the easy application of a finish, such as paint or wallpaper.
  • the term "plaster” designates a building material whose raw material is a calcium sulphate hydrated, used in the form of a paste consisting of a mixture of powder and water, or prepared in the form of plates. It can commonly contain various adjuvants, or starch, or retarders to change the setting time of the plaster. It can also be stained in various colors, or imitating stone or other ancient material. Similar materials known to those skilled in the art can also be used as a plaster.
  • the (or) first plate 11 consists of at least one block of a thermal insulating material, selected from the following materials: polystyrene, glass foam, glass wool, etc. .
  • the second plate 22 in plaster it is advantageously made from plaster tiles. If the mixture cast in inter-plate space 40 comprises only cement and water, it will be useful to add a binder or tackifier (of known type) to bind this mixture with the second plate. If the mixture cast in the inter-plate space contains cement, water and a plaster type material, it will not be necessary to use an additive, because through the chemical affinities, the mixture will bind automatically with the second plate.
  • a binder or tackifier of known type
  • the wall comprises a frame 70, for example a reinforcement or the like, embedded in the mixture 50 furthermore advantageously comprising sand and / or granulate, to obtain reinforced concrete.
  • a frame 70 for example a reinforcement or the like, embedded in the mixture 50 furthermore advantageously comprising sand and / or granulate, to obtain reinforced concrete.
  • the means for linking the two ends 31, 32 of the spacer 30 respectively with the first and second plates are constituted so that one 31 of these ends is embedded in the first plate 11, while the other end 32 is simply pressed against the second plate 22, since the materials of the mixture 50 and the second plate bind to one another.
  • the first plate 11 may comprise at least one groove 75, hollowed on its face delimiting the inter-plate space 40, said groove advantageously having an inwardly flared profile (for example at T, at the tail end). 'aronde or the like), so as to form a tenon.
  • the end 31 of the spacer can advantageously adopt a complementary shape, so as to form a mortise adapted to cooperate with the tenon groove, and which can be slidably inserted to the desired level in one of the grooves of the first plate 11.
  • this groove 75 fills with the mixture 50 when the mixture is poured into the inter-plate space, which has the effect not only to fix the spacer in its position , but also to secure the first plate 11 with the mixture 50 during its crystallization.
  • the first plate has on its face delimiting the inter-plate space 40, several grooves 75, which offers more flexibility in the placement of the spacers by the mason and reinforces the link of the first plate 11 with the mixture 50 when the grooves 75 are filled with the mixture 50.
  • groove or grooves may be hollowed out in different orientations, that is to say horizontally, vertically or otherwise, depending on the choices of the skilled person related in particular to the manufacture of the plate or its implementation .
  • the outer face of the first plate 11 that is to say the face intended to be subjected to the weather, be coated with a coating.
  • said outer face has a relief promoting the adhesion of the coating, for example in the form of adequate spacing and depth streaks, the skilled person can adapt this parameter depending the nature of the coating to be applied.
  • the present invention also relates to the implementation of a method for producing at least a portion of a building wall Mu as defined above, it being specified that this part of wall Mu may constitute the wall. in himself.
  • the method consists, first of all to provide at least a first plate 11 of a thermal insulating material, at least a second plate 22 made of plaster and at least one spacer 30 of a given length defined between its two ends 31, 32.
  • first and second plates 11, 22 are substantially parallel to each other and located at a determined distance Dt l one of the other to define an inter-plate space 40, this distance Dt being that which must have the rigid and solid carrier wall of the wall portion Mu to achieve.
  • the method then consists in applying, on the two plates 11, 22, respectively at least two forces represented diagrammatically by the two arrows F1, F2, each having at least one component, these two components being opposite and oriented towards each other. other, figure 1 , to maintain the first and second plates parallel to each other and at the determined distance Dt defined above each other and in contact respectively with the ends 31, 32 of the spacer 30.
  • the method then consists in casting, according to the arrow Fc on the figure 2 a particular mixture 50 in the inter-plate space 40, this mixture comprising at least cement and water, with advantageously aggregates such as sand or gravel to obtain concrete.
  • the process then consists in canceling the two forces F1, F2 to obtain in the final part of wall Mu.
  • the latter consists of placing the first and second plates 11, 22 on said base so that said first plate constitutes the external face of the wall and said second plate constitutes its internal face.
  • the cement chosen to constitute the determined mixture 50 is of the type known to those skilled in the art under the name "quick setting".
  • the mixture 50 may comprise an additive for bonding the cement with the material of the second plate.
  • an additive is in the field of the skilled person who will choose it depending on the nature of this material.
  • the process according to the invention consists in pouring this mixture into the inter-plate space 40 by projection, according to the well known technique itself usually used to coat the walls of a colored coating or the like.
  • the method according to the invention comprises a step consisting in applying two forces F1, F2 on the two plates 11, 22.
  • these two forces are preferably applied by means of at least one clamp 60 which comprises, in a known manner in itself, at least two end pieces 61, 62, the two end pieces 61, 62 coming into contact with the faces 12, 23 substantially perpendicular to the spacer 30 and the farthest ones, respectively from the first and second plates 11, 22.
  • the plates are relatively fragile, sometimes even relatively friable, it may be advantageous to interpose, between at least one of the ends 61, 62 of the clamp 60 and the face 12, 23 of the plate 11, 22 with which it is in contact, at least one plate 64, as schematically illustrated in the figures, to distribute the force on a surface of an area greater than that of the tip and thus avoid marking and even even partially destroy the plate 11, 22.
  • the spacer since the spacer must be light and of stainless material because left in place in the cast mixture 50, it is made of a plastic material, for example polymer or the like.
  • the method consists in embedding an end 31 in the general shape of mortise (T-shape). , dovetail or the like) of the spacer 30 in this first plate 11, for example in a previously made groove, as illustrated in FIGS. Figures 1 to 4 , like a mortise and tenon type interlocking.
  • the method comprises a step of inserting an end 31 of said spacer 30 into a groove 75 excavated on the face of said first plate 11 defining said inter-plate space 40, said groove 75 having a flared profile pin-shaped adapted to cooperate with said end 31 adopting a complementary shape mortise.
  • the other end 32 of the spacer 30 is simply plated on the inner face of the second plate 22, with or without a plate or the like as the wafer 64 described above, Figures 1 to 4 .
  • the method according to the invention can also consist in producing at least one of the two plates 11, 22 by assembling a plurality of plates units in one of three ways: (i) plates units joined to each other by sandwiching each other, (ii) plates units superimposed on each other by their edge, (iii) a combination of the two previous ways.
  • plates units joined to each other by sandwiching each other (ii) plates units superimposed on each other by their edge, (iii) a combination of the two previous ways.
  • the method comprises a step of arranging a frame 70, for example a reinforcement, in a manner known in itself. , in the inter-plate space 40, before casting the mixture 50 in this inter-plate space.
  • a method for producing at least a portion of a building wall Mu As previously specified, such a portion of wall Mu can be made as illustrated on the Figures 1 to 4 , starting from a base constituted by a slab Da or the like, that is to say any substantially horizontal solid surface.
  • this method according to the invention also applies to the realization of a wall portion Mu, starting not from a slab, but from a base that can be made of another portion of the wall Mu carried out previously with the same method as described above, possibly even another method, as one of those mentioned in the preamble of the present description.
  • this method applies quite interestingly to the construction of an outer wall of a dwelling house or the like which defines an outer space Ext home and an interior space Int.
  • Rows of plaster tiles (which constitute the second plates 22 defined above) face the interior Int of the house, for example on the entire perimeter of the house, while polystyrene blocks (which constitute the first plates 11 defined above), arranged at the distance Dt of the plaster tiles, face outside Ext, and the concrete wall obtained with the mixture 50 constitutes the load-bearing wall in the sense of the building technique.
  • the concrete used is advantageously fast setting concrete such as for example that which is described in the application FR 2,856,679 which has a high mechanical strength very quickly, about three hours after casting.
  • This concrete has gypsum, it is easily glued to plaster.
  • the mixture 50 may comprise an additive to make it adhere even more firmly to the plaster.
  • the clamps can be very quickly removed after pouring the concrete, for the realization of a second part of the wall Mu on the first as explained above.
  • a house having a wall according to the invention combined with continuous mechanical ventilation (VMC) heat recovery double flow will provide excellent natural comfort in summer and ensure maximum conservation of calories in winter.
  • VMC continuous mechanical ventilation
  • the concrete perfectly protected from the effects of water as well as temperature variations by the first plate 11, has an increased longevity.
  • a concrete such as that indicated above which also has many advantages, is sensitive to water. But when it is used to implement the process according to the invention, it is sandwiched between the two plates 11, 22 and is thus protected from the essentially external water, has no shrinkage on drying and does not undergo a change in temperature since it is protected by panels of thermal insulating material.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Wand, die mindestens eine erste Platte (11), die aus mindestens einem Block aus einem wärmeisolierenden Material gebildet ist, mindestens eine zweite Platte (22), die aus mindestens einer Gipsplatte gebildet ist, mindestens einen Abstandhalter (30) von einer bestimmten Länge zwischen seinen zwei Enden (31, 32), Mittel zum Verbinden der zwei Enden des Abstandhalters jeweils mit der ersten und zweiten Platte, um zwischen ihnen einen Plattenzwischenraum (40) zu definieren, und eine Mischung (50), die mindestens Zement und Wasser enthält, wobei die Mischung in den Plattenzwischenraum (40) gegossen ist, aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel zum Verbinden der zwei Enden (31, 32) des Abstandhalters (30) jeweils mit der ersten und zweiten Platte (11, 22) jeweils derart gebildet sind, dass das eine (31) dieser Enden in der ersten Platte (11) eingebaut ist, wobei das andere Ende (32) gegen die zweite Platte (22) gedrückt ist, wobei sich die Materialien der Mischung und der zweiten Platte miteinander verbinden.
  2. Wand nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste Platte (11) aus mindestens einen Block aus einem wärmeisolierenden Material gebildet ist, der aus den folgenden Materialien ausgewählt ist: Polystyrol, Schaumglas, Glaswolle.
  3. Wand nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mischung einen Zusatzstoff umfasst, um den Zement mit dem Material der zweiten Platte zu verbinden.
  4. Wand nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie eine Armierung (70) aufweist, die in die Mischung (50) eingebettet ist.
  5. Wand nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste Platte (11) mindestens eine Nut (75) aufweist, die auf ihrer Seite eingetieft ist, die den Plattenzwischenraum (40) begrenzt, wobei die Nut (75) ein zapfenförmiges, aufgeweitetes Profil aufweist, das geeignet ist, indem es eine komplementäre Form annimmt, mit dem Ende (31) von mindestens einem Abstandhalter (30) zusammenzuwirken und mit der Mischung (50) gefüllt zu werden.
  6. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Abschnitts einer Gebäudewand (Mu) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es aus Folgendem besteht:
    • Beschaffen einer ersten Platte (11), die aus mindestens einen Block aus einem wärmeisolierenden Material gebildet ist,
    • Beschaffen einer zweiten Platte (22), die aus mindestens einer Gipsplatte gebildet ist,
    • Beschaffen eines Abstandhalters (30) von einer bestimmten Länge zwischen seinen zwei Enden (31, 32),
    • Positionieren der ersten und zweiten Platte (11, 22) auf einen Sockel, indem der Abstandshalter (30) derart zwischen sie gefügt wird, dass die erste und zweite Platte im Wesentlichen in einem bestimmten Abstand (Dt) voneinander parallel zueinander sind, indem zwischen ihnen ein Plattenzwischenraum (40) definiert wird, wobei ein Ende (31) des Abstandhalters (30) in die erste Platte (11) eingebaut wird und das andere Ende (32) des Abstandhalters (30) auf die zweite Platte (22) gedrückt wird,
    • Ausüben auf die erste und zweite Platte (11, 22) von jeweils mindestens zwei Kräften (F1, F2), die jeweils mindestens eine Komponente aufweisen, wobei die zwei Komponenten einander entgegengesetzt und einander zugewandt sind, um die erste und zweite Platte in Kontakt jeweils mit den Enden (31, 32) des Abstandhalters (30) und in dem bestimmten Abstand (Dt) zu halten,
    • Gießen einer Mischung (50), die mindestens Zement und Wasser enthält, in den Plattenzwischenraum (40) und
    • Aufheben der zwei Kräfte (F1, F2), wenn die Mischung nach mindestens teilweiser Kristallisation eine gegebene mechanische Festigkeit aufweist, um den Wandabschnitt (Mu) zu erhalten.
  7. Verfahren nach dem Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es darin besteht, die erste und die zweite Platte (11, 22) derart auf dem Sockel anzuordnen, dass die erste Platte die Außenseite der Mauer und die zweite Platte die Innenseite davon bildet.
  8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es darin besteht, die Mischung (50) mit schnellabbindendem Zement zu erstellen.
  9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es darin besteht, die Mischung (50) durch Spritzen in den Plattenzwischenraum (40) zu gießen.
  10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es darin besteht, die Kräfte (F1, F2) mit Hilfe von mindestens einer Schraubzwinge (60) auszuüben, die mindestens zwei Ansätze (61, 62) aufweist, wobei die zwei Ansätze (61, 62) mit den Seiten (12, 23) in Kontakt kommen, die im Wesentlichen senkrecht zu dem Abstandhalter (30) und am weitesten entfernt von jeweils der ersten und zweiten Platte (11, 22) sind.
  11. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es darin besteht, mindestens eine der ersten oder zweiten Platte (11, 22) durch Zusammenbauen von mehreren Platteneinheiten auf eine der drei folgenden Arten zu erstellen: Platteneinheiten, die aneinandergereiht sind, Platteneinheiten, die durch ihren Rand übereinander gelagert sind, eine Kombination der zwei vorhergehenden Arten.
  12. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Sockel eines der folgenden Elemente ist: eine Platte (Da), ein anderer Mauerabschnitt (Mu), der zuvor erstellt worden ist, oder eine Kombination von diesen.
EP10752749.1A 2009-09-01 2010-08-31 Gebäudewand und verfahren zur herstellung der wand Active EP2473684B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0904128A FR2949483B1 (fr) 2009-09-01 2009-09-01 Mur de batiment et procede pour realiser ce mur
PCT/EP2010/062760 WO2011026848A1 (fr) 2009-09-01 2010-08-31 Mur de bâtiment et procede pour realiser ce mur.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2473684A1 EP2473684A1 (de) 2012-07-11
EP2473684B1 true EP2473684B1 (de) 2015-12-02

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EP10752749.1A Active EP2473684B1 (de) 2009-09-01 2010-08-31 Gebäudewand und verfahren zur herstellung der wand

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FR (1) FR2949483B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2011026848A1 (de)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115387501B (zh) * 2022-09-19 2024-02-27 江苏华源建筑设计研究院股份有限公司 一种节能低耗的建筑墙体

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3405736A1 (de) * 1984-02-17 1985-08-22 Ipa-Isorast International S.A., Panama Schalungselement fuer die mantelbetonbauweise sowie waermedaemmplatte
DE9418036U1 (de) * 1994-11-10 1995-01-12 Chiu, Fu-Sung, Hua Lien Mauerblock-Baueinheit
US5570552A (en) * 1995-02-03 1996-11-05 Nehring Alexander T Universal wall forming system
FR2827895B1 (fr) * 2001-07-27 2004-02-13 Albert Jose Baldi Outil pour garder le bon ecartement entre deux planches de coffrage
FR2856679B1 (fr) 2003-06-26 2006-12-22 Couturier Jean Procede de preparation d'anhydrite iii stabilise a partir de platre.

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FR2949483B1 (fr) 2013-11-08
EP2473684A1 (de) 2012-07-11
WO2011026848A4 (fr) 2011-07-07
FR2949483A1 (fr) 2011-03-04
WO2011026848A1 (fr) 2011-03-10

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