EP2456616A1 - Composite body - Google Patents

Composite body

Info

Publication number
EP2456616A1
EP2456616A1 EP10737294A EP10737294A EP2456616A1 EP 2456616 A1 EP2456616 A1 EP 2456616A1 EP 10737294 A EP10737294 A EP 10737294A EP 10737294 A EP10737294 A EP 10737294A EP 2456616 A1 EP2456616 A1 EP 2456616A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
composite body
body according
core
laminate
foam
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10737294A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Sven Brauers
Rouven Brauers
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hydroflex Technologies GmbH
Original Assignee
Hydroflex Technologies GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hydroflex Technologies GmbH filed Critical Hydroflex Technologies GmbH
Publication of EP2456616A1 publication Critical patent/EP2456616A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
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    • B32B21/00—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board
    • B32B21/04—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board comprising wood as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B21/08—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board comprising wood as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
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    • B32B21/10—Next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
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    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/546—Flexural strength; Flexion stiffness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/724—Permeability to gases, adsorption
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B2605/18—Aircraft
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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    • Y10T428/24149—Honeycomb-like
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T428/24479—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness
    • Y10T428/24496—Foamed or cellular component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249987—With nonvoid component of specified composition
    • Y10T428/24999—Inorganic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249987—With nonvoid component of specified composition
    • Y10T428/249991—Synthetic resin or natural rubbers
    • Y10T428/249992—Linear or thermoplastic

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a composite body, for example and in particular an aircraft component or a sports device for surfing or the like, and uses.
  • DE 39 40 707 Al discloses devices for thermal and / or sound insulation with a base body made of an elastically deformable base material with predominantly open cells and a barrier layer.
  • the barrier layer is formed as a gas-tight envelope, which encloses the base body gas-tight.
  • the air pressure in the interior is less than the air pressure of the ambient air surrounding the shell.
  • DE 603 17 340 T2 discloses insulating constructions useful in garments, sleeping bags, air mattresses and the like, wherein the insulating values of the garment or other constructions are adjustable by the user.
  • the multilayer construction according to the invention comprises an insulating layer which is adhesively held in place with respect to all the other components in the construction, thereby solving an existing problem associated with known insulated garments and the like, namely the migration of insulation within the garment components. resulting in unwanted warm and / or cold areas within a construction that should be uniformly insulating, is reduced.
  • a multilayer inflatable and airlaid composite element comprising at least two layers of a flexible, waterproof, air-impermeable, optionally water-vapor permeable material, the two layers forming at least one inflatable cell therebetween.
  • the two layers have at least one additional layer of porous insulating material disposed between them within the cell.
  • AT 406 341 B discloses in particular a method for producing a molded part with at least one hollow body made of fiber-reinforced plastic, in particular a ski or ski components, wherein at least one molded resin-impregnated pulp, deformable hollow chamber is formed in a closed mold by internal gas pressure, wherein the Generation of the internal gas pressure in the interior of the deformable hollow chamber, a the interior of the hollow chamber only partially filling amount of liquid is introduced, whereupon after gas-tight completion of the hollow chamber, the liquid is heated above its boiling point. This results in hardening materialless cores, which are surrounded by individual layers of a sheath.
  • DE 33 15 776 A1 discloses multi-part elastic hollow bodies which are shaped differently and are surrounded by different different materials, so that cluster-like structures are formed, these hollow bodies reinforcing the correspondingly formed structures due to their special design.
  • AT 403 251 B discloses, in particular, skis which have at least one inner materialless hollow core. surrounded by several layers, whereby by pressure application, the mechanical properties of the skis can be changed.
  • US 4,753,836 discloses a classic core-laminate coated composite body.
  • Well-known devices for surfing such as surfboards, windsurfing boards, skateboards, skimboards, wakeboards, kneeboards or kiteboards can consist of a base made of foam, which is brought in a first step in a desired board-like shape with a top and bottom, and in a second step with laminate coatings.
  • the laminate coatings are carried out in two consecutive production runs, since both the top and underside of the board-type base body have to be laminated separately in order to obtain complete laminate coating of the base body.
  • the laminate coating can also be done in a consolidation pass.
  • US 4,753,836 discloses inter alia a device, in particular a sports equipment for surfing or the like, with a base body of foam, which has at least one laminate coating of a fabric laminate and a ballast, wherein an intermediate layer between the base body and the laminate coating is in the form of a board, wherein the board is laminated to the base and the laminate laminate with laminate over it is laminated.
  • a surfboard is subjected to considerable stress, which can lead to the deformation of the surfboard of up to 30 cm.
  • the problem arises that the lami- natummantelung at the points of the main body Foam triggers where compression due to mechanical stress of the surfboard occurs.
  • This solution process of laminate sheath proceeds with further use of the surfboard on and causes the surfboard can not be used as intended and eventually breaks.
  • the mechanical stresses on surfboards, depending on the purpose and user due to the different wind and wave forces and the different weights of the surfer are very different with respect to the device having a core and a surrounding laminate coating. For higher mechanical forces, the laminate thicknesses have to be made differently strong for such devices, which is associated with sometimes considerable weight increases, which are undesirable in many cases.
  • this object of the invention is achieved by a composite body according to claim 1 and a use according to claim 37.
  • the body according to the invention has a core, which is at least partially formed as an open-pore foam, for example, and in particular of polystyrene, and at least partially surrounding this core laminate coating on.
  • a core which is at least partially formed as an open-pore foam, for example, and in particular of polystyrene, and at least partially surrounding this core laminate coating on.
  • At least in part of the Core and / or in at least one of the part of the laminate coating is overpressure or at least in a part of the core and / or at least in a part of the laminate coating overpressure feasible, for example, and in particular by the introduction of air, via a means for adjusting For example, and in particular via a valve, so that experience shows that in a range of up to approx.
  • the flexural rigidity of the body according to the invention can be significantly increased without that a usual delamination occurs and this would lead to a complete destruction of the body.
  • Such an embodiment realizes such an intimate connection of the individual layers with each other or between the core and laminate coating, wherein the embodiment with a core layer is such a layer which is a layer of a core material, in particular foam material in the laminate coating, so that when applying an internal pressure due to the tensile and compressive forces, the delamination processes do not occur; Consequently, the core layer acts as an additive for the core.
  • connection between the core and a laminate sheathing can be considerably improved even under extreme mechanical loads. Furthermore, an optimal combination of lightness, flexibility and stability can be achieved.
  • the ballast can penetrate and thus by the enlarged surface and the improved engagement by the roughened surface an improved connection between the surface of the core and / or the Core layer of foam and the laminate sheath effect.
  • the recesses are groove-shaped, so that along the line-shaped grooves a particularly firm connection between the base body made of foam and the laminate sheathing is given.
  • At least in sections in the grooves at least sections fabric laminate is arranged.
  • a significant increase in strength can be achieved by, for example, a plurality, preferably 1 to 20, longitudinally extending grooves are milled into the body and then the Fabric laminate is pressed into the grooves, for example by means of a suitable tool.
  • the grooves can be filled with ballast before being pressed in.
  • the fabric laminate can be applied in the form of fabric laminate strips, for example 15 to 35 cm wide. However, fabric laminate strips of smaller or greater width or a full-area fabric laminate layer can also be used. Subsequently, the laminate coating is completed by applying a ballast compound.
  • the fiber content can be increased up to 80%, which further increases the stability and strength.
  • the grooves have a depth of up to 4 cm, in order to provide a connection between the core or the core layer of foam and the laminate sheath which also withstands extreme mechanical stresses.
  • the grooves run parallel and / or crossing on the surface of the body in order to achieve a direction-independent improvement of the connection.
  • the recesses are formed vertical hole.
  • the vertical hole-shaped recesses may be conical or cylindrical and have a depth of up to 8 cm and a diameter of up to 5 mm.
  • the depressions can also connect the top and bottom of the board-shaped core or the core layer to one another by forming passages, so that the two laminate coatings are directly connected to one another by bed mass in the passages.
  • the depressions Preferably, however, the depressions have a depth of 1 to 2 cm and a diameter of 1 to 3 mm, the depressions preferably being regular are arranged.
  • the core or the core layer has a regular pattern with depressions, in which the ballast compound can penetrate and thus improves the connection between the base body of foam and the laminate sheath.
  • the basic body can also be provided with an irregular pattern.
  • the intermediate layer comprises material of the core and the bedding mass.
  • the interlayer has mechanical properties that relieve stress that occurs at an interface of two different materials under mechanical stress.
  • the intermediate layer comprises material of the fabric laminate.
  • fabric laminate sections can be pressed into the core or the core layer or the core or the core layer is coated with the fabric laminate and then the fabric laminate is punctiformly pressed into the body or the core layer.
  • devices may be used such as a jigsaw with blunt tip or a truncated needle roller. Such a device also withstands extreme loads.
  • the fabric laminate preferably consists of art and / or natural fibers, glass fibers, aramid fibers, polyethylene fibers, polypropylene fibers, mixed fibers, carbon fibers, PMI fibers (polymethacrylimide), glass filament fabrics, carbon fabrics, fiberglass fabrics, hemp fiber fabrics, dyneema fibers, bamboo fabrics, texalium fibers, parabeam ( Spacer fabric), cotton fibers, kevlar fibers, basalt fabric, fiberglass layer / fabric, glass roving fabric, or a combination of the named materials.
  • the tissue surface weight in the case of glass fibers is 80 g / m 2 to 480 g / m 2 and, in the case of aramid, 60 g / m 2 to 400 g / m 2 . If particularly high loads are to be expected, the fabric surface weight in the case of glass fibers or aramid can be up to 1000 g / m 2 .
  • the fabric laminate preferably has at least one weave from the group consisting of linen, twill 1/3, twill 2/2 unidirectionally, glass staple fiber fabric, glass roving fabric, carbon scrim, biaxial scrim.
  • foams which, depending on the preparation, may be open-pore to closed-pore, but are preferably polyurethane or polystyrene foams which are easy and cost-effective to process.
  • PVC Core-Cell SAN
  • XPS extruded polystyrene
  • PMI foam polymethacrylimide
  • PMA foam polymethacrylamide
  • EPS foam expandable polystyrene
  • SAN Styrene-acrylonitrile
  • polymer foam SP 110 phenolic foam.
  • a natural resin and / or a synthetic resin an unsaturated polyester resin (UP), epoxy resin (EP), vinyl ester resin (VE) or polyurethane resin (PU) are used as a bedding compound.
  • UP unsaturated polyester resin
  • EP epoxy resin
  • VE vinyl ester resin
  • PU polyurethane resin
  • foams such as polyurethane or polystyrene can be easily coated or encased together with the above-mentioned fabric laminates.
  • the bedding compound is mixed with fillers.
  • ballast compounds may be hollow glass spheres, talc, wood flour, glass fiber chips, fiberglass chips, cotton flakes, microballoons, aluminum powder, ground carbon fibers, chalk, quartz powder, ground hemp fibers, silicas or dyes or nanoparticles, in particular and for example made of carbon (for example Baytubes, Bayer) or aus Titan (for example from Ocean IT) or a combination thereof.
  • the adhesion and processability of the ballast compound can be positively influenced as well as an adaptation of the mechanical properties of the core or the core layer of foam can be achieved, so as to avoid detachment of the laminate coating or the core layer or the core layer ,
  • the core has at least one channel-like element, for example and in particular in the form of a channel or a hose, for example and in particular of polyethylene or PVC, which extends at least partially through the core, in order in this way appropriate pressure application to allow faster pressure equalization in the core itself.
  • a channel-like element for example and in particular in the form of a channel or a hose, for example and in particular of polyethylene or PVC, which extends at least partially through the core, in order in this way appropriate pressure application to allow faster pressure equalization in the core itself.
  • the core at least partially has at least one honeycomb-like structural element in order to provide an increase in the mechanical stability of the core with relatively little weight increase.
  • the core at least partially has a combination of foams, for example of polyurethane foams, in order to allow a tailor-made adaptation to the respective application areas in this way. Further, it is advantageous if the core at least partially fiber mats, fiberglass-perforated plates or fiber-reinforced foams, as these have proven to be extremely reliable in practice.
  • the overpressure is realized by means of at least one member from the group air, nitrogen, inert gas and fluid, in particular water and oils, as these members have proven in practice.
  • the laminate coating has an opening element, for example, and in particular in the form of a drain plug or a rotary valve, in order in this way to possibly undesirably penetrate liquids, in particular water, again by leaving the composite Body dismiss.
  • the composite body according to the invention has a pressure measuring element in order to print the appropriate
  • the means for adjusting an underpressure or overpressure has a cover element and / or is embedded in the composite body in order to protect it mechanically.
  • a markedly intensive and strong bond between the individual layers of the laminate coating and / or between the material core and laminate coating and / or between the core layer and at least one further layer of the laminate coating results in these being at least up to a maximum Pressure of about 5 bar is pressure-resistant, so that when an application of an overpressure but also a negative pressure no material failure occurs and, moreover, when applying an overpressure of the composite body according to the invention becomes stiffer.
  • the laminate coating is gas-tight in order to avoid disturbing pressure losses due to leaks.
  • the rigidity of such a construction is increased or lowered under reduced pressure with the pressure application, which in the case of surfboards leads to the fact that, with appropriate application, a stiffness of the surfboard optimally adapted to the respective wave conditions can be set.
  • the flexibility is adaptable, wherein moreover liquid intakes, especially of water, by establishing an overpressure is avoided or already in the composite body according to the invention befindliches water or other liquids are pushed out accordingly via a possible drain valve.
  • the material properties, in particular the flexibility of the composite body, can be adjusted particularly well if, advantageously, the ratio of the laminate coating thicknesses of opposing sides is in the range from 1: 1 to 1: 3.
  • the necessary intimate bonding of the individual laminate layers in the laminate coating itself is achieved, for example, and in particular by the laminate coating having at least one fabric laminate and a bedding compound, with an intermediate layer between the core and the laminate coating and / or with an intermediate layer between a core layer Laminate coating and at least one NEN part of the laminate coating, wherein the intermediate layer has a recessed layer of foam.
  • the composite body according to the invention can thus be adapted in terms of its properties, in particular with regard to its rigidity and Beulfestigket (as explained above), moreover, a significant increase in the safety of a composite body is achieved because at an unwanted pressure equalization or loss of Composite body has sufficient residual stability to avoid complete failure. If the core consists predominantly of open-celled foams, in particular a water absorption by an existing overpressure can be completely and reliably prevented. Elaborate and costly repairs due to penetrated water and problems caused by osmosis can be reliably prevented, for example, in yacht building.
  • molds to be shaped can be designed relatively freely by means of milling or by hand, for example by making them out of foam blocks.
  • shear failure ie the occurrence not only of bumps in the case of pressure application, but actually the "collapse" of the different layers of material laminate downwards in the direction of the core, this is achieved by a corresponding application of an overpressure in the core. ranges and thus a much higher stability with very high weight savings in relation to conventional methods in which corresponding solid form elements are incorporated on or in the core, for example in surfboards the so-called.
  • the composite bodies according to the invention are dimensionally stable and reproducibly accurate in terms of their dimensions, and moreover their characteristic can be controlled by pressure change, which has a direct effect on the characteristics of the composite body.
  • such an aircraft wing or a wing of a wind turbine can be adapted to the respective prevailing conditions or areas of use, the higher the pressure, the stiffer the construction as such is.
  • Possible applications are, for example, and in particular surfboards, wings, wind turbines, Yacht building, automotive area as well as architecture.
  • Surfboards The characteristics of a surfboard can be customized, with a low pressure application resulting in an increase in flexibility.
  • the board can be stiffened by increasing the internal pressure.
  • the internal pressure significantly increases the stability of the board. The bigger the waves, the bigger the internal pressure, the more stable the board. Overpressure will not absorb water if damaged.
  • Wing The flexibility and characteristics can be optimally adapted to speed and flight behavior.
  • the stability increases while saving weight.
  • Good control possibilities for damages due to falling or rising of the internal pressure are evident.
  • a broad field of application is conceivable, in particular for ultralight and sports aircraft.
  • Wind turbines In wind turbines, an increase in efficiency by adapting the wing characteristics to the prevailing wind conditions is possible by adjusting the stability of the wings and a usually strong weight saving in relation to conventionally reinforced wings.
  • the composite body according to the invention can be produced by the following steps, illustrated by means of a surfboard:
  • the inventive method is based on the surprising finding that an improvement in the connection between the core and a laminate coating can be achieved if after step 2 an intermediate layer between the core and a laminate coating is present, wherein the intermediate layer of a recessed layer of Having foam.
  • the recesses consist of grooves and / or countersunk holes, so that along the line-shaped grooves and in the arranged on the surface sink holes, the bedding compound can penetrate and causes an improvement in the connection between the core or the core layer and the laminate coating.
  • tissue particles are introduced into at least part of the wells before the second step.
  • the tissue particles can be sections of suitable size of the tissue laminate or sections of the fabric laminate which has been applied flatly to the core or the core layer and was pressed into the core at selected points (engraved).
  • an increase in the fiber volume in the intermediate layer can be achieved, which leads to an increase in mechanical strength.
  • the depressions are filled at least partially with a bedding compound before the introduction of the tissue particles.
  • the recesses can be made by milling, for example with a CNC machine, drilling, punching, cutting, compacting or other methods.
  • a plurality for example 1 to 20
  • grooves running in the longitudinal direction of the core or the core layer can be introduced into the core or the core layer by milling.
  • the introduced grooves are dimensioned such that the fabric laminate can be at least partially pressed into the grooves, for example with a suitable tool, before the laminate coating is completed by applying a ballast compound.
  • the grooves can be filled with bedding compound. Alternatively, the filling of the grooves can also be done later. With the penetration of tissue particles, a fiber content of up to 80% can be achieved, which increases the strength and stability.
  • the grooves and / or sink holes are made by pressing the surface of the core or the core layer. Thus, no material-removing manufacturing processes are needed are harmful to health due to their dust development.
  • the grooves are produced and in a second step sink holes are introduced into the surface of Kenrs or the core layer.
  • the grooves are preferably produced by means of a milling cutter, while the sinkholes are also produced by means of a needle roller.
  • the deeper and larger countersunk holes do not hinder the introduction of grooves on the surface of the core or the core layer by means of a comb.
  • the bedding compound can penetrate into the grooves and / or countersunk holes previously introduced into the surface of the basic body and at the same time improve the connection with the fabric laminate to be applied.
  • Different bedding compounds can be used for coating and laminating. However, it is preferably provided that the same bedding mass is used, so that the connection between the bedding mass introduced into the grooves and / or sinkholes and the bedding mass used for laminating is optimized.
  • the lamination is done by hand, using a vacuum press, the autoclave method, the roving winding method or by the injection method.
  • the fabric laminate When hand lamination, the fabric laminate is placed on the filled-up base body. Then bedding compound is poured onto the fabric laminate and into the Massaged tissue laminate on the base body.
  • the main tools used for this purpose are brushes and grooved rollers / velor rollers.
  • a tear-off fabric is placed.
  • the tear-off fabric consisting, for example, of nylon fibers can be peeled or torn off after curing of the bedding compound and thus produces a defined rough, clean and tack-free surface which can be further processed.
  • the curing of the laminates takes place without pressure at room temperature. There are warm and cold curing bedding compounds that cure at temperatures of 10 to 230 ° C. Subsequently, a further processing can take place.
  • the film presses on the laminate and presses it onto the mold.
  • the maximum pressure is given by the ambient air pressure and is approx. Max. 1 bar.
  • the fiber content of the laminate can be increased or excess ballast mass can be squeezed out.
  • light support materials such as foamed plastics or honeycombs can be bonded to high-strength cover layers made of resin or fabric, thus forming an extremely lightweight and strong component. Required is a uniform contact pressure.
  • the laminate is first covered with a tear-off fabric and a non-adhesive perforated foil. An air-permeable absorbent fleece is placed on it, which has the task of distributing the vacuum evenly and absorbing excess bedding compound from the laminate. The subsequent curing can be carried out at room temperature, but also a heat treatment is possible.
  • a tear-off fabric, a perforated film, a non-woven fabric and a vacuum film are also used. used. Subsequently, a vacuum is generated.
  • the curing of the bedding compound can be carried out under a pressure of 6 bar and temperatures of 170 ° C or at room temperature.
  • Another method is the injection method in which dry tissue laminate is placed on the base body. The impregnation of the fabric laminate with the ballast compound takes place only after a vacuum has been generated.
  • a further advantageous device is characterized in that it has a surface having at least partially roughness elements.
  • Another advantage is that due to the rough surface, it is no longer necessary to wax at least the top of such a board to ensure a secure footing on the board (and increases the grip of the board).
  • the labor-intensive coating with wax is eliminated, whereby after use of the board, the wax must be removed, which is also very labor-intensive.
  • the wax softens under sunlight and sticking in contact and thus leads to significant contamination, for example in the interior of a car.
  • the notches are formed point-symmetrical and are arranged independently of direction.
  • the surface structure not only increases the speed in one direction, but also reduces the water resistance in all directions, ie even on backward or sideways movements.
  • the structure of the invention is particularly suitable for surfboards, wakeboards or kite boards.
  • the maximum roughness depth of the notches is up to 1000 microns, preferably between 60 to 150 microns.
  • the maximum roughness depth is defined as the vertical distance between the highest and the lowest point of a (filtered) roughness profile within a test section according to DIN 4762.
  • the average roughness value is between 5 and 100 ⁇ m, preferably between 10 and 15 ⁇ m.
  • the average roughness value is defined as the arithmetic mean of the profile deviations of the (filtered) roughness profile from the middle line within the test section according to DIN 4786, DIN 4762 and ISO 4287/1.
  • a further advantageous embodiment is characterized in that the surface of the laminated base body is at least partially provided with roughness elements.
  • the roughness elements have a maximum roughness depth of up to 200 .mu.m, preferably between 60 and 150 .mu.m, the average roughness value being between 5 and 50 .mu.m, preferably between 10 and 15 .mu.m, since experimental investigations have shown that these values are On the one hand a significant reduction in water resistance is achieved and at the same time a sufficient grip of the surface is given, which makes it possible to dispense with the use of a wax coating.
  • These roughness elements can be produced by impressing or pressing in as well as by machining processes.
  • a tear-off fabric is applied to the base material. body is removed, which is removed after completion of laminating again.
  • the use of a tear-off fabric is known in lamination by hand, using a vacuum press in the autoclave process and the vacuum injection process. The tear-off fabric is placed on the laminate before the bedding material hardens.
  • the surface provided with roughness elements is coated with a mass.
  • This mass of suitable low-viscosity consistency penetrates into the depressions and collects at the bottom of the depressions, so that the depressions are partially filled up and thus the roughness profile is homogenized by filling in the deepest depressions.
  • the low-viscosity mass polyester resin, Teflon, epoxy resin, acrylic lacquer or lotus lacquer contains.
  • the tear-off fabric consists of nylon fibers and can be peeled or torn off after curing of the ballast compound.
  • the tear-off fabric may also consist of other materials that do not absorb the ballast compound and therefore do not form a bond with the hardened ballast compound. After tearing off the tear-off fabric remains a rough, clean and tack-free surface, which can be further processed. It has surprisingly been found that the surface structure, which has arisen after removal of the tear-off, is provided with direction-independent roughness elements, which lead to a noticeable reduction in water resistance.
  • the tear-off fabric comprises the weave linen or body having a regular structure.
  • the tear-off fabric has a basis weight of between 50 and 120 g / m 2 , preferably between 90 and 110 g / m 2 .
  • the composite body according to the invention can be used in particular as a water sports device, sports equipment for surfing, kite board, windsurfboard, paddleboard, waterskate, sports equipment, snowboard, ski, kayak, as a component in aircraft, wing element, wings for ultralight aircraft, heights and rudder, as a component in Vehicle construction, vehicle body, body part, spoiler, tower, hood, as a component in shipbuilding, fuselage attachment, hull, as a component in wind turbines, wind turbine blades, wind power rotor blade, underwater turbine wing, as a component in building construction, canopy, winter garden scaffolding.
  • Wind turbine up to 50 m blade length (shell construction only one half)
  • Construction refrigerated transporter construction of plates
  • Laminate about 500 - 1000 g / m 2
  • Laminate about 500 - 1000 g / m 2
  • BASF EPS 10 with a density of 10 kg / m3 has a pressure stability of 0.15 kg / cm2.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic section through a device according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 is a partial enlargement of the in
  • Fig. 0 shown apparatus according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view of a first embodiment of a device according to the invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a plan view of another embodiment of a device according to the invention.
  • Fig. 6-9 surface profiles of a surfboard according to the invention.
  • the device comprises a core 2 made of polyurethane or polystyrene or another foam whose upper side is provided with a laminate coating 4 of a fabric laminate and a bedding compound. Between the core 2 and the laminate coating 4 is an intermediate layer 6, which consists of a surface portion of the core 2 having a plurality was provided by differently shaped depressions, has penetrated into the bedding mass, with which also the fabric laminate was soaked. At the rear right end of the device, a means M for adjusting the negative pressure or overpressure, namely a valve is arranged. This can be firmly anchored by careful drilling through the laminate coating 4 in such a hole, but other ways are possible, for example, screwing in a designated thread.
  • the core further comprises two channel-like elements 15 in the form of hoses, which ensure a faster pressure equalization in the core 2.
  • honeycomb-like structural elements 16 which serve to increase the core strength without having to accept a large amount of weight are to be found in several places, with only one point being illustrated by way of example in FIG.
  • the laminate coating 4 has both an opening element 17 in the form of a rotary valve, which serves for discharging unwanted gases or liquids inside the core, as well as a pressure measuring element 18, which serves to control the pressure conditions in the core and allows the user Accordingly, to achieve a rapid correction of the desired pressure conditions in the core material.
  • the core 2 is realized as a foam
  • this may also be designed without material, but then in the laminate coating 4, a core layer K must be present, which consists of foam, so within the laminate coating 4 a corresponding firm connection between individual laminate layers or at least a part thereof can be realized, reference being made to the in the description following explanation with respect to an intermediate layer 6 between the core 2 and the laminate natitation 4.
  • a plurality of roughness elements 8 are arranged, which have the task of reducing the water resistance.
  • the core 2 is brought into a desired shape, such as a surfboard, by means of grinding machines, planing, sawing and emery paper or by means of a CNC machine.
  • grooves are pressed into the surface of the core 2 by means of a milling cutter. Subsequently, the entire surface of the core 2 is provided with sink holes using a coarse needle roller. Thereafter, this operation is repeated with the needle roller with smaller needles. The needle rollers are moved in different directions and these steps are repeated until a uniform structure results on the surface.
  • the surface can be provided with a particularly large number of depressions in order to achieve a particularly resistant connection between the core 2 and the laminate coating 4 in these areas.
  • the cleaned core 2 is coated or filled with the bedding compound so that the bedding mass runs into the generated sinkholes and grooves 10 and thus an optimal connection between the core 2 and the laminate sheath 4 ensure.
  • the core 2 By coating the core 2 with the bedding mass, it is ensured that the bedding compound runs into the depressions, and not the bedding mass is absorbed by the fabric laminate.
  • Suitable bedding compounds are preferably the following resins:
  • Unsaturated polyester resins bio resins, epoxy resins, vinyl ester resins and polyurethane resins. These resins may be provided with fillers such as glass bubbles, talc, wood flour, glass fiber chips, cotton flakes, alum powder, ground carbon fibers, chalk, quartz powder, ground hemp fibers, silicic acids and dyes.
  • a glass filament fabric, aramid fabric, carbon fabric, fiberglass fabric, hemp fiber fabric, dyneema, bamboo fabric or veneer or a combination fabric made of the materials mentioned is provided on a separate table with the bedding compound.
  • the ratio of fabric laminate layer thicknesses from top to bottom can be 1: 1 to 1: 3.
  • the laminate coatings of the upper and lower sides overlap, so that in the region of the joint edges a double laminate coating is given, in order to ensure a sufficiently stable connection under stress at the joint edges.
  • Any trapped air bubbles are massaged after applying the fabric laminate with the help of a spatula.
  • a tear-off fabric is applied, which is not absorbent and therefore does not absorb the bedding mass.
  • the tear-off nylon fabric with the weave linen or twill has a basis weight of 50 to 120 g / m 2 .
  • the tearing of the tear-off fabric roughened the surface of the base body 2, so that a final surface coating adheres better.
  • Any air bubbles trapped during the application of the tear-off fabric are also massaged with a spatula.
  • the production of a negative mold is not necessary, but it can be provided with laminate sheathing individual shapes.
  • the method is not only suitable for the production of fiber composite materials for sports equipment, such as surfboards, but can be advantageously used in other areas such as prosthetic, in aviation or vehicle.
  • an injection method can also be used. Subsequently, the bedding mass is sucked into the fabric laminate by the vacuum, the bedding mass being provided with transport channels which ensure an optimized distribution of the bedding mass. In this case, the orientation of the fibers of the fabric laminate is maintained due to the low flow rate of the ballast, which leads to reproducibly good mechanical properties.
  • the surfboard-shaped main body 2 are provided with three longitudinally extending grooves 10, which were filled prior to lamination with a ballast, such as a resin or a resinous mass. However, other bedding masses can also be used.
  • a ballast such as a resin or a resinous mass.
  • fabric laminate strips 12 are applied with a width of 15 to 20 cm (see Fig. 2). However, fabric laminate strips 12 having a greater width (up to 35 cm) can also be applied to the core 2 (see FIG. 3) or a fabric laminate layer 14 is applied over the entire surface.
  • the fabric laminate strips 12 or the fabric laminate layer 14 are pressed into the grooves 10, wherein the portions of the pressed fabric laminate strips 12 or the fabric laminate layer 14 are impregnated by the ballast, with which the grooves 10 are filled.
  • impressions of the fabric laminate strips 12 or the fabric laminate layer 14 into the grooves 10 can be made first, followed by a
  • the impressions of the fabric laminate strips 12 or the fabric laminate layer 14 can be carried out with the aid of a tool.
  • the fiber content can be increased up to 80%, which causes a further increase in strength and stability.
  • FIGS. 6 to 9 show surface profiles of surfboards according to the invention.
  • the maximum roughness depth is a vertical distance between the highest and lowest points of the filtered roughness profile within the reference span.
  • the surface profile of Figure 5 has a maximum surface roughness of 118.5 microns
  • the surface profile of Figure 6 has a maximum roughness of 96.64 microns
  • the surface profile of Figure 7 has a maximum roughness of 71.20 microns
  • the surface profile of the figure 8 has a maximum surface roughness of 140.8 microns.
  • the mean roughness which is the arithmetic mean
  • the profile deviation of the (filtered) roughness profile from the middle line within the measuring path according to DIN 4786, DIN 4762 and ISO 4287/1 is defined as 12.62 ⁇ m in the surface profile of FIG. 5, in the surface profile according to FIG 6 12.09 microns, in the surface profile of Figure 7 11.6 microns and in the surface profile of Figure 8 12.88 microns.

Abstract

The invention relates to a composite body with a laminate coating (4) at least partially surrounding a core (2) of the composite body, wherein at least in a part of the core (2) that is at least partially surrounded by the laminate coating (4) a vacuum is present or at least in said part of the core (2) a vacuum can be realized in a delamination free manner. The core (2) is designed at least partially as open-pored foam and/or a vacuum is present in at least a part of the laminate coating (4), or a vacuum can be realized in said part of the laminate coating (4), wherein the core (2) is at least partially designed as open-pored foam.

Description

Composite-Körper  Composite body
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Composite-Körper, beispielsweise und insbesondere ein Flugzeug-Bauteil oder ein Sportgerät zum Wellenreiten oder dergleichen, und Verwendungen. The invention relates to a composite body, for example and in particular an aircraft component or a sports device for surfing or the like, and uses.
DE 39 40 707 Al offenbart Vorrichtungen zur Wärme- und bzw. Schalldämmung mit einem Grundkörper aus einem elastisch verformbaren Grundstoff mit überwiegend offenen Zellen und einer Sperrschicht. Die Sperrschicht ist als gasdichte Hülle ausgebildet, die den Grundkörper gasdicht umhüllt. Der Luftdruck im Innenraum ist geringer als der Luftdruck der die Hülle umgebenden Umgebungsluft .  DE 39 40 707 Al discloses devices for thermal and / or sound insulation with a base body made of an elastically deformable base material with predominantly open cells and a barrier layer. The barrier layer is formed as a gas-tight envelope, which encloses the base body gas-tight. The air pressure in the interior is less than the air pressure of the ambient air surrounding the shell.
DE 603 17 340 T2 offenbart isolierende Konstruktionen, die in Kleidungsstücken, Schlafsäcken, Luftmatratzen und dergleichen nützlich sind, wobei die Isolierwerte des Kleidungsstücks oder der anderen Konstruktionen durch den Benutzer einstellbar ist. Die mehrlagige erfindungsgemäße Konstruktion umfaßt eine Isolierlage, die haftfest mit Bezug auf alle anderen Komponenten in der Konstruktion an Ort und Stelle gehalten wird, wodurch ein vorhandenes Problem, das mit bekannten isolierten Kleidungsstücken und dergleichen verbunden ist, nämlich die Migration der Isolierung innerhalb der Kleidungsstückkomponenten, was zu unerwünschten warmen und/oder kalten Bereichen innerhalb einer Konstruktion führt, die gleichmäßig isolierend sein soll, reduziert wird. Dabei wird insbesondere ein mehrlagiges aufblasbares und luftablasbares Verbundelement bereitgestellt, wobei das Element mindestens zwei Lagen eines flexiblen, wasserfesten, luftundurchlässigen, wahlweise wasserdampfdurchlässigen Material umfaßt, wobei die beiden Lagen mindestens eine aufblasbare Zelle dazwischen bilden. Die beiden Lagen weisen mindestens eine zusätzliche Lage eines porösen Isoliermaterials auf, das zwischen ihnen innerhalb der Zelle angeordnet ist. DE 603 17 340 T2 discloses insulating constructions useful in garments, sleeping bags, air mattresses and the like, wherein the insulating values of the garment or other constructions are adjustable by the user. The multilayer construction according to the invention comprises an insulating layer which is adhesively held in place with respect to all the other components in the construction, thereby solving an existing problem associated with known insulated garments and the like, namely the migration of insulation within the garment components. resulting in unwanted warm and / or cold areas within a construction that should be uniformly insulating, is reduced. In particular, there is provided a multilayer inflatable and airlaid composite element, the element comprising at least two layers of a flexible, waterproof, air-impermeable, optionally water-vapor permeable material, the two layers forming at least one inflatable cell therebetween. The two layers have at least one additional layer of porous insulating material disposed between them within the cell.
AT 406 341 B offenbart insbesondere ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Formteils mit mindestens einem Hohlkörper aus faserverstärktem Kunststoff, insbesondere eines Skis oder von Skibauteilen, wobei mindestens eine mit Kunstharz getränktem Faserstoff umhüllte, verformbare Hohlkammer in einer geschlossenen Form durch inneren Gasdruck geformt wird, wobei zur Erzeugung des inneren Gasdruckes in das Innere der verformbaren Hohl- kammer eine das Innere der Hohlkammer nur teilweise füllende Menge Flüssigkeit eingeführt wird, worauf nach gasdichtem Abschluß der Hohlkammer die Flüssigkeit über ihren Siedepunkt erwärmt wird. Hierdurch entstehen beim Aushärten materiallose Kerne, die von einzelnen Schichten einer Umhüllung umgeben sind.  AT 406 341 B discloses in particular a method for producing a molded part with at least one hollow body made of fiber-reinforced plastic, in particular a ski or ski components, wherein at least one molded resin-impregnated pulp, deformable hollow chamber is formed in a closed mold by internal gas pressure, wherein the Generation of the internal gas pressure in the interior of the deformable hollow chamber, a the interior of the hollow chamber only partially filling amount of liquid is introduced, whereupon after gas-tight completion of the hollow chamber, the liquid is heated above its boiling point. This results in hardening materialless cores, which are surrounded by individual layers of a sheath.
DE 33 15 776 Al offenbart mehrteilige elastische Hohlkörper, die unterschiedlich ausgeformt sind und von verschiedenen unterschiedlichen Materialien umgeben sind, so daß sich clusterartige Strukturen bilden, wobei diese Hohlkörper die entsprechend gebildeten Strukturen aufgrund ihrer speziellen Ausgestaltung verstärken.  DE 33 15 776 A1 discloses multi-part elastic hollow bodies which are shaped differently and are surrounded by different different materials, so that cluster-like structures are formed, these hollow bodies reinforcing the correspondingly formed structures due to their special design.
AT 403 251 B offenbart insbesondere Skier, die mindestens einen inneren materiallose Hohlkern aufwei- sen, der von mehreren Schichten umgeben ist, wobei durch Druckapplikation sich die mechanischen Eigenschaften der Skier verändern lassen. AT 403 251 B discloses, in particular, skis which have at least one inner materialless hollow core. surrounded by several layers, whereby by pressure application, the mechanical properties of the skis can be changed.
US 4,753,836 offenbart einen klassischen Kern-La- minatbeschichtungs-Composite-Körper .  US 4,753,836 discloses a classic core-laminate coated composite body.
Bekannte Vorrichtungen zum Wellenreiten, wie Surfbretter, Windsurfboards, Skateboards, Skimboards, Wakeboards, Kneeboards oder Kiteboards können aus einem Grundkörper aus Schaumstoff bestehen, der in einem ersten Arbeitsschritt in eine gewünschte brettartige Form mit einer Ober- und Unterseite gebracht wird, und der in einem zweiten Arbeitsschritt mit Laminatbeschichtun- gen versehen wird. Dabei erfolgen die Laminatbeschich- tungen in zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Fertigungsdurchgängen, da sowohl die Ober- als auch Unterseite des brettartigen Grundkörpers getrennt voneinander laminiert werden müssen, um eine vollständige Laminatumman- telung des Grundkörpers zu erhalten. Jedoch kann die Laminatbeschichtung auch in einem Festigungsdurchgang erfolgen.  Well-known devices for surfing, such as surfboards, windsurfing boards, skateboards, skimboards, wakeboards, kneeboards or kiteboards can consist of a base made of foam, which is brought in a first step in a desired board-like shape with a top and bottom, and in a second step with laminate coatings. The laminate coatings are carried out in two consecutive production runs, since both the top and underside of the board-type base body have to be laminated separately in order to obtain complete laminate coating of the base body. However, the laminate coating can also be done in a consolidation pass.
US 4,753,836 offenbart unter anderem eine Vorrichtung, insbesondere ein Sportgerät zum Wellenreiten oder dergleichen, mit einem Grundkörper aus Schaumstoff, der wenigstens eine Laminatbeschichtung aus einem Gewebelaminat und eine Bettungsmasse aufweist, wobei eine Zwischenschicht zwischen dem Grundkörper und der Laminatbeschichtung in Form eines Boards gegeben ist, wobei das Board auf den Grundkörper laminiert und das Gewebe- laminat mit Bettungsmasse darüber auflaminiert wird.  US 4,753,836 discloses inter alia a device, in particular a sports equipment for surfing or the like, with a base body of foam, which has at least one laminate coating of a fabric laminate and a ballast, wherein an intermediate layer between the base body and the laminate coating is in the form of a board, wherein the board is laminated to the base and the laminate laminate with laminate over it is laminated.
Während des Gebrauchs ist beispielsweise ein Surf- brett einer erheblichen Belastung ausgesetzt, die zur Deformation des Surfbretts von bis zu 30 cm führen können. Hierbei tritt das Problem auf, daß sich die Lami- natummantelung an den Stellen vom Grundkörper aus Schaumstoff löst, an denen es zu Stauchungen aufgrund der mechanischen Belastung des Surfbrettes kommt. Dieser Lösungsprozeß der Laminatummantelung schreitet bei weiterem Gebrauch des Surfbretts weiter fort und führt dazu, daß das Surfbrett nicht mehr bestimmungsgemäß verwendet werden kann und eventuell bricht. Darüber hinaus sind die mechanischen Beanspruchungen insbesondere an Surfbretter je nach Verwendungszweck und Benutzer aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Wind- und Wellenkräfte als auch der unterschiedlichen Gewichte der Surfer sehr unterschiedlich in Bezug auf die Vorrichtung, die einen Kern und einen diesen umgebende Laminatbe- schichtung aufweist. Für höhere mechanische Kräfte müssen für solche Vorrichtungen die Laminatstärken unterschiedlich stark ausgestaltet werden, was mit zum Teil erheblichen Gewichtserhöhungen verbunden ist, die in vielen Fällen unerwünscht sind. During use, for example, a surfboard is subjected to considerable stress, which can lead to the deformation of the surfboard of up to 30 cm. Here, the problem arises that the lami- natummantelung at the points of the main body Foam triggers where compression due to mechanical stress of the surfboard occurs. This solution process of laminate sheath proceeds with further use of the surfboard on and causes the surfboard can not be used as intended and eventually breaks. In addition, the mechanical stresses on surfboards, depending on the purpose and user due to the different wind and wave forces and the different weights of the surfer are very different with respect to the device having a core and a surrounding laminate coating. For higher mechanical forces, the laminate thicknesses have to be made differently strong for such devices, which is associated with sometimes considerable weight increases, which are undesirable in many cases.
Es ist daher Aufgabe der Erfindung, einen entsprechenden Composite-Körper bereitzustellen, das selbst bei ausgesprochen hohen mechanischen Belastungen relativ geringe Laminatbeschichtungsdimensionierungen aufweist und somit ein relativ geringes Eigengewicht hervorbringt . Darüber hinaus ist es weiterhin eine Aufgabe der Erfindung, einen entsprechenden Composite-Körper bereitzustellen, der unterschiedlichen Beanspruchungen und Belastungen ohne Materialversagen gerecht wird.  It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a corresponding composite body, which has relatively low laminate coating dimensions even with very high mechanical loads and thus produces a relatively low weight. In addition, it is a further object of the invention to provide a corresponding composite body, the different stresses and strains without material failure is fair.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe der Erfindung gelöst durch einen Composite-Körper nach Anspruch 1 und eine Verwendung nach Anspruch 37.  According to the invention this object of the invention is achieved by a composite body according to claim 1 and a use according to claim 37.
Der erfindungsgemäße Körper weist einen Kern, der zumindest teilweise als offenporiger Schaum ausgebildet ist, beispielsweise und insbesondere aus Polystyrol, und eine zumindest teilweise diesen Kern umgebende La- minatbeschichtung auf. Zumindest in einem Teil des Kerns und/oder zumindest in einem der Teil der Laminat- beschichtung herrscht Überdruck oder ist zumindest in einem Teil des Kerns und/oder zumindest in einem Teil der Laminatbeschichtung ein Überdruck realisierbar, beispielsweise und insbesondere durch das Einbringen von Luft, über ein Mittel zum Einstellen des Überdruk- kes beispielsweise und insbesondere über ein Ventil, so daß erfahrungsgemäß in einem Bereich von bis zu ca . 0,5 - 5 Bar die Biegesteifigkeit des erfindungsgemäßen Körpers erheblich erhöht werden kann ohne, daß eine sonst übliche Delaminierung auftritt und dies zu einer vollständigen Zerstörung des Körpers führen würde . Hierfür erforderlich ist eine innige Verbindung der einzelnen Schichten in der Laminatbeschichtung, wobei es insbesondere vorteilhaft ist, wenn die Laminatbeschichtung wenigstens ein Gewebelaminat und eine Bettungsmasse aufweist, mit einer Zwischenschicht zwischen dem Kern und der Laminatbeschichtung und/oder mit einer Zwischenschicht zwischen einer Kernschicht der Laminatbeschichtung und wenigstens einem Teil der Laminatbeschichtung, wobei die Zwischenschicht ein mit Vertiefungen versehene Schicht aus Schaum aufweist. Eine solche Ausgestaltung realisiert eine solche innige Verbindung der einzelnen Schichten untereinander bzw. zwischen Kern und Laminatbeschichtung, wobei bei der Ausgestaltung mit einer Kernschicht es sich um eine solche Schicht handelt, die eine Schicht aus einem Kernmaterial, insbesondere Schaummaterial in der Laminatbeschichtung ist, so daß bei Applikation eines Innendruckes durch die auftretenden Zug- und Druckkräfte die Delami- nierungsprozesse eben nicht auftreten; mithin die Kernschicht quasi als Zusatz für den Kern fungiert. The body according to the invention has a core, which is at least partially formed as an open-pore foam, for example, and in particular of polystyrene, and at least partially surrounding this core laminate coating on. At least in part of the Core and / or in at least one of the part of the laminate coating is overpressure or at least in a part of the core and / or at least in a part of the laminate coating overpressure feasible, for example, and in particular by the introduction of air, via a means for adjusting For example, and in particular via a valve, so that experience shows that in a range of up to approx. 0.5 - 5 bar, the flexural rigidity of the body according to the invention can be significantly increased without that a usual delamination occurs and this would lead to a complete destruction of the body. This requires an intimate connection of the individual layers in the laminate coating, wherein it is particularly advantageous if the laminate coating comprises at least one fabric laminate and a ballast, with an intermediate layer between the core and the laminate coating and / or with an intermediate layer between a core layer of the laminate coating and at least a portion of the laminate coating, wherein the intermediate layer comprises a recessed layer of foam. Such an embodiment realizes such an intimate connection of the individual layers with each other or between the core and laminate coating, wherein the embodiment with a core layer is such a layer which is a layer of a core material, in particular foam material in the laminate coating, so that when applying an internal pressure due to the tensile and compressive forces, the delamination processes do not occur; Consequently, the core layer acts as an additive for the core.
Es ist vorteilhaft, daß die Einstellung des Überdruckes im Kern und in der Laminatbeschichtung unabhän- gig realisiert ist bzw. wird, da auf diese Weise die Eigenschaften insbesondere hinsichtlich der Flexibilität des Composite-Körpers besonders genau eingestellt werden können. Dies kann bespielsweise und insbesondere dadurch realisiert werden, daß einzelene Ventile bzw. deren Ventilschächte zum einen in den Kern und zum anderen in die Laminatbeschichtung, insbesondere die Kernschicht, ragen. It is advantageous that the adjustment of the overpressure in the core and in the laminate coating is independent. gig is realized or will, since in this way the properties can be adjusted particularly precisely, in particular with regard to the flexibility of the composite body. This can bespielsweise and in particular be realized that individual valves or their valve wells on the one hand in the core and on the other in the laminate coating, in particular the core layer, protrude.
Durch eine Schaum aufweisende Zwischenschicht mit Vertiefungen kann die Verbindung zwischen dem Kern und einer Laminatummantelung, bestehend aus zwei Laminat- beschichtungen, auch unter extrem mechanischen Belastungen erheblich verbessert werden. Ferner kann so eine optimale Kombination von Leichtigkeit, Flexibilität sowie Stabilität erreicht werden.  By means of a foam-containing intermediate layer with depressions, the connection between the core and a laminate sheathing, consisting of two laminate coatings, can be considerably improved even under extreme mechanical loads. Furthermore, an optimal combination of lightness, flexibility and stability can be achieved.
In die Vertiefungen der Schicht aus Schaum, die in den Kern und/oder die Kernschicht eingebracht wurde, kann die Bettungsmasse eindringen und so durch die vergrößerte Oberfläche und den verbesserten Eingriff durch die aufgerauhte Oberfläche eine verbesserte Verbindung zwischen der Oberfläche des Kerns und/oder der Kernschicht aus Schaum und der Laminatummantelung bewirken.  In the recesses of the layer of foam, which was introduced into the core and / or the core layer, the ballast can penetrate and thus by the enlarged surface and the improved engagement by the roughened surface an improved connection between the surface of the core and / or the Core layer of foam and the laminate sheath effect.
Vorzugsweise ist vorgesehen, daß die Vertiefungen rillenförmig ausgebildet sind, so daß entlang der Ii- nienförmigen Rillen eine besonders feste Verbindung zwischen dem Grundkörper aus Schaumstoff und der Laminatummantelung gegeben ist .  Preferably, it is provided that the recesses are groove-shaped, so that along the line-shaped grooves a particularly firm connection between the base body made of foam and the laminate sheathing is given.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, daß wenigstens abschnittsweise in die Rillen wenigstens abschnittsweise Gewebelaminat angeordnet ist. So kann eine deutliche Erhöhung der Festigkeit erreicht werden, indem beispielsweise eine Vielzahl, vorzugsweise 1 bis 20, in Längsrichtung verlaufende Rillen in den Grundkörper eingefräst werden und anschließend das Gewebelaminat in die Rillen eingedrückt wird, beispielsweise mit Hilfe eines geeigneten Werkzeugs. Dabei können die Rillen vor dem Eindrücken mit Bettungsmasse aufgefüllt werden. Das Gewebelaminat kann in Form von Gewebelaminatstreifen, beispielsweise mit einer Breite von 15 bis 35 cm, aufgebracht werden. Jedoch können auch Gewebelaminatstreifen kleinerer oder größerer Breite oder eine ganzflächige Gewebelaminatlage verwendet werden. Anschließend wird die Laminatbeschichtung durch Aufbringen einer Bettungsmasse abgeschlossen. So kann der Faseranteil auf bis zu 80 % erhöht werden, was die Stabilität und Festigkeit weiter erhöht. In a preferred embodiment it is provided that at least in sections in the grooves at least sections fabric laminate is arranged. Thus, a significant increase in strength can be achieved by, for example, a plurality, preferably 1 to 20, longitudinally extending grooves are milled into the body and then the Fabric laminate is pressed into the grooves, for example by means of a suitable tool. The grooves can be filled with ballast before being pressed in. The fabric laminate can be applied in the form of fabric laminate strips, for example 15 to 35 cm wide. However, fabric laminate strips of smaller or greater width or a full-area fabric laminate layer can also be used. Subsequently, the laminate coating is completed by applying a ballast compound. Thus, the fiber content can be increased up to 80%, which further increases the stability and strength.
Dabei weisen die Rillen eine Tiefe bis zu 4 cm auf, um eine auch extrem mechanischen Belastungen widerstehende Verbindung zwischen dem Kern bzw. der Kernschicht aus Schaumstoff und der Laminatummantelung bereitzustellen.  The grooves have a depth of up to 4 cm, in order to provide a connection between the core or the core layer of foam and the laminate sheath which also withstands extreme mechanical stresses.
Dabei verlaufen die Rillen parallel und/oder sich kreuzend auf der Oberfläche des Grundkörpers, um eine richtungsunabhängige Verbesserung der Verbindung zu erreichen.  The grooves run parallel and / or crossing on the surface of the body in order to achieve a direction-independent improvement of the connection.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, daß die Vertiefungen senklochförmig ausgebildet sind. Die senklochförmigen Vertiefungen können konisch oder zylinderförmig ausgebildet sein und weisen dabei eine Tiefe bis zu 8 cm und einen Durchmesser bis zu 5 mm auf. Die Vertiefungen können aber auch die Ober- und Unterseite des brettförmigen Kerns bzw. der Kernschicht durch Bildung von Durchgängen miteinander verbinden, so daß die beiden Laminatbeschichtungen durch Bettungs- masse in den Durchgängen direkt miteinander verbunden sind. Vorzugsweise jedoch weisen die Vertiefungen eine Tiefe von 1 bis 2 cm und einen Durchmesser von 1 bis 3 mm auf, wobei die Vertiefungen vorzugsweise regelmäßig angeordnet sind. Somit weist der Kern bzw. die Kernschicht ein regelmäßiges Muster mit Vertiefungen auf, in die die Bettungsmasse eindringen kann und so die Verbindung zwischen dem Grundkörper aus Schaumstoff und der Laminatummantelung verbessert . Es kann der Grundkörper jedoch auch mit einem unregelmäßigen Muster versehen werden. In a further embodiment it is provided that the recesses are formed vertical hole. The vertical hole-shaped recesses may be conical or cylindrical and have a depth of up to 8 cm and a diameter of up to 5 mm. However, the depressions can also connect the top and bottom of the board-shaped core or the core layer to one another by forming passages, so that the two laminate coatings are directly connected to one another by bed mass in the passages. Preferably, however, the depressions have a depth of 1 to 2 cm and a diameter of 1 to 3 mm, the depressions preferably being regular are arranged. Thus, the core or the core layer has a regular pattern with depressions, in which the ballast compound can penetrate and thus improves the connection between the base body of foam and the laminate sheath. However, the basic body can also be provided with an irregular pattern.
Vorzugsweise ist vorgesehen, daß die Zwischenschicht Material des Kerns und der Bettungsmasse aufweist. Durch die Kombination dieser beiden Materialien in der Zwischenschicht weist die Zwischenschicht mechanischen Eigenschaften auf, die mechanische Spannungen abbauen, die an einer Grenzfläche zweier unterschiedlicher Materialien bei mechanischer Beanspruchung auftreten.  It is preferably provided that the intermediate layer comprises material of the core and the bedding mass. By combining these two materials in the interlayer, the interlayer has mechanical properties that relieve stress that occurs at an interface of two different materials under mechanical stress.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, daß die Zwischenschicht Material des Gewebelaminats aufweist. Dabei können Gewebelaminatabschnitte in den Kern bzw. die Kernschicht eingedrückt werden oder es wird der Kern bzw. die Kernschicht mit dem Gewebelaminat beschichtet und anschließend das Gewebelaminat punktuell in den Körper bzw. die Kernschicht eingedrückt . Hierzu können Vorrichtungen verwendet werden wie eine Stichsäge mit stumpfer Spitze oder eine abgestumpfte Nadelrolle. Eine derartige Vorrichtung widersteht auch extremen Belastungen.  In a further embodiment it is provided that the intermediate layer comprises material of the fabric laminate. In this case, fabric laminate sections can be pressed into the core or the core layer or the core or the core layer is coated with the fabric laminate and then the fabric laminate is punctiformly pressed into the body or the core layer. For this purpose, devices may be used such as a jigsaw with blunt tip or a truncated needle roller. Such a device also withstands extreme loads.
Vorzugsweise besteht das Gewebelaminat aus Kunst und/oder Naturfasern, Glasfasern, Aramidfasern, PoIy- ethylenfasern, Polypropylenfasern, Mischfasern, Kohlefasern, PMI -Fasern (Polymethacrylimid) , Glasfilamentge- webe, Kohlegewebe, Fiberglasgewebe, Hanffasergewebe, Dyneemafasern, Bambusgewebe, Texaliumfasern, Parabeam (Abstandsgewebe) , Baumwollfasern, Kevlarfasern, Basaltgewebe, Fiberglasgelage/-gewebe, Glasrovinggewebe, oder einer Kombination aus den genannten Materialien. The fabric laminate preferably consists of art and / or natural fibers, glass fibers, aramid fibers, polyethylene fibers, polypropylene fibers, mixed fibers, carbon fibers, PMI fibers (polymethacrylimide), glass filament fabrics, carbon fabrics, fiberglass fabrics, hemp fiber fabrics, dyneema fibers, bamboo fabrics, texalium fibers, parabeam ( Spacer fabric), cotton fibers, kevlar fibers, basalt fabric, fiberglass layer / fabric, glass roving fabric, or a combination of the named materials.
Dabei beträgt in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform das Gewebeflächengewicht bei Glasfasern 80 g/m2 bis 480 g/m2 und bei Aramid 60 g/m2 bis 400 g/m2. Wenn besonders hohe Belastungen zu erwarten sind, kann das Gewebeflächengewicht bei Glasfasern oder Aramid bis zu 1000 g/m2 betragen. In this case, in a preferred embodiment, the tissue surface weight in the case of glass fibers is 80 g / m 2 to 480 g / m 2 and, in the case of aramid, 60 g / m 2 to 400 g / m 2 . If particularly high loads are to be expected, the fabric surface weight in the case of glass fibers or aramid can be up to 1000 g / m 2 .
Vorzugsweise weist das Gewebelaminat mindestens eine Webart aus der Gruppe Leinen, Köper 1/3, Köper 2/2 unidirektional , Glasstapelfasergewebe, Glasrovinggewe- be, Kohlegelege, Biaxialgelege, auf.  The fabric laminate preferably has at least one weave from the group consisting of linen, twill 1/3, twill 2/2 unidirectionally, glass staple fiber fabric, glass roving fabric, carbon scrim, biaxial scrim.
Es können bekannte Schaumstoffe verwendet werden, die je nach Herstellung offenporig bis geschlossenporig sein können, jedoch vorzugsweise Schaumstoff aus Polyurethan oder Polystyrol, die einfach und kostengünstig zu verarbeiten sind. Ferner kann auch PVC, Core-Cell SAN, XPS-Schaum (XPS = extrudiertes Polystyrol) , PMI- Schaum (PMI = Polymethacrylimid) , PMA-Schaum (PMA = Polymethacrylamid) , EPS-Schaum (EPS = expandierbares Polystyrol) , SAN (Styrol-Acryl -Nitrid) , Polymerschaum SP 110, Phenolschäum verwendet werden. Darüber hinaus können verwendet werden Acryl, EPS-, PU-, PVC-, PET-, PP-Schäume (PU = Polyurethan, PET = Polyethylente- rephthalat, PVC = Polyvinylchlorid) , TDI (Toluoliiso- cyanat) , MDI (4 , 4 ' -Methylendiphenylisocyanat) , Balsa- holz, Mais, Honeycomp, PE (Polyethylen) , PEI (Polyethe- rimid) .  It is possible to use known foams which, depending on the preparation, may be open-pore to closed-pore, but are preferably polyurethane or polystyrene foams which are easy and cost-effective to process. PVC, Core-Cell SAN, XPS foam (XPS = extruded polystyrene), PMI foam (PMI = polymethacrylimide), PMA foam (PMA = polymethacrylamide), EPS foam (EPS = expandable polystyrene), SAN ( Styrene-acrylonitrile), polymer foam SP 110, phenolic foam. In addition, acrylic, EPS, PU, PVC, PET, PP foams (PU = polyurethane, PET = polyethylene terephthalate, PVC = polyvinyl chloride), TDI (toluene isocyanate), MDI (4, 4 'Methylene diphenyl isocyanate), balsam wood, corn, honeycomp, PE (polyethylene), PEI (polyetherimide).
Vorzugsweise werden als Bettungsmasse ein Naturharz und/oder ein Kunstharz, ein ungesättigtes Polyesterharz (UP) , Epoxidharz (EP) , Vinylesterharz (VE) oder Polyurethanharz (PU) verwendet. Mit diesen Materialien lassen sich zusammen mit den oben genannten Gewebelaminaten problemlos Schaumstoffe wie Polyurethan oder Polystyrol beschichten bzw. ummanteln. In einer besonderen Ausführungsform ist dabei die Bettungsmasse mit Füllstoffen versetzt. Hierbei kann es sich um Glashohlkugeln, Talkum, Holzmehl, Glasfaserschnipsel, Fiberglasschnipsel, Baumwollflocken, Microballons, Alupulver, gemahlene Kohlefasern, Kreide, Quarzmehl, gemahlene Hanffasern, Kieselsäuren oder Farbstoffe oder Nanopartikel, insbesondere und beispielsweise aus Carbon (beispielsweise Baytubes, Bayer) oder aus Titan (beispielsweise von Ocean IT) oder eine Kombination hiervon handeln. Mit diesen Füllstoffen kann die Haftung und Verarbeitbarkeit der Bettungsmasse positiv beeinflußt werden sowie eine Anpassung der mechanischen Eigenschaften an die des Kerns bzw. der Kernschicht aus Schaumstoff erreicht werden, um so ein Lösen der Laminatbeschichtung bzw. -ummantelung vom Kern bzw. der Kernschicht zu vermeiden. Preferably, a natural resin and / or a synthetic resin, an unsaturated polyester resin (UP), epoxy resin (EP), vinyl ester resin (VE) or polyurethane resin (PU) are used as a bedding compound. With these materials, foams such as polyurethane or polystyrene can be easily coated or encased together with the above-mentioned fabric laminates. In a particular embodiment, the bedding compound is mixed with fillers. These may be hollow glass spheres, talc, wood flour, glass fiber chips, fiberglass chips, cotton flakes, microballoons, aluminum powder, ground carbon fibers, chalk, quartz powder, ground hemp fibers, silicas or dyes or nanoparticles, in particular and for example made of carbon (for example Baytubes, Bayer) or aus Titan (for example from Ocean IT) or a combination thereof. With these fillers, the adhesion and processability of the ballast compound can be positively influenced as well as an adaptation of the mechanical properties of the core or the core layer of foam can be achieved, so as to avoid detachment of the laminate coating or the core layer or the core layer ,
Weiterhin ist es vorteilhaft, wenn der Kern zumindest ein kanalartiges Element, beispielsweise und insbesondere in Form eines Kanals oder eines Schlauches, beispielsweise und insbesondere aus Polyethylen oder PVC, aufweist, das zumindest teilweise durch den Kern verläuft, um auf diese Art und Weise einen bei entsprechender Druckapplikation schnelleren Druckausgleich im Kern selbst zu ermöglichen.  Furthermore, it is advantageous if the core has at least one channel-like element, for example and in particular in the form of a channel or a hose, for example and in particular of polyethylene or PVC, which extends at least partially through the core, in order in this way appropriate pressure application to allow faster pressure equalization in the core itself.
Darüber hinaus ist es vorteilhaft, wenn der Kern zumindest teilweise zumindest ein bienenwabenartiges Strukturelement aufweist, um eine Erhöhung der mechanischen Stabilität des Kerns bei relativ geringer Gewichtszunahme bereitzustellen.  Moreover, it is advantageous if the core at least partially has at least one honeycomb-like structural element in order to provide an increase in the mechanical stability of the core with relatively little weight increase.
Darüber hinaus ist es von Vorteil, wenn der Kern zumindest teilweise eine Kombination von Schäumen, beispielsweise von Polyurethanschäumen aufweist, um auf diese Art und Weise eine maßgeschneiderte Anpassung an die jeweiligen Applikationsgebiete zu ermöglichen. Ferner ist es von Vorteil, wenn der Kern zumindest teilweise Fasermatten, mit Fiberglas durchnähte Platten oder faserverstärkte Schäume aufweist, da sich diese in der Praxis als ausgesprochen zuverlässig herausgestellt haben . Moreover, it is advantageous if the core at least partially has a combination of foams, for example of polyurethane foams, in order to allow a tailor-made adaptation to the respective application areas in this way. Further, it is advantageous if the core at least partially fiber mats, fiberglass-perforated plates or fiber-reinforced foams, as these have proven to be extremely reliable in practice.
Weiterhin ist es vorteilhaft, wenn der Überdruck realisiert wird mittels mindestens eines Mitglieds aus der Gruppe Luft, Stickstoff, Edelgas und Fluid, insbesondere Wasser und Öle, da sich diese Mitglieder in der Praxis bewährt haben.  Furthermore, it is advantageous if the overpressure is realized by means of at least one member from the group air, nitrogen, inert gas and fluid, in particular water and oils, as these members have proven in practice.
Darüber hinaus ist es von Vorteil, wenn die Lami- natbeschichtung ein Öffnungselement, beispielsweise und insbesondere in Form einer Ablaßschraube oder eines Drehventils aufweist, um auf diese Art und Weise gegebenenfalls unerwünscht eingedrungene Flüssigkeiten, insbesondere Wasser, relativ elegant wieder durch Auslaufen aus dem Composite-Körper zu entlassen.  Moreover, it is of advantage if the laminate coating has an opening element, for example, and in particular in the form of a drain plug or a rotary valve, in order in this way to possibly undesirably penetrate liquids, in particular water, again by leaving the composite Body dismiss.
Darüber hinaus ist es vorteilhaft, wenn der erfindungsgemäße Composite-Körper ein Druckmeßelement aufweist, um bei entsprechender Druckapplikation die  Moreover, it is advantageous if the composite body according to the invention has a pressure measuring element in order to print the appropriate
Druckverhältnisse zuverlässig und sicher verfolgen zu können, um eine Überdruckapplikation bei eventuell auftretendem Materialversagen zu verhindern. To be able to track pressure conditions reliably and safely in order to prevent overpressure application in the event of material failure.
Schließlich ist es von Vorteil, wenn das Mittel zum Einstellen eines Unter- oder Überdrucks ein Deckel - element aufweist und/oder im Composite-Körper eingelassen ist, um dieses mechanisch zu schützen.  Finally, it is advantageous if the means for adjusting an underpressure or overpressure has a cover element and / or is embedded in the composite body in order to protect it mechanically.
Generell läßt sich erfindungsgemäß feststellen, daß eine ausgesprochen intensive und starke Verbindung zwischen den einzelnen Schichten der Laminatbeschich- tung und/oder zwischen Materialkern und Laminat- beschichtung und/oder zwischen Kernschicht und mindestens einer weiteren Schicht der Laminatbeschichtung dazu führt, daß diese zumindest bis zu einem Maximal- druck von ca. 5 bar druckfest ist, so daß bei einer Applikation eines Überdruckes aber auch eines Unterdruckes kein Materialversagen auftritt und darüber hinaus bei Applikation eines Überdruckes der erfindungsgemäße Composite-Körper steifer wird. In diesem Kontext ist es sehr vorteilhaft, wenn die Laminatbeschichtung gasdicht ist, um störende Druckverluste durch Leckagen zu vermeiden. In general, according to the invention, it can be established that a markedly intensive and strong bond between the individual layers of the laminate coating and / or between the material core and laminate coating and / or between the core layer and at least one further layer of the laminate coating results in these being at least up to a maximum Pressure of about 5 bar is pressure-resistant, so that when an application of an overpressure but also a negative pressure no material failure occurs and, moreover, when applying an overpressure of the composite body according to the invention becomes stiffer. In this context, it is very advantageous if the laminate coating is gas-tight in order to avoid disturbing pressure losses due to leaks.
Darüber hinaus wird mit der Druckapplikation auch die Steifigkeit einer solchen Konstruktion erhöht bzw. abgesenkt bei Unterdruck, was im Falle von Surfboards dazu führt, daß bei entsprechender Applikation eine für die jeweiligen Wellenverhältnisse optimal angepaßte Steifigkeit des Surfboards eingestellt werden kann. Somit ist die Flexibilität anpaßbar, wobei darüber hinaus Flüssigkeitsaufnahmen, insbesondere von Wasser, durch Etablieren eines Überdruckes vermieden wird bzw. bereits sich im erfindungsgemäßen Composite-Körper befindliches Wasser oder andere Flüssigkeiten entsprechend über ein eventuelles Ablaßventil sogar herausgedrückt werden.  In addition, the rigidity of such a construction is increased or lowered under reduced pressure with the pressure application, which in the case of surfboards leads to the fact that, with appropriate application, a stiffness of the surfboard optimally adapted to the respective wave conditions can be set. Thus, the flexibility is adaptable, wherein moreover liquid intakes, especially of water, by establishing an overpressure is avoided or already in the composite body according to the invention befindliches water or other liquids are pushed out accordingly via a possible drain valve.
Die Materialeigenschaften insbesondere die Flexibilität des Composite-Körpers läßt sich insbesondere dann gut einstellen, wenn vorteilhafterweise das Verhältnis der Laminatbeschichtungsdicken von sich gegenüberliegenden Seiten im Bereich 1:1 bis 1:3 beträgt. Die notwendige innige Verbindung der einzelnen Laminat- schichten in der Laminatbeschichtung selbst wird beispielsweise und insbesondere dadurch bewerkstelligt, daß die Laminatbeschichtung wenigstens ein Gewebelaminat und eine Bettungsmasse aufweist, mit einer Zwischenschicht zwischen dem Kern und der Laminatbeschichtung und/oder mit einer Zwischenschicht zwischen einer Kernschicht der Laminatbeschichtung und wenigstens ei- nen Teil der Laminatbeschichtung, wobei die Zwischenschicht eine mit Vertiefungen versehene Schicht aus Schaum aufweist. Auf die zu diesem Punkt in dieser Beschreibung gemachten Ausführungen wird verwiesen. Im Falle des Unterdruckes wirkt sich dieser positiv auf das mögliche Delaminationsverhalten der Laminatbeschichtung aus, da die Laminatbeschichtung auf dem Kern bzw. der Kernschicht gehalten wird und nicht dela- minierend abgleiten kann. Der erfindungsgemäße Composi- te-Körper kann somit in seinen Eigenschaften entsprechend angepaßt werden insbesondere bezüglich seiner Steifigkeit und Beulfestigket (wie oben erläutert) , wobei darüber hinaus eine deutliche Steigerung der Sicherheit eines Composite-Körpers erreicht wird, da bei einem ungewollten Druckausgleich oder Verlust der Com- posite-Körper über genügend Reststabilität zur Vermeidung eines Komplettversagens verfügt . Besteht der Kern überwiegend aus offenporigen Schäumen, kann insbesondere eine Wasseraufnahme durch einen bestehenden Überdruck vollständig und zuverlässig verhindert werden. Aufwendige und kostenintensive Reparaturen durch eingedrungenes Wasser und Probleme durch Osmose können beispielsweise im Yachtbau zuverlässig verhindert werden. The material properties, in particular the flexibility of the composite body, can be adjusted particularly well if, advantageously, the ratio of the laminate coating thicknesses of opposing sides is in the range from 1: 1 to 1: 3. The necessary intimate bonding of the individual laminate layers in the laminate coating itself is achieved, for example, and in particular by the laminate coating having at least one fabric laminate and a bedding compound, with an intermediate layer between the core and the laminate coating and / or with an intermediate layer between a core layer Laminate coating and at least one NEN part of the laminate coating, wherein the intermediate layer has a recessed layer of foam. Reference is made to the statements made to this point in this specification. In the case of the negative pressure, this has a positive effect on the possible delamination behavior of the laminate coating, since the laminate coating is held on the core or the core layer and can not slide delaminatingly. The composite body according to the invention can thus be adapted in terms of its properties, in particular with regard to its rigidity and Beulfestigket (as explained above), moreover, a significant increase in the safety of a composite body is achieved because at an unwanted pressure equalization or loss of Composite body has sufficient residual stability to avoid complete failure. If the core consists predominantly of open-celled foams, in particular a water absorption by an existing overpressure can be completely and reliably prevented. Elaborate and costly repairs due to penetrated water and problems caused by osmosis can be reliably prevented, for example, in yacht building.
Bei Ausgestaltung insbesondere mit einem Kern, der aus einem Schaumstoff oder mehreren Schaumstoffen besteht, können zu gestaltende Formen relativ frei mittels Fräsen oder per Hand gestaltet werden, indem diese beispielsweise aus Schaumblöcken herausgearbeitet werden. Durch die Verhinderung einer Delamination oder eines sog. Schubversagens, d. h. bei Druckapplikation das Auftreten nicht nur von Beulen, sondern tatsächlich das "Einbrechen" der unterschiedlichen Materiallaminatschichten nach unten in Richtung Kern, wird durch eine entsprechende Applikation eines Überdrucks im Kern er- reicht und somit eine wesentlich höhere Stabilität bei sehr hoher Gewichtseinsparung im Verhältnis zu konventionellen Methoden, bei denen entsprechende feste Formelemente am oder in den Kern eingearbeitet werden, beispielsweise bei Surfboards die sog. in der Regel aus Holz bestehenden Stringer, wobei die oben genannte Vermeidung von äußeren Oberflächenbeulen somit zur Erhöhung der sog. "Beulsteifigkeit" führt, die nicht mehr durch Erhöhung der Laminatbeschichtungsdicke oder durch erhöhte Dichte eines Schaumkerns erzwungen werden muß, sondern dies durch die Druckapplikation im Kern bereitgestellt wird, was dann zu erheblichen Gewichtsersparnissen führt. Somit sind die erfindungsgemäßen Composi- te-Körper formstabil und von ihren Ausmaßen her reproduzierbar genau, wobei darüber hinaus ihre Charakteristik steuerbar ist durch Druckveränderung, die sich unmittelbar auf die Charakteristik des Composite-Kör- pers auswirkt. Beispielsweise kann so ein Flugzeugflügel oder ein Flügel einer Windkraftanlage an die jeweilig herrschenden Bedingungen oder Einsatzbereiche angepaßt werden, wobei je höher der Druck ist, je steifer die Konstruktion als solche sich darstellt. Darüber hinaus erhält man eine hohe Sicherheit bei Beschädigungen, da bei solchen sofort festgestellt werden kann, daß eine solche vorliegt, da sie zu einer Veränderung des Innendruckes führen würden, die einfach meßbar ist. Ein weiterer Vorteil ist, daß das Ausgasen durch die komplexe Strukur der in der Regel eingesetzten Schäume stark verlangsamt stattfindet, so daß bei einem 2 m langen Surfboard mit einem Loch von 10 cm Durchmesser noch nach ca. 1 Stunde ein meßbarer Innendruck vorhanden war. In the embodiment, in particular with a core consisting of one or more foams, molds to be shaped can be designed relatively freely by means of milling or by hand, for example by making them out of foam blocks. By preventing delamination or so-called shear failure, ie the occurrence not only of bumps in the case of pressure application, but actually the "collapse" of the different layers of material laminate downwards in the direction of the core, this is achieved by a corresponding application of an overpressure in the core. ranges and thus a much higher stability with very high weight savings in relation to conventional methods in which corresponding solid form elements are incorporated on or in the core, for example in surfboards the so-called. Usually made of wood stringer, the above-mentioned avoiding outer bumps thus leading to increase the so-called "Beulsteifigkeit", which need not be enforced by increasing the laminate coating thickness or increased density of a foam core, but this is provided by the pressure application in the core, which then leads to significant weight savings. Thus, the composite bodies according to the invention are dimensionally stable and reproducibly accurate in terms of their dimensions, and moreover their characteristic can be controlled by pressure change, which has a direct effect on the characteristics of the composite body. For example, such an aircraft wing or a wing of a wind turbine can be adapted to the respective prevailing conditions or areas of use, the higher the pressure, the stiffer the construction as such is. In addition, one obtains a high level of security in the case of damage, since it can be immediately established that such is present, since they would lead to a change in the internal pressure, which is easily measurable. Another advantage is that the outgassing takes place greatly slowed down by the complex structure of the foams used as a rule, so that in a 2 m long surfboard with a hole of 10 cm diameter still after about 1 hour, a measurable internal pressure was present.
Mögliche Anwendungen sind beispielsweise und insbesondere Surfboards, Tragflächen, Windkraftanlagen, Yachtbau, Automotive-Bereich sowie Architektur. Possible applications are, for example, and in particular surfboards, wings, wind turbines, Yacht building, automotive area as well as architecture.
Surfboards : Die Charakteristik eines Surfboards kann individuell angepaßt werden, wobei bei einer geringen Druckapplikation dies zu einer Zunahme der Flexibilität führt. Bei großen Wellen kann das Board durch Erhöhen des Innendrucks versteift werden. Gleichzeitig erhöht der Innendruck die Stabilität des Boards deutlich. Je größer die Wellen, desto größer der Innendruck, desto stabiler das Board. Durch Überdruck wird bei Beschädigung kein Wasser aufgenommen.  Surfboards: The characteristics of a surfboard can be customized, with a low pressure application resulting in an increase in flexibility. For large waves, the board can be stiffened by increasing the internal pressure. At the same time, the internal pressure significantly increases the stability of the board. The bigger the waves, the bigger the internal pressure, the more stable the board. Overpressure will not absorb water if damaged.
Tragflächen: Die Flexibilität und Charakteristik kann optimal an Geschwindigkeit und Flugverhalten angepaßt werden. Die Stabilität erhöht sich bei gleichzeitiger Gewichtseinsparung. Gute Kontrollmöglichkeiten bei Beschädigungen durch Abfallen oder Ansteigen des Innendrucks sind evident. Denkbar ist ein breiter Einsatzbereich insbesondere bei Ultraleicht- und Sport- flugzeugen.  Wing: The flexibility and characteristics can be optimally adapted to speed and flight behavior. The stability increases while saving weight. Good control possibilities for damages due to falling or rising of the internal pressure are evident. A broad field of application is conceivable, in particular for ultralight and sports aircraft.
Windkraftanlagen: Bei Windkraftanlagen ist eine Steigerung des Wirkungsgrades durch Anpassung der Flügelcharakteristik an die jeweiligen Windbedingungen möglich durch Anpassen der Stabilität der Flügel und eine in der Regel starke Gewichtseinsparung im Verhältnis zu konventionell verstärkten Flügeln.  Wind turbines: In wind turbines, an increase in efficiency by adapting the wing characteristics to the prevailing wind conditions is possible by adjusting the stability of the wings and a usually strong weight saving in relation to conventionally reinforced wings.
Yachtbau: Auch auf diesem Gebiet kann dann auf teure Spezialschäume zur Erhöhung der Beulfestigkeit verzichtet werden, wobei Beschädigungen sofort durch Druckabfall auffallen. Bei Beschädigung kann aufgrund des vorhandenen Überdruckes kein Wasser aufgenommen werden, so daß teure Reparaturen vermieden werden können. Bei Beschädigungen kann über einen Kompressor Luft nachgeführt werden bis eine Reparatur des Schadens möglich wird. Eine Veränderung der RumpfCharakteristik durch Variierung des Innendrucks ist denkbar. Automotive: Der Einsatz von Spoilern insbesondere im Motorsport kann durch Anpassung derer Steifigkeit der Geschwindigkeit des Fahrzeugs angepaßt werden. Yacht construction: Also in this area can be dispensed expensive special foams to increase the buckling strength, with damage immediately noticed by pressure drop. If damaged, no water can be absorbed due to the existing overpressure, so that expensive repairs can be avoided. In the event of damage, air can be supplied via a compressor until repair of the damage becomes possible. A change in the hull characteristic by varying the internal pressure is conceivable. Automotive: The use of spoilers, especially in motorsport, can be adapted by adapting their stiffness to the speed of the vehicle.
Architektur: Freitragende Leichtbaukonstruktionen, insbesondere im Dachbereich, aber auch im Wandbereich, sind denkbar.  Architecture: Unsupported lightweight constructions, especially in the roof area, but also in the wall area, are conceivable.
Der erfindungsgemäße Composite-Körper läßt sich herstellen durch folgende Schritte, dargestellt anhand eines Surfboards :  The composite body according to the invention can be produced by the following steps, illustrated by means of a surfboard:
1. einen Kern aus Schaum in eine gewünschte Form bringen,  1. bring a foam core into a desired shape,
2. den Kern mittels Laminieren wenigstens teilweise beschichten,  2. at least partially coat the core by means of lamination,
wobei vor dem zweiten Schritt wenigstens ein Teil der zu beschichtenden Oberfläche des Kerns mit Vertiefungen oder Erhöhungen versehen wird. Dabei beruht das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren auf der überraschenden Erkenntnis, daß sich eine Verbesserung der Verbindung zwischen dem Kern und einer Laminatbeschichtung erreichen läßt, wenn nach dem Schritt 2 eine Zwischenschicht zwischen dem Kern und einer Laminatbeschichtung vorhanden ist, wobei die Zwischenschicht eine mit Vertiefungen versehene Schicht aus Schaumstoff aufweist. wherein before the second step at least a part of the surface to be coated of the core is provided with depressions or elevations. The inventive method is based on the surprising finding that an improvement in the connection between the core and a laminate coating can be achieved if after step 2 an intermediate layer between the core and a laminate coating is present, wherein the intermediate layer of a recessed layer of Having foam.
Vorzugsweise bestehen die Vertiefungen aus Rillen und/oder Senklöchern, so daß entlang der linienförmigen Rillen und in die an der Oberfläche angeordneten Senklöcher die Bettungsmasse eindringen kann und eine Verbesserung der Verbindung zwischen dem Kern bzw. der Kernschicht und der Laminatbeschichtung bewirkt .  Preferably, the recesses consist of grooves and / or countersunk holes, so that along the line-shaped grooves and in the arranged on the surface sink holes, the bedding compound can penetrate and causes an improvement in the connection between the core or the core layer and the laminate coating.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, daß vor dem zweiten Schritt wenigstens in einen Teil der Vertiefungen Gewebepartikel eingebracht werden. Bei den Gewebepartikeln kann es sich um Abschnitte passender Größe des Gewebelaminats handeln oder um Ab- schnitte des Gewebelaminats, das flächig auf den Kern bzw. die Kernschicht aufgebracht wurde und an ausgewählten Punkten in den Kern eingedrückt wurde (ge- stitcht) . So kann eine Erhöhung des Faservolumens in der Zwischenschicht erreicht werden, die zu einer Erhöhung der mechanischen Belastbarkeit führt. In a preferred embodiment it is provided that tissue particles are introduced into at least part of the wells before the second step. The tissue particles can be sections of suitable size of the tissue laminate or sections of the fabric laminate which has been applied flatly to the core or the core layer and was pressed into the core at selected points (engraved). Thus, an increase in the fiber volume in the intermediate layer can be achieved, which leads to an increase in mechanical strength.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, daß die Vertiefungen vor dem Einbringen der Gewebepartikel mit einer Bettungsmasse wenigstens teilweise aufgefüllt werden. So kann ein besonders starker Faserverbundwerkstoff, insbesondere für ein Sportgerät zum Wellenreiten oder ein Flugzeug-Composite-Körper, erhalten werden.  In a further embodiment, it is provided that the depressions are filled at least partially with a bedding compound before the introduction of the tissue particles. Thus, a particularly strong fiber composite material, in particular for a sports equipment for surfing or an aircraft composite body, can be obtained.
Die Vertiefungen können durch Fräsen, beispielsweise mit einer CNC-Maschine, Bohren, Stanzen, Schneiden, Verdichten oder andere Verfahren hergestellt werden. Beispielsweise können eine Vielzahl, beispielsweise 1 bis 20, in Längsrichtung des Kerns bzw. der Kernschicht verlaufende Rillen durch Fräsen in den Kern bzw. die Kernschicht eingebracht werden. Dabei sind die eingebrachten Rillen derart dimensioniert, daß das Gewebelaminat wenigstens abschnittsweise in die Rillen eingedrückt werden kann, beispielsweise mit einem geeigneten Werkzeug, bevor die Laminatbeschichtung durch Aufbringen einer Bettungsmasse vervollständigt wird. Vor dem Eindrücken können die Rillen mit Bettungsmasse aufgefüllt werden. Alternativ kann das Auffüllen der Rillen auch später erfolgen. Mit dem Eindrücken von Gewebepartikeln kann ein Faseranteil von bis zu 80 % erreicht werden, was die Festigkeit und Stabilität erhöht. Ferner ist vorgesehen, daß die Rillen und/oder Senklöcher durch Eindrücken der Oberfläche des Kerns bzw. der Kernschicht hergestellt werden. Somit sind keine materialabhebenden Fertigungsverfahren nötig, die durch ihre Staubentwicklung gesundheitsbelastend sind.The recesses can be made by milling, for example with a CNC machine, drilling, punching, cutting, compacting or other methods. For example, a plurality, for example 1 to 20, grooves running in the longitudinal direction of the core or the core layer can be introduced into the core or the core layer by milling. In this case, the introduced grooves are dimensioned such that the fabric laminate can be at least partially pressed into the grooves, for example with a suitable tool, before the laminate coating is completed by applying a ballast compound. Before pressing in, the grooves can be filled with bedding compound. Alternatively, the filling of the grooves can also be done later. With the penetration of tissue particles, a fiber content of up to 80% can be achieved, which increases the strength and stability. It is further provided that the grooves and / or sink holes are made by pressing the surface of the core or the core layer. Thus, no material-removing manufacturing processes are needed are harmful to health due to their dust development.
Vorzugsweise ist vorgesehen, daß in einem ersten Schritt die Rillen hergestellt werden und in einem zweiten Schritt Senklöcher in die Oberfläche des Kenrs bzw. der Kernschicht eingebracht werden. Dabei werden die Rillen vorzugsweise mittels einer Fräse erzeugt, während die Senklöcher auch mittels einer Nadelrolle erzeugt werden. Somit behindern die tiefer und größer ausgebildeten Senklöcher nicht das Einbringen von Rillen auf die Oberfläche des Kerns bzw. der Kernschicht mittels eines Kammes. Preferably, it is provided that in a first step, the grooves are produced and in a second step sink holes are introduced into the surface of Kenrs or the core layer. The grooves are preferably produced by means of a milling cutter, while the sinkholes are also produced by means of a needle roller. Thus, the deeper and larger countersunk holes do not hinder the introduction of grooves on the surface of the core or the core layer by means of a comb.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, daß nach dem Einbringen von Vertiefungen in die Oberfläche des Kerns bzw. Kernschicht (im nachfolgenden als Grundkörper bezeichnet) der der Grundkörper mit der Bettungsmasse beschichtet wird. Durch diesen Beschich- tungsvorgang kann die Bettungmasse in die vorher in die Oberfläche des Grundkörpers eingebrachten Rillen und/oder Senklöcher eindringen und zugleich die Verbindung mit dem aufzubringenden Gewebelaminat verbessern.  In a preferred embodiment, it is provided that after the introduction of recesses into the surface of the core or core layer (referred to below as the main body) of the base body is coated with the ballast compound. By means of this coating process, the bedding compound can penetrate into the grooves and / or countersunk holes previously introduced into the surface of the basic body and at the same time improve the connection with the fabric laminate to be applied.
Es können unterschiedliche Bettungsmassen zum Beschichten und zum Laminieren verwendet werden. Jedoch ist vorzugsweise vorgesehen, daß die gleiche Bettungsmasse verwendet wird, so daß die Verbindung zwischen der in die Rillen und/oder Senklöcher eingebrachten Bettungsmasse und der zum Laminieren verwendeten Bettungsmasse optimiert ist.  Different bedding compounds can be used for coating and laminating. However, it is preferably provided that the same bedding mass is used, so that the connection between the bedding mass introduced into the grooves and / or sinkholes and the bedding mass used for laminating is optimized.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform erfolgt das Laminieren von Hand, unter Verwendung einer Vakuumpresse, des Autoklav-Verfahrens, des Roving-Wickelverfah- rens oder mittels des Injektionsverfahrens.  In a preferred embodiment, the lamination is done by hand, using a vacuum press, the autoclave method, the roving winding method or by the injection method.
Beim Handlaminieren wird das Gewebelaminat auf den abgespachtelten Grundkörper gelegt. Danach wird Bettungsmasse auf das Gewebelaminat gegossen und in das auf dem Grundkörper liegende Gewebelaminat einmassiert. Als Werkzeuge hierfür dienen vor allem Pinsel und Rillenroller/Velourwalzen. Anschließend wird ein Abreißgewebe aufgelegt. Das aus beispielsweise Nylonfasern bestehende Abreißgewebe läßt sich nach dem Aushärten der Bettungsmasse abschälen bzw. abreißen und erzeugt so eine definiert rauhe, saubere und klebfreie Oberfläche, die weiter bearbeitet werden kann. Die Aushärtung der Laminate erfolgt drucklos bei Raumtemperatur. Es gibt warm und kalt aushärtende Bettungsmassen, die bei Temperaturen von 10 bis 230° C aushärten. Anschließend kann eine weitere Bearbeitung erfolgen. When hand lamination, the fabric laminate is placed on the filled-up base body. Then bedding compound is poured onto the fabric laminate and into the Massaged tissue laminate on the base body. The main tools used for this purpose are brushes and grooved rollers / velor rollers. Subsequently, a tear-off fabric is placed. The tear-off fabric consisting, for example, of nylon fibers can be peeled or torn off after curing of the bedding compound and thus produces a defined rough, clean and tack-free surface which can be further processed. The curing of the laminates takes place without pressure at room temperature. There are warm and cold curing bedding compounds that cure at temperatures of 10 to 230 ° C. Subsequently, a further processing can take place.
Beim Vakuumpressen wird der zuvor handlaminierte Grundkörper in einen evakuierbaren Foliensack geschoben. Nach dem Absaugen der Luft preßt sich die Folie auf das Laminat und drückt es auf die Form. Der maximale Druck ist durch den Umgebungsluftdruck gegeben und beträgt ca. max. 1 Bar. Mit dem Vakuumpressen kann der Faseranteil des Laminats erhöht werden bzw. überschüssige Bettungsmasse herausgedrückt werden. Außerdem können leichte Stützstoffe wie Schaumkunststoffe oder Waben mit hochfesten Deckschichten aus Harz oder Gewebe verklebt werden und so ein extrem leichtes und starkes Bauteil bilden. Erforderlich ist ein gleichmäßiger Anpreßdruck. Dazu wird das Laminat zunächst mit einem Abreißgewebe und einer nicht haftenden Lochfolie abgedeckt. Darauf wird ein luftdurchlässiges Saugvlies gelegt, das die Aufgabe hat, das Vakuum gleichmäßig zu verteilen und überschüssige Bettungsmasse aus dem Laminat aufzusaugen. Die anschließende Aushärtung kann bei Raumtemperatur erfolgen, jedoch ist auch eine Temperung möglich.  In vacuum pressing the previously hand-laminated base body is pushed into an evacuated foil bag. After sucking off the air, the film presses on the laminate and presses it onto the mold. The maximum pressure is given by the ambient air pressure and is approx. Max. 1 bar. Using vacuum presses, the fiber content of the laminate can be increased or excess ballast mass can be squeezed out. In addition, light support materials such as foamed plastics or honeycombs can be bonded to high-strength cover layers made of resin or fabric, thus forming an extremely lightweight and strong component. Required is a uniform contact pressure. For this, the laminate is first covered with a tear-off fabric and a non-adhesive perforated foil. An air-permeable absorbent fleece is placed on it, which has the task of distributing the vacuum evenly and absorbing excess bedding compound from the laminate. The subsequent curing can be carried out at room temperature, but also a heat treatment is possible.
Bei dem Autoklav-Verfahren wird auch ein Abreißgewebe, eine Lochfolie, ein Saugvlies und eine Vakuumfo- lie verwendet. Anschließend wird ein Vakuum erzeugt. Das Aushärten der Bettungsmasse kann unter einem Druck von 6 Bar und Temperaturen von 170° C oder bei Raumtemperatur erfolgen. In the autoclave process, a tear-off fabric, a perforated film, a non-woven fabric and a vacuum film are also used. used. Subsequently, a vacuum is generated. The curing of the bedding compound can be carried out under a pressure of 6 bar and temperatures of 170 ° C or at room temperature.
Ein weiteres Verfahren ist das Injektionsverfahren, bei dem trockenes Gewebelaminat auf den Grundkörper aufgelegt wird. Das Durchtränken des Gewebelaminats mit der Bettungsmasse erfolgt erst, nachdem ein Vakuum erzeugt wurde .  Another method is the injection method in which dry tissue laminate is placed on the base body. The impregnation of the fabric laminate with the ballast compound takes place only after a vacuum has been generated.
Eine weitere vorteilhafte Vorrichtung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß diese eine wenigstens abschnittsweise Rauhheitselemente aufweisende Oberfläche aufweist. Durch eine derartige Strukturierung der Oberfläche kann der Wasserwiderstand erheblich reduziert werden, so daß deutlich höhere Geschwindigkeiten erreicht werden können.  A further advantageous device is characterized in that it has a surface having at least partially roughness elements. By such a structuring of the surface of the water resistance can be significantly reduced, so that significantly higher speeds can be achieved.
Ein weiterer Vorteil ist, daß aufgrund der rauhen Oberfläche es nicht mehr nötig ist, zumindest die Oberseite eines derartigen Bretts mit Wachs einzureiben, das einen sicheren Stand auf dem Brett gewährleisten soll (und die Griffigkeit des Bretts erhöht) . Somit entfällt das arbeitsintensive Beschichten mit Wachs, wobei nach Gebrauch des Bretts das Wachs entfernt werden muß, was ebenfalls sehr arbeitsintensiv ist. Zusätzlich ist problematisch, daß das Wachs unter Sonneneinstrahlung aufweicht und bei Kontakt kleben bleibt und so zu erheblichen Verschmutzungen, beispielsweise im Innenraum eines Pkws, führt.  Another advantage is that due to the rough surface, it is no longer necessary to wax at least the top of such a board to ensure a secure footing on the board (and increases the grip of the board). Thus, the labor-intensive coating with wax is eliminated, whereby after use of the board, the wax must be removed, which is also very labor-intensive. In addition, it is problematic that the wax softens under sunlight and sticking in contact and thus leads to significant contamination, for example in the interior of a car.
Vorzugsweise ist vorgesehen, daß die Einkerbungen punktsymmetrisch ausgebildet sind und richtungsunabhängig angeordnet sind. Somit wird durch die Oberflächenstruktur nicht nur eine Geschwindigkeitserhöhung in einer Richtung erreicht, sondern es tritt eine Reduzierung des Wasserwiderstandes in alle Richtungen, also auch bei Rückwärts- oder Seitwärtsbewegungen auf. Somit eignet sich die erfindungsgemäße Struktur besonders für Surfboards, Wakeboards oder Kiteboards. Preferably, it is provided that the notches are formed point-symmetrical and are arranged independently of direction. Thus, the surface structure not only increases the speed in one direction, but also reduces the water resistance in all directions, ie even on backward or sideways movements. Thus, the structure of the invention is particularly suitable for surfboards, wakeboards or kite boards.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform beträgt die maximale Rauhtiefe der Einkerbungen bis zu 1000 μm, vorzugsweise zwischen 60 bis 150 μm. Dabei ist die maximale Rauhtiefe definiert als senkrechter Abstand zwischen höchstem und tiefstem Punkt eines (gefilterten) Rauhheitsprofils innerhalb einer Meßstrecke nach DIN 4762.  In a preferred embodiment, the maximum roughness depth of the notches is up to 1000 microns, preferably between 60 to 150 microns. The maximum roughness depth is defined as the vertical distance between the highest and the lowest point of a (filtered) roughness profile within a test section according to DIN 4762.
Vorzugsweise liegt der Mittenrauhwert zwischen 5 und 100 μm, vorzugsweise zwischen 10 und 15 μm. Dabei ist der Mittenrauhwert definiert als das arithmetische Mittel der Profilabweichungen des (gefilterten) Rauh- heitsprofils von der mittleren Linie innerhalb der Meßstrecke nach DIN 4786, DIN 4762 und ISO 4287/1.  Preferably, the average roughness value is between 5 and 100 μm, preferably between 10 and 15 μm. The average roughness value is defined as the arithmetic mean of the profile deviations of the (filtered) roughness profile from the middle line within the test section according to DIN 4786, DIN 4762 and ISO 4287/1.
Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsform ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Oberfläche des laminierten Grundkörpers wenigstens abschnittsweise mit Rauh- heitselementen versehen wird. Dabei weisen die Rauh- heitselemente eine maximale Rauhtiefe bis zu 200 μm, vorzugsweise zwischen 60 bis 150 μm auf, wobei der Mittenrauhwert zwischen 5 und 50 μm, vorzugsweise zwischen 10 und 15 μm liegt, da experimentelle Untersuchungen gezeigt haben, daß bei diesen Werten auf der einen Seite eine deutliche Reduzierung des Wasserwiderstandes erreicht wird und gleichzeitig eine ausreichende Griffigkeit der Oberfläche gegeben ist, die es ermöglicht, auf die Verwendung einer Wachsbeschichtung zu verzichten.  A further advantageous embodiment is characterized in that the surface of the laminated base body is at least partially provided with roughness elements. The roughness elements have a maximum roughness depth of up to 200 .mu.m, preferably between 60 and 150 .mu.m, the average roughness value being between 5 and 50 .mu.m, preferably between 10 and 15 .mu.m, since experimental investigations have shown that these values are On the one hand a significant reduction in water resistance is achieved and at the same time a sufficient grip of the surface is given, which makes it possible to dispense with the use of a wax coating.
Diese Rauhheitselemente können durch Eindrücken oder Einpressen sowie durch spanabhebend Verfahren erzeugt werden. Jedoch ist vorzugsweise vorgesehen, daß während des Laminierens ein Abreißgewebe auf dem Grund- körper aufgebracht wird, das nach Abschluß des Laminie- rens wieder entfernt wird. Die Verwendung eines Abreißgewebes ist beim Laminieren von Hand, unter Verwendung einer Vakuumpresse beim Autoklav-Verfahren und dem Vakuum-Injektionsverfahren bekannt. Dabei wird das Abreißgewebe auf das Laminat aufgelegt, bevor die Bettungsmasse aushärtet . These roughness elements can be produced by impressing or pressing in as well as by machining processes. However, it is preferably provided that, during lamination, a tear-off fabric is applied to the base material. body is removed, which is removed after completion of laminating again. The use of a tear-off fabric is known in lamination by hand, using a vacuum press in the autoclave process and the vacuum injection process. The tear-off fabric is placed on the laminate before the bedding material hardens.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, daß die mit Rauhheitselementen versehene Oberfläche mit einer Masse beschichtet wird. Diese Masse geeigneter dünnflüssiger Konsistenz dringt in die Vertiefungen ein und sammelt sich am Boden der Vertiefungen, so daß die Vertiefungen teilweise aufgefüllt werden und so durch Auffüllen der tiefsten Vertiefungen das Rauh- heitsprofil homogenisiert wird.  In a preferred embodiment it is provided that the surface provided with roughness elements is coated with a mass. This mass of suitable low-viscosity consistency penetrates into the depressions and collects at the bottom of the depressions, so that the depressions are partially filled up and thus the roughness profile is homogenized by filling in the deepest depressions.
Dabei ist vorgesehen, daß die dünnflüssige Masse Polyesterharz, Teflon, Epoxidharz, Acryllack oder Lotuslack enthält.  It is envisaged that the low-viscosity mass polyester resin, Teflon, epoxy resin, acrylic lacquer or lotus lacquer contains.
Vorzugsweise besteht das Abreißgewebe aus Nylonfasern und läßt sich nach dem Aushärten der Bettungsmasse abschälen bzw. abreißen. Das Abreißgewebe kann auch aus anderen Materialien bestehen, die nicht die Bettungsmasse aufsaugen und daher keine Verbindung mit der ausgehärteten Bettungsmasse eingehen. Nach dem Abreißen des Abreißgewebes verbleibt eine rauhe, saubere und klebfreie Oberfläche, die weiter bearbeitet werden kann. Dabei hat sich überraschenderweise gezeigt, daß die Oberflächenstruktur, die nach Entfernen des Abreißgewebes entstanden ist, mit richtungsunabhängigen Rauhheitselementen versehen ist, die zu einer spürbaren Reduzierung des Wasserwiderstands führen.  Preferably, the tear-off fabric consists of nylon fibers and can be peeled or torn off after curing of the ballast compound. The tear-off fabric may also consist of other materials that do not absorb the ballast compound and therefore do not form a bond with the hardened ballast compound. After tearing off the tear-off fabric remains a rough, clean and tack-free surface, which can be further processed. It has surprisingly been found that the surface structure, which has arisen after removal of the tear-off, is provided with direction-independent roughness elements, which lead to a noticeable reduction in water resistance.
Vorzugsweise weist das Abreißgewebe die Webart Leinen oder Körper auf, die eine regelmäßige Struktur aufweisen. In einer besonderen Ausführungsform weist das Abreißgewebe ein Flächengewicht zwischen 50 bis 120 g/m2, vorzugsweise zwischen 90 bis 110 g/m2 auf. Der erfindungsgemäße Composite-Körper kann insbesondere verwendet werden als Wassersportgerät, Sportgerät zum Wellenreiten, Kiteboard, Windsurfboard, Paddleboard, Waterskate, Sportgerät, Snowboard, Ski, Kayak, als Bauteil im Flugzeugbau, Flügelelement, Flügel für Ultraleichtflieger, Höhen und Seitenruder, als Bauteil im Fahrzeugbau, Fahrzeugaufbau, Karosserieteil, Spoiler, Turm, Motorhaube, als Bauteil im Schiffsbau, Rumpfanbau, Schiffsrumpf, als Bauteil in Windkraftanlagen, Windkraftflügel, Windkraft -Rotorblatt , als Unterwasserturbinenflügel, als Bauteil im Gebäudebau, Vordach, Wintergartengerüst . Preferably, the tear-off fabric comprises the weave linen or body having a regular structure. In a particular embodiment, the tear-off fabric has a basis weight of between 50 and 120 g / m 2 , preferably between 90 and 110 g / m 2 . The composite body according to the invention can be used in particular as a water sports device, sports equipment for surfing, kite board, windsurfboard, paddleboard, waterskate, sports equipment, snowboard, ski, kayak, as a component in aircraft, wing element, wings for ultralight aircraft, heights and rudder, as a component in Vehicle construction, vehicle body, body part, spoiler, tower, hood, as a component in shipbuilding, fuselage attachment, hull, as a component in wind turbines, wind turbine blades, wind power rotor blade, underwater turbine wing, as a component in building construction, canopy, winter garden scaffolding.
Yachtbau  Yachtbau
Vorteile Yachtbau  Advantages of yacht building
Gewichtsreduzierung  weight Loss
Höhere Belastbarkeit  Higher load capacity
Kontrolle Anpaßbarkeit  Control adaptability
bessere Isolierung (mehr Luft, weniger Masse) better insulation (more air, less mass)
Vermeidung von Osmose, weil kein Eindringen vonPrevention of osmosis, because no intrusion of
Wasser möglich Water possible
Yachtbau/Schichtenaufbau Yacht builder / layer structure
Gelcoat  gelcoat
1000-5000 g/m2 Gewebe (Fiber, Carbon, Basalt, Kevlar, Hybrid)  1000-5000 g / m2 fabric (Fiber, Carbon, Basalt, Kevlar, Hybrid)
Zwischenschicht  interlayer
30 kg/m3 offenporiger Schaum  30 kg / m3 open-pored foam
Zwischenschicht  interlayer
1000-5000 g/m2 Gewebe (Fiber, Carbon, Basalt, Kevlar, Hybrid) Windkraft 1000-5000 g / m2 fabric (Fiber, Carbon, Basalt, Kevlar, Hybrid) wind power
Vorteile Windkraft  Advantages of wind power
Kontrollmöglichkeit im Schadensfall  Control in case of damage
Anpaßbarkeit der Steifigkeit der Rotorblätter an die Windbedingungen Adaptability of the stiffness of the rotor blades to the wind conditions
Windkraftanlage (3m Blattlänge) Wind turbine (3m blade length)
17 kg/m3 Schurg EPS  17 kg / m3 Schurg EPS
Zwischenschicht  interlayer
320-640 g/m2  320-640 gsm
Gelcoat  gelcoat
Windkraftanlage bis 50 m Blattlänge (Schalenaufbau also nur eine Hälfte) Wind turbine up to 50 m blade length (shell construction only one half)
~ 1000-2000 g/m2 BIAX-Glas ~ 1000-2000 g / m 2 BIAX glass
Zwischenschicht  interlayer
30 kg/m3 offenporiger Schaum - bisher: 30 kg / m3 open-pored foam - so far:
20 mm PVC-Schaum 60 kg/m3 20 mm PVC foam 60 kg / m3
Zwischenschicht  interlayer
- 1000-2000 g/m2 BIAX-Glas - 1000-2000 g / m 2 BIAX glass
Automotive Automotive
Vorteile Automotive  Advantages Automotive
Dellen kommen wieder raus bei kleinen Schäden. Dents come out again with minor damage.
Sehr gute Schalldämmung und Isolation Very good sound insulation and insulation
Leicht  Light
Recycelbar  Recyclable
Kevlar  Kevlar
hohe mechanische Belastbarkeit high mechanical load capacity
hohe Kosteneffizienz high cost efficiency
Aufbau Kühltransporter (Konstruktion der Platten) Construction refrigerated transporter (construction of plates)
Laminat etwa 500 - 1000 g/m2 Laminate about 500 - 1000 g / m 2
Zwischenschicht  interlayer
Schaum Zwischenschicht foam interlayer
Laminat etwa 500 - 1000 g/m2 Laminate about 500 - 1000 g / m 2
Flugzeugbau aircraft
Vorteile Flugzeugbau  Advantages of aircraft construction
Gewichtsersparnis  weight savings
Regulierung des Flexverhaltens der Flügel, dadurch Regulation of the flex behavior of the wings, by
Anpassung an Flugsituation möglich. Adaptation to flight situation possible.
Flugzeugflügel Ultraleicht Segelflugzeug Aircraft Wing Ultralight glider
200 - 400 g/m2 Kohlegewebe (Interglas200 - 400 g / m 2 carbon fiber (Interglas
98... ) 98 ...)
Zwischenschicht  interlayer
5 - 10 mm Styro (bisher PVC 60 kg/m3 oder5 - 10 mm styrofoam (previously PVC 60 kg / m 3 or
Depron) Depron)
Zwischenschicht  interlayer
200-400 g/m2 200-400 g / m 2
Grundsätzlich wird u. a. die Druckfestigkeit des Schaumes ohne Gewichtszunahme erhöht. Basically u. a. increases the compressive strength of the foam without gaining weight.
Beispiel 1:  Example 1:
BASF EPS 10 mit einer Dichte von 10 kg/m3 hat eine Druckstabilität 0,15 kg/cm2.  BASF EPS 10 with a density of 10 kg / m3 has a pressure stability of 0.15 kg / cm2.
Nachdem 0,3 Bar Überdruck in den Schaumkern eingebracht wurden, erhöhte sich die Druckfestigkeit auf 0,45 kg/cm2. Die Druckfestigkeit ist somit vergleichbar mit einem deutlich schwereren Schaum, z. B. BASF EPS 30 (Dichte 30 kg/m3) . Durch weitere Erhöhung des Überdruk- kes kann der Effekt noch verstärkt werden.  After 0.3 bar overpressure was introduced into the foam core, the compressive strength increased to 0.45 kg / cm 2. The compressive strength is thus comparable to a much heavier foam, z. B. BASF EPS 30 (density 30 kg / m3). By further increasing the over-pressure, the effect can be enhanced.
Beispiel 2 :  Example 2:
Schurg 18 kg/m3 Druckfestigkeit 0,6 kg/cm2  Schurg 18 kg / m3 compressive strength 0.6 kg / cm2
Nach Applizierung von 3 Bar Überdruck erhöhte die After application of 3 bar overpressure increased the
Druckfestigkeit auf 3,6 kg/cm2 ohne nennenswerte Ge- wichtszunahme . Compressive strength to 3.6 kg / cm2 without appreciable increase in weight.
Um die gleiche Druckfestigkeit auf herkömmlichem Wege zu erreichen, müßte man z. B. sehr teure PVC- oder Hightech-Schäume verwenden, die eine wesentlich höhere Dichte (80-120 kg/m3) und ein damit verbundenes höheres Gewicht aufweisen.  In order to achieve the same compressive strength by conventional means, one would have z. For example, use very expensive PVC or high-tech foams having a much higher density (80-120 kg / m3) and associated higher weight.
Im folgenden wird die Erfindung unter Bezugnahme auf eine Zeichnung erläutert .  In the following the invention will be explained with reference to a drawing.
Es zeigen: Show it:
Fig. 1 einen schematischen Schnitt durch eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung,  1 shows a schematic section through a device according to the invention,
Fig. 2 eine ausschnittsweise Vergößerung der in  Fig. 2 is a partial enlargement of the in
Fig. 0 gezeigten erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung,  Fig. 0 shown apparatus according to the invention,
Fig. 3 eine Aufsicht auf ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung,  3 is a plan view of a first embodiment of a device according to the invention,
Fig. 4 eine Aufsicht auf ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung, und  Fig. 4 is a plan view of another embodiment of a device according to the invention, and
Fig. 5 einen Querschnitt durch eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung,  5 shows a cross section through a device according to the invention,
Fig. 6-9 Oberflächenprofile eines erfindungsgemäßen Surfbretts.  Fig. 6-9 surface profiles of a surfboard according to the invention.
Es wird auf die Figuren 1 bis 9 Bezug genommen.Reference is made to FIGS. 1 to 9.
Die Vorrichtung umfaßt einen Kern 2 aus Polyurethan oder Polystyrol oder einem anderen Schaumstoff, dessen Oberseite mit einer Laminatbeschichtung 4 aus einem Gewebelaminat und einer Bettungsmasse versehen ist. Zwischen dem Kern 2 und der Laminatbeschichtung 4 ist eine Zwischenschicht 6, die aus einem Oberflächenabschnitt des Kerns 2 besteht, der mit einer Vielzahl von unterschiedlich geformten Vertiefungen versehen wurde, in die Bettungsmasse eingedrungen ist, mit der auch das Gewebelaminat durchtränkt wurde. Am hinteren rechten Ende der Vorrichtung ist ein Mittel M zum Einstellen des Unter- oder Überdrucks, nämlich ein Ventil angeordnet. Dieses kann durch vorsichtiges Bohren durch die Laminatbeschichtung 4 in einer solchen Bohrung klebend fest verankert werden, wobei jedoch auch andere Wege möglich sind, beispielsweise das Eindrehen in ein dafür vorgesehenes Gewinde. Der Kern weist ferner zwei kanalartige Elemente 15 in Form von Schläuchen auf, die einen schnelleren Druckausgleich im Kern 2 gewährleisten. Darüber hinaus finden sich an mehreren Stellen, wobei in der Figur 1 nur eine Stelle exemplarisch dargestellt ist, mehrere bienenwabenartige Strukturelemente 16, die zur Erhöhung der Kernfestigkeit dienen ohne großen Gewichtseintrag in Kauf nehmen zu müssen. Weiterhin weist die Laminatbeschichtung 4 sowohl ein Öffnungselement 17 in Form eines Drehventils auf, das zum Ablassen von unerwünschten Gasen bzw. Flüssigkeiten im Inneren des Kerns dient, als auch ein Druckmeßelement 18, das zur Kontrolle der Druckverhältnisse im Kern dient und es dem Benutzer ermöglicht, entsprechend eine schnelle Korrektur der gewünschten Druckverhältnisse im Kernmaterial zu erreichen. The device comprises a core 2 made of polyurethane or polystyrene or another foam whose upper side is provided with a laminate coating 4 of a fabric laminate and a bedding compound. Between the core 2 and the laminate coating 4 is an intermediate layer 6, which consists of a surface portion of the core 2 having a plurality was provided by differently shaped depressions, has penetrated into the bedding mass, with which also the fabric laminate was soaked. At the rear right end of the device, a means M for adjusting the negative pressure or overpressure, namely a valve is arranged. This can be firmly anchored by careful drilling through the laminate coating 4 in such a hole, but other ways are possible, for example, screwing in a designated thread. The core further comprises two channel-like elements 15 in the form of hoses, which ensure a faster pressure equalization in the core 2. In addition, several honeycomb-like structural elements 16 which serve to increase the core strength without having to accept a large amount of weight are to be found in several places, with only one point being illustrated by way of example in FIG. Furthermore, the laminate coating 4 has both an opening element 17 in the form of a rotary valve, which serves for discharging unwanted gases or liquids inside the core, as well as a pressure measuring element 18, which serves to control the pressure conditions in the core and allows the user Accordingly, to achieve a rapid correction of the desired pressure conditions in the core material.
Alternativ zu der Ausgestaltung dahingehend, daß der Kern 2 als Schaum realisiert ist, kann im Extremfall dieser auch materiallos ausgestaltet sein, wobei jedoch dann in der Laminatbeschichtung 4 eine Kernschicht K vorhanden sein muß, die aus Schaum besteht, damit innerhalb der Laminatbeschichtung 4 eine entsprechende feste Verbindung zwischen einzelnen Laminat- schichten oder zumindest einem Teil davon realisiert werden kann, wobei hierzu Bezug genommen wird auf die in der Beschreibung folgende Erläuterung bezüglich einer Zwischenschicht 6 zwischen dem Kern 2 und der Lami- natbeschichtung 4. As an alternative to the embodiment in that the core 2 is realized as a foam, in the extreme case this may also be designed without material, but then in the laminate coating 4, a core layer K must be present, which consists of foam, so within the laminate coating 4 a corresponding firm connection between individual laminate layers or at least a part thereof can be realized, reference being made to the in the description following explanation with respect to an intermediate layer 6 between the core 2 and the laminate natierung 4.
Auf der Oberseite der Laminatbeschichtung sind eine Vielzahl von Rauhheitseiementen 8 angeordnet, die die Aufgabe haben, den Wasserwiderstand zu reduzieren.  On the upper side of the laminate coating, a plurality of roughness elements 8 are arranged, which have the task of reducing the water resistance.
Im folgenden wird ein Verfahren zur Herstellung erläutert .  In the following, a method of manufacturing will be explained.
Der Kern 2 wird mittels Schleifmaschinen, Hobeln, Sägen und Schmirgelpapier oder mittels einer CNC-Ma- schine in eine gwünschte Form, wie beispielsweise ein Surfbrett gebracht .  The core 2 is brought into a desired shape, such as a surfboard, by means of grinding machines, planing, sawing and emery paper or by means of a CNC machine.
In einem weiteren Schritt werden mittels einer Fräse Rillen in die Oberfläche des Kerns 2 gedrückt. Anschließend wird die gesamte Oberfläche des Kerns 2 unter Verwendung einer groben Nadelrolle mit Senklöchern versehen. Danach wird dieser Arbeitsschritt mit der Nadelrolle mit kleineren Nadeln wiederholt. Dabei werden die Nadelrollen in verschiedenen Richtungen durchgeführt und diese Arbeitsschritte so oft wiederholt, bis sich eine gleichmäßige Struktur auf der Oberfläche ergibt. Durch die Kombination, mit Nadelrollen Senklöcher und mittels einer Fräse Rillen zu erzeugen, läßt sich eine besonders gute Haftung der Laminatbeschichtung 4 auf dem Kern 2 erreichen.  In a further step, grooves are pressed into the surface of the core 2 by means of a milling cutter. Subsequently, the entire surface of the core 2 is provided with sink holes using a coarse needle roller. Thereafter, this operation is repeated with the needle roller with smaller needles. The needle rollers are moved in different directions and these steps are repeated until a uniform structure results on the surface. By the combination, with needle rollers to create sinkholes and grooves by means of a milling cutter, a particularly good adhesion of the laminate coating 4 on the core 2 can be achieved.
In Bereichen mit hoher mechanischer Belastung kann die Oberfläche mit besonders vielen Vertiefungen versehen werden, um in diesen Bereichen eine besonders widerstandsfähige Verbindung zwischen dem Kern 2 und der Laminatbeschichtung 4 zu erreichen.  In areas of high mechanical stress, the surface can be provided with a particularly large number of depressions in order to achieve a particularly resistant connection between the core 2 and the laminate coating 4 in these areas.
Anschließend wird der gereinigte Kern 2 mit der Bettungsmasse beschichtet bzw. abgespachtelt, damit die Bettungsmasse in die erzeugten Senklöcher und Rillen 10 läuft und so eine optimale Verbindung zwischen dem Kern 2 und der Laminatummantelung 4 gewährleisten. Subsequently, the cleaned core 2 is coated or filled with the bedding compound so that the bedding mass runs into the generated sinkholes and grooves 10 and thus an optimal connection between the core 2 and the laminate sheath 4 ensure.
Durch dieses Beschichten des Kerns 2 mit der Bettungsmasse wird gewährleistet, daß die Bettungsmasse in die Vertiefungen läuft, und nicht die Bettungsmasse von dem Gewebelaminat aufgesogen wird.  By coating the core 2 with the bedding mass, it is ensured that the bedding compound runs into the depressions, and not the bedding mass is absorbed by the fabric laminate.
Als Bettungsmassen kommen vorzugsweise folgende Harze in Frage :  Suitable bedding compounds are preferably the following resins:
unsgesättigte Polyesterharze, Bioharze, Epoxidharze, Vinylesterharze und Polyurethanharze. Diese Harze können mit Füllstoffen wie Glashohlkugeln, Talkum, Holzmehl, Glasfaserschnipsel, BaumwolIflocken, Alupulver, gemahlene Kohlefasern, Kreide, Quarzmehl, gemahlene Hanffasern, Kieselsäuren und Farbstoffen versehen werden. Unsaturated polyester resins, bio resins, epoxy resins, vinyl ester resins and polyurethane resins. These resins may be provided with fillers such as glass bubbles, talc, wood flour, glass fiber chips, cotton flakes, alum powder, ground carbon fibers, chalk, quartz powder, ground hemp fibers, silicic acids and dyes.
Zu Beginn des eigentlichen Laminierens wird ein Glasfilamentgewebe, Aramidgewebe, Kohlegewebe, Fieberglasgewebe, Hanffasergewebe, Dyneema, Bambusgewebe bzw. Furnier oder ein Kombinationsgewebe aus den genannten Materialien auf einem separaten Tisch mit der Bettungsmasse versehen.  At the beginning of the actual lamination process, a glass filament fabric, aramid fabric, carbon fabric, fiberglass fabric, hemp fiber fabric, dyneema, bamboo fabric or veneer or a combination fabric made of the materials mentioned is provided on a separate table with the bedding compound.
Anschließend wird das Gewebelaminat auf den Kern 2 aufgelegt. Das Verhältnis der Gewebelaminatschichtdik- ken von der Ober- zu Unterseite kann 1:1 bis 1:3 betragen. Dabei überlappen sich die Laminatbeschichtungen der Ober- und Unterseiten, so daß im Bereich der Verbindungskanten eine doppelte Laminatbeschichtung gegeben ist, um auch an den Verbindungskanten eine unter Belastungen ausreichend stabile Verbindung zu gewährleisten.  Subsequently, the fabric laminate is placed on the core 2. The ratio of fabric laminate layer thicknesses from top to bottom can be 1: 1 to 1: 3. In this case, the laminate coatings of the upper and lower sides overlap, so that in the region of the joint edges a double laminate coating is given, in order to ensure a sufficiently stable connection under stress at the joint edges.
Eventuell eingeschlossene Luftblasen werden nach dem Auflegen des Gewebelaminats mit Hilfe eines Spachtels ausmassiert.  Any trapped air bubbles are massaged after applying the fabric laminate with the help of a spatula.
In einem weiteren Arbeitsschritt wird ein Abreißgewebe aufgebracht, das nicht saugfähig ist und daher die Bettungsmasse nicht aufnimmt . Das Abreißgewebe aus Nylon mit der Webart Leinen oder Köper weist ein Flächengewicht von 50 bis 120 g/m2 auf. Das Abreißen des Abreißgewebes rauht die Oberfläche des Grundkörpers 2 auf, so daß eine abschließende Oberflächenbeschichtung besser haftet . In a further step, a tear-off fabric is applied, which is not absorbent and therefore does not absorb the bedding mass. The tear-off nylon fabric with the weave linen or twill has a basis weight of 50 to 120 g / m 2 . The tearing of the tear-off fabric roughened the surface of the base body 2, so that a final surface coating adheres better.
Eventuell während des Auflegens des Abreißgewebes eingeschlossene Luftblasen werden ebenfalls mit einem Spachtel ausmassiert.  Any air bubbles trapped during the application of the tear-off fabric are also massaged with a spatula.
Anschließend wird eine Vakuum-Lochfolie aufgelegt, die zum Pressen von Laminaten verwendet wird.  Subsequently, a vacuum perforated film is applied, which is used for pressing laminates.
Es folgt ein Absaugvlies, das auf die Lochfolie aufgelegt wird, die dazu dient, die überschüssige Bettungsmasse aufzunehmen, die während des Vakuumprozesses herausgedrückt wird. Abschließend wird alles in einen Vakuumsack luftdicht eingeschlossen, der an eine Vakuumpumpe angeschlossen wird, so daß ein Druck von ca. 0,75 Bar für beispielsweise acht Stunden auf das Laminat wirkt. Nach Abschluß dieses Prozesses wird der laminierte Kern 2 von dem Absaugvlies und der Lochfolie entfernt. Anschließend wird das Abreißgewebe entfernt. Nach dem Entfernen des Abreißgewebes verbleiben auf der Oberfläche eine Vielzahl von Rauhheitseiementen 8, die punktsymmetrich ausgebildet sind und richtungsunabhängig angeordnet sind.  It is followed by a Absaugvlies, which is placed on the perforated foil, which serves to absorb the excess ballast mass, which is pushed out during the vacuum process. Finally, everything is airtight enclosed in a vacuum bag, which is connected to a vacuum pump, so that a pressure of about 0.75 bar for example, eight hours on the laminate acts. After completion of this process, the laminated core 2 is removed from the Absaugvlies and the perforated film. Subsequently, the tear-off fabric is removed. After removal of the tear-off fabric remain on the surface a plurality of roughness elements 8, which are formed point-symmetrical and are arranged independently of direction.
Es folgt die Beschichtung der zweiten Seite des brettförmigen Körpers, die auf entsprechende Art und Weise laminiert wird.  It follows the coating of the second side of the board-shaped body, which is laminated in a corresponding manner.
Zur Fertigstellung eines Surfbretts müssen noch Finnen- und Leashplugs gesetzt werden.  Finishing leash plugs are still needed to complete a surfboard.
Damit ist das Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Surfboards abgeschlossen und das Surfbrett fertiggestellt. Das nochmalige Aufbringen einer Bettungsmasse und das arbeitsaufwendige anschließende Schleifen ist nicht mehr nötig, wobei das Surfbrett aufgrund der fehlenden letzten Beschichtung ca. 15 bis 20 % leichter ist. This completes the process of manufacturing a surfboard and completes the surfboard. The re-application of a ballast and the laborious subsequent grinding is no longer necessary, whereby the surfboard is about 15 to 20% lighter due to the missing last coating.
Bei dieser Fertigungsmethode ist die Herstellung einer Negativform nicht nötig, sondern es können individuelle Formen mit einer Laminatummantelung versehen werden. Damit eignet sich das Verfahren nicht nur zur Herstellung von Faserverbundwerkstoffen für Sportgeräte, wie beispielsweise Surfbretter, sondern kann vorteilhaft auch in anderen Bereichen wie im Prothesenbau, in der Luftfahrt oder Fahrzeugbau eingesetzt werden.  In this production method, the production of a negative mold is not necessary, but it can be provided with laminate sheathing individual shapes. Thus, the method is not only suitable for the production of fiber composite materials for sports equipment, such as surfboards, but can be advantageously used in other areas such as prosthetic, in aviation or vehicle.
Neben dem beschriebenen Vakuumverfahren kann auch ein Injektionsverfahren verwendet werden. Anschließend wird durch das Vakuum die Bettungsmasse in das Gewebe- laminat hineingesaugt, wobei die Bettungsmasse mit Transportkanälen versehen werden, die eine optimierte Verteilung der Bettungsmasse gewährleisten. Dabei bleibt die Orientierung der Fasern des Gewebelaminats aufgrund der geringen Fließgeschwindigkeit der Bettungsmasse erhalten, was zu reproduzierbar guten mechanischen Eigenschaften führt.  In addition to the described vacuum method, an injection method can also be used. Subsequently, the bedding mass is sucked into the fabric laminate by the vacuum, the bedding mass being provided with transport channels which ensure an optimized distribution of the bedding mass. In this case, the orientation of the fibers of the fabric laminate is maintained due to the low flow rate of the ballast, which leads to reproducibly good mechanical properties.
Es wird auf die Figuren 3 bis 5 beispielhaft Bezug genommen. Die surfbrettförmigen Grundkörper 2 sind mit drei in Längsrichtung verlaufenden Rillen 10 versehen, die vor dem Laminieren mit einer Bettungsmasse, beispielsweise einem Harz oder einer harzhaltigen Masse, aufgefüllt wurden. Es können jedoch auch andere Bettungsmassen verwendte werden. Auf die mit Bettungsmasse aufgefüllten Rillen 10 werden Gewebelaminatstreifen 12 mit einer Breite von 15 bis 20 cm (siehe Fig. 2) aufgebracht. Es können jedoch auch Gewebelaminatstreifen 12 mit einer größeren Breite (bis 35 cm) auf den Kern 2 aufgebracht werden (siehe Fig. 3) oder es wird eine Gewebelaminatlage 14 ganzflächig aufgebracht . Vor einer abschließenden Laminatbeschichtung werden die Gewebelaminatstreifen 12 oder die Gewebelaminatlage 14 in die Rillen 10 eingedrückt, wobei die Abschnitte der eingedrückten Gewebelaminatstreifen 12 oder der Gewebelaminatlage 14 von der Bettungsmasse durchtränkt werden, mit der die Rillen 10 aufgefüllt sind. Reference is made to FIGS. 3 to 5 by way of example. The surfboard-shaped main body 2 are provided with three longitudinally extending grooves 10, which were filled prior to lamination with a ballast, such as a resin or a resinous mass. However, other bedding masses can also be used. On the filled with Bettungsmasse grooves 10 fabric laminate strips 12 are applied with a width of 15 to 20 cm (see Fig. 2). However, fabric laminate strips 12 having a greater width (up to 35 cm) can also be applied to the core 2 (see FIG. 3) or a fabric laminate layer 14 is applied over the entire surface. In front of you final laminate coating, the fabric laminate strips 12 or the fabric laminate layer 14 are pressed into the grooves 10, wherein the portions of the pressed fabric laminate strips 12 or the fabric laminate layer 14 are impregnated by the ballast, with which the grooves 10 are filled.
Alternativ hierzu kann auch zuerst das Eindrücken der Gewebelaminatstreifen 12 oder der Gewebelaminatlage 14 in die Rillen 10 erfolgen, gefolgt von einem  Alternatively, the impressions of the fabric laminate strips 12 or the fabric laminate layer 14 into the grooves 10 can be made first, followed by a
Schritt, in dem die Bettungsmasse auf den derart vorbereiteten Kern 2 aufgebracht wird und in die Rillen 10 mit den abschnittsweise eingedrückten Gewebelaminats- treifen 12 oder Gewebelaminatläge 14 eindringt. Dabei kann das Eindrücken der Gewebelaminatstreifen 12 oder der Gewebelaminatlage 14 mit Hilfe eines Werkzeuges erfolgen. Step in which the bedding compound is applied to the thus prepared core 2 and penetrates into the grooves 10 with the partially pressed-in fabric laminate strips 12 or fabric laminate layers 14. In this case, the impressions of the fabric laminate strips 12 or the fabric laminate layer 14 can be carried out with the aid of a tool.
Mit dem abschnitsweisen Eindrücken von Gewebelaminatstreifen 12 oder einer Gewebelaminatlage 14 kann der Faseranteil auf bis zu 80 % erhöht werden, was eine weitere Steigerung der Festigkeit und Stabilität bewirkt .  With the intermittent impressions of fabric laminate strips 12 or a fabric laminate layer 14, the fiber content can be increased up to 80%, which causes a further increase in strength and stability.
Es wird auf die Figuren 6 bis 9 Bezug genommen. Reference is made to FIGS. 6 to 9.
Die Figuren 6 bis 9 zeigen Oberflächenprofile von erfindungsgemäßen Surfbrettern. Die maximale Rauhtiefe ist als senkrechter Abstand zwischen höchstem und tiefstem Punkt des gefilterten Rauhheitsprofils innerhalb der Bezugsstrecke. Dabei weist das Oberflächenprofil der Figur 5 eine maximale Rauhtiefe von 118,5 μm auf, während das Oberflächenprofil der Figur 6 eine maximale Rauhtiefe von 96,64 μm, das Oberflächenprofil der Figur 7 eine maximale Rauhtiefe von 71,20 μm und das Oberflächenprofil der Figur 8 eine maximale Rauhtiefe von 140,8 μm aufweist. FIGS. 6 to 9 show surface profiles of surfboards according to the invention. The maximum roughness depth is a vertical distance between the highest and lowest points of the filtered roughness profile within the reference span. In this case, the surface profile of Figure 5 has a maximum surface roughness of 118.5 microns, while the surface profile of Figure 6 has a maximum roughness of 96.64 microns, the surface profile of Figure 7, a maximum roughness of 71.20 microns and the surface profile of the figure 8 has a maximum surface roughness of 140.8 microns.
Der Mittenrauhwert, der als das arithmetische Mit- tel der Profilabweichung des (gefilterten) Rauhheits- profils von der mittleren Linie innerhalb der Meßstrek- ke nach DIN 4786, DIN 4762 und ISO 4287/1 definiert ist, beträgt bei dem Oberflächenprofil der Figur 5 12,62 μm, bei dem Oberflächenprofil gemäß Figur 6 12,09 μm, bei dem Oberflächenprofil der Figur 7 11,6 μm und bei dem Oberflächenprofil der Figur 8 12,88 μm. Mit diesen Oberflächenprofilen konnte eine deutliche Verbesserung der Surfeigenschaften erzielt werden. The mean roughness, which is the arithmetic mean The profile deviation of the (filtered) roughness profile from the middle line within the measuring path according to DIN 4786, DIN 4762 and ISO 4287/1 is defined as 12.62 μm in the surface profile of FIG. 5, in the surface profile according to FIG 6 12.09 microns, in the surface profile of Figure 7 11.6 microns and in the surface profile of Figure 8 12.88 microns. With these surface profiles a clear improvement of the surfing properties could be achieved.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Composite-Körper, mit einer einen Kern (2) des Composite-Körpers zumindest teilweise umgebenden Lami- natbeschichtung (4) , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dela- minierungsfrei zumindest a) in einem zumindest teilweise von der Laminat- beschichtung (4) umgebenden Teil des Kerns (2) ein Überdruck herrscht oder zumindest in diesem Teil des Kerns (2) ein Überdruck realisierbar ist, wobei der Kern (2) zumindest teilweise als offenporiger Schaum ausgebildet ist, und/oder b) zumindest in einem Teil der Laminatbeschichtung (4) ein Überdruck herrscht oder zumindest in diesem Teil der Laminatbeschichtung (4) ein Überdruck realisierbar ist, wobei der Kern (2) zumindest teilweise als offenporiger Schaum ausgebildet ist. Composite body, comprising a laminate coating (4) at least partially surrounding a core (2) of the composite body, characterized in that delamination-free at least a) at least partially surrounding the laminate coating (4) Part of the core (2) there is an overpressure or at least in this part of the core (2) an overpressure can be realized, wherein the core (2) is at least partially formed as an open-pore foam, and / or b) at least in a part of the laminate coating ( 4) there is an overpressure or at least in this part of the laminate coating (4) an overpressure can be realized, wherein the core (2) is at least partially designed as an open-pore foam.
2. Composite-Körper nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß diese mindestens ein Mittel (M, 18, 20) zum Einstellen des Unter- oder Überdrucks aufweist. 2. Composite body according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises at least one means (M, 18, 20) for adjusting the negative or positive pressure.
3. Composite-Körper nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es sich bei dem Mittel (M) um ein Ventil handelt . 3. composite body according to claim 2, characterized in that it is the means (M) is a valve.
4. Composite-Körper nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kern (2) zumindest teilweise materiallos ausgestaltet ist. 4. Composite body according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the core (2) is configured at least partially without material.
5. Composite-Körper nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es sich beim Schaum um einen aus der Gruppe der Acryl-, EPS-, PU-, PVC-, PET- Schäume, PP-Schäume, TDI, PE, PEI, MDI, Balsaholz, Mais, Honeycomp handelt. 5. Composite body according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it is the foam to one of the group of acrylic, EPS, PU, PVC, PET foams, PP foams, TDI, PE , PEI, MDI, balsa, corn, honeycomp.
6. Composite-Körper nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kern (2) zumindest ein kanalartiges Element (15) aufweist, das zumindest teilweise durch den Kern (2) verläuft. 6. Composite body according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the core (2) has at least one channel-like element (15) which extends at least partially through the core (2).
7. Composite-Körper nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kern (2) zumindest teilweise zumindest ein wabenartiges Strukturelement aufweist . 7. Composite body according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the core (2) at least partially has at least one honeycomb-like structural element.
8. Composite-Körper nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kern (2) zumindest teilweise eine Kombination von Schäumen aufweist. 8. Composite body according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the core (2) at least partially comprises a combination of foams.
9. Composite-Körper nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kern (2) zumindest teilweise Fasermatten, mit Fiberglas durchnähte Platten oder faserverstärkte Schäume aufweist. 9. Composite body according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the core (2) at least partially fiber mats, fiberglass-perforated plates or fiber-reinforced foams.
10. Composite-Körper nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Überdruck realisiert wird mittels mindestens eines Mitglieds aus der Gruppe Luft, Stickstoff, Edelgas, Fluid. 10. Composite body according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the overpressure is realized by means of at least one member from the group air, nitrogen, noble gas, fluid.
11. Composite-Körper nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Laminatbeschichtung (4) ein Öffnungselement (17) aufweist. 11. Composite body according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the laminate coating (4) has an opening element (17).
12. Composite-Körper nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis12. Composite body according to one of claims 1 to
11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dieser ein Druckmeßelement (18) aufweist. 11, characterized in that it has a pressure measuring element (18).
13. Composite-Körper nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis13. Composite body according to one of claims 2 to
12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Mittel zum Einstellen des Unter- oder Überdrucks ein Deckelelement aufweist und/oder in der Vorrichtung eingelassen ist. 12, characterized in that the means for adjusting the negative or positive pressure has a cover element and / or is embedded in the device.
14. Composite-Körper nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis14. Composite body according to one of claims 1 to
13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Laminatbeschichtung (4) wenigstens ein Gewebelaminat und eine Bettungsmasse aufweist, mit einer Zwischenschicht (6) zwischen dem Kern (2) und der Laminatbeschichtung (4) und/oder mit einer Zwischenschicht (6) zwischen einer Kernschicht (K) der Laminatbeschichtung und wenigstens einen Teil der Laminatbeschichtung (4) , wobei die Zwischenschicht eine mit Vertiefungen versehene Schicht aus Schaum aufweist . 13, characterized in that the laminate coating (4) has at least one fabric laminate and a bedding compound, with an intermediate layer (6) between the core (2) and the laminate coating (4) and / or with an intermediate layer (6) between a core layer ( K) the laminate coating and at least a portion of the laminate coating (4), the intermediate layer having a recessed layer of foam.
15. Composite-Körper nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zwischenschicht (6) Material des Kerns (2) oder der Kernschicht (K) und der Bettungsmasse aufweist. 15. Composite body according to claim 14, characterized in that the intermediate layer (6) comprises material of the core (2) or the core layer (K) and the bedding compound.
16. Composite-Körper nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zwischenschicht (6) Material des Gewebelaminats aufweist. 16. Composite body according to claim 15, characterized in that the intermediate layer (6) comprises material of the fabric laminate.
17. Composite-Körper nach Anspruch 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vertiefungen rillenförmig ausgebildet sind . 17. Composite body according to claim 16, characterized in that the recesses groove-shaped are .
18. Composite-Körper nach Anspruch 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens abschnittsweise in die Rillen (10) wenigstens abschnittsweise Gewebelaminat angeordnet ist. 18. Composite body according to claim 17, characterized in that at least in sections in the grooves (10) at least partially tissue laminate is arranged.
19. Composite-Körper nach einem der Ansprüche 17 oder 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rillen (10) eine Tiefe bis zu 6 cm aufweisen. 19. Composite body according to one of claims 17 or 18, characterized in that the grooves (10) have a depth up to 6 cm.
20. Composite-Körper nach einem der Ansprüche 17, 18 oder 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rillen (10) parallel und/oder sich kreuzend angeordnet sind. 20. Composite body according to one of claims 17, 18 or 19, characterized in that the grooves (10) are arranged parallel and / or crossing each other.
21. Composite-Körper nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vertiefungen sen- klochförmig ausgebildet sind. 21. Composite body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the recesses are sen- klochförmig formed.
22. Composite-Körper nach Anspruch 21, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die senklochförmigen Vertiefungen konisch oder zylinderförmig ausgebildet sind und eine Tiefe bis zu 8 cm, vorzugsweise 1 bis 2 mm, und einen Durchmesser bis zu 5 mm, vorzugsweise 1 bis 3 mm aufweisen. 22. A composite body according to claim 21, characterized in that the senklochförmigen recesses are conical or cylindrical and have a depth up to 8 cm, preferably 1 to 2 mm, and a diameter of up to 5 mm, preferably 1 to 3 mm.
23. Composite-Körper nach einem der Ansprüche 16 bis 22, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vertiefungen regelmäßig angeordnet sind. 23. Composite body according to one of claims 16 to 22, characterized in that the recesses are arranged regularly.
24. Composite-Körper nach einem der Ansprüche 16 bis 22, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vertiefungen unregelmäßig angeordnet sind. 24. Composite body according to one of claims 16 to 22, characterized in that the recesses are arranged irregularly.
25. Composite-Körper nach einem der vorherigen Ansprü- che, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gewebelaminat aus Kunst- und/oder Naturfasern, Glasfasern, Aramidfasern, Polyethylenfasern, Polypropylenfasern, Mischfasern, Kohlefasern, PMI -Fasern, Glasfilamentgewebe, Kohlegewebe, Fiberglasgewebe, Hanffasergewebe, Dyneemafasern, Bambusgewebe , Texaliumfasern, Baumwollfasern, Kevlarfa- sern, Basaltgewebe, Parabeam oder aus einer Kombination hiervon besteht . 25. Composite body according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the fabric laminate is made of synthetic and / or natural fibers, glass fibers, aramid fibers, polyethylene fibers, polypropylene fibers, mixed fibers, carbon fibers, PMI fibers, glass filament fabrics, carbon fabrics, fiberglass fabrics, hemp fabrics, Dyneema fibers, bamboo fabrics, Texalium fibers, cotton fibers, Kevlar® basal tissue, parabeam or a combination thereof.
26. Composite-Körper nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gewebeflächenge- wicht bei Glasfasern und Aramid bis zu 1000 g/m2, insbesondere bei den Glasfasern 80 g/m2 bis 480 g/m2 und bei Aramid 60 g/m2 bis 400 g/m2, beträgt. 26. Composite body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Gewebeflächengew weight with glass fibers and aramid up to 1000 g / m 2 , in particular in the glass fibers 80 g / m 2 to 480 g / m 2 and in aramid 60th g / m 2 to 400 g / m 2 , is.
27. Composite-Körper nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gewebelaminat mindestens einer Webart aus der Gruppe Leinen, Köper 1/3, Köper 2/2, unidirektional , Glasstapelfasergewebe, Glas- rovinggewebe , Atlasgewebe, Kohlegelege, Biaxialgelege entspricht . 27. Composite body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fabric laminate at least one weave from the group linen, twill 1/3, twill 2/2, unidirectional, glass fiber cloth, glass roving tissue, Atlasgewebe, Kohlegelege, Biaxialgelege corresponds.
28. Composite-Körper nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schaum aus Polyurethan, Polystyrol, SAN, Polymerschaum SP 110, XPS- Schaum, PMI -Schaum, Phenolschäum oder PMA-Schaum besteht. 28. Composite body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the foam consists of polyurethane, polystyrene, SAN, polymer foam SP 110, XPS foam, PMI foam, phenolic foam or PMA foam.
29. Composite-Körper nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schaum eine geschlossene Zellstruktur aufweist. 29. Composite body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the foam has a closed cell structure.
30. Composite-Körper nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schaum eine offene Zellstruktur aufweist. 30. Composite body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the foam is an open Cell structure has.
31. Composite-Körper nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Bettungsmasse ein Naturharz und/oder ein Kunstharz, ein ungesättigtes Polyesterharz (UP) , ein Epoxidharz (EP) , ein Vinyle- sterharz (VE) oder ein Polyurethanharz (PU) ist. 31. Composite body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ballast compound is a natural resin and / or a synthetic resin, an unsaturated polyester resin (UP), an epoxy resin (EP), a vinyl ester resin (VE) or a polyurethane resin (PU ).
32. Composite-Körper nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Bettungsmasse mit Füllstoffen versetzt ist. 32. Composite body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bedding compound is mixed with fillers.
33. Composite-Körper nach Anspruch 32, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es sich bei den Füllstoffen um Glashohl - kugeln, Nanopartikel , Talkum, Holzmehl, Glasfaserschnipsel, Fiberglasschnipsel, Baumwollflocken, Microballons, Alupulver, gemahlene Kohlefasern, Kreide, Quarzmehl, gemahlene Hanffasern, Kieselsäuren oder Farbstoffe oder eine Kombination hiervon handelt. 33. Composite body according to claim 32, characterized in that the fillers are hollow glass balls, nanoparticles, talc, wood flour, glass fiber chips, fiberglass chips, cotton flakes, microballoons, aluminum powders, ground carbon fibers, chalk, quartz powder, ground hemp fibers, silicic acids or dyes or a combination thereof.
34. Composite-Körper nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Laminatbe- schichtung gasdicht ist . 34. Composite body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the laminate coating is gas-tight.
35. Composite-Körper nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einstellung des Unter- und/oder Überdruckes im Kern (2) und in der Laminatbeschichtung (4) unabhängig realisierbar ist bzw. wird. 35. Composite body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the setting of the underpressure and / or overpressure in the core (2) and in the laminate coating (4) is or can be independently realized.
36. Composite-Körper nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verhältnis der Laminatbeschichtungsdicken von sich gegenüberliegenden Seiten im Bereich 1:1 bis 1:3 beträgt. 36. Composite body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ratio of the laminate coating thicknesses of opposite sides in the range 1: 1 to 1: 3.
37. Verwendung eines Composite-Körpers nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 36, als Wassersportgerät, Sportgerät zum Wellenreiten, Kiteboard, Windsurfboard, Paddlebo- ard, Waterskate, Sportgerät, Snowboard, Ski, Kayak, als Bauteil im Flugzeugbau, Flügelelement, Flügel für Ultraleichtflieger, Höhen und Seitenruder, als Bauteil im Fahrzeugbau, Fahrzeugaufbau, Karosserieteil, Spoiler, Turm, Motorhaube, als Bauteil im Schiffsbau, Rumpfan- bau, Schiffsrumpf, als Bauteil in Windkraftanlagen, Windkraftflügel, Windkraft-Rotorblatt , als Unterwasserturbinenflügel, als Bauteil im Gebäudebau, Vordach, Wintergartengerüst . 37. Use of a composite body according to one of claims 1 to 36, as a water sports equipment, sports equipment for surfing, kiteboard, windsurfboard, Paddlebo- ard, Waterskate, sports equipment, snowboard, ski, kayak, as a component in aircraft, wing element, wings for ultralight aircraft , Elevators and rudders, as a component in vehicle construction, vehicle body, body part, spoiler, tower, hood, as a component in shipbuilding, hull construction, ship hull, as a component in wind turbines, wind turbine blades, wind power rotor blade, as underwater turbine wing, as a component in building construction, Canopy, winter garden scaffolding.
EP10737294A 2009-07-23 2010-07-23 Composite body Withdrawn EP2456616A1 (en)

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AU2010275689B2 (en) 2014-06-05

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