DE3417217A1 - Functional sandwich laminate for producing ultra-lightweight windsurf boards and surf-boards and the like (all sandwich structures) - Google Patents

Functional sandwich laminate for producing ultra-lightweight windsurf boards and surf-boards and the like (all sandwich structures)

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Publication number
DE3417217A1
DE3417217A1 DE19843417217 DE3417217A DE3417217A1 DE 3417217 A1 DE3417217 A1 DE 3417217A1 DE 19843417217 DE19843417217 DE 19843417217 DE 3417217 A DE3417217 A DE 3417217A DE 3417217 A1 DE3417217 A1 DE 3417217A1
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Germany
Prior art keywords
boards
sandwich
load
outer skin
laminate
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DE19843417217
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German (de)
Inventor
Michael Dipl.-Ing. 7056 Weinstadt Czeninga
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to DE19843417217 priority Critical patent/DE3417217A1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B32/00—Water sports boards; Accessories therefor
    • B63B32/57—Boards characterised by the material, e.g. laminated materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/065—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of foam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
    • B32B27/302—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising aromatic vinyl (co)polymers, e.g. styrenic (co)polymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/34—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyamides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/40—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyurethanes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/245—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it being a foam layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
    • B32B7/022—Mechanical properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/005—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising one layer of ceramic material, e.g. porcelain, ceramic tile
    • B32B9/007—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising one layer of ceramic material, e.g. porcelain, ceramic tile comprising carbon, e.g. graphite, composite carbon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B32/00—Water sports boards; Accessories therefor
    • B63B32/40—Twintip boards; Wakeboards; Surfboards; Windsurfing boards; Paddle boards, e.g. SUP boards; Accessories specially adapted therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0261—Polyamide fibres
    • B32B2262/0269—Aromatic polyamide fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0276—Polyester fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/101—Glass fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2266/00—Composition of foam
    • B32B2266/02—Organic
    • B32B2266/0214—Materials belonging to B32B27/00
    • B32B2266/0221—Vinyl resin
    • B32B2266/0228—Aromatic vinyl resin, e.g. styrenic (co)polymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2266/00—Composition of foam
    • B32B2266/02—Organic
    • B32B2266/0214—Materials belonging to B32B27/00
    • B32B2266/0278—Polyurethane
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2305/02—Cellular or porous
    • B32B2305/022—Foam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/718—Weight, e.g. weight per square meter
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2315/00—Other materials containing non-metallic inorganic compounds not provided for in groups B32B2311/00 - B32B2313/04
    • B32B2315/08—Glass
    • B32B2315/085—Glass fiber cloth or fabric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2325/00—Polymers of vinyl-aromatic compounds, e.g. polystyrene
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2367/00—Polyesters, e.g. PET, i.e. polyethylene terephthalate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2375/00—Polyureas; Polyurethanes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2377/00—Polyamides

Abstract

The invention relates to the specific production of a sandwich laminate which is more rigid in comparison to outer layers hitherto conventional, but is not heavier and may even be lighter, as the load-bearing outer skin for windsurf boards and surf-boards and the like, the production effort and material costs remaining in the economically viable range. The use of an outer skin of this type with increased rigidity permits very lightweight foam cores to be used. The problem of detachment of the outer layer from the foam core is solved by the installation of a valve. Initial prototypes (length approximately 3 m, width approximately 60 cm, volume approximately 140 l) weigh approximately 7.5 kg. Further weight reductions are possible by the use of materials which are known and can be produced but are not yet available. Furthermore, the invention represents a generally valid design principle.

Description

Beschreibungdescription

Titel: (1)' Funktionsfähiges Sandwichlaminat zur Herstellung superleichter Windsurf- und Wellenreitbretter u.a.m. (alle Sandwichkonstruktionen) Gattung: «2) Die Erfindung betrifft die tragende Außenhaut von Windsurf- und Wellenreitbrettern, die insgesamt eine Sandwichkonstruktion darstellen sowie die Übertragung des Prinzips.auf alle Sandwichkonstruktionen.Title: (1) 'Functional sandwich laminate for the production of super light Windsurfing and surfing boards, etc. (all sandwich constructions) Category: «2) The invention relates to the load-bearing outer skin of windsurfing and surfing boards, which represent a sandwich construction as well as the transfer of the principle all sandwich constructions.

Insbesondere sind von der Erfindung betroffen: - der Aufbau der tragenden Außenhaut, die durch ihre relativ geringe Schichtdicke neben der Tragwirkung als (elastisch gebettete) Platte auch Tragwirkung als Membran aufweist.In particular, the invention affects: the structure of the load-bearing Outer skin, which due to its relatively small layer thickness in addition to the load-bearing effect as (elastically embedded) plate also has a supporting effect as a membrane.

- eine Maßnahme zur Vermeidung der gelegentlich auftretenden Ablösung von Schaumkern (sog. Delamination).- a measure to avoid the occasional detachment of foam core (so-called delamination).

Angaben zur Gattung: (3) Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf die funktionsfähige tragende Außenhaut zur Herstellung superleichter Windsurf- und Wellenreitbretter u.a.m.Information on the genus: (3) The invention relates to the functional load-bearing outer skin for the production of super-light windsurfing and surfing boards u.a.m.

sowie die daraus resultierende Verwendung extrem leichter Kunststoffschaumkerne. Dabei ist es gleichgültig, ob die Bretter u.a.m. im Handauflegeverfahren gebaut werden (sog. ,,Custom-mades"), oder ob die Außenschale im Positiv- oder Negativformenbau vorgefertigt und anschließend mit dem Schaumkern verklebt, verschweißt oder ausgeschäumt wird. Ebenso sind Abmessungen, äußere Form, Auftrieb, Volumen sowie hydraulisch wirkende Merkmale der Bretter ohne Belang.as well as the resulting use of extremely light plastic foam cores. It does not matter whether the boards are built using the hand lay-up method (so-called "custom-made"), or whether the outer shell is a positive or negative mold prefabricated and then glued, welded or foamed to the foam core will. Likewise, dimensions, external shape, buoyancy, volume and hydraulic acting characteristics of the boards irrelevant.

Darüberhinaus stellt die Erfindung ein allgemein gültiges Konstruktionsprinzip dar.In addition, the invention represents a generally applicable construction principle represent.

Stand der Technik: (4) Ein herkömmliches, industriell gefertigtes Surfbrett (als 1. Beispiel: Länge ca. 3 m, Breite ca. 60 cm, Volumen ca. 150 1) wiegt im günstigen Falle ca. 11-12 kg, oft sogar bis zu 40 % mehr. Ein entsprechendes Wellenreitbrett (als 2. Beispiel: Länge ca. 1,70 m, Breite ca. 50 cm, Volumen ca. 40 1) wiegt analog im günstigen Fall ca. 3,5 - 4,5 kg.Prior Art: (4) A conventional industrially manufactured one Surfboard (as 1st example: length approx. 3 m, width approx. 60 cm, volume approx. 150 1) in the best case weighs approx. 11-12 kg, often even up to 40% more. A corresponding one Surfboard (as a 2nd example: length approx. 1.70 m, width approx. 50 cm, volume approx. 40 1) weighs similarly in the best case approx. 3.5 - 4.5 kg.

(Fundstelle: eigene Erfahrung, F irmenprospekte der Hersteller; Su rfshops).(Source: own experience, manufacturer's company brochures; Su rfshops).

Im Folgenden soll der Einfachheit halber nur mehr das obige Windsurfbrett (1. Beispiel) betrachtet werden: Einzelkonstruktionen ergeben teilweise eine Gewichtsverminderung auf ca. 9 kg, zeigen jedoch starke *"Beul"-Anfälligkeit bzw. sind durch die Verwendung teurer Materialien auch bei Serienbrettern (Kohlefasern, Aramidfasern "KEVLAR", sowie deren Hybride) in kommerzieller Hinsicht nicht sonderlich konkurrenzfähig. (Firmenprospekte).In the following, for the sake of simplicity, only the above windsurf board will be used (1st example): Individual constructions sometimes result in a weight reduction to approx. 9 kg, but show strong * "bump" susceptibility or are due to the use expensive materials also for series boards (carbon fibers, aramid fibers "KEVLAR", and their hybrids) not particularly competitive in commercial terms. (Company brochures).

Einige Exoten zeigen weitere Gewichtsverringerung bei relativ guter "Beul"-Steifigkeit, sind aber wegen des hohen Fertigungsaufwandes durch den daraus resultierenden hohen Preis kommerziell bislang nicht nutzbar. (Fundstelle: SURFER (Kaliforn. Zeitschrift) Mai 82, Nr. 5, S. 40 ff; Mai 83, Nr. 3, Nr.S,S.84ff).Some exotic species show further weight reduction with relatively good ones "Bump" stiffness, but are due to the high manufacturing costs due to it The resulting high price has not yet been commercially usable. (Reference: SURFER (California Journal) May 82, No. 5, pp. 40 ff; May 83, No. 3, No. S, p.84ff).

*Anmerkung: Die an dieser und anderer Stelle verwendeten Begriffe ,,Beul"-Anfälligkeit, "Beul-Steifigkeit", ,,Beul"-Empfindlichkeit usw. meinen das Auftreten bleibender Beulen bzw. Dellen im Brett, wie sie z.B. durch das Gewicht des Benutzers oder Schläge und Stöße entstehen.* Note: The terms used here and elsewhere "Buckling" susceptibility, "Buckling rigidity", "Buckling" sensitivity, etc. mean that Occurrence of permanent dents or dents in the board, e.g. due to the weight of the user or blows and shocks.

Nicht gemeint ist damit der Beulbegriff als Stabilitätsproblem aus der Festigkeitslehre.This does not mean the bulge term as a stability problem of strength theory.

Mischlaminate sind bekannt, werden bislang jedoch nicht in dünnen Schichtdicken (ca. 1-2 mm und weniger) verwendet, insbesondere nicht für Wind- und Wellensurfbretter. Auch ist das Hauptziel nicht die Erzeugung eines sehr geringen Gewichtes, sondern anderer Eigenschaften: - erhöhte Bruchfestigkeit - erhöhtes Arbeitsvermögen u.a.m.Mixed laminates are known, but have so far not been made thin Layer thicknesses (approx. 1-2 mm and less) are used, especially not for wind and wind Wave surfboards. Nor is the main goal of producing a very small one Weight, but other properties: - increased breaking strength - increased work capacity u.a.m.

{Beispiel: Wildwasserkajaks) (Fundstellen: Arbeitsanleitung IV, Fa. Lange + Ritter, Flüssigkunststoffe, 7016 Gerlingen bei Stuttgart; Firmenprospekte VOSSCHEMIE GMBH, 2082 Uetersen bei Hamburg; Zeitschrift: "Kunstharznachrichten", Hoechst AG, Frankfurt Ausgaben (?, da unvollständig) ). {Example: whitewater kayaks) (Locations: Instructions IV, Fa. Lange + Ritter, Liquid Plastics, 7016 Gerlingen near Stuttgart; Company brochures VOSSCHEMIE GMBH, 2082 Uetersen near Hamburg; Magazine: "Synthetic Resin News", Hoechst AG, Frankfurt issues (?, Because incomplete)).

Dem Problem der Delamination, das insbesondere bei der Verwendung leichter Kunststoffschaumkerne auftritt, steht man bislang relativ hilflos gegenüber, wahrscheinlich vorwiegend aufgrund falscher Annahmen.The problem of delamination, especially when using lighter plastic foam cores occurs, one has so far been relatively helpless when it comes to probably mostly due to wrong assumptions.

(Weitere Quellen: Vorlesungsskripten ,,Kunststoffbau 1, II, Privatdozent Dr. Ing. U. Schulz, TU Karlsruhe).(Further sources: Lecture notes ,, Kunststoffbau 1, II, Privatdozent Dr. Ing.U. Schulz, TU Karlsruhe).

Kritik des Standes der Technik: (5) - Es wird einseitig Wert auf die Bruchfestigkeit des gesamten Brettes gelegt (Verwendung von Kohlefasern etc.) und dabei übersehen, daß die ,,Beul"-Steifigkeit auch sehr dünner Deckschichten mit der 3. Potenz ihrer Dicke wächst oder zumindest mit dem aus der Festigkeitslehre bekannten Steiner-Glied bei rechnerischer Nichtberücksichtigung leichterer Trennschichten.Criticism of the prior art: (5) - There is one-sided emphasis on the Breaking strength of the entire board (use of carbon fiber, etc.) and overlooked the fact that the "bulge" stiffness is also very thin with top layers the 3rd power of their thickness increases or at least with that from the strength theory known Steiner link if lighter separating layers are not taken into account in arithmetic.

- Zur Abschätzung der absoluten Bruchfestigkeit von Windsurf- und Wellenreitbrettern lassen sich sowieso keine zuverlässigen Lastannahmen treffen.- To estimate the absolute breaking strength of windsurfing and No reliable load assumptions can be made for surfboards anyway.

- ein Bruch des gesamten Surfbrettes tritt, außer unter extremen Bedingungen (z.B. Hawaii), sehr selten auf.- The entire surfboard breaks, except in extreme conditions (e.g. Hawaii), very rarely.

- die Verwendung von Kohlefasern, Kevlarfasern usw. und deren Hybriden bewirkt zwar eine gute Steigerung der Gesamtbruchfestigkeit, jedoch nur eine sehr mäßige Steigerung der Biegesteifigkeit, da: E =2-3xE Kohlelaminat G laslaminat linearer Zuwachs (Vergl. Zuwachs der Biegesteifigkeit in 3. (bzw. 2.) Potenz durch Dickensteigerung infolge (leichterer) Zwischenschichten im Laminat).- the use of carbon fibers, kevlar fibers, etc. and their hybrids causes a good increase in the total breaking strength, but only a very large one moderate increase in flexural rigidity because: E = 2-3xE carbon laminate glass laminate more linear Increase (cf. increase in bending stiffness in 3rd (or 2nd) power by increasing the thickness due to (lighter) intermediate layers in the laminate).

- Für das Problem der Delamination ist bislang keine befriedigende Lösung bekannt, die nicht das Gesamtgewicht des Brettes nachträg lich wieder erhöhen würde.- So far there is no satisfactory solution for the problem of delamination Known solution that does not subsequently increase the total weight of the board again would.

Aufgabe: (6) Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, das Gewicht aller Bretter mit den unter (3) der Beschreibung bezeichneten Konstruktionsmerkmalen zu verringern, ohne ihre Gebrauchsfähigkeit einzuschränken, (speziell' "Beul"-Empfindlichkeit, Delamination), wobei besonders Fertigungsaufwand sowie Materialkosten innerhalb eines kommerziell interessanten Rahmens bleiben sollen.Task: (6) The invention is based on the task of the weight of all boards with the design features specified under (3) of the description without reducing their usability, (especially '"bump" sensitivity, Delamination), with particular manufacturing effort and material costs within should remain in a commercially interesting framework.

Lösung: (7) Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die tragende Außenhaut eines unter (3) der Beschreibung bezeichneten Brettes in sich selbst eine Sandwichkonstruktion darstellt, wobei im Vergleich mit bisher üblichen Außenhäuten das Verhältnis Dicke/Gewicht bzw.Solution: (7) According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the load-bearing outer skin of a board designated under (3) of the description in itself is a sandwich construction, compared with the usual Outer skins the ratio of thickness / weight or

das Verhältnis Biegesteifigkeit/Gewicht größer ist.the bending stiffness / weight ratio is greater.

Bei der Erfindung wurde gezielt Wert auf die Erzeugung größerer Gesamtdicken sowie geringeren Gewichtes als bisher üblich gelegt.In the invention, emphasis was placed on producing greater overall thicknesses as well as lower weight than usual.

Die äußere und innere Tragschicht (i.d. Zeichnung mit S benannt) dieser Sandwichkonstruktion kann bestehen aus: - E-, S-, K-Glas sowie anderen handelsüblichen Glasfasern - Aramidfasern (z.B. KEVLAR) - Kohlefasern - weiteren noch zu entwickelnden Fasern mit evt. besseren Eigenschaften (bzw. billiger) Die Zwischenschicht <i.d.Zeichnung mit L benannt) kann bestehen aus: - Kunststoffgewebe, die leichter als Glasgewebe sind, z.B. Polyesterfasergewebe (DIOLEN) - Kunststoffschäumen (z.B. PUR, PS, EPS usw.) Raumgewicht 0.01 - 0,6 kg/l - Natürliche und künstliche Faserwerkstoffe, die leichter als Glasfasern sind - leichte Holzfurniere (z.B. Balsa, Redwood, Pitch Pine u.a.m. mit Raumgewicht bis ca. 0,8 kg/l) - Thermoplaste - Kork und vergleichbare leichte Stoffe - NEOPREN und vergleichbare Weichschaumkunststoffe - Schaumvlies COREMAT (holl. Herstellerbezeichnung) (Schichtdicke ca. 0,3 - 1,5 mm, derzeit nicht im Handel) Weitere Ausgestaltung der Erfindung: (8) Die erfindungsgemäße gezielte Erzeugung relativ leichter und deshalb bei geringem Gewicht dickerer Deckschichten bewirkt eine starke Erhöhung der Biegesteifigkeit und damit der ,,Beul"-Steifigkeit der Außenhaut. Dadurch wird erfindungsgemäß im Sinne der Gewichtsreduktion die Verwendung sehr leichter Kunststoffschäume (z.B. PUR-, PS- und EPS-Schäume) ermöglicht.The outer and inner base layer (named in the drawing with S) of this Sandwich construction can consist of: - E, S, K glass as well as other commercially available ones Glass fibers - aramid fibers (e.g. KEVLAR) - carbon fibers - others still to be developed Fibers with possibly better properties (or cheaper) The intermediate layer <as shown in the drawing named with L) can consist of: - Plastic fabric, which is lighter than glass fabric are, e.g. polyester fiber fabric (DIOLEN) - plastic foams (e.g. PUR, PS, EPS etc.) density 0.01 - 0.6 kg / l - natural and artificial fiber materials, the are lighter than fiberglass - light wood veneers (e.g. balsa, redwood, pitch Pine, etc. with a density of up to approx. 0.8 kg / l) - thermoplastics - cork and similar light fabrics - NEOPRENE and comparable soft foam plastics - foam fleece COREMAT (Dutch manufacturer's name) (layer thickness approx. 0.3 - 1.5 mm, currently not in trade) Further embodiment of the invention: (8) The targeted one according to the invention Production of relatively easier and therefore thicker layers with a low weight causes a strong increase in the flexural rigidity and thus the "bulge" rigidity the Outer skin. This is according to the invention in terms of weight reduction the use of very light plastic foams (e.g. PUR, PS and EPS foams) enables.

(Raumgewicht für bisherige Prototypen ca. 15 kg/m3).(Volume weight for previous prototypes approx. 15 kg / m3).

Bei vielen Brettern, besonders jedoch bei solchen mit Schaumkern geringer Dichte, tritt im Verlauf des Gebrauchs das Problem der Ablösung des Laminats vom Schaumkern auf. (Delamination).With many boards, but especially with those with a foam core, less Density, the problem of the laminate peeling off occurs in the course of use Foam core on. (Delamination).

Dieses Phänomen wird bisher auf äußere Belastungen zurückgeführt, was nur in geringem Umfang zutrifft. Der Hauptgrund liegt vielmehr darin, daß ein Schaumkern umsomehr Luft oder andere Gase enthält, je geringer sein Raumgewicht ist. Auch werden mit sinkendem Raum gewicht die Zellwände immer dünner bzw. die Anzahl der offenen Zellen immer größer. Beim Liegen in der Sonne nimmt das Brett Wärme auf. Die Außenhaut steht somit unter Überdruck von innen, wobei erhebliche Kräfte auftreten, die zum Versagen der Grenzschicht und damit zur Ablösung führen können. Dieses Problem wird erfindungsgemäß auf simple, aber wirkungsvolle Weise gelöst. In das Laminat wird ein einfaches Einwegventil eingebaut, das den Durchgang der unter Überdruck stehenden Gase nach außen hin ermöglicht. Die Gefahr der Wasseraufnahme ist nicht gegeben, da das Ventil in Richtung von außen nach innen sperrt. Der beim Abkühlen entstehende Unterdruck im Schaumkern hat keine negativen Folgen und wird außerdem durch Diffusionsvorgänge neutralisiert.This phenomenon has so far been attributed to external loads, which only applies to a small extent. Rather, the main reason is that a The lower its density, the more air or other gases it contains is. The cell walls also become thinner and thinner as the volume decreases The number of open cells keeps increasing. When lying in the sun, the board takes Warm up. The outer skin is thus under overpressure from the inside, with considerable Forces occur which lead to the failure of the boundary layer and thus to its detachment can. This problem is solved in a simple but powerful way according to the present invention solved. A simple one-way valve is built into the laminate to prevent the passage of the gases under overpressure to the outside. The risk of water absorption is not given because the valve blocks in the direction from outside to inside. The at The negative pressure created in the foam core by cooling has no negative consequences and will also neutralized by diffusion processes.

Erzielbare Vorteile: (9) Die Vorteile werden stichpunktartig aufgezählt: - Erhebliche Verringerung des Gewichtes von Windsurf- und Wellenreitbrettern u.a.m.Achievable advantages: (9) The advantages are listed in note form: - Considerable reduction in the weight of windsurfing and surfing boards, etc.

- Die bisher bekannten, teilweise recht empfindlichen sog. "Custommade-Surfboards" können unter Verwendung der Erfindung ohne Gewichts- und Preissteigerung wesentlich robuster gebaut werden.- The so-called "custom-made surfboards" known so far, some of which are quite sensitive can use the invention significantly without increasing weight and price be built more robustly.

- Die Materialien sind preiswert; falls Kohle und Kevlar verwendet wird, ist der Anteil hiervon sehr gering.- The materials are inexpensive; if carbon and kevlar are used the proportion of this is very small.

- Der Fertigungsaufwand ist nicht größer als bisher allgemein üblich.- The production effort is not greater than previously generally customary.

- Die optische Qualität ist hervorragend.- The optical quality is excellent.

- Nahezu völlige Ausschaltung der Delaminationsgefahr.- Almost complete elimination of the risk of delamination.

- Verbesserte Schlagzähigkeit als reine Glaslaminate.- Improved impact strength than pure glass laminates.

Beschreibung eines Ausführungsbeispiels: (9) Da die Form des Brettes für die Erfindung bedeutungslos ist, wird in der Zeichnung nur der tragende Laminataufbau der Außenhaut sowie das Ventil dargestellt. (Keine maßstäbliche Darstellung).Description of an embodiment: (9) As the shape of the board is meaningless for the invention, only the load-bearing laminate structure is shown in the drawing the outer skin and the valve are shown. (Not to scale).

In der Zeichnung bedeuten: S: Steife Außen- bzw. Innenhaut mit hohem E-Modul.In the drawing: S: Stiff outer or inner skin with a high Modulus of elasticity.

Im Ausführungsbeispiel wurden für die obere Brettseite als Innenhaut Glasgewebe 165 g/m2 und als Außenhaut Glasgewebe 80 g/m2 gewählt. Für die untere Brettseite reichten Glasgewebe 80 g/m2 für Außen- und Innenhaut aus. In the exemplary embodiment, the inner skin was used for the upper side of the board Glass fabric 165 g / m2 and glass fabric 80 g / m2 as the outer skin. For the lower On the board side, glass fabric 80 g / m2 was sufficient for the outer and inner skin.

L: Leichtere Trennschicht mit geringerem E-Modul.L: Lighter separating layer with a lower modulus of elasticity.

Sie nimmt nur in beschränktem Umfang Spannungen auf. It only absorbs tensions to a limited extent.

Im Ausführungsbeispiel: Obere Brettseite 2, untere Brettseite 1 Lage Diolengewebe 160 g/m2. In the exemplary embodiment: upper board side 2, lower board side 1 layer Diolen fabric 160 g / m2.

Um die enorme Gewichtsverringerung zu demonstrieren, wurde für das gebaute Ausführungsbeispiel als Schaumkern Styropor mit einem Raumgewicht von ca. 15 kg/m3 gewählt, da PU-Schaum mit solch geringem Raumgewicht nicht erhältlich ist. Die erste Laminatslage wurde mit Epoxi, alle weiteren mit Polyester laminiert. Das fertige Brett (L. ca. 3 m, B. ca. 65 cm, Vol. ca. 140 1) wiegt 7,5 kg.To demonstrate the enormous weight reduction, the built embodiment as a foam core Styrofoam with a density of approx. 15 kg / m3 was chosen because PU foam with such a low density is not available. The first layer of laminate was laminated with epoxy, all the others with polyester. That finished board (length approx. 3 m, width approx. 65 cm, volume approx. 140 l) weighs 7.5 kg.

Falls die Industrie entsprechende Materialien, wie extrem leichte PU-Schäume sowie gezwirntes Diolengewebe auf dem Markt anbietet, lassen sich alle Lagen des erfindungsgemäßen Laminats in einem Arbeitsgang laminieren.If the industry has appropriate materials, such as extremely light PU foams and twisted Diolen fabrics on the market can all Laminate layers of the laminate according to the invention in one operation.

Mit ,,Coremat"-Schaumvlies in Schichtdicken von ca. 1 mm und weniger sowie leichtem Kohlefasergewebe (Gewicht ca. 40-80 g/m2) läßt sich das Endgewicht der Boards weiter reduzieren.With "Coremat" foam fleece in layer thicknesses of approx. 1 mm and less as well as light carbon fiber fabric (weight approx. 40-80 g / m2) the final weight of the boards further reduce.

Leider sind diese Materialien bis zu diesem Zeitpunkt ebenfalls nicht erhältlich, zumindest nicht in kleinen Mengen für Endverbraucher.Unfortunately, these materials are not up to this point either available, at least not in small quantities for end users.

- Leerseite -- blank page -

Claims (4)

Patentansprüche Oberbegriff: 1. Funktionsfähiges Sandwichlaminat zur Herstellung superleichter Windsurf- und Wellen reitbretter u.a.m. (alle Sandwichkonstruktionen) kennzeichnender Teil: dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die tragende Außenhaut in sich selbst eine Sandwichkonstruktion darstellt, wobei im Vergleich mit bisher üblichen Außenhäuten das Verhältnis Dicke/Gewicht bzw. das Verhältnis Biegesteifigkeit/Gewicht größer ist.Claims preamble: 1. Functional sandwich laminate for Manufacture of super-light windsurfing and wave riding boards, etc. (all sandwich constructions) Characteristic part: characterized in that the load-bearing outer skin is in itself itself represents a sandwich construction, compared with the usual Outer skins are the ratio of thickness / weight or the ratio of flexural rigidity / weight is bigger. Oberbegriff des Unteranspruchs: 2. Ventileinbau zur Verminderung der Delaminationsgefahr nach nach Anspruch 1, kennzeichnender Teil des Unteranspruchs: dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Ventil Zugang zum Schaumkern und zur Außenluft hat, wobei die Durchgangsrichtung von innen nach außen ist.Preamble of the dependent claim: 2. Valve installation to reduce the Danger of delamination according to claim 1, characterizing part of the sub-claim: characterized in that a valve has access to the foam core and the outside air, the direction of passage is from the inside to the outside. 3. Windsurf- und Wellenreitbretter u.a.m. (alle Sandwichkonstr.) nach Anspruch 1 und/oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie aus einer tragenden Außenhaut nach Anspruch 1 und einem Schaumkern besteht mit oder ohne Verwendung eines Ventils nach Anspruch 2.3. Windsurf and surf boards etc. (all sandwich constructions) according to Claim 1 and / or 2, characterized in that it consists of a load-bearing outer skin according to claim 1 and a foam core with or without the use of a valve according to claim 2. 4. Übertragung des den obigen Ansprüchen zugrunde liegenden Prinzips auf andere Konstruktionen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß tragende Schichten einer Sandwichkonstruktion in sich selbst Sandwichkonstruktionen sind.4. Transfer of the principle underlying the above claims to other constructions, characterized in that load-bearing layers are one Sandwich constructions are in themselves sandwich constructions.
DE19843417217 1984-05-10 1984-05-10 Functional sandwich laminate for producing ultra-lightweight windsurf boards and surf-boards and the like (all sandwich structures) Ceased DE3417217A1 (en)

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EP0224023A1 (en) * 1985-10-23 1987-06-03 Georg Fritzmeier GmbH & Co. Compound structure, especially a sail board or surf board, and its manufacturing process
WO2011009627A1 (en) * 2009-07-23 2011-01-27 Hydroflex Technologies Gmbh Composite body
US8535794B2 (en) 2003-07-30 2013-09-17 Sven Brauers Device, especially sporting equipment for use in surfing or similar activities, and a method for producing fiber composites

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AU2010275689B2 (en) * 2009-07-23 2014-06-05 Hydroflex Technologies Gmbh Composite body

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